CN112552116A - Rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112552116A CN112552116A CN202011565906.XA CN202011565906A CN112552116A CN 112552116 A CN112552116 A CN 112552116A CN 202011565906 A CN202011565906 A CN 202011565906A CN 112552116 A CN112552116 A CN 112552116A
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- rice
- parts
- lodging
- weight
- fertilizer
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
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- 238000009328 dry farming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title abstract description 13
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer, which comprises the following components: 10-350 parts of aminobutyric acid; 15-100 parts by weight of alginic acid; 80-200 parts of sugar alcohol; 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of methyl salicylate; 0.1-10 parts by weight of sulfadimidine; 5-10 parts by weight of lignosulfonate; 0.1-20 parts by weight of beta-1, 3-oligoglucan; and water is used for supplementing the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer to 1000 parts by weight. Compared with the prior art, the fertilizer provided by the invention acts on the dry rice leaves, can be quickly absorbed by the dry rice, can be quickly transported in crop conduits and sieve tubes, and can be quickly transferred to specific organs required by the growth and development of the dry rice; the invention can not only fully meet the requirement of rice on phosphorus and potassium nutrients, but also promote the root system of the upland rice to be pricked, adjust the opening and closing of air holes, reduce the transpiration effect and strengthen the strength and the flexibility of the stems, the stalks and the leaves of the rice, thereby saving water and improving the lodging resistance of the rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer processing, and particularly relates to a rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rice is one of important grain crops in China, and the stable and high yield of the rice is vital to guarantee the grain safety in China. With the rapid development of social economy, a large amount of rural high-quality labor force is transferred to cities and towns, and a mechanized, light and simplified rice planting mode is deeply favored by farmers. The rice dry farming is gradually popularized with the advantages of fresh water resource saving, land resource reasonable utilization, convenience for mechanized production, labor intensity reduction, weight reduction and drug reduction, and contribution to green production.
Actively responding to the national call, and realizing the concept of saving water, benefiting mankind, and benefiting the modern times and the work in the thousand autumn. The rice is directly sown in the condition of dry land preparation, the whole growth period mainly depends on natural precipitation, and water is only supplemented properly in the critical period of water demand or in drought. The water consumption for conventional cultivation of rice is 12000-15000 cubic meters per hectare, 2 cubic meters need to be irrigated for producing 1kg of paddy, only 0.5 cubic meter needs to be supplemented with water for producing 1kg of paddy in dry farming, and the water utilization rate is improved by about 3 times.
The rice dry farming is beneficial to reasonably utilizing land resources, is more suitable for modern large-scale mechanized operation by carrying out the rice dry farming in a large area, and can reduce the labor intensity and save fertilizers and seedling beds by adopting a rice dry farming cultivation mode under the large development background of current intelligent agriculture and modern agriculture. In the past, low-lying areas are prone to waterlogging, mountainous infiltrated fields cannot be reasonably utilized, and dry crops such as corn and the like are planted all the year round, so that the yield is low, and even the crops are harvested absolutely. If the dry farming production of rice is developed, not only can the low yield be increased and the economic benefit be greatly improved, but also the effect of animal-based discharge can be played in summer, which is beneficial to protecting underground water resources. In addition, the land where rice is planted is low and unstable in yield, and the land where rice is planted is relatively low in yield and unstable, so that the yield of rice can be increased, the cost can be reduced, and the economic benefit can be increased. In addition, the rice dry farming can be intercropped with various dry crops (grains, feeds, channels, fruits, vegetables, trees and the like) and intercropped with each other, the yield per unit area and the land utilization rate are improved, a dry land three-dimensional planting structure is established, the rice farming space is expanded, and a new way is added for the production of fine grains.
The occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced in the dry farming process of the rice, the pesticide application is obviously reduced, and the rice quality and the taste can be improved. With the improvement of agricultural supply side structures and the implementation of a rural joyful plan, the demand of the market on high-quality rice is increased rapidly, the current concept of the high-quality rice not only requires good rice quality, but also requires that pesticide residues meet the requirements, so that the pest control in the cultivation process needs to use less pesticide or no pesticide as much as possible, the traditional rice planting mode has serious pest and weed damage under the water condition, the excessive pesticide application in the production process of farmers causes serious pesticide residues with good quality, and the pesticide residue detection and report of the rice sold in the market are started at present, so that the pesticide application in the production process needs to be strictly controlled. The dry farming of the rice has no water layer in the full growth period, so that the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced, the use of chemical drugs is reduced, and the rice dry farming has a great market prospect.
The dry farming of the rice is beneficial to increasing the benefits and income of farmers. Compared with transplanted rice, the dry farming of the rice reduces the seedling raising cost by about 800 yuan/hectare, and the pure benefit is similar to that of the transplanted rice. The yield of the corn high-yield field per mu can reach about 1850 jin, the market price is calculated according to 0.86 yuan/jin, and the hectare income is 1591 yuan. The yield per mu of the dry farming of the rice can reach about 800 jin under the conventional management, the yield per hectare is about 2400 yuan, and the yield is increased by about 50 percent compared with the yield of the corn. In addition, the straw of the dry farming rice is good forage grass for livestock, and can also be used as a straw curtain, a straw rope and the like, thereby increasing the income of the subsidiary industry.
However, in the actual production of rice, lodging often occurs, especially under the action of strong wind and strong rain, stalks are more prone to lodging, the yield is generally reduced by 10% -30%, meanwhile, harvesting and threshing are inconvenient, the loss rate of rice is increased, and the yield is limited to be improved. Therefore, lodging is an important limiting factor for high and stable yield of rice. At present, some rice lodging-resistant fertilizers also exist in the market, but the components of the fertilizers contain more chemical reagents, so that the production cost is higher, and residues are easy to accumulate in soil to cause soil pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer with low production cost and good lodging-resistant effect and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer, which comprises the following components:
and water is used for supplementing the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer to 1000 parts by weight.
Preferably, the detergent also comprises 5-25 parts by weight of citric acid.
Preferably, the fertilizer also comprises 100-200 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate.
Preferably, the EDTA chelate trace element also comprises 10-50 parts by weight of EDTA.
Preferably, the EDTA chelated trace elements are EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated copper, EDTA chelated zinc and EDTA chelated calcium, and the content of each component in the rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer is not less than 2 parts by weight.
Preferably, the detergent also comprises 1-10 parts by weight of a surfactant.
Preferably, the lignosulfonate is potassium lignosulfonate; the surfactant is tween 80.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
and water is used for supplementing the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer to 1000 parts by weight.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1) dissolving sugar alcohol in water, and then adding aminobutyric acid and alginic acid to obtain a solution A;
dissolving beta-1, 3-oligoglucan in water, and then adding methyl salicylate and sulfadimidine to obtain a solution B;
s2) mixing the solution A and the solution B, then adding lignosulfonate, and then adding water to complement to 1000 parts by weight, so as to obtain the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer.
Preferably, the pH value of the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer is 5.5-6.5.
The invention provides a rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer, which comprises the following components: 10-350 parts of aminobutyric acid; 15-100 parts by weight of alginic acid; 80-200 parts of sugar alcohol; 0.1-0.2 parts by weight of methyl salicylate; 0.1-10 parts by weight of sulfadimidine; 5-10 parts by weight of lignosulfonate; 0.1-20 parts by weight of beta-1, 3-oligoglucan; and water is used for supplementing the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer to 1000 parts by weight. Compared with the prior art, the fertilizer has the advantages that multiple raw materials which are not antagonistic to each other, are environment-friendly, are easy to degrade and are relatively low in cost are combined comprehensively to prepare the fertilizer which is high in stability and good in mixing property, acts on the leaves of the upland rice, can be quickly absorbed by the upland rice, can be quickly transported in crop ducts and sieve tubes, and is quickly transferred to specific organs required by growth and development of the upland rice, and is safer than common chemical lodging-resistant agents.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer, which comprises the following components:
and water is used for supplementing the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer to 1000 parts by weight.
