CN112602536A - Culture medium for cultivating tricholoma matsutake by using black fungus residues and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Culture medium for cultivating tricholoma matsutake by using black fungus residues and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention provides a culture medium for cultivating tricholoma matsutake by black fungus residues and a preparation method thereof, and the culture medium is mainly prepared from the following components: 16-76 parts of black fungus residues, 10-40 parts of rice husks, 9-39 parts of corncobs, 1-4 parts of wheat bran and 1-4 parts of quick lime. The culture medium is used for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake by building and turning over for 2 times, the number of spawn running days is between 43 and 50 days, the fruiting time is between 94 and 109 days, the yield per mu is between 3000 and 3500 kg, and the yield is improved by 1.5 to 1.75 times compared with the prior yield. The invention greatly reduces the pollution of the black fungus residues to the environment, and has simple preparation method, easily obtained raw materials and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus culture medium materials, and particularly relates to a culture medium material for cultivating tricholoma matsutake by using black fungus residues and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Auricularia, also known as Auricularia, Auricularia aurlcula, Auricularia tenuifolia, and Auricularia, belonging to Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae, Auricularia in Auriculariales, is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Fujian, Jiangsu, Taiwan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan, and can grow on rotten wood of broad-leaved trees, and grow singly or in groups. Fresh black fungus is in a colloid sheet shape, is semitransparent, grows on the tree laterally, is 5-10 cm in ear diameter, is elastic, is smooth and concave on the abdominal surface, is slightly curled at the edge, is convex on the back surface, has superfine villi, and is black brown or dark brown. It shrinks into cutin shape after drying, and is hard and brittle, and the back is dark gray or grey-white; it swells in water, is soft and translucent, and has smooth mucus adhered to the surface. The Auricularia auricula contains protein, fat, polysaccharide, calcium, phosphorus, ferrum, carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, phospholipid, sterol, etc. Auricularia auricula is rich in nutrition and is known as the crown of fungus. Every 100 g of edible fungus contains 93% of water, 0.5 g of protein and 7 g of carbohydrate, and can provide 104.7 kilojoules of calories. The Auricularia can help digestive system dissolve indigestible foreign matter, and can effectively prevent iron deficiency anemia, thrombosis, arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease, and also has anticancer effect. The Auricularia auricula powder has pharmacological action for treating ulcer and avalanche.
The tricholoma matsutake, also called wine red stropharia rugoso-annulata, is famous for being produced in plateau deep mountains with the altitude of 1200 meters in the purple cloud county of Guizhou province, has bright and beautiful appearance and luster, and tender and smooth meat quality, contains rich nutrient components such as polysaccharide, protein, vitamin, mineral substances and the like, is homologous in medicine and food, can be named as fresh in color and delicious in taste, and is a complete nutrient food with the name of meat in vegetables.
At present, with the support of government policies and the optimization of edible fungus production equipment, the industrial production scale of edible fungi is continuously enlarged, and meanwhile, a large amount of fungi residues containing rich proteins, cellulose, lignin and other nutritional ingredients are generated, however, the utilization rate of the fungi residues is low at present, so that not only is the resource waste caused, but also the propagation of fungi and other pests is easily caused by a large amount of mycelia contained in the fungi residues, and the air pollution is caused. The environment is polluted, and the problem that how to effectively utilize the fungus dregs to solve the problems in the production is difficult for people.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a culture medium material for cultivating tricholoma matsutake by using black fungus residues and a preparation method thereof, the invention reduces the pollution of the black fungus residues to the environment, increases the utilization rate of the black fungus residues, avoids the waste of resources, and simultaneously has simple preparation method and low raw material cost.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a culture medium for cultivating tricholoma matsutake by black fungus residues comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 16-76 parts of black fungus residues, 10-40 parts of rice husks, 9-39 parts of corncobs, 1-4 parts of wheat bran and 1-4 parts of quick lime.
