CN1209243A - 电话设备的保护电路 - Google Patents

电话设备的保护电路 Download PDF

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CN1209243A
CN1209243A CN96199978A CN96199978A CN1209243A CN 1209243 A CN1209243 A CN 1209243A CN 96199978 A CN96199978 A CN 96199978A CN 96199978 A CN96199978 A CN 96199978A CN 1209243 A CN1209243 A CN 1209243A
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circuit
telephone line
user telephone
spark
resistance
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CN1166158C (zh
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R·A·皮特施
C·E·维斯特
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Technicolor USA Inc
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Thomson Consumer Electronics Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
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    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/073Special arrangements for circuits, e.g. for protecting identification code in memory
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0013Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0013Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers
    • G06K7/0021Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers for reading/sensing record carriers having surface contacts
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0013Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers
    • G06K7/0086Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by galvanic contacts, e.g. card connectors for ISO-7816 compliant smart cards or memory cards, e.g. SD card readers the connector comprising a circuit for steering the operations of the card connector
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03JTUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS
    • H03J9/00Remote-control of tuned circuits; Combined remote-control of tuning and other functions, e.g. brightness, amplification
    • H03J9/06Remote-control of tuned circuits; Combined remote-control of tuning and other functions, e.g. brightness, amplification using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. light
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/22Modifications for ensuring a predetermined initial state when the supply voltage has been applied
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/78Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
    • H03K17/795Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling bipolar transistors
    • H03K17/7955Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling bipolar transistors using phototransistors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/738Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/738Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines
    • H04M1/7385Programmable or microprocessor-controlled
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/738Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines
    • H04M1/74Interface circuits for coupling substations to external telephone lines with means for reducing interference; with means for reducing effects due to line faults
    • H04M1/745Protection devices or circuits for voltages surges on the line
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/82Line monitoring circuits for call progress or status discrimination

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Abstract

一种用于保护电话/调制解调器设备免受损害的电路,该电路包括一个用户电话信号源。一个能量转移装置被连接到该用户电话信号源,在该能量转移装置与电话/调制解调器设备之间连接了一个电感。

