CN112604642A - 一种真空绝热板用吸气剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种真空绝热板用吸气剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
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- B01J20/0237—Compounds of Cu
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- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0274—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04 characterised by the type of anion
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- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
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- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/045—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing sulfur, e.g. sulfates, thiosulfates, gypsum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种真空绝热板用吸气剂及其制备方法,属于真空绝热材料技术领域,该吸气剂包括干燥剂粉末和催化剂粉末,其中,催化剂粉末按如下方法制备:将Ti、Mn、Zr、Al、V、Cr、Eu、Ce、Nb或Mo的氧化物中的至少两种加入碱性溶液中,通过化学液相沉积法制备。该方法工艺简单、设备要求不高,反应条件温和,易控制,制得的催化剂粉末表面活性高,将该催化剂粉末与干燥剂粉末混合后制得的吸气剂对真空绝热板内的气体吸收速率快,其激活方式简单,能更加有效地长时间维持真空绝热板的真空度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于真空绝热材料技术领域,具体涉及一种真空绝热板用吸气剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
真空绝热板(Vacuum Insulation Panel,简称VIP),是真空保温材料中的一种,由填充芯材与真空保护层复合而成,主要有三个组成部分:芯部隔热材料(insulatingmaterial,可称为芯材)、气体阻隔薄膜(barrier,可称为阻气层)和气体吸收材料(getter,可称为吸气剂)。真空绝热板采用抽真空的方法将存留在绝热空间的气体清除,以消除气体导致的各种传热途径,最大限度提高内部真空度隔绝热传导,可使导热系数大幅度降低,小于0.003w/m·k,具有高效节能的特性,是目前世界上最先进的高效保温材料之一。
在生产和使用过程中,真空绝热板会因为内部有少量气体残余、有气体透过气体阻隔膜以及材料老化缓慢释放一些气体这些情况存在,导致导热系数上升。这些气体包括氮气、氧气、水蒸气、氢气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳等。因此,吸气剂作为真空绝热板的重要组成之一,能够在真空环境中吸收残余气体分子,其通过物理吸附或化学作用吸收上述气体分子,维持真空绝热板内部的真空度,降低气体分子在真空绝热板中的传热效率,从而使真空绝热板的热传导吸收维持在较低的范围内,保障了隔热保温的稳定性,极大地延长了真空绝热版的使用寿命。
传统的吸气剂,不同类别的其制备过程也不尽相同,但都要求较高的制备工艺,制备过程比较复杂。例如锆钒铁吸气剂,目前有熔炼、烧结、成膜、镀镍四种方法制备。其中,熔炼法需要真空高温环境,且制备出来的吸气剂孔隙度低,吸气速率衰减快;烧结法也需要真空高温环境,且制备出来的吸气剂吸氢性能差;成膜法虽然吸气性能好但对原材料要求极高、工艺要求苛刻、成本昂贵;镀镍法,吸气性能较好,抗氧化能力强,但是其工艺还不够简易,且成本较高,其激活条件和性能还需要进一步研究调整。
暴露于大气环境后的吸气剂表面会覆盖着一层H2O、CO2及碳氢化合物,在使用前必须在真空条件下加热到一定温度并保持一段时间,以去除表面钝化膜及吸附气体,从而获得清洁的活性表面,这一过程被称为激活。传统的吸气剂一般都需要通过400℃以上高温激活才能吸气,主要应用于高真空及超高真空环境,其激活瞬间吸气速率大,可以提高真空度1-2个量级,但吸气量小。但真空绝热板由于含有有机薄膜的真空外壳而不能被加热超过150℃,这样传统的吸气剂就不能通过加热激活达到吸气目的。另外,玻璃纤维芯材VIP板内有效压力范围一般在10-1-102Pa,属于中低真空环境,传统的吸气剂吸附量太小。
