CN112552509B - 低泡抗菌表面活性剂、含其的洗碗机清洁片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
低泡抗菌表面活性剂、含其的洗碗机清洁片及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112552509B CN112552509B CN202011501213.4A CN202011501213A CN112552509B CN 112552509 B CN112552509 B CN 112552509B CN 202011501213 A CN202011501213 A CN 202011501213A CN 112552509 B CN112552509 B CN 112552509B
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- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
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Abstract
本申请涉及一种低泡抗菌表面活性剂,其为经过改性的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚或者经过改性的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚,所述改性包括对所述脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚或者脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚进行烷基化改性和季铵化改性。本申请还涉及一种源自如上所述的低泡抗菌表面活性剂的洗碗机清洁片及其制备方法。本文所述的新型表面活性剂以烷基封端,从而具有较好的消泡性能,且因为含有季铵化结构,所以同时还具有抑菌效果,使得制备的洗碗机清洁片具有良好的低泡抗菌性能。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及有机化学和日用化工品技术领域,具体涉及一种具有低泡抗菌功能的表面活性剂以及包含该表面活性剂的洗碗机清洁片。
背景技术
伴随着科学技术的进步,人们对生活品质的要求不断提高。自动洗碗机由于操作简单、使用方便快捷的优点,而且具有清洗、消毒、烘干和贮存等多种功能,已经在越来越多的家庭得到了普及应用。常见的洗碗机洗涤程序分为预洗、主洗、漂洗和烘干四步程序。与液体清洁剂、粉末清洁剂相比较,片状的清洁片因可以在水中缓释且添加便捷更适用于洗碗机。
表面活性剂是洗碗机清洁片主要有效成分之一,其起到对油渍污物进行乳化分散的作用,表面活性剂的性能决定了清洁片的洗涤清洁效果。目前市面上传统用于厨房洗涤的表面活性剂以液体为主,不适于固体清洁片的制备。而少量的固体表面活性剂在使用中会产生大量的泡沫且泡沫不易消除,用于清洁片中会增加洗碗机的水用量,不利于节能环保。
此外,由于洗碗机中部分管线、器件的封闭性,在洗涤过程中部分的脂肪、蛋白质等有机污物残留,易滋生细菌。为此还需在清洁片中添加诸如过碳酸钠等具有氧化性的抗菌剂。氧化性物质的引入在湿热的洗碗机内易对金属、橡胶器件造成氧化腐蚀,会降低洗碗机的使用寿命。
为此,本领域持续需要开发一种具有低泡抗菌功能的表面活性剂以及包含该表面活性剂的洗碗机清洁片。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种具有低泡抗菌功能的表面活性剂,从而解决上述现有技术中存在的上述技术问题。
本申请之目的还在于提供一种低泡抗菌表面活性剂的制备方法。
本申请之目的还在于提供一种包含如上所述的低泡抗菌表面活性剂的洗碗机清洁片。
本申请之目的还在意提供一种如上所述的洗碗机清洁片的制备方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本申请提供下述技术方案。
在第一方面中,本申请提供一种低泡抗菌表面活性剂,其特征在于,所述低泡抗菌表面活性剂为经过改性的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚或者经过改性的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚,所述改性包括对所述脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚或者脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚进行烷基化改性和季铵化改性。
在第三方面的一种实施方式中,所述低泡抗菌表面活性剂具有以下由下述通式(1)或者通式(2)所示的结构:
在通式(1)中,R为C18H37或者C12H25,n为15~50之间的任意正整数,X为Cl;
在通式(2)中,R为C18H37或者C12H25,a为15~50之间的任意正整数,b为2~10之间的任意正整数,X为Cl。
