CN112601449A - 生产包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物的机器和方法 - Google Patents

生产包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物的机器和方法 Download PDF

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CN112601449A
CN112601449A CN201980055594.7A CN201980055594A CN112601449A CN 112601449 A CN112601449 A CN 112601449A CN 201980055594 A CN201980055594 A CN 201980055594A CN 112601449 A CN112601449 A CN 112601449A
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汉肯·伊萨克·伊尔马兹
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Han KenYisakeYiermazi
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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Abstract

用于生产包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物的机器和方法，其包括位于非织造织物机器的交叉搭接部分中的种子分配机器单元。种子分配机器单元包括用于种子的至少一个花托，该至少一个花托具有用于将种子的出口调节到可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物上的分发开口。从机器的可生物降解的非织造织物生产线的方向观看，针刺部分位于交叉搭接之后，用于针刺可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物。

Description

生产包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物的机器和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及生产包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物的机器和方法。
背景技术
先前已知使用许多不同的层和步骤来制造包含种子的某些织物的方法。例如，在KR100960977中示出了一种方法，其中将预制的非织造织物层滚下到传送带上。在该预制的非织造织物层上分布有例如椰子的粗纤维(3-5mm粗细的纤维)。在其上分配种子，之后再施加第二层粗纤维。然后在顶部分配肥料。最后，将第二个预制的非织造织物层铺设在顶部，所有层都经过针刺步骤。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种有效的方法及其机器，其将生产包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物，该织物优于先前已知的包含种子的非织造织物。这种包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物将很薄，并为种子提供更多的光线，这样种子将更容易开始发芽。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种用于生产包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物的机器。其包括位于非织造织物机器的交叉搭接部分(cross-lapping portion)中的种子分配机单元。种子分配机器单元包括用于种子的至少一个花托(receptacle)，该花托具有用于将种子的出口调节到可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物(veil)上的分发开口。该机器还包括从机器的可生物降解的非织造织物生产线的方向观看时，在交叉搭接之后的针刺部分。
根据本发明的实施方式，可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物来自机器的梳理单元。
根据一个实施方式，在机器的非织造织物生产线的开始处的部分中混合至少两种不同尺寸的可生物降解纤维。因此，较小的纤维将比较大的纤维更快地恶化，从而为种子提供更多的光，但仍然具有剩余的纤维网，以将种子和芽苗保持就位。
根据一个实施方式，设置有凹槽的可旋转轴位于分发开口中，所述可旋转轴优选地处于平行于长度轴线的方向上。优选地，可旋转轴的旋转速度由电机调节，并因此控制每时间单位通过分发开口排出的种子量。
根据一个实施方式，至少两个具有分发开口的花托设置在种子分配单元中，优选地，至少一个用于种子，并且一个用于肥料。
根据一个实施方式，种子分配单元可沿横向于可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物的移动的方向在水平面内移动。因此，可以在跨越可生物降解纤维的到来的遮蔽物的宽度上调节种子的位置。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种用于生产包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物的方法。该方法包括以下步骤：生产可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物，在可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物的交叉搭接期间将种子分配在可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物的进入宽度的至少一部分上，然后将可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物针刺成包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物。
