CN112544962A - 一种杏鲍菇酵素副产物代餐粉的加工方法 - Google Patents
一种杏鲍菇酵素副产物代餐粉的加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种杏鲍菇酵素副产物代餐粉的加工方法。该方法通过以下步骤实现:(1)制备杏鲍菇酵素固态产物;(2)固态产物干粉的制备;(3)将杏鲍菇酵素固体产物干粉加入燕麦粉、小米粉、魔芋精粉、大豆粉、六偏磷酸钠、木糖醇、食用香精混合均匀,得到固态产物代餐粉。本发明工艺简单,操作方便,发酵速度快,易于实施和推广,提高了杏鲍菇产后附加值和资源利用效率,实现无废弃物全效高附加值综合利用,将杏鲍菇酵素固体产物干粉制备成代餐粉,分散稳定性好、保水力强,冲调后呈糊状,口感细腻且发出淡淡香气,是一款具有降血脂、降胆固醇、促进胃肠消化、增强机体免疫能力、防止心血管病等的作用的代餐粉。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种杏鲍菇酵素副产物代餐粉的加工方法。
背景技术
随着我国社会经济的迅速发展和生活水平的快速提高,膳食结构和生活方式发生了很大变化,营养不均衡与膳食结构欠合理导致的机体营养失衡比例不断增多,营养过剩与营养缺乏并存现象突出,特别是超重和肥胖人群比率迅速上升,增加了便秘、“三高”、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病甚至癌症等其他多种疾病的患病风险。近几年的研究发现,优化和调整饮食结构、均衡营养对于预防和改善肥胖、“三高”和心脑血管等疾病具有重要意义。
酵素是指以一种或多种新鲜蔬菜、水果、菌菇、中草药等为原料,经多种有益菌发酵而产生的,含有丰富的维生素、酶、矿物质和多种次生代谢产物等人体必需的营养成分和人体健康必要的功能性微生物之发酵产品。目前国内已有一些酵素产品,多是对发酵液进行加工,而发酵后的副产物通常被丢弃而造成很大浪费,处理不当还会污染环境。经相关研究和实验证实,杏鲍菇酵素的固形物中其总糖、还原糖以及游离氨基酸含量虽比原料杏鲍菇有所降低,但湿态发酵固形物的SOD酶活为20 U/g,DPPH清除率为19.5%,蛋白含量为0.81%,可溶性固形物含量为13.9%,仍然含有较高的生物活性成分和杏仁的香味。如果能充分利用杏鲍菇酵素固态物的能量和糖类含量低的特点,开发一种适于糖尿病患者或减肥人群等特殊群体健康调节的代餐类食品,市场前景十分广阔。
“代餐”,即是取代部分或全部正餐的一类食品,代餐粉是目前最常见的营养代餐产品之一。代餐粉具有低热量和强烈饱腹感等优点,秉承均衡营养的理
念,多数代餐产品还通过添加富含维生素、矿物质、蛋白质等人体必需营养物质的原料来调整和均衡身体中各种营养物质的摄入,使得服用者既减少了一餐中能量的摄入,又补充了人体必需的营养物质,既达到了调节血糖或减肥的目的,同时又可保持人体的健康,因而受到消费者的追捧。目前,将杏鲍菇发酵后的固态产物无法进行有效利用,造成了资源的浪费,将其制备成代餐粉尚未有相关记载。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种杏鲍菇酵素副产物代餐粉的加工方法,将发酵后的杏鲍菇固态产物干燥加工成粉添加至代餐粉中,解决了现有技术中发酵后的杏鲍菇固态原料高值化全效利用与资源处理不当造成的浪费与环保方面的问题。
为解决上述问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明提供了一种杏鲍菇酵素副产物代餐粉的加工方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)杏鲍菇酵素固态产物制备:将杏鲍菇切成块状,混合均匀后加入发酵罐中进行发酵,发酵7d后,过滤得到固态副产物;