The present invention is not particularly limited in terms of the source of all raw materials, and may be commercially available.
The content of aminobutyric acid in the dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer for rice is preferably 50-300 parts by weight, more preferably 50-250 parts by weight, still more preferably 100-200 parts by weight, and most preferably 100-150 parts by weight. The aminobutyric acid can induce the plant to generate various physiological characters such as disease resistance, salt resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance and the like, and can also participate in the ways of cyanogen respiration resistance and non-phosphorylation of plant cell mitochondria, so that the metabolic level of jasmonic acid in the plant is improved, the strength and flexibility of the rice stem, stalk and leaf are enhanced, and the lodging resistance of the rice is improved. In the present invention, the aminobutyric acid is preferably gamma-aminobutyric acid.
The content of alginic acid is preferably 30 to 80 parts by weight, more preferably 40 to 60 parts by weight, and still more preferably 50 parts by weight. Alginic acid contains abundant substances such as indoleacetic acid, butyric acid, naphthylacetic acid, algal polysaccharide and the like, and can promote the root system of the upland rice to grow along the gravity by matching with substances such as sugar alcohol, methyl salicylate, xylooligosaccharide, aminobutyric acid and the like, so that the rice is lengthened and thickened, and soil water is utilized more effectively.
The rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer provided by the invention comprises sugar alcohol, wherein the content of the sugar alcohol is preferably 80-180 parts by weight, more preferably 80-150 parts by weight, further preferably 100-120 parts by weight, and most preferably 110 parts by weight; the sugar alcohol is preferably one or more of sorbitol, erythritol, mannitol and maltitol, more preferably sorbitol, erythritol, mannitol and maltitol; the mass ratio of the sorbitol, the erythritol, the mannitol and the maltitol is preferably (2-5): (2-5): (2-5): (2-5), more preferably (2-4): (3-5): (2-4): (2-4), more preferably (2-3): (4-5): (2-3): (2-3), most preferably 2: 5: 2; namely, preferably, the rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer provided by the invention comprises:
and water is used for supplementing the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer to 1000 parts by weight.
Wherein the content of the sorbitol is preferably 20 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 30 parts by weight, and still more preferably 20 parts by weight; the content of the erythritol is preferably 30-50 parts by weight, more preferably 40-50 parts by weight, and still more preferably 50 parts by weight; the content of the mannitol is preferably 20-40 parts by weight, more preferably 20-30 parts by weight, and further preferably 20 parts by weight; the content of the maltitol is preferably 20 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 30 parts by weight, and still more preferably 20 parts by weight.
According to the fertilizer provided by the invention, a plurality of sugar alcohols are added, so that the obtained finished product can be more easily and uniformly covered on the surfaces of plants and targets, the retention amount of a foliar fertilizer in unit area is increased, the covering surface of the plants is increased, the foliar fertilizer is not easy to be washed away by rainwater and run off, good pesticide can be still kept after rain, the spreadability and retention amount of the finished product on the leaf surfaces of the crops are enhanced, and meanwhile, the erythritol can carry a plurality of nutrients (including organic and inorganic nutrients) to rapidly move in a dry rice sieve tube, so that the conversion and movement efficiency of the nutrients is higher.
Salicylic acid is a micromolecular phenolic substance widely existing in plant species, is an intermediate product of a phenylalanine metabolic pathway, participates in various physiological and biochemical processes of transpiration, seed germination, flowering, fructification, stomata closing, heat generation and the like of plants, can enable the upland rice to be more easily adapted to environmental changes by adding the salicylic acid, and can adjust the stomata to open and close according to climate temperature changes, so that the purpose of reducing the transpiration is achieved. According to the invention, salicylic acid is provided for rice by adding methyl salicylate, and the content of the methyl salicylate is preferably 0.1-0.15 weight part, more preferably 0.1 weight part; more preferably, the invention adds methyl salicylate in the form of methyl salicylate aqueous solution; the concentration of the methyl salicylate in the methyl salicylate aqueous solution is preferably 0.5-3%, more preferably 1-2%, and still more preferably 1%; namely, the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer provided by the invention comprises 10-20 parts by weight of 1% methyl salicylate aqueous solution, preferably 10-15 parts by weight of 1% methyl salicylate aqueous solution, and more preferably 10 parts by weight of 1% methyl salicylate aqueous solution.