在第二方面中,本申请提供一种如上所述的低泡抗菌表面活性剂的制备方法,所述方法包括对脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚或者脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚进行烷基化改性和季铵化改性。
在第三方面中,本申请提供一种洗碗机清洁片,其特征在于,所述洗碗机清洁片包含如第一方面所述的低泡抗菌表面活性剂。
在第三方面的一种实施方式中,以重量份数为基准计,所述洗碗机清洁片包含以下组分:
在第三方面的一种实施方式中,以重量份数为基准计,所述洗碗机清洁片还包括:
植物香精 0.1-0.5份。
在第三方面的一种实施方式中,所述酸性试剂一种或多种具有1~10的pKa的有机酸、无机酸、有机酸盐及衍生物、无机酸盐及衍生物中的至少一种,优选地为单质子酸、双质子酸、三质子酸、单羧酸或多元羧酸中的至少一种,更优选地为柠檬酸、己二酸、戊二酸、3-酮戊二酸、柠苹酸、酒石酸、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、丙二酸的至少一种;
所述碱性试剂为碳酸盐或者碳酸氢盐,优选为碳酸氢盐。
在第三方面的一种实施方式中,所述填充剂为元明粉;
所述阻垢剂为丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物;
所述崩解剂为交联聚维酮。
在第三方面的一种实施方式中,所述粘合剂为聚乙二醇,其数均分子量为600-10000;
所述软水剂为乙二胺四乙酸二钠;
所述引湿剂为氯化钠。
在第三方面的一种实施方式中,以重量份数为基准计,所述洗碗机清洁片包含以下组分:15份经过改性的月桂胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚,2份碳酸氢钠,2份柠檬酸,20份元明粉,10份丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物,1份交联聚维酮,5份PEG10000,2份乙二胺四乙酸二钠,3份氯化钠以及0.1份植物香精。
在第三方面的一种实施方式中,以重量份数为基准计,所述洗碗机清洁片包含以下组分:10份经过改性的季铵化牛脂胺聚氧乙烯醚,6份碳酸氢钠,9份柠檬酸,10份元明粉,5份丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物,3份交联聚维酮,1份PEG10000,0.5份乙二胺四乙酸二钠,0.5份氯化钠以及0.1份植物香精;
在第三方面的一种实施方式中,以重量份数为基准计,所述洗碗机清洁片包含以下组分:20份经过改性的季铵化牛脂胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚,10份碳酸氢钠,20份柠檬酸,5份元明粉,1份丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物,5份交联聚维酮,4份PEG10000,5份乙二胺四乙酸二钠,8份氯化钠以及0.5份植物香精。
在该实施方式中,所述改性包括对所述脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚或者脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚进行烷基化改性和季铵化改性。
在第四方面中,本申请提供一种如第三方面所述的洗碗机清洁片的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括均匀混合如权利第一方面所述的低泡抗菌表面活性剂与碱、酸、填充剂、阻垢剂、崩解剂、粘合剂、软水剂、引湿剂和任选的植物香精,经过压片后制得所述洗碗机清洁片。
与现有技术相比,本发明的积极效果在于:本文所述的新型表面活性剂以烷基封端,从而具有较好的消泡性能,且因为含有季铵化结构,所以同时还具有抑菌效果,使得制备的洗碗机清洁片具有良好的低泡抗菌性能。
具体实施方式
除非另有说明、从上下文暗示或属于现有技术的惯例,否则本申请中所有的份数和百分比都基于重量,且所用的测试和表征方法都是与本申请的提交日期同步的。在适用的情况下,本申请中涉及的任何专利、专利申请或公开的内容全部结合于此作为参考,且其等价的同族专利也引入作为参考,特别这些文献所披露的关于本领域中的合成技术、产物和加工设计、聚合物、共聚单体、引发剂或催化剂等的定义。如果现有技术中披露的具体术语的定义与本申请中提供的任何定义不一致,则以本申请中提供的术语定义为准。
本申请中的数字范围是近似值,因此除非另有说明,否则其可包括范围以外的数值。数值范围包括以1个单位增加的从下限值到上限值的所有数值,条件是在任意较低值与任意较高值之间存在至少2个单位的间隔。例如,如果记载组分、物理或其它性质(如分子量,熔体指数等)是100至1000,意味着明确列举了所有的单个数值,例如100,101,102等,以及所有的子范围,例如100到166,155到170,198到200等。对于包含小于1的数值或者包含大于1的分数(例如1.1,1.5等)的范围,则适当地将1个单位看作0.0001,0.001,0.01或者0.1。对于包含小于10(例如1到5)的个位数的范围,通常将1个单位看作0.1。这些仅仅是想要表达的内容的具体示例,并且所列举的最低值与最高值之间的数值的所有可能的组合都被认为清楚记载在本申请中。还应指出,本文中的术语“第一”、“第二”等不限定先后顺序,只是为了区分不同结构的物质。