Further, the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 16-56 parts of black fungus residues, 10-30 parts of rice husks, 9-29 parts of corncobs, 1-3 parts of wheat bran and 1-3 parts of quick lime.
Further, the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 36 parts of black fungus residues, 20 parts of rice husks, 19 parts of corncobs, 2 parts of wheat bran and 2 parts of quicklime.
Further, the culture medium is prepared by the following steps:
a. selecting black fungus waste fungus bags which have no water retention film and have no obvious mildew or other fungus pollution, exposing the black fungus waste fungus bags in the sun until the water content of fungus sticks is less than 10%, crushing the fungus sticks into fungus residues with the diameter less than 1cm, and then exposing the fungus residues in the sun for 48 hours;
b. mixing Auricularia auricula-judae fungi residues with culture materials such as chaff, corncob, quicklime and the like according to a proportion, stacking and naturally fermenting, wherein the fermentation material stack is not too large, preferably has a width of 3-3.5 m and a height of 1.5-2 m, and simultaneously pricking thick heat extraction holes of 7-10 cm at intervals of about 0.5-1 m to extract heat;
c. starting to heat up in the pile for about 3-4 days, properly covering heat preservation cloth to preserve heat when the temperature is low in winter, starting timing when the temperature in the pile reaches above 55 ℃, keeping for more than 48 hours, turning the pile for the 1 st time when white powdery high-temperature radioactive bacteria appear in the pile, then building a new pile, pricking holes, turning the pile for the 2 nd time when the temperature of the pile is above 55 ℃, and repeating the operation;
d. checking the physical and chemical degree of the culture base material, and when the material is dark brown, a large amount of powdery white matters exist in the material, no ammonia odor and putrefactive flavor exist, and the mark of good hair is that the material is soft and not sticky;
e. the fermented culture material is cooled and regulated in time to make the water content of the culture material be up to 70% -75%, the pH value of the culture base material is regulated to 6-7.5, then when the temperature of the culture base material is reduced to below 25 deg.C, the sowing operation can be implemented.
Further, in order to ensure that the worm eggs and part of mixed bacteria are dead after being exposed to the sun, the waste bacteria residues in the step a are exposed to the sun for more than 48 hours.
Furthermore, the volume of the pile is proper and too large, and although the heat preservation and moisture preservation effects are good and the temperature rise is fast, the marginal materials cannot be fully fermented; and (c) if the volume of the material pile is too small, the material pile is not easy to heat, the fermentation effect is poor, and the width of the fermentation material pile in the step b is 3-3.5 m, and the height of the fermentation material pile is 1.5-2 m.
Further, in the step b, heat discharging holes with the diameter of 7-10 cm are arranged on the stacking material every 0.5-1 m.
Furthermore, in the step c, the material temperature is kept above 55-60 ℃ for about 48 hours, and the stack is turned over to kill harmful mould, bacteria, eggs of pests, common graves and the like.
Further, in the fermentation process, the temperature distribution rule in the pile is as follows: the temperature fluctuation of the surface layer is large and low, and the layer is very thin; the layer with thick middle part has the highest temperature and the fermentation speed is fast; the lower part has poor ventilation, the temperature is low, the fermentation is poor, and the turning in the step c needs to be carried out up and down, inside and outside uniformly.
And furthermore, in order to avoid breeding-free mixed bacteria and cause the cultured materials to be sticky and smelly after sowing, the lime water with the pH value of 7-8 is used for adjusting when the water of the stacked materials is seriously consumed before sowing in the step e.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the pollution of the black fungus residues to the environment is reduced, the utilization rate of the black fungus residues is increased, the waste of resources is avoided, and meanwhile, the preparation method is simple and the raw material cost is low.
Secondly, the culture medium is used for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake, the fungus growing days are between 43 and 50 days, the fruiting time is between 94 and 109 days, the yield per mu is between 3000 and 3500 kg, and the yield is improved by 1.5 to 1.75 times compared with the conventional yield.