The sulfadimidine is added into the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer provided by the invention, so that the prevention of root system injury and air pathogen infection when the dry rice is transplanted can be promoted. Particularly, under the large trend of returning the straws to the field, a large amount of harmful bacteria can be bred in the root system and the straws of the old crop in the humification process, and when the rice seedlings are transplanted, the root system is damaged and is easily infected by the bacteria, so that the green turning speed, the growth speed and the weak straws are caused. Therefore, it is necessary to select a mild fungicide which is easily decomposed, does not cause damage to the environment, and does not cause phytotoxicity to the seedlings themselves. In the present invention, the content of the sulfadimidine is preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 6 parts by weight, still more preferably 2 to 4 parts by weight, and most preferably 2.5 parts by weight.
The content of the lignosulfonate is preferably 8-10 parts by weight, and more preferably 10 parts by weight. Lignin and its sulfonate are natural high-molecular organic compounds with network structure, have a lot of active groups and strong adsorption capacity, and can be used for synthesizing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by means of specific chemical reaction and physical adsorption with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, etc. necessary for growth of crops, so that the action of said fertilizer can be prolonged. In the invention, the lignosulfonate is preferably potassium lignosulfonate to increase the content of potassium element in the fertilizer.
The content of the beta-1, 3-oligoglucan is preferably 1-20 parts by weight, more preferably 4-15 parts by weight, still more preferably 8-12 parts by weight, and most preferably 10 parts by weight; the glucan-oligosaccharide can excite genes in crops, induce the upland rice to generate substances such as chitinase, glucanase, preservative, PR protein and the like, and promote phenolic substances to be converted into enzymes so as to enhance the stress resistance of the crops, particularly promote the resistance of the crops to adverse environments such as drought, low temperature and the like; meanwhile, the glucan oligosaccharide contains abundant C, N and nucleoside substances, can be decomposed and utilized by microorganisms and serves as a nutrient for plant growth, and the plumpness of rice grains is improved; moreover, the glucan oligosaccharide can also enhance the microcirculation system of plant tissues and cells, assist the rapid transformation and transportation of various trace elements in the plant body and balance the nutrition of the upland rice.
The invention respectively plays roles of adjusting stomata, improving drought resistance, promoting rooting and strengthening stalks, preventing bacterial infection and improving the toughness of the stalks by the synergistic action of five substances such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, alginic acid, methyl salicylate, sulfadimidine, xyloglucan oligosaccharide and the like.
According to the invention, the rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer preferably further comprises 5-25 parts by weight of citric acid; the content of the citric acid is preferably 10 to 20 parts by weight, and more preferably 15 parts by weight. The fertilizer can be adjusted to a suitable pH value for the crop by adding citric acid.
According to the invention, the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer preferably also comprises 100-200 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate; the content of the monopotassium phosphate is preferably 120-180 parts by weight, more preferably 140-160 parts by weight, and still more preferably 150 parts by weight.
According to the invention, the rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer preferably further comprises 10-50 parts by weight of EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) chelated trace elements; the content of the EDTA chelated trace elements is preferably 20-40 parts by weight, more preferably 20-30 parts by weight, and further preferably 25 parts by weight; the EDTA chelated trace elements are preferably one or more of EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated copper, EDTA chelated zinc and EDTA chelated calcium, more preferably EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated copper, EDTA chelated zinc and EDTA chelated calcium, and the content of each component in the rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer is preferably not less than 2 parts by weight, more preferably 4-6 parts by weight respectively and more preferably 5 parts by weight.