关于化学化合物使用时,除非明确地说明,否则单数包括所有的异构形式,反之亦然(例如,“己烷”单独地或共同地包括己烷的全部异构体)。另外,除非明确地说明,否则用“一个”,“一种”或“该”形容的名词也包括其复数形式。
术语“包含”,“包括”,“具有”以及它们的派生词不排除任何其它的组分、步骤或过程的存在,且与这些其它的组分、步骤或过程是否在本申请中披露无关。为消除任何疑问,除非明确说明,否则本申请中所有使用术语“包含”,“包括”,或“具有”的组合物可以包含任何附加的添加剂、辅料或化合物。相反,除了对操作性能所必要的那些,术语“基本上由……组成”将任何其他组分、步骤或过程排除在任何该术语下文叙述的范围之外。术语“由……组成”不包括未具体描述或列出的任何组分、步骤或过程。除非明确说明,否则术语“或”指列出的单独成员或其任何组合。
在第一方面中,本申请提供一种具有低泡抗菌功能的表面活性剂。本申请提供还提供一种包含该表面活性剂的具有低泡抗菌功能的洗碗机清洁片,将其应用于洗碗机中。
本发明提供的技术方案与现有技术相比,采用卤代甲烷例如氯甲烷或者溴甲烷对经过特殊结构设计的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚或者脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚进行改性,制备得到用于清洁片的低泡抗菌表面活性剂。改性后的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚或者脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚末端羟基被甲基取代,可有效减少泡沫的产生。同时,脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚或者脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚中的叔胺经卤代甲烷季铵化后生成具有抗菌性的经过改性的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚或者脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚。
然后经后处理除掉过量的钠盐,得到低泡抗菌的改性季胺化脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚,再将该低泡抗菌表面活性剂与螯合剂、缓冲剂、阻垢剂、植物香精、粘合剂PEG10000、引湿剂氯化钠等添加剂进行充分搅拌混合,混合均匀后再经压片后制得洗碗机清洁片。
在一种实施方式中,所述的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚为牛脂胺聚氧乙烯醚或月桂胺聚氧乙烯醚,其结构通式为:
其中,R为C18H37、C12H25中的一种;n为15~50之间的任意正整数。
在一种实施方式中,所述的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚为牛脂胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚或月桂胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚,其结构通式为:
其中,R为C18H37、C12H25中的一种;a为15~50之间的任意正整数,b为2~10。
在一种实施方式中,所述的改性经过改性的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯醚,其结构通式为:
其中,R为C18H37、C12H25中的一种;n为20~50之间的任意正整数。
在一种实施方式中,所述的改性经过改性的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚,其结构通式为:
其中,R为C18H37、C12H25中的一种;a为20~50之间的任意正整数,b为2~10。
在一种优选的实施方式中,所述的洗碗机清洁片原料质量配比如下:
改性经过改性的脂肪胺聚氧乙烯/聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚:10~20份;
碳酸氢钠:2~10份;
柠檬酸:2~20份;
元明粉:5~20份;
丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物:1~10份;
交联聚维酮:1~5份;
PEG10000:1~5份;
乙二胺四乙酸二钠:0.5~5份;
氯化钠:0.5~8份;
植物香精:0.1~0.5份。
在不违背本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明中的百分比为各成分占原料总量的质量百分比。
实施例