(2)固态产物干粉的制备:将固态副产物置于超低温冰箱预冻干后,真空冷冻干燥,将冻干后的杏鲍菇于球磨机中粉碎,制成杏鲍菇酵素固体产物干粉;
(3)杏鲍菇酵素固态产物代餐粉的制备:将杏鲍菇酵素固体产物干粉加入燕麦粉、小米粉、魔芋精粉、大豆粉、六偏磷酸钠、木糖醇、食用香精混合均匀,得到固态产物代餐粉。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,所述发酵具体过程为:首先,将杏鲍菇浸泡碳酸氢钠溶液后取出冻融处理,柠檬酸溶液浸泡冲洗两次,然后将糖、杏鲍菇、水加入发酵罐中,容量占容器的五分之三,取活化好并离心的乳酸菌菌泥,用无菌生理盐水调至0.5麦氏浊度,按照肠膜明串珠菌:植物乳杆菌=2:1的比例接种3%的混合菌液,置于室温下进行强化发酵,每天搅拌一次,发酵7天后,用纱布过滤得到固态副产物。进一步的,所述糖、杏鲍菇、水的质量比为1:3:10。
进一步的,所述冻融处理为首先降温至-15℃,然后恢复至室温即可;所述碳酸氢钠溶液的浓度为10%;所述柠檬酸溶液的浓度为15%。
本发明真空冷冻干燥的条件为:真空度52.8 Pa,冷冻温度-48℃,冻干时间24h。
本发明制备的固态产物代餐粉是由以下重量份原料组成:杏鲍菇酵素固态产物干粉10-15份、燕麦粉10-15份、小米粉10-15份、魔芋精粉10-15份、大豆粉4-6份、六偏磷酸钠0.25份、木糖醇6-8份、食用香精0.1份。
本发明提供的代餐粉,由于具有低能量、低血糖生成指数、高蛋白营养配比的食品,长期食用有助于改善人体形态和体质。因此,利用杏鲍菇酵素制备的固态产物所具有的低能量、低糖的特点,并含有较高蛋白质和保存有一定的杏仁的香味,开发适宜糖尿病患者或减肥人群等食用的产品,丰富了食用菌加工品的种类,同时也为食用菌原料的多元化利用开辟了新的途径。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)工艺简单,操作方便,发酵速度快,易于实施和推广,提高了杏鲍菇产后附加值和资源利用效率,实现无废弃物全效高附加值综合利用。
(2)采用“两低一高(低能量、低血糖生成指数、高蛋白)”的营养搭配方案,强化了降血糖与减肥功效,同时经过调味剂优化,口感更佳,适合人体食用。
(3)将杏鲍菇酵素固体产物干粉制备成代餐粉,为淡黄色均分粉末,无吸潮、无结块,分散稳定性好、保水力强,冲调后呈糊状,口感细腻且发出淡淡香气,是一款具有降血脂、降胆固醇、促进胃肠消化、增强机体免疫能力、防止心血管病等的作用的代餐粉。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的杏鲍菇固态产物代餐粉。
图2为实施例1 制备的代餐粉:热水=1:5冲调后图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的解释和说明。
实施例1
(1) 将切块后的杏鲍菇(0.5cm左右的小块)浸泡在质量分数为10%的碳酸氢钠溶液,浸泡5min后取出冻融处理,然后采用质量浓度为15%的柠檬酸溶液浸泡冲洗两次,按照糖:料:水=1:3:10的重量比将原料放入发酵罐中,容量占容器的五分之三;
(2)取活化好并离心的乳酸菌菌泥,用无菌生理盐水调至OD600=0.6,按照肠膜明串珠菌:植物乳杆菌=2:1的比例接种5%的混合菌液,置于室温下进行强化发酵,每天搅拌一次,发酵7天后用纱布过滤得到杏鲍菇酵素固态产物;
(3)将所得固态产物置于超低温冰箱预冻干后,放入真空冷冻干燥机中进行冻干,真空度52.8 Pa,冷冻温度-48℃,冻干时间24h,将冻干后的杏鲍菇于球磨机中粉碎,制成超微固态产物干粉;
(4)将上述材料与其他材料按照以下质量份混合均匀,得到杏鲍菇酵素固态产物代餐粉:杏鲍菇酵素固态产物干粉1g、燕麦粉1g、小米粉1g、魔芋精粉1g、大豆粉0.5g、六偏磷酸钠0.025g、木糖醇0.7g、食用香精0.1g。