根据该方法的一个实施方式，在可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物的进入宽度的中心部分上进行种子的分配，并以合适的速度进行交叉搭接以便提供交叉搭接的可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物，其中，具有种子的进入宽度的中心部分埋入在该进入宽度的先前尾部之下和进入宽度的随后头部之上之间。因此，种子被埋入并固定在可生物降解纤维的没有种子的遮蔽物的上层和下层之间的层中。
根据一个实施方式，种子的分配能在跨越该进入宽度的方向上移位，以便实现“上搭接”，其中种子将部分地设置在最终的可生物降解的非织造织物的上侧，或者“下搭接”，其中种子将部分地设置在最终的可生物降解的非织造织物的底侧。如果提供“上搭接”，则种子的一部分将不会被埋在没有种子的可生物降解纤维遮蔽物的上层的下方，并且较敞开平放的种子将通过非织造织物更容易生长。例如，这适合于圆形叶子上生长的种子。如果相反提供“下搭接”，则种子的一部分将定位在具有两层可生物降解纤维且在其上方没有种子的遮蔽物的最低层中，这可能更适合于长出尖叶的种子类型，其可以开槽穿过非织造织物中的纤维层。
根据一个实施方式，首先进行两种尺寸的可生物降解纤维的混合。优选地，在混合之后进行梳理步骤。
根据一个实施方式，在针刺之前，执行以下步骤：将用于使例如蜗牛和虫子保持远离的香料喷到可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物上。
根据一个实施方式，在交叉搭接期间也分配肥料。
附图说明
现在将参考附图更详细地描述本发明，其中
图1示出了用于生产包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物的机器的实施方式。
图2示出了非织造机器的交叉搭接部分的实施方式。
图3a和3b分别示出了种子分配机器单元的花托的实施方式和细节。
图4示出了种子分配机器单元的实施方式。
图5示出了具有种子分配机器单元的实施方式的交叉搭接部分的实施方式。
具体实施方式
在图1中，示出了整个机器1的实施方式的示意图，然而所有示出的部件对于本发明不是必需的。权利要求给出了本发明的范围。机器1用于生产可生物降解的非织造织物，并且具有添加的种子分配机器单元2，其位于非织造织物机器1的交叉搭接部分3处，以及针刺部分4，在机器1的可生物降解的非织造织物生产线5的方向上观看时，针刺部分4位于交叉搭接部分3之后。这种机器1称为TurfQuickTM机器。
优选地，机器1在其开始处具有用于不同尺寸的可生物降解纤维的混合器6。对于最终产品有利的是，包含种子18的可生物降解的非织造织物，由至少两种不同尺寸的可生物降解纤维制成。因此，最小的纤维将比较大的纤维更快地恶化，从而为种子的萌发打开了大门。优选地，纤维是粘胶纤维，然而它当然可以与其他可生物降解纤维(如其他纤维素纤维或其他可生物降解)一起构思。纤维的尺寸可以在厚度介于0.5-7.0分特之间的区间中且长度介于20-70mm之间的区间中。尽管优选绿色、棕色和白色，但是可以使用任何颜色的纤维。
优选地在非织造机器1的梳理部分中进行梳理步骤7，以便梳理混合的纤维。此后，可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物8(也见图2)将行进至非织造机器1的交叉搭接部分3。在交叉搭接期间，可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物8将从进入方向改变90度至横向方向，在图2和5中更详细地示出。因此，当遮蔽物8已经被交叉搭接在沿横向方向移动的输送机11上时，进入遮蔽物8的面对交叉搭接部分的外出方向的一侧9将变成头侧10。根据这一点，当遮蔽物8已经被交叉搭接在沿横向方向移动的输送机11上时，背离外出的交叉搭接的遮蔽物的方向的一侧12将变成尾侧13。
种子将在非织造机器1的交叉搭接部分3处分配。种子可以在可能的梳理部分7之后进入交叉搭接部分的途中，但是优选在交叉搭接部分3上或交叉搭接部分3中。根据一个优选实施方式，种子分配机单元2定位于交叉搭接部分3的上方，并且包括至少一个以透视变型示出的用于种子的花托14，该花托具有用于分发开口15，该分发开口15用于将种子的出口调节地到可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物8上，见图3a。种子具有小的脊状突起和刺尖，它们会钩在细纤维上，使得种子保留在可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物中。如果纤维太粗或纤维已经被针刺形成非织造织物，则这是不可能的。
种子分配机单元2可以具有另外的花托14，例如用于肥料或不同类型的种子，例如花种，见图4。例如，花托的数量可以是1、2、3或4个。每个花托14优选地是具有从一端延伸到另一端的出口的长方形，使得出口15可以沿一定距离散布种子或肥料。优选地，该开口或距离或多或少地垂直于进入的可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物8。开口15可以设置有可旋转轴16，该可旋转轴16优选地在平行于可旋转轴16的长度轴线的方向上设置有凹槽17，参见图3b获得带有凹槽17的可旋转轴16的细节。显然，也可以构思其他类型的调节出口开口。
可旋转轴16位于分发开口15中，优选地非常靠近开口15，以使得当可旋转轴16旋转时，只有位于凹槽17中的种子可以通过开口15掉出，因此凹槽17从开口15中出来。通过电机(未示出)可以调节可旋转轴16的旋转速度，并因此控制每时间单位通过分发开口15排出的种子的量。与可生物降解纤维8的进入遮蔽物的速度调节相结合的该调节将在包含种子18的最终可生物降解的非织造织物中得到每平方米的种子量。优选地，种子的量为3-50g/m2。种子分配机单元2可沿垂直于可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物8移动的方向在水平面内移动。
在交叉搭接3期间，种子分配机单元将种子分配在可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物8的进入宽度的至少一部分上。优选地，种子定位于可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物8的进入宽度的中心部分21上。根据一个实施方式，居中布置的宽度的三分之一设有种子。如果交叉搭接以适当的速度延伸，则可以提供可生物降解纤维8的交叉搭接的遮蔽物，其中具有种子的进入宽度的中心部分埋入在进入宽度的先前尾部23(之下)和进入宽度的随后头部22(之上)之间。
为了获得最终产品18，该产品对于具有圆形叶片或对面非常尖的叶片的种子来说比普通种子更优，可以在跨越可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物8的进入宽度方向上使种子分配机单元2移位，参见图4中的箭头，以实现“上搭接”，其中由于更靠近头部22的种子的移位，种子将至少部分地设置在最终的可生物降解的非织造织物18的上侧，使得随后的头部22不会完全覆盖种子部分。