The black fungus dregs are cheap and easy to obtain, and mycoprotein and other nutritional ingredients contained in the black fungus dregs provide a large amount of nutrition for the growth of the purple tricholoma matsutake, are beneficial to the growth of the purple tricholoma matsutake, and improve the yield of the purple tricholoma matsutake.
The preparation method of the culture medium for culturing the tricholoma matsutake by using the black fungus residues is simple, the operation adaptability is high, the culture medium is suitable for industrial production, is beneficial to small-area culture and planting of ordinary farmers, and is very beneficial to large-scale popularization in the field of edible fungus culture.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples:
example 1
A culture medium for cultivating tricholoma matsutake by black fungus residues comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 76 parts of black fungus residues, 10 parts of chaff, 9 parts of corncobs, 1 part of wheat bran and 4 parts of quick lime.
The culture medium for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake by using the black fungus residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting black fungus waste fungus bags which have no water retention film and have no obvious mildew or other fungus pollution, exposing the black fungus waste fungus bags in the sun until the water content of fungus sticks is less than 10%, crushing the fungus sticks into fungus residues with the diameter less than 1cm, and then exposing the fungus residues in the sun for 48 hours;
b. mixing Auricularia auricula-judae fungi residue with culture materials such as chaff, corn cob and quicklime in proportion, stacking for natural fermentation, wherein the width of the fermentation material pile is 3-3.5 m, the height is preferably 1.5-2 m, and heat is discharged by pricking thick heat discharging holes of 7-10 cm at intervals of 0.5-1 m;
c. the temperature of the pile begins to rise within 3-4 days, the heat preservation cloth can be properly covered to preserve heat when the temperature is low in winter, the temperature is kept for more than 48 hours when the temperature in the pile reaches more than 55 ℃, the pile is turned for the first time when white powdery high-temperature radioactive bacteria appear in the pile, then the pile is newly built, holes are punctured, and the pile is turned for the second time when the temperature of the pile is more than 55 ℃, and the operation is repeated;
d. checking the physical and chemical degree of the culture base material, and when the material is dark brown, a large amount of powdery white matters exist in the material, no ammonia odor and putrefactive flavor exist, and the finished product is marked by soft texture and no stickiness;
e. timely cooling and adjusting water of the fermented culture material to make the water content of the culture material be up to 70% -75%, adjusting the pH value of the culture base material to 7.5, and then sowing when the temperature of the culture base material is reduced to below 25 ℃;
when the culture medium prepared by the method is used for cultivating tricholoma matsutake, the fungus growing days are between 50 days, the fruiting time is between 98 days, the yield per mu is 3000 kg, and the yield is improved by 1.5 times compared with the conventional yield.
Example 2
A culture medium for cultivating tricholoma matsutake by black fungus residues comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 56 parts of black fungus residues, 20 parts of rice husks, 19 parts of corncobs, 2 parts of wheat bran and 3 parts of quick lime.
The culture medium for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake by using the black fungus residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting black fungus waste fungus bags which have no water retention film and have no obvious mildew or other fungus pollution, exposing the black fungus waste fungus bags in the sun until the water content of fungus sticks is less than 10%, crushing the fungus sticks into fungus residues with the diameter less than 1cm, and then exposing the fungus residues in the sun for 48 hours;
b. mixing Auricularia auricula-judae fungi residue with culture materials such as chaff, corn cob and quicklime in proportion, stacking for natural fermentation, wherein the width of the fermentation material pile is 3-3.5 m, the height is preferably 1.5-2 m, and heat is discharged by pricking thick heat discharging holes of 7-10 cm at intervals of 0.5-1 m;
c. the temperature of the pile begins to rise within 3-4 days, the heat preservation cloth can be properly covered to preserve heat when the temperature is low in winter, the temperature is kept for more than 48 hours when the temperature in the pile reaches more than 55 ℃, the pile is turned for the first time when white powdery high-temperature radioactive bacteria appear in the pile, then the pile is newly built, holes are punctured, and the pile is turned for the second time when the temperature of the pile is more than 55 ℃, and the operation is repeated;
d. checking the physical and chemical degree of the culture base material, and when the material is dark brown, a large amount of powdery white matters exist in the material, no ammonia odor and putrefactive flavor exist, and the finished product is marked by soft texture and no stickiness;
e. the fermented culture material is cooled and regulated in time to make the water content of the culture material be up to 70% -75%, the pH value of the culture base material is regulated to 7.0, and then when the temperature of the culture base material is reduced to below 25 deg.C, the sowing operation can be implemented.