实施例2
(1)将切块后的杏鲍菇(0.5cm左右的小块)浸泡在质量分数为10%的碳酸氢钠溶液,浸泡5min后取出冻融处理,然后采用质量浓度为15%的柠檬酸溶液浸泡冲洗两次,按照糖:料:水=1:3:10的重量比将原料放入发酵罐中,容量占容器的五分之三;
(2) 取活化好并离心的乳酸菌菌泥,用无菌生理盐水调至OD600=0.6,按照肠膜明串珠菌:植物乳杆菌=2:1的比例接种5%的混合菌液,置于室温下进行强化发酵。每天搅拌一次,发酵7天后用纱布过滤得到杏鲍菇酵素固态产物。
(3)将所得固态产物置于超低温冰箱预冻干后,放入真空冷冻干燥机中进行冻干。真空度52.8 Pa,冷冻温度-48℃,冻干时间24h。将冻干后的杏鲍菇于球磨机中粉碎,制成超微固态产物干粉。
(4) 将上述材料与其他材料按照以下质量份混合均匀,得到杏鲍菇酵素固态产物代餐粉:杏鲍菇酵素固态产物干粉1.25g、燕麦粉1g、小米粉0.75g、魔芋精粉1g、大豆粉0.5g、六偏磷酸钠0.025g、木糖醇0.7g、食用香精0.1g。
实施例3
(1) 将切块后的杏鲍菇(0.5cm左右的小块)浸泡在质量分数为10%的碳酸氢钠溶液,浸泡5min后取出冻融处理,然后采用质量浓度为15%的柠檬酸溶液浸泡冲洗两次,按照糖:料:水=1:3:10的重量比将原料放入发酵罐中,容量占容器的五分之三;
(2) 取活化好并离心的乳酸菌菌泥,用无菌生理盐水调至OD600=0.6,按照肠膜明串珠菌:植物乳杆菌=2:1的比例接种5%的混合菌液,置于室温下进行强化发酵。每天搅拌一次,发酵7天后用纱布过滤得到杏鲍菇酵素固态产物。
(3) 将所得固态产物置于超低温冰箱预冻干后,放入真空冷冻干燥机中进行冻干。真空度52.8 Pa,冷冻温度-48℃,冻干时间24h。将冻干后的杏鲍菇于球磨机中粉碎,制成超微固态产物干粉。
(4)将上述材料与其他材料按照以下质量份混合均匀,得到杏鲍菇酵素固态产物代餐粉:杏鲍菇酵素固态产物干粉1.5g、燕麦粉0.75g、小米粉0.75g、魔芋精粉1g、大豆粉0.5g、六偏磷酸钠0.025g、木糖醇0.7g、食用香精0.1g。
对比例1
步骤(1)~(3)和配方同实施例1,代餐粉成分为:燕麦粉1.5g、小米粉1.5g、魔芋精粉1g、大豆粉0.5g、六偏磷酸钠0.025g、木糖醇0.7g、食用香精0.1g。
对比例2
(1)将切块后的杏鲍菇(0.5cm左右的小块)置于超低温冰箱预冻干后,放入真空冷冻干燥机中进行冻干,真空度52.8 Pa,冷冻温度-48℃,冻干时间24h,将冻干后的杏鲍菇于球磨机中粉碎,制成超微固态产物干粉;
(2)将上述材料与其他材料按照以下质量份混合均匀,得到杏鲍菇酵素固态产物代餐粉:杏鲍菇固态产物干粉1g、燕麦粉1g、小米粉1g、魔芋精粉1g、大豆粉0.5g、六偏磷酸钠0.025g、木糖醇0.7g、食用香精0.1g。
对比例3
(1)将切块后的杏鲍菇(0.5cm左右的小块)按照糖:料:水=1:3:10的重量比将原料放入发酵罐中,容量占容器的五分之三;
(2)取活化好并离心的乳酸菌菌泥,用无菌生理盐水调至OD600=0.6,按照肠膜明串珠菌:植物乳杆菌=2:1的比例接种5%的混合菌液,置于室温下进行强化发酵,每天搅拌一次,发酵7天后用纱布过滤得到杏鲍菇酵素固态产物;
(3)将所得固态产物置于超低温冰箱预冻干后,放入真空冷冻干燥机中进行冻干,真空度52.8 Pa,冷冻温度-48℃,冻干时间24h,将冻干后的杏鲍菇于球磨机中粉碎,制成超微固态产物干粉;
(4)将上述材料与其他材料按照以下质量份混合均匀,得到杏鲍菇酵素固态产物代餐粉:杏鲍菇酵素固态产物干粉1g、燕麦粉1g、小米粉1g、魔芋精粉1g、大豆粉0.5g、六偏磷酸钠0.025g、木糖醇0.7g、食用香精0.1g。