在种子分配机器单元2朝着尾侧23的相反移位中，提供了“下搭接”，其中由于更靠近尾部23的种子的移位，种子将至少部分地被设置在最终的可生物降解的非织造织物18的下侧上，使得先前的尾部部分23将不会完全覆盖种子部分。在生产包含种子18的最终的可生物降解的非织造织物的“上搭接”和“下搭接”模式中，都可以分别将种子分配在位于头部22中的宽度的第三部分中，以及将种子分配在位于尾部23中的第三部分中。图4中的箭头示出了种子分配机单元2如何在可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物8的整个宽度上移位。代替使种子分配机单元2横向于遮蔽物8的宽度的移位，可以具有花托14，该花托14具有的长度达到遮蔽物8的整个宽度，并且设有内壁以界定将种子或肥料分配到遮蔽物的哪个部分上(未示出)。
优选地，将可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物8喷有香料，该香料用于例如使蜗牛和虫子远离最终产品。例如，这可以通过在针刺之前设置在臂上的至少一个喷嘴19来执行，参见图5。当遮蔽物8已经被交叉搭接时，其厚度可能为15cm，并且可能优选在压力机20中压缩遮蔽物8。在该压力机20中，遮蔽物可以压成例如大约5cm的厚度。在针刺部分4中，针将可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物8转变成例如具有1-3mm厚度的非织造织物。此后，例如将最终的可生物降解的非织造织物18卷成卷24以分配给购买者。
因此，可以在同一台机器中一次生产包含种子的薄的、轻便的可生物降解的非织造织物，而无需许多不同的步骤和不同的进入的预制层。这种包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物将在10周左右的时间内腐烂。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于生产包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物的非织造织物机器，其特征在于，其包括交叉搭接部分和位于所述非织造织物机器的交叉搭接部分中的种子分配机器单元，其中，所述种子分配机器单元包括用于种子的至少一个花托，所述至少一个花托具有用于将种子的出口调节到可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物上的分发开口，所述种子分配单元能够沿横向于所述可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物的移动的方向在水平面内移动，并且从所述机器的所述可生物降解的非织造织物生产线的方向观看，所述非织造织物机器包括位于所述交叉搭接之后的针刺部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机器，其中，所述可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物来自所述机器的梳理单元。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的机器，其中，定位于所述机器的所述非织造织物生产线的开始处的混合器能够混合至少两种不同尺寸的可生物降解纤维。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的机器，其中，优选地在平行于长度轴线的方向上设置有凹槽的可旋转轴位于所述分发开口中。
5.根据权利要求4所述的机器，其中，所述可旋转轴的旋转速度由电机调节，从而控制每时间单位通过所述分发开口排出的种子的量。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的机器，其中，具有分发开口的至少两个花托设置在所述种子分配单元中，优选地，至少一个用于种子，并且一个用于肥料。
7.一种用于生产包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物的方法，其特征在于，生产可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物，在所述可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物的交叉搭接期间将种子分配在所述可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物的进入宽度的至少一部分上，然后将可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物针刺成包含种子的可生物降解的非织造织物，从而在所述可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物的所述进入宽度的中心部分上进行种子的分配，并以合适的速度进行交叉搭接以便提供交叉搭接的可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物，其中，具有种子的所述进入宽度的中心部分埋入在所述进入宽度的先前尾部下方和进入宽度的随后头部上方之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中，种子的分配能够在跨越所述进入宽度的方向上移位，以便实现上搭接，其中，所述种子将部分地设置在最终的可生物降解的非织造织物的上侧，或者实现下搭接，其中，所述种子将部分地设置在最终的可生物降解的非织造织物的下侧。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其中，首先进行两种尺寸的可生物降解纤维的混合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，在所述混合之后进行梳理步骤。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，在针刺之前，执行以下步骤：将用于使例如蜗牛和虫子保持远离的香料喷洒到所述可生物降解纤维的遮蔽物上。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，在所述交叉搭接期间也分配肥料。
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