When the culture medium prepared by the method is used for cultivating tricholoma matsutake, the fungus growing days are between 43 days, the fruiting time is between 94 days, the yield per mu is 3500 kg, and the yield is improved by 1.75 times compared with the conventional yield.
Example 3
A culture medium for cultivating tricholoma matsutake by black fungus residues comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 36 parts of black fungus residues, 30 parts of rice husks, 29 parts of corncobs, 3 parts of wheat bran and 2 parts of quick lime.
The culture medium for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake by using the black fungus residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting black fungus waste fungus bags which have no water retention film and have no obvious mildew or other fungus pollution, exposing the black fungus waste fungus bags in the sun until the water content of fungus sticks is less than 10%, crushing the fungus sticks into fungus residues with the diameter less than 1cm, and then exposing the fungus residues in the sun for 48 hours;
b. mixing Auricularia auricula-judae fungi residue with culture materials such as chaff, corn cob and quicklime in proportion, stacking for natural fermentation, wherein the width of the fermentation material pile is 3-3.5 m, the height is preferably 1.5-2 m, and heat is discharged by pricking thick heat discharging holes of 7-10 cm at intervals of 0.5-1 m;
c. the temperature of the pile begins to rise within 3-4 days, the heat preservation cloth can be properly covered to preserve heat when the temperature is low in winter, the temperature is kept for more than 48 hours when the temperature in the pile reaches more than 55 ℃, the pile is turned for the first time when white powdery high-temperature radioactive bacteria appear in the pile, then the pile is newly built, holes are punctured, and the pile is turned for the second time when the temperature of the pile is more than 55 ℃, and the operation is repeated;
d. checking the physical and chemical degree of the culture base material, and when the material is dark brown, a large amount of powdery white matters exist in the material, no ammonia odor and putrefactive flavor exist, and the finished product is marked by soft texture and no stickiness;
e. the fermented culture material is cooled and regulated in time to make the water content of the culture material be up to 70% -75%, the pH value of the culture base material is regulated to 6.5, and then when the temperature of the culture base material is reduced to below 25 deg.C, the sowing operation can be implemented.
When the culture medium prepared by the method is used for cultivating tricholoma matsutake, the fungus growing days are 45 days, the fruiting time is 109 days, the yield per mu is 3000 kg, and the yield is improved by 1.5 times compared with the conventional yield.
Example 4
A culture medium for cultivating tricholoma matsutake by black fungus residues comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16 parts of black fungus residues, 40 parts of rice husks, 39 parts of corncobs, 4 parts of wheat bran and 1 part of quick lime.