Description

电话设备的保护电路
本发明涉及防止电话设备的前端电路被其所连接的电话线路上的诸如电路短路或雷击这样的损害信号破坏的电路。
本电子设备可以包括经用户电话线路连接到外部计算机的诸如调制解调器电路这样的电话设备。这种设备是相当昂贵的。但是,用户电话线路要经受各种信号条件,而这些条件会损坏连接到该线路上的电话设备,或者严重地降低该设备的性能。例如,电磁干扰(EMI)可能被起天线作用的电话线路拾取;或者在用户位置如果电话线路未被良好地接地,则在这些线路上可能建立起高压静电荷,当电路被连接到电话线路时这些电荷将引起放电;或者耦合到电话线路上的各种其它电路可能不正确地操作和产生太高电压的信号或短路;或者雷电可能击中电话线路。在所有的这些情况下,电话线路拾取了信号,该信号如果被传送到与这些线路连接的电话设备,则将可能损坏电路或降低其性能。
为保护电话设备和电话线路两者免于损坏,已经要求各种测试,以便在出现这样的损坏信号的情况下,保证电话设备将继续工作。例如在美国,Underwriter′Laboratory已经规定了在UL规范1459中提出的一系列测试,和Federal Commnunication Commission在FCC电话设备规程的第68部分也规定了其它的一些测试。连接到电话线路上的所有设备在它们在美国出售前必须通过上述这些文件规定的测试。
在上述这些文件中的测试是试图保护电话设备免遭会在电话线路上出现的各种损害信号的损坏。另外,各制造商为了减少检修和被保证人的修理花费和增大用户对他们设备的满意度,希望将由这样的损害信号引起的对他们的设备的损坏降低到最低。再有,包括电路的制造商也将防止可能降低他们的电话设备的操作的这些信号到达设备。
已经开发出各种保护电路,保护电话设备免遭损害或降低工作性能的信号。这些保护电路被连接到用户的电话线路和电话设备之间,并设计得使通过如上所述的所要求的测试并保护电话设备免于损坏或工作性能变坏。例如,在现有技术的保护电路中,一些电感被直接连接到用户的电话线路上。这些电感减少或消除EMI进入电话设备的。此外,其目的是这些电感防止损害信号通过它们。但是,已经发现这些电感将不能完全防止高压峰值的通过和进入电话设备。
为了防止这种高压峰值通过和进入到电话设备中,一些保护电路进一步包括在各电感和电话设备之间的充气体的火花放电器,将高压峰值的能量转移到地,于是避免它达到电话设备。但是,一旦高压峰值已经到达充气体的火花放电器,该峰值的某些部分会不利地影响电话设备。
希望提供一种对高压峰值和EMI以及其它损害或使工作性能下降的信号的保护。最好是,可能提供一种保护电路,当损害信号发生时可以使该损害信号消失,因此保护更昂贵的电话设备免得自身遭损坏。
按照本发明的原理,保护电话设备被损害的一种电路包括用户电话信号源。能量转移装置被连接到用户电话信号源并在能量转移装置和电话设备之间连接了一电感。
在附图中;
图1是按照本发明的电话接口保护电路的示意图。
在图1中,可以是标准的RJ11电话塞孔的电话塞孔10以公知的方式被连接到用户电话线路上(未示出)。连接到用户电话线路塞尖信号的电话塞孔10的第一端子被连接到第一电阻R1的第一电极。第一电阻R1的第二电极被连接到第一电感L1和第二电阻R2的各自的第一电极,和连接到火花放电器20的第一端子1。第一电感的第二电极被连接到调制解调器30的第一输入端(在下面详细描述)。第二电阻R2的第二电极被连接到一个电源参考电位(地)和到火花放电器20的第三端子3。
连接到用户电话线路塞环信号R的电话塞孔10的第二端子被连接到第三电阻R3的第一电极。第三电阻R3的第二电极被连接到保险丝F的第一电极。保险丝F的第二电极被连接到相应第二电感L2和第四电阻R4的第一输入端,和到火花放电器20的第二端子2。第二电感L2的第二端子被连接到调制解调器30的第二输入端。第四电阻R4的第二电极也被连接到地。
调制解调器30的第一和第二输入端被连接到全波桥路B的各双向端子。一个Sidactor被连接到桥路B的正电压端+和桥路B的负电压端-之间。此外,桥路B的正电压端+通过串联的光电达林顿对PD、变压器绕组Tr、和第五电阻R5和发光二极管LED与第六电阻R6的并联被连接到桥路B的负电压端-。
在操作中,在调制解调器30中,光电达林顿对PD是固态中继器的一部分。该固态中继器还包括用于控制光电达林顿对PD的一个发光二极管(未示出)。固态中继器被用于使调制解调器30摘机和挂机。变压器Tr包括连接到调制解调器30的处理电路(未示出)的另外的绕组(未示出)。变压器Tr被用于以公知的方式变换代表从调制解调器30到用户电话线路和从用户电话线路到调制解调器30的信号的数据。第五电阻R5和LED的串联与第六电阻R6的并联是光隔离器的一部分,该光隔离器还包括一个光电晶体管(未示出)。第六电阻R6被用于降低由第五电阻R5和LED代表的阻抗。光隔离器被用于与测量环路电流的其它电路(未示出)相连。
光电达林顿对PD和发光二极管LED是单方向器件。但是,不能预测哪个电话线路,塞尖T或塞环R将被连接到用户电话线路中的正电压源和哪个将被连接到负电压源。例如由半导体二极管制造的全波整流的桥路B被连接到塞尖信号T或塞环信号R,利用单方向的光电达林顿对PD和发光二极管LED变换该信号为适当的极性。
单方向Sidactor(Teccor Electronics公司的注册商标)S工作在类似于单方向DIAC的方式。具体地,只要是其两端的电压仍然低于一个预定的触发电压,它就保持高阻抗,但是一该旦触发电压被超过,Sidactor S以公知的电压/电流特性变为导通。这提供了调制解调器30两端的过压保护。在一个优选实施例中,Sidactor的触发电压是275到300V。
包括光电达林顿对PD、变压器Tr、和由发光二极管LED构成的光隔离器的固态中继器对过压相当敏感。它是由表示在图1的电路的剩余部分保护的电路。
现在参照图1的电话塞孔10和调制解调器30之间的部分。第一和第三电阻R1和R3分别在来自用户电话线路的电流泄漏上提供电流限制。另外,当该保护电路允许连续操作,而不考虑短时间的高压脉冲时,第一和第三电阻R1和R3分别的值和保险丝F配合工作相对于长时间短路的保护(正如下面所描述的)。在一个优选实施例中,第一和第三电阻R1和R3分别为10Ω的电阻,和保险丝是350ma的保险。
第二和第四电阻R2和R4分别用于对不接地的电话线路上可能积累的电荷进行保护。例如,如果用户电话线路在用户和/或中心局位置没有很好接地,这种情况可以发生。只要电话塞孔10被插入用户电话线,在用户电话线路上的任何静电荷通过第二和第四电阻R2和R4被耦合到地,和只要电话塞孔10仍然被插入,在电荷有机会积累前,任何这样的电荷都被耦合到地。在一个优选实施例中,第二和第四电阻R2和R4是10MΩ电阻。
火花放电器20包括连接到塞尖信号的端子1,连接到塞环信号的端子2,和第三端子3接地。所有这些端子由相应的经验经选择的尺寸的空气间隙互相分隔开的,使得如果它们之间的任何电压超过预定的电压,由该电压代表的能量被通过这些端子之间的放电转移掉。具体地讲,存在着塞尖信号T和地之间,塞环信号和地之间,和塞尖信号T和塞环信号和地之间的各间隙。这些间隙通过在PCB上物理穿孔一个间隙和在间隙的任意侧淀积铜电极被形成在印制电路板(PCB)上。这形成了一个火花放电器的空气间隙,这种空气间隙比充有气体的火花放电器便宜。为了提供机械上更坚固的火花放电器和增加其可以处理的电流,在一个优选实施例中,在PCB上空气间隙的任意一侧的铜电极具有固定在PCB上的被低温焊料覆盖着的片电阻。当产生火花时,低温焊料被暂时熔化,改善了火花放电器的散热。在一个优选实施例中,该火花放电器的宽度被间隙调整,使得当在间隙两端的基本上在2000和2200V之间时产生火花。
第一和第二电感L1和L2分别对MEI频率的信号呈现高阻抗和对在调制解调器数据频率呈现低阻抗。这些阻抗包括阻塞从调制解调器30来的或幅射的MEI信号。此外,通过分别在火花放电器20和调制解调器30之间设置第一和第二电感L1和L2,已经被火花放电器20转移到地的或由火花本身产生的任何高频和高压信号都被间隙阻塞,而不能到达调制解调器30。在一个优选实施例中,第一和第二电感L1和L2分别为5微亨(ηH)。
在用户电话线路上的有害信号的事件中,表示在图1的保护电路将耗散超过的能量,或者阻塞该信号到达在调制解调器中的相对昂贵的电路。某些保护电路在诸如雷击之类的特别过量有害信号的事件中可能被损坏或破坏。但是由雷击引起的损害将被限制在保护电路上。如图1所示的按照本发明的安排,在火花放电器和电话设备之间设置一些电感将提供优于现有技术的附加保护。
图1的实施例表示用于保护调制解调器免遭损害的保护电路。本专业的技术人员将理解为,按照本发明的保护电路可以适合保护任何电话设备免遭损害。再有,本专业的技术人员将认识到,可能包括其它的保护电路提供对其它国家的其它电话系统的委托的保护。例如,其它国家可能要求按照对于南美的IEC规则提供保护。在图1中没有表示出这种电路,但是对于本专业的技术人员来说将懂得,满足这些要求需要什么样的电路,和如何设计和制造这种电路和其与表示在图的电路的互连。