效果实施例
(1)将实施例1-3及对比例制备的代餐粉的营养成分进行检测,检测方法采用国标方法进行,具体结果见表1。
表1 杏鲍菇酵素固态产物代餐粉营养成分分析
(2)将实施例1-3及对比例1制备的代餐粉的分散稳定时间、保水力(g/g)、吸水指数、水溶性、还原力、进行检测,检测方法采用现有的方法进行,具体结果见表2。
表2 杏鲍菇酵素固态产物代餐粉冲调特性及抗氧化活性分析
其中:
分散稳定时间:将盛有50mL蒸馏水的烧杯置于磁力搅拌器上(转速500r/min),准确称取2g代餐粉,均匀快速分散于水中,记录粉体全部分散于水中所用的时间,即为分散时间,分散时间越短分散性越好。
吸水指数:准确称取2.0g代餐粉样品在室温下与25mL蒸馏水一起放入恒重的离心管中,搅动30min后5500r/min离心10min,上清液转入恒重的称量皿中,称量留下的胶体重量,计算吸水指数:WAI=(m2-m1)/W
其中:m1-离心管重量(g)
m2-盛有胶体的离心管重量(g)
W-样品重量(g)
(3)实施例1制备的代餐粉如图1所示,经冲调后如图2所示,冲调后呈糊状,口感细腻且发出淡淡香气,经试验发现,对比例1制备的代餐粉较实施例1,相同储存条件下,易结块,且冲调后,口感较细腻,易存在结块,且对比例1和2制备的代餐粉,分散均匀后,易分层,稳定性较差,对比例3制备的代餐粉较对比例1和2的稳定时间长,但较实施例1稳定时间短。
Claims (6)
1.一种杏鲍菇酵素副产物代餐粉的加工方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)杏鲍菇酵素固态产物制备:将杏鲍菇切成块状,混合均匀后加入发酵罐中进行发酵,发酵7d后,过滤得到固态副产物;
(2)固态产物干粉的制备:将固态副产物置于超低温冰箱预冻干后,真空冷冻干燥,将冻干后的杏鲍菇于球磨机中粉碎,制成杏鲍菇酵素固体产物干粉;
(3)杏鲍菇酵素固态产物代餐粉的制备:将杏鲍菇酵素固体产物干粉加入燕麦粉、小米粉、魔芋精粉、大豆粉、六偏磷酸钠、木糖醇、食用香精混合均匀,得到固态产物代餐粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述发酵具体过程为:首先,将杏鲍菇浸泡碳酸氢钠溶液后取出冻融处理,柠檬酸溶液浸泡冲洗两次,然后将糖、杏鲍菇、水加入发酵罐中,容量占容器的五分之三,取活化好并离心的乳酸菌菌泥,用无菌生理盐水调至0.5麦氏浊度,按照肠膜明串珠菌:植物乳杆菌=2:1的比例接种3%的混合菌液,置于室温下进行强化发酵,每天搅拌一次,发酵7天后,用纱布过滤得到固态副产物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所述糖、杏鲍菇、水的质量比为1:3:10。
4.根据权利要求2所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所述冻融处理为首先降温至-15℃,然后恢复至室温即可;所述碳酸氢钠溶液的浓度为10%;所述柠檬酸溶液的浓度为15%。
5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所述真空冷冻干燥的条件为:真空度52.8 Pa,冷冻温度-48℃,冻干时间24h。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的加工方法,其特征在于,所述固态产物代餐粉是由以下重量份原料组成:杏鲍菇酵素固态产物干粉10-15份、燕麦粉10-15份、小米粉10-15份、魔芋精粉10-15份、大豆粉4-6份、六偏磷酸钠0.25份、木糖醇6-8份、食用香精0.1份。
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