The culture medium for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake by using the black fungus residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting black fungus waste fungus bags which have no water retention film and have no obvious mildew or other fungus pollution, exposing the black fungus waste fungus bags in the sun until the water content of fungus sticks is less than 10%, crushing the fungus sticks into fungus residues with the diameter less than 1cm, and then exposing the fungus residues in the sun for 48 hours;
b. mixing Auricularia auricula-judae fungi residue with culture materials such as chaff, corn cob and quicklime in proportion, stacking for natural fermentation, wherein the width of the fermentation material pile is 3-3.5 m, the height is preferably 1.5-2 m, and heat is discharged by pricking thick heat discharging holes of 7-10 cm at intervals of 0.5-1 m;
c. the temperature of the pile begins to rise within 3-4 days, the heat preservation cloth can be properly covered to preserve heat when the temperature is low in winter, the temperature is kept for more than 48 hours when the temperature in the pile reaches more than 55 ℃, the pile is turned for the first time when white powdery high-temperature radioactive bacteria appear in the pile, then the pile is newly built, holes are punctured, and the pile is turned for the second time when the temperature of the pile is more than 55 ℃, and the operation is repeated;
d. checking the physical and chemical degree of the culture base material, and when the material is dark brown, a large amount of powdery white matters exist in the material, no ammonia odor and putrefactive flavor exist, and the finished product is marked by soft texture and no stickiness;
e. the fermented culture material is cooled and regulated in time to make the water content of the culture material be up to 70% -75%, the pH value of the culture base material is regulated to 6, and then when the temperature of the culture base material is reduced to below 25 deg.C, the sowing operation can be implemented.
When the culture medium prepared by the method is used for cultivating tricholoma matsutake, the fungus growing days are 45 days, the fruiting time is 98 days, the yield per mu is 3000 kg, and the yield is improved by 1.5 times compared with the conventional yield.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, but rather to the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The culture medium for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake by using the black fungus residues is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 16-76 parts of black fungus residues, 10-40 parts of rice husks, 9-39 parts of corncobs, 1-4 parts of wheat bran and 1-4 parts of quick lime.
2. The culture medium for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake by the black fungus residues as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 16-56 parts of black fungus residues, 10-30 parts of rice husks, 9-29 parts of corncobs, 1-3 parts of wheat bran and 1-3 parts of quick lime.
3. The culture medium for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake by the black fungus residues as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 36 parts of black fungus residues, 20 parts of rice husks, 19 parts of corncobs, 2 parts of wheat bran and 2 parts of quicklime.
4. The culture medium for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake by the black fungus residues as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation of the culture medium comprises the following steps:
a. selecting black fungus waste fungus bags which have no water retention film and have no obvious mildew or other fungus pollution, exposing the black fungus waste fungus bags in the sun until the water content of fungus sticks is less than 10%, crushing the fungus sticks into fungus residues with the diameter less than 1cm, and exposing the fungus residues in the sun;
b. mixing black fungus dregs with culture materials such as chaff, corncobs and quicklime according to a proportion, stacking the mixture to allow the mixture to be naturally fermented, and arranging heat discharge holes on the stacked material to discharge heat;
c. when the temperature in the material pile reaches 55-60 ℃, keeping for more than 48 h, when white powdery high-temperature radioactive bacteria appear in the material pile, turning the material pile for the 1 st time, then newly building the material pile, pricking holes, and when the material temperature is more than 55 ℃, turning the material pile for the 2 nd time;
d. checking the physical and chemical degree of the culture base material, and when the material is dark brown, a large amount of powdery white matters exist in the material, no ammonia odor and putrefactive flavor exist, and the finished product is marked by soft texture and no stickiness;
e. the water content of the culture material is complemented to 70-75%, the pH value of the culture base material is adjusted to 6-7.5, and then sowing can be carried out when the temperature of the culture base material is reduced to below 25 ℃.
5. The culture medium for cultivating the tricholoma matsutake by the black fungus residues as claimed in claim 4, wherein the waste fungus residues in the step a are exposed in the sun for more than 48 hours.
6. The medium according to claim 4, wherein the fermentation material pile in the step b is 3-3.5 m wide and 1.5-2 m high.
7. The medium according to claim 4, wherein heat discharging holes with a diameter of 7-10 cm are arranged on the stacking material every 0.5-1 m in the step b.
8. The medium for culturing the agaric mushroom dreg to cultivate the tricholoma matsutake according to the claim 4, wherein in the step c, the pile turning needs to be evenly turned up and down and inside and outside.
9. The culture medium for black fungus residue to cultivate tricholoma matsutake according to claim 4, wherein when the loss of stockpiling water before sowing is serious in step e, lime water with pH of 7-8 is used for adjustment.
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