SAES吸气剂公司开发了一种商品名为COMBOGETTER的吸气剂,该吸气剂性能优异,但是由于该吸气剂含有钡锂合金,使其在安全性和环保性上存在很大的问题,加之价格昂贵,并没有得到较好的市场推广。SAES吸气剂公司另一款编号为St707的锆钒铁吸气剂在激活再生和高温抽气时,只要在高于200℃时有大气进入,吸气剂就将被烧毁,永久性损坏,也不便于使用。汪坤明等开发了一种新型工艺,将高温吸气剂封离在玻璃管中并激活,装入芯材中制得VIP后将玻璃管压碎,使吸气剂达到吸气目的,这种工艺的实际效果并不理想,而且碎玻璃容易刺破VIP阻隔膜,影响真空绝热板寿命。因此,急需一种生产工艺和激活方式简单、性能优异的吸气剂及其制备方法。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种真空绝热板用吸气剂;目的之二在于提供一种真空绝热板用吸气剂的制备方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
1、一种真空绝热板用吸气剂,所述吸气剂包括干燥剂粉末和催化剂粉末,所述催化剂粉末按如下方法制备:
将Ti、Mn、Zr、Al、V、Cr、Eu、Ce、Nb或Mo的氧化物中的至少两种加入碱性溶液中,通过化学液相沉积法制备。
优选的,所述催化剂粉末按如下方法制备:
将Ti、Mn、Zr、Al、V、Cr、Eu、Ce、Nb或Mo的氧化物中的至少两种混合后形成混合物,将所述混合物加入水中,均匀分散后,加入温度为50-100℃,pH≥8的碱性溶液中,搅拌反应1h以上,冷却后过滤取沉淀,将所述沉淀烘干后研磨,即可。
优选的,所述Ti、Mn、Zr、Al、V、Cr、Eu、Ce、Nb或Mo的氧化物中任意两种的重量比为1-100:1-100。
优选的,所述碱性溶液为NaOH溶液、KOH溶液、Ca(OH)2溶液、Ba(OH)2溶液、碳酸钠溶液或氨水中的至少一种。
优选的,所述烘干具体为在50-200℃下烘干至恒重。
优选的,所述干燥剂粉末和催化剂粉末的重量比为50-99.9:0.01-50。
优选的,所述干燥剂粉末和催化剂粉末的粒度为100-8000目。
优选的,所述干燥剂粉末为无水硫酸铜、石灰、碱石灰、无水氯化钙、氧化镁或硫酸镁中的至少一种。
优选的,所述吸气剂还包括外部包装袋,所述外部包装袋在125Pa的压差下的透气量≤3000L/m2/s,克重为40-200g/m2,抗拉强度为1-20kN/m。
优选的,所述外部包装袋的材质为高密度聚乙烯、无纺布、特氟龙、凯夫拉或GORE-TEX中的一种或两种形成的复合材料。
2、所述的一种真空绝热板用吸气剂的制备方法,所述方法如下:
将催化剂粉末在300℃以上的温度下加热0.5h以上,密闭冷却,然后与干燥剂粉末均匀混合,最后以外部包装袋封装,即可。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明提供了一种真空绝热板用吸气剂及其制备方法,该吸气剂中催化剂粉末通过化学液相沉积法制备,与其他制备方法相比,本发明的方法工艺简单、设备要求不高,反应条件温和,易控制,制得的催化剂粉末表面活性高,将该催化剂粉末与干燥剂粉末混合后制得的吸气剂对真空绝热板内的气体吸收速率快,其激活方式简单,能更加有效地长时间维持真空绝热板的真空度。该吸气剂中,干燥剂粉末主要负责吸收真空绝热板里面的水蒸气、CO2,催化剂粉末可将真空绝热板中的H2、CO气体与O2催化反应,生成H2O与CO2,然后再被干燥剂粉末吸收,两种组分相互协同配合,将真空绝热板中残留的、老化产生的、渗透进来的气体完全吸收,能够充分维持真空绝热板的真空度,延长其使用寿命。
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述,并且在某种程度上,基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的,或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式,本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用,本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用,在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。
实施例1
制备真空绝热板用吸气剂
(1)将ZrO2和MnO按重量比为1:1混合后形成混合物,将该混合物以1:20(kg:L)的比例加入去离子水中,均匀分散后,加入温度为75℃,pH为12的NaOH溶液中,搅拌反应4h,冷却后过滤取沉淀,将沉淀在100℃下烘干至恒重后研磨至100目,制得催化剂粉末;
(2)将步骤(1)中制备的催化剂粉末在400℃下加热1h后密闭冷却,然后按重量比为1:1将催化剂粉末与干粒度为8000目的无水硫酸铜粉末混合,最后以外部包装袋封装,即可。其中,该外部包装袋在125Pa的压差下的透气量为1500L/m2/s,克重为100g/m2,抗拉强度为10kN/m,材质为特氟龙。
实施例2
制备真空绝热板用吸气剂
(1)将ZrO2和MoO3按重量比为10:1混合后形成混合物,将该混合物以1:40(kg:L)的比例加入去离子水中,均匀分散后,加入温度为50℃,pH为10的氨水与碳酸钠的混合溶液中,混合溶液中氨水与碳酸钠的摩尔比为1:1,搅拌反应20h,冷却后过滤取沉淀,将沉淀在150℃下烘干至恒重后研磨至4000目,制得催化剂粉末;