下面将结合本申请的实施例,对本申请的技术方案进行清楚和完整的描述。如无特别说明,所用的试剂和原材料都可通过商业途径购买。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
在下述实施例中,元明粉市售大宗标准产品;丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物购自山东泰和水处理科技有限公司;交联聚维酮购自穗泰科技;植物香精购自江门市花芸雅香料有限公司的玫瑰香精;PEG10000为上海东大化学自产。
合成实施例
实施例一
(1)向高温高压釜内依次加入184g月桂胺、21.3g甲醇钠,搅拌溶解后升温至90~110℃,抽真空1h除甲醇。继续升温至130~140℃,在-0.1MPa下通入4400g环氧乙烷进行反应,反应温度控制在130~150℃、压力控制在0.1~0.3MPa。环氧乙烷反应完毕后熟化1h后,继续通入580g环氧丙烷反应,反应温度控制在110~120℃、压力控制在0.1~0.3MPa,环氧丙烷反应完毕后再熟化1h。然后在-0.1MPa下脱气30min;脱气完成后降温至65~75℃,再加入60g甲醇钠,搅拌溶解后,在-0.1MPa下脱气2h,然后继续通入191.9g氯甲烷,在0.1~0.3MPa反应10h后,升温至90~100℃、-0.1MPa下脱气30min;脱气结束后加入75g磷酸、150g水、12g硅藻土、12g硅酸镁铝搅拌均匀后,在90~110℃、-0.08~-0.1MPa脱水后处理,至水分小于0.1%后过滤除盐得到改性季铵化月桂胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚。
(2)按表1中实施例一配比,将上述改性季铵化月桂胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚与碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸、元明粉、丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物、交联聚维酮、PEG10000、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、氯化钠、植物香精充分搅拌混合,再经压片后制得洗碗机清洁片。
实施例二
(1)向高温高压釜内依次加入264g牛脂胺、17.6g甲醇钠,搅拌溶解后升温至90~110℃,抽真空1h除甲醇。继续升温至130~140℃,在-0.1MPa下通入2200g环氧乙烷进行反应,反应温度控制在130~150℃、压力控制在0.1~0.3MPa。环氧乙烷反应完毕后熟化1h,然后在-0.1MPa下脱气30min;脱气完成后降温至65~75℃,再加入70g甲醇钠,搅拌溶解后,在-0.1MPa下脱气2h,然后继续通入176.8g氯甲烷,在0.1~0.3MPa反应8h后,升温至90~100℃、-0.1MPa下脱气30min;脱气结束后加入32g磷酸、80g水、5g硅藻土、5g硅酸镁铝搅拌均匀后,在90~110℃、-0.08~-0.1MPa脱水后处理,至水分小于0.1%后过滤除盐得到改性季铵化牛脂胺聚氧乙烯醚。
(2)按表1中实施例二配比,将上述改性季铵化牛脂胺聚氧乙烯醚与碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸、元明粉、丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物、交联聚维酮、PEG10000、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、氯化钠、植物香精充分搅拌混合,再经压片后制得洗碗机清洁片。
实施例三
(1)向高温高压釜内依次加入264g牛脂胺、15.3g甲醇钠,搅拌溶解后升温至90~110℃,抽真空1h除甲醇。继续升温至130~140℃,在-0.1MPa下通入1320g环氧乙烷进行反应,反应温度控制在130~150℃、压力控制在0.1~0.3MPa;环氧乙烷反应完毕后熟化1h后,继续通入116g环氧丙烷反应,反应温度控制在110~120℃、压力控制在0.1~0.3MPa,环氧丙烷反应完毕后再熟化1h;然后在-0.1MPa下脱气30min;脱气完成后降温至65~75℃,再加入73g甲醇钠,搅拌溶解后,在-0.1MPa下脱气3h,然后继续通入173g氯甲烷,在0.1~0.3MPa反应9h后,升温至90~100℃、-0.1MPa下脱气30min;脱气结束后加入29g磷酸、680g水、6g硅藻土、6g硅酸镁铝搅拌均匀后,在90~110℃、-0.08~-0.1MPa脱水后处理,至水分小于0.1%后过滤除盐得到改性季铵化牛脂胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚。
(2)按表1中实施例三配比,将上述改性季铵化牛脂胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚与碳酸氢钠、柠檬酸、元明粉、丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物、交联聚维酮、PEG10000、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、氯化钠、植物香精充分搅拌混合,再经压片后制得洗碗机清洁片。