By adding the monopotassium phosphate and EDTA to chelate trace elements, the fertilizer provided by the invention contains the phosphorus potassium fertilizer, the trace elements, the phosphorus potassium fertilizer and the trace elements, is favorable for improving the photosynthesis and the chlorophyll content of the upland rice, straightening the stem and leaf, promoting the accumulation of dry matters, increasing the mechanical strength of the stem of the crop, and being favorable for close planting and increasing the yield.
According to the invention, the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer preferably further comprises 1-10 parts by weight of a surfactant; the content of the surfactant is preferably 3-8 parts by weight, more preferably 4-6 parts by weight, and even more preferably 5 parts by weight; the surfactant is preferably a tween surfactant, and more preferably tween 80.
Besides the components, the water consumption of the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer is less than 1000 parts by weight.
Most preferably, the rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer provided by the invention comprises:
25 parts by weight of compound EDTA chelating iron, manganese, copper, zinc and calcium (5 parts by weight of single component);
5 parts of tween (80);
water the final total volume was adjusted to 1000 parts by weight.
The rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer provided by the invention is a clear liquid preparation, and the pH value of the fertilizer is preferably 5.5-6.6.
The fertilizer provided by the invention is a liquid preparation, is neutral and acid-biased, has good stability, is easily absorbed and utilized by rice by applying the fertilizer to rice leaf surfaces in a spraying mode, can effectively promote the rice root system in dry land to be downwards bound, enlarges the root hair interception area, regulates the opening and closing of rice leaf pores, reduces the transpiration effect, and can simultaneously enhance the strength and flexibility of dry rice stems, stalks and leaves, thereby improving the lodging resistance of the rice, inhibiting bacterial disease infection and finally realizing the double promotion of the yield and the quality of the dry rice.
The fertilizer is prepared by comprehensively combining various raw materials which are mutually non-antagonistic, green, environment-friendly and easily degradable, have relatively low cost, have high stability and good mixing property, act on the leaves of the upland rice, can be quickly absorbed by the upland rice, can be quickly transported in crop ducts and sieve tubes, and can be quickly transferred to specific organs required by the growth and development of the upland rice, and is safer than common chemical lodging-resistant medicaments.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: s1) dissolving sugar alcohol in water, and then adding aminobutyric acid and alginic acid to obtain a solution A; dissolving beta-1, 3-oligoglucan in water, and then adding methyl salicylate and sulfadimidine to obtain a solution B; s2) mixing the solution A and the solution B, then adding lignosulfonate, and then adding water to complement to 1000 parts by weight, so as to obtain the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer.
Wherein, the sugar alcohol, the aminobutyric acid, the alginic acid, the beta-1, 3-glucan oligosaccharide, the methyl salicylate, the sulfadimidine and the lignosulfonate are all the same as those described above, and are not repeated herein.
Dissolving sugar alcohol in water, preferably slowly adding the sugar alcohol into the water until the sugar alcohol is completely dissolved, and adding aminobutyric acid and alginic acid after uniformly stirring; preferably, aminobutyric acid is added first, and alginic acid is added after uniform stirring.
According to the invention, after adding alginic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and EDTA chelate trace elements are preferably also added; the contents and types of the trace elements chelated by the monopotassium phosphate and the EDTA are the same as those described above, and are not described herein again.
After the raw materials are added, preferably heating and stirring are carried out until all the materials are completely dissolved; the temperature of the heating and stirring is preferably 75 to 85 ℃, and more preferably 80 ℃.
And preferably cooling, adding citric acid, and adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.5 to obtain a solution A.
Dissolving beta-1, 3-oligoglucan in water, adding methyl salicylate and sulfadimidine, stirring uniformly, preferably adding citric acid, and adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.5 to obtain a solution B.
Mixing the solution A and the solution B, then adding lignosulfonate, preferably surfactant, uniformly stirring, and then adding water to complement to 1000 parts by weight to obtain the rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer; the content and the type of the surfactant are the same as those described above, and are not described again; the pH value of the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer is preferably 5.5-6.5.