Claims (19)

1.一种连接到用户电话线路上用于保护电话设备免遭损害的电路,包括:
连接到用户电话线路和参考电压源之间的能量转移装置;和
连接到能量转移装置和电话设备之间的电感。
2.根据权利要求1的电路,其中能量转移装置包括一个火花放电器,当用户电话线路和参考电压源之间的电压超过预定的触发电压时,该火花放电器产生火花。
3.根据权利要求2的电路,其中火花放电器的设计使得触发电压基本上在2000和2200V之间。
4.根据权利要求1的电路,还包括连接在用户电话线路和参考电压源之间的电路,用于将来自用户电话线路的静电荷放电到参考电压源上。
5.根据权利要求4的电路,其中放电电路包括一个电阻。
6.根据权利要求5的电路,其中所述电阻的值较大。
7.根据权利要求1的电路,还包括连接在用户电话线路和火花放电器之间的保险丝。
8.一种用于保护具有第一和第二输入端和连接在第一和第二用户电话线路的电话设备免受损害的电路,包括:
连接在第一用户电话线路和参考电压源之间的第一能量转移装置;
连接在第一火花放电器和电话设备的第一输入端之间的第一电感;
连接在第二用户电话线路和参考电压源之间的第二能量转移装置;和
连接在第二火花放电器和电话设备的第二输入端之间的第二电感。
9.根据权利要求8的电路,其中:
第一能量转移装置包括一个火花放电器,该火花放电器被设计成为当第一用户电话线路和参考电压之间的电压超过预定触发电压时产生火花;和
第二能量转移装置包括一个火花放电器,该火花放电器被设计成为当第二用户电话线路和参考电压之间的电压超过预定触发电压时产生火花。
10.根据权利要求9的电路,其中火花放电器的设计,使得触发电压基本上在2000和2200V之间。
11.根据权利要求8的电路,还包括连接在第一用户电话线路和第二用户电话线路之间的第三能量转移装置。
12.根据权利要求11的电路,其中第三能量转移装置包括一个火花放电器,当第一用户电话线路和第二用户电话线路之间的电压超过预定触发电压时产生火花。
13.根据权利要求12的电路,其中第三火花放电器的设计使得预定触发电压基本上在2000和2200V之间。
14.根据权利要求8的电路,还包括连接在第一和第二用户电话线路之一与第一和第二火花放电器的对应一个之间的保险丝。
15.根据权利要求8的电路还包括:
连接在第一用户电话线路和第一火花放电器之间的电阻;和
与连接在第二用户电话线路和第二火花放电器之间的保险丝相串联连接的第二电阻。
16.根据权利要求15的电路,其中第一和第二电阻两者的电阻值是相当低的。
17.根据权利要求8的电路,还包括连接在第一和第二用户电话线路与参考电压源之间的一个电路,用于将来用户电话线路的静电荷放电到参考电压源上。
18.根据权利要求8的电路,其中放电电路包括:
连接在第一用户电话线路和参考电压源之间的第一电阻;和连接在第二用户电话线路和参考电压源之间之间的第二电阻。
19.根据权利要求18的电路,其中第一和第二电阻两者的电阻值是较大的。
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