效果实施例
将实施例一、实施例二和实施例三制备得到的洗碗机清洁片与市售清洁片(型号:亮洁,LARGE)使用同一洗碗机、同一洗涤程序对日常家居餐盘进行洗涤;对洗涤后的漂洗液参照标准《WS/T 650-2019》进行悬液定量抑菌试验,测试不同清洁片的抗菌效果。同时,参照标准《GB/T 1313.6-2000》每种清洁片取2.5g进行洗涤剂发泡力的测定(Ross-Miles法)测定不同清洁片的起泡性能。
表1不同清洁片配方及应用性能对比。
由表1可知,实施例一、施例二、施例三清洁片漂洗液的抑菌率剂均优于市售产品,实施例一、施例二抑菌率≥50%~90%,具有抑菌效果。实施例三抑菌率可达91%,具有较强抑菌效果。
此外,实施例一、施例二、施例三清洁片水溶液泡沫高度均小于市售产品,表明实施例一、施例二、施例三的洗碗机清洁片具有较好的低泡性能。
上述对实施例的描述是为了便于本技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本申请。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其它实施例中而不必付出创造性的劳动。因此,本申请不限于这里的实施例,本领域技术人员根据本申请披露的内容,在不脱离本申请范围和精神的情况下做出的改进和修改都本申请的范围之内。
Claims (11)
2.一种洗碗机清洁片,其特征在于,所述洗碗机清洁片包含如权利要求1所述的低泡抗菌表面活性剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的洗碗机清洁片,其特征在于,以重量份数为基准计,所述洗碗机清洁片包含以下组分:
低泡抗菌表面活性剂 10-20份;
碱性试剂 2-10份;
酸性试剂 2-20份;
填充剂 5-20份;
阻垢剂 1-10份;
崩解剂 1-5份;
粘合剂 1-5份;
软水剂 0.5-5份;
引湿剂 0.5-8份。
4.如权利要求3所述的洗碗机清洁片,其特征在于,以重量份数为基准计,所述洗碗机清洁片还包括:
植物香精 0.1-0.5份。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的洗碗机清洁片,其特征在于,所述酸性试剂一种或多种具有1~10的pKa的有机酸、无机酸、有机酸盐及衍生物、无机酸盐及衍生物中的至少一种;
所述碱性试剂为碳酸盐或者碳酸氢盐。
6.如权利要求5所述的洗碗机清洁片,其特征在于,所述酸性试剂为单质子酸、双质子酸、三质子酸、单羧酸或多元羧酸中的至少一种;
所述碱性试剂为碳酸氢盐。
7.如权利要求6所述的洗碗机清洁片,其特征在于,所述酸性试剂为柠檬酸、己二酸、戊二酸、3-酮戊二酸、柠苹酸、酒石酸、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、丙二酸的至少一种。
8.如权利要求3或4所述的洗碗机清洁片,其特征在于,所述填充剂为元明粉;
所述阻垢剂为丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物;
所述崩解剂为交联聚维酮。
9.如权利要求3或4所述的洗碗机清洁片,其特征在于,所述粘合剂为聚乙二醇,其数均分子量为600-10000;
所述软水剂为乙二胺四乙酸二钠;
所述引湿剂为氯化钠。
10.如权利要求4所述的洗碗机清洁片,其特征在于,以重量份数为基准计,所述洗碗机清洁片包含以下组分:
15份经过改性的月桂胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚,2份碳酸氢钠,2份柠檬酸,20份元明粉,10份丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物,1份交联聚维酮,5份PEG10000,2份乙二胺四乙酸二钠,3份氯化钠以及0.1份植物香精;
或者,
10份经过改性的季铵化牛脂胺聚氧乙烯醚,6份碳酸氢钠,9份柠檬酸,10份元明粉,5份丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物,3份交联聚维酮,1份PEG10000,0.5份乙二胺四乙酸二钠,0.5份氯化钠以及0.1份植物香精;
或者,
20份经过改性的季铵化牛脂胺聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚,10份碳酸氢钠,20份柠檬酸,5份元明粉,1份丙烯酸/马来酸共聚物,5份交联聚维酮,4份PEG10000,5份乙二胺四乙酸二钠,8份氯化钠以及0.5份植物香精。
11.一种如权利要求4所述的洗碗机清洁片的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括均匀混合如权利要求1所述的低泡抗菌表面活性剂与碱、酸、填充剂、阻垢剂、崩解剂、粘合剂、软水剂、引湿剂和任选的植物香精,经过压片后制得所述洗碗机清洁片。
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