The invention completely realizes the comprehensive functions of promoting rooting, strengthening stalks, sterilizing, preventing diseases, improving drought resistance, regulating water transpiration and the like by selecting specific substances and matching according to a certain proportion, and finally realizes the aims of saving water and resisting lodging of the dry rice.
In order to further illustrate the invention, the following detailed description of a rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer and a preparation method thereof is provided in combination with examples.
Example 1
The rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer comprises the following raw materials:
25kg of compound EDTA chelate iron, manganese, copper, zinc and calcium (5 kg of single component);
tween (80) 5 kg;
the final total volume was adjusted to 1000L with water.
According to the formula, slowly adding the four sugar alcohols into water until the four sugar alcohols are completely dissolved, uniformly stirring, then adding aminobutyric acid, and uniformly stirring; sequentially adding alginic acid, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA to chelate trace elements, uniformly stirring, heating to 80 ℃, and uniformly stirring until all materials are completely dissolved; after cooling, citric acid was added and the pH was adjusted to 6.5 to obtain solution A.
Adding beta-1, 3-oligoglucan into water, stirring uniformly, sequentially adding 1% methyl salicylate solution and sulfadimidine, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid, stirring at constant speed, and adjusting pH value to 6.5 to obtain solution B.
And mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, then sequentially adding potassium lignosulfonate and tween 80, stirring uniformly, then adding deionized water, and adjusting the total volume to 1000L to obtain the rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer.
Comparative example 1
The fertilizer comprises the following raw materials:
the compound EDTA chelates 25kg of iron, manganese, copper, zinc and calcium (the single component is 5kg),
tween (80) 5 kg.
The final total volume was adjusted to 1000L with water.
According to the formula, slowly adding the four sugar alcohols into water until the four sugar alcohols are completely dissolved, uniformly stirring, then adding aminobutyric acid, and uniformly stirring; sequentially adding alginic acid, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA to chelate trace elements, uniformly stirring, heating to 80 ℃, and uniformly stirring until all materials are completely dissolved; after cooling, citric acid was added and the pH was adjusted to 6.5 to obtain solution A.
Adding beta-1, 3-oligoglucan into water, stirring uniformly, sequentially adding 1% methyl salicylate solution and sulfadimidine, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid, stirring at constant speed, and adjusting pH value to 6.5 to obtain solution B.
And mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, then sequentially adding potassium lignosulfonate and tween 80, stirring uniformly, then adding deionized water, and adjusting the total volume to 1000L to obtain the fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
The fertilizer comprises the following raw materials:
25kg of compound EDTA chelate iron, manganese, copper, zinc and calcium (5 kg of single component);
tween (80) 5 kg;
the final total volume was adjusted to 1000L with water.
According to the formula, slowly adding the four sugar alcohols into water until the four sugar alcohols are completely dissolved, uniformly stirring, then adding aminobutyric acid, and uniformly stirring; sequentially adding alginic acid, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA to chelate trace elements, uniformly stirring, heating to 80 ℃, and uniformly stirring until all materials are completely dissolved; after cooling, citric acid was added and the pH was adjusted to 6.5 to obtain solution A.
Adding beta-1, 3-oligoglucan into water, stirring uniformly, sequentially adding 1% methyl salicylate solution and sulfadimidine, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid, stirring at constant speed, and adjusting pH value to 6.5 to obtain solution B.
And mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, then sequentially adding potassium lignosulfonate and tween 80, stirring uniformly, then adding deionized water, and adjusting the total volume to 1000L to obtain the fertilizer.
Comparative example 3
The fertilizer comprises the following raw materials:
25kg of compound EDTA chelate iron, manganese, copper, zinc and calcium (5 kg of single component);
tween (80) 5 kg;
the final total volume was adjusted to 1000L with water.