(2)将步骤(1)中制备的催化剂粉末在800℃下加热0.5h后密闭冷却,然后按重量比为9:1将催化剂粉末与干粒度为4000目的碱石灰粉末混合,最后以外部包装袋封装,即可。其中,该外部包装袋在125Pa的压差下的透气量为2000L/m2/s,克重为40g/m2,抗拉强度为5kN/m,材质为无纺布。
实施例3
制备真空绝热板用吸气剂
(1)将TiO2和MoO3按重量比为1:10混合后形成混合物,将该混合物以1:10(kg:L)的比例加入去离子水中,均匀分散后,加入温度为100℃,pH为10的Ba(OH)2溶液中,搅拌反应10h,冷却后过滤取沉淀,将沉淀在50℃下烘干至恒重后研磨至8000目,制得催化剂粉末;
(2)将步骤(1)中制备的催化剂粉末在600℃下加热1.5h后密闭冷却,然后按重量比为99.8:0.02将催化剂粉末与干粒度为100目的硫酸镁粉末混合,最后以外部包装袋封装,即可。其中,该外部包装袋在125Pa的压差下的透气量为2500L/m2/s,克重为200g/m2,抗拉强度为20kN/m,材质为高密度聚乙烯。
测试实施例1至实施例3中制备的真空绝热板用吸气剂及市场上常见的真空绝热板用吸气剂(对比例)的吸水性、吸湿速率和对CO、O2、N2等气体进行吸气总量的对比。其中,吸水性测试的测试温度为50±1℃,测试湿度为90±5%,测试时间为24h;测试结果见表1。
表1
检测项目 | 吸水性 | 前3h吸湿速率 | 吸气总量 |
实施例1 | 36.54% | 99.94% | 307.4Pa·L/g |
实施例2 | 36.12% | 99.98% | 305.2Pa·L/g |
实施例3 | 35.93% | 99.97% | 306.5Pa·L/g |
对比例 | 31.07% | 99.90% | 290.3Pa·L/g |
由表1可知,本发明中的真空绝热板用吸气剂相比于现有市场上常见的真空绝热板用吸气剂,具有更好的吸水性能、更快的吸水速率和更大的吸气总量,因而能更加有效地延长真空绝热板的使用寿命,且该真空绝热板用吸气剂的制备工艺和使用方式简单,所需生产设备及其维护成本低,具有显著的经济性优势。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种真空绝热板用吸气剂,其特征在于,所述吸气剂包括干燥剂粉末和催化剂粉末,所述催化剂粉末按如下方法制备:
将Ti、Mn、Zr、Al、V、Cr、Eu、Ce、Nb或Mo的氧化物中的至少两种加入碱性溶液中,通过化学液相沉积法制备。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种真空绝热板用吸气剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂粉末按如下方法制备:
将Ti、Mn、Zr、Al、V、Cr、Eu、Ce、Nb或Mo的氧化物中的至少两种混合后形成混合物,将所述混合物加入水中,均匀分散后,加入温度为50-100℃,pH≥8的碱性溶液中,搅拌反应1h以上,冷却后过滤取沉淀,将所述沉淀烘干后研磨,即可。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种真空绝热板用吸气剂,其特征在于,所述Ti、Mn、Zr、Al、V、Cr、Eu、Ce、Nb或Mo的氧化物中任意两种的重量比为1-100:1-100。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的一种真空绝热板用吸气剂,其特征在于,所述碱性溶液为NaOH溶液、KOH溶液、Ca(OH)2溶液、Ba(OH)2溶液、碳酸钠溶液或氨水中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种真空绝热板用吸气剂,其特征在于,所述烘干具体为在50-200℃下烘干至恒重。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的一种真空绝热板用吸气剂,其特征在于,所述干燥剂粉末和催化剂粉末的重量比为50-99.9:0.01-50。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的一种真空绝热板用吸气剂,其特征在于,所述干燥剂粉末和催化剂粉末的粒度为100-8000目。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的一种真空绝热板用吸气剂,其特征在于,所述干燥剂粉末为无水硫酸铜、石灰、碱石灰、无水氯化钙、氧化镁或硫酸镁中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的一种真空绝热板用吸气剂,其特征在于,所述吸气剂还包括外部包装袋,所述外部包装袋在125Pa的压差下的透气量≤3000L/m2/s,克重为40-200g/m2,抗拉强度为1-20kN/m。
10.权利要求1-9任一项所述的一种真空绝热板用吸气剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法如下:
将催化剂粉末在300℃以上的温度下加热0.5h以上,密闭冷却,然后与干燥剂粉末均匀混合,最后以外部包装袋封装,即可。
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