According to the formula, slowly adding the four sugar alcohols into water until the four sugar alcohols are completely dissolved, uniformly stirring, then adding aminobutyric acid, and uniformly stirring; sequentially adding alginic acid, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA to chelate trace elements, uniformly stirring, heating to 80 ℃, and uniformly stirring until all materials are completely dissolved; after cooling, citric acid was added and the pH was adjusted to 6.5 to obtain solution A.
Adding beta-1, 3-oligoglucan into water, stirring uniformly, sequentially adding 1% methyl salicylate solution and sulfadimidine, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid, stirring at constant speed, and adjusting pH value to 6.5 to obtain solution B.
And mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, then sequentially adding potassium lignosulfonate and tween 80, stirring uniformly, then adding deionized water, and adjusting the total volume to 1000L to obtain the fertilizer.
Comparative example 4
The fertilizer comprises the following raw materials:
25kg of compound EDTA chelate iron, manganese, copper, zinc and calcium (5 kg of single component);
tween (80) 5 kg;
the final total volume was adjusted to 1000L with water.
According to the formula, slowly adding the four sugar alcohols into water until the four sugar alcohols are completely dissolved, uniformly stirring, then adding aminobutyric acid, and uniformly stirring; sequentially adding alginic acid, monopotassium phosphate and EDTA to chelate trace elements, uniformly stirring, heating to 80 ℃, and uniformly stirring until all materials are completely dissolved; after cooling, citric acid was added and the pH was adjusted to 6.5 to obtain solution A.
Adding beta-1, 3-oligoglucan into water, stirring uniformly, sequentially adding 1% methyl salicylate solution and sulfadimidine, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid, stirring at constant speed, and adjusting pH value to 6.5 to obtain solution B.
And mixing the solution A and the solution B, stirring uniformly, then sequentially adding potassium lignosulfonate and tween 80, stirring uniformly, then adding deionized water, and adjusting the total volume to 1000L to obtain the fertilizer.
The field test respectively comprises the following steps: experimental samples (the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer obtained in example 1), a control sample 1 (the fertilizer obtained in comparative example 1, the content of aminobutyric acid is reduced, alginic acid is not added), a control sample 2 (the fertilizer obtained in comparative example 2, methyl salicylate is not added), a control sample 3 (the fertilizer obtained in comparative example 3, sulfadimidine is not added), a control sample 4 (the fertilizer obtained in comparative example 4, beta-1, 3-glucan oligosaccharide is not added), a control sample 5 (shivering), a blank control sample (clear water), and 7 groups.
The test samples and the control samples were diluted with water, 1000 kg of water was added to 1L of fertilizer.
Selecting 21 plots in the same area, ensuring the soil components of the plots to be the same or similar as much as possible, and selecting an area close to a water source and provided with a drainage and irrigation system; the field is flat, no phytotoxicity is caused, and the water and fertilizer retention of the soil is good; avoid selecting sand texture and saline-alkali soil with poor water retention. The method for planting the rice in each plot is the same, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the soil preparation is preferably carried out by turning over the soil in autumn, the turning depth in autumn is 15-20 cm, and the soil is harrowed flat after turning over for spring sowing. And (3) soil preparation is carried out in a spring rotary mode on the land without turning over in autumn, and the rotary tillage depth is 12-15 cm. The soil should be finely divided and leveled, and the upper part is fine and the lower part is coarse.
The variety which is 10-15 days earlier than the local main variety is selected, and the variety has stronger low-temperature germination, drought resistance and soil propping capacity and moderate tillering capacity. The seed quality should meet the requirements of GB 4404.1. The seed coating agents registered on the rice are selected for coating, should be uniform, and the coated seeds are dried in the shade and ventilation.
Sowing when the daily average temperature is stable above 10 ℃ from 4 late ten days to 5 early ten days. The seeding rate per hectare is 120 kg-150 kg, mechanical drilling or hole sowing is carried out, the row spacing is 20 cm-30 cm, the hole spacing is 11 cm-13 cm, the hole sowing grain number is 10-15 grains, and the sowing depth is not more than 2 cm. And compacting for 1-2 times after sowing to ensure good soil compactness and facilitate seedling emergence.
And (3) after sowing for 7-10 days, and supplementing water when the field water capacity of the plough layer soil of 0-10 cm is less than 75%. The field water capacity of the soil in the tillering stage-heading stage is more than 65%. The water capacity of soil in the grouting period in the field is more than 80%.
Adjusting fertilizing amount according to soil fertility, and applying pure nitrogen (N)90kg/hm in the whole growth period2～140kg/hm2Pure phosphorus (P)2O5)65kg/hm2～75kg/hm2Pure potassium (K)2O)65kg/hm2～75kg/hm2Effective silicon(SiO2)35kg/hm2～45kg/hm2The fertilizer application is in accordance with the NY/T496.
Premix proportion of fertilizer to be tested: 1kg of fertilizer is mixed with 1000 kg of water.
Treating the field: and (3) uniformly spraying the novel water-saving lodging-resistant fertilizer (premix liquid) for the liquid dry rice on the leaf surfaces of the rice by using a sprayer, wherein the using amount is 30 kilograms per mu, and the field application is repeated for three times.
Control field: and respectively spraying 1-5 control samples and a blank control sample, and repeating the steps in the field for three times.
Testing seed and yield in the first half month of rice maturity, measuring average stem thickness, bending moment and lodging index, and calculating each repeated average value, wherein the Bending Moment (BM) is the length (cm) from the internode base to the ear top and the fresh mass (g) from the internode base to the ear top; the Lodging Index (LI) is the bending moment/breaking resistance x 100%, and the larger the lodging index is, the easier the stalk is to fall down. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of rice test in control field of treated field
From the test results, it can be seen that the control sample 1 (reduced aminobutyric acid content, no alginic acid added): the total weight of the underground part is the lowest; control sample 2 (no methyl salicylate added) was longest in sections 1-2 above ground; control sample 3 (no sulfadimidine added) had the highest outbreak; control sample 4 (without β -1, 3-oligoglucan addition) produced the lowest amount and had the lowest stem thickness; the stem thickness of the rice obtained by adopting the novel lodging-resistant fertilizer for dry farming of liquid rice is larger than that of the rice obtained by adopting the conventional common fertilizer, the lodging index is obviously smaller, the lodging-resistant effect of the rice is very obvious, and the yield of the sprayed treated field is increased by 32.81 percent compared with that of a blank control field.
Claims (10)
1. A rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer is characterized by comprising:
and water is used for supplementing the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer to 1000 parts by weight.
2. The rice dry farming lodging resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising 5-25 parts by weight of citric acid.
3. The rice dry farming lodging resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising 100 to 200 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate.
4. The rice dry farming lodging resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising 10-50 parts by weight of EDTA chelated trace elements.
5. The rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the EDTA chelated trace element is EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated manganese, EDTA chelated copper, EDTA chelated zinc and EDTA chelated calcium, and the content of each component in the rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer is not less than 2 parts by weight.
6. The rice dry farming lodging resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising 1-10 parts by weight of a surfactant.
7. The rice drought-resistant lodging-resistant fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the lignosulfonate is potassium lignosulfonate; the surfactant is tween 80.
8. The rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, comprising:
and water is used for supplementing the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer to 1000 parts by weight.
9. A method for preparing the rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1) dissolving sugar alcohol in water, and then adding aminobutyric acid and alginic acid to obtain a solution A;
dissolving beta-1, 3-oligoglucan in water, and then adding methyl salicylate and sulfadimidine to obtain a solution B;
s2) mixing the solution A and the solution B, then adding lignosulfonate, and then adding water to complement to 1000 parts by weight, so as to obtain the rice dry farming lodging-resistant fertilizer.
10. The preparation method of claim 9, wherein the pH value of the rice dry-farming lodging-resistant fertilizer is 5.5-6.5.
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Application publication date: 20210326 |