CN112544378B - Early propagation and efficiency-increasing method for early-maturing lotus roots - Google Patents
Early propagation and efficiency-increasing method for early-maturing lotus roots Download PDFInfo
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- CN112544378B CN112544378B CN202011382107.9A CN202011382107A CN112544378B CN 112544378 B CN112544378 B CN 112544378B CN 202011382107 A CN202011382107 A CN 202011382107A CN 112544378 B CN112544378 B CN 112544378B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses an early propagation expanding and efficiency increasing method of early-maturing lotus roots, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: selecting varieties; step two: planting density; step three: managing fertilizer and water; step four: grading the field at the proper period; step five: digging lotus seeds and keeping the density of the field; step six: mining and marketing in advance. The invention is characterized in that: the lotus root has high propagation multiple. Planting in 4 months, dividing the field in the middle ten days of 6 months, and propagating 10 mu for 1 mu; traditionally, dividing the field in 4 months next year, and propagating 3.75 mu in 1 mu. ② the growth period is long. After field division and propagation in 4 months, the seedlings are harvested and dug in the middle of 6 months of the next year, and the growing period is 12 months. And thirdly, the lotus roots come into the market earlier. The digging is earlier than the traditional planting (8 months coming into the market) by 40 days. Fourthly, the yield is increased. The yield of lotus roots per mu is 1600 kilograms, and the yield is increased by 100 kilograms compared with the traditional yield per mu. The benefit is increased. The Chinese character Yuan is sold on the market in 6 middle-ten days of the month, 14.0 yuan/kg, 22400 yuan per mu in 2 years, and 3700 yuan is increased compared with the traditional income per mu. Sixthly, the loss of in-situ propagation is low. Lotus seeds are propagated on site, so that the transportation loss is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of early propagation of lotus roots, and particularly relates to an early propagation and efficiency increasing method of early-maturing lotus roots.
Background
The industrial scale of the lotus root is slowly expanded, only 3.75 mu of lotus root field can be planted in the second year after 1 mu of lotus root is bred, the early-maturing variety can be listed in 8 months, the market supply of the lotus root in 6 and 7 months is small, the price is high, and the living needs of people and the industrial scale expansion needs of farmers can not be met.
The invention discloses an early propagation and efficiency-increasing method of early-maturing lotus roots, and aims to solve the problems of abundant supply of lotus roots in the market, low propagation multiple of lotus roots, high yield of lotus roots and industrial efficiency increase.
The seed consumption of the early-maturing lotus roots is 400kg for 1 mu in the traditional cultivation, the lotus roots are planted in 4 months, and 1500 kg/mu of commercial lotus roots can be dug in 8 months; if no field is dug and reserved for planting lotus roots, 3.75 mu of field can be planted in the next 4 months, and the income per mu is about 7500 yuan; in production, the area of lotus roots is enlarged to 10 mu if the area is required to be enlarged in the next year, 2.67 mu of lotus root field and 1068 kg of lotus seeds are required in the current year, and the lotus seeds are mostly transported from the Hubei equal places for a long distance, so that the damage is large and the cost is high. The following problems mainly exist in the traditional planting of lotus roots:
1. the lotus seed has long breeding period. The traditional lotus root planting method has long lotus root seed propagation period, the lotus root is planted in 4 months, the lotus root is planted in a field in the next 4 months, the lotus root needs 12 months of growth period, the lotus root propagation period is long, and the rapid expansion of the industrial scale is influenced.
2. The lotus seed has large seed consumption. In the traditional lotus root planting method, 400 kilograms of lotus root seeds are needed for planting 1 mu of lotus roots in 4 months, the lotus root can be propagated to 3.75 mu in the next year, and the problems of low propagation speed, large lotus root seed consumption and high production cost exist;
3. the lotus roots are on the market intensively, and the planting benefit is not high. After the early-maturing lotus roots are planted in 4 months, the yield and the benefit can be guaranteed only when the growth period reaches 4 months, namely 8 months, the lotus roots come into the market, and the problem of unbalanced market supply is obvious. The selling price of the lotus roots in 8 months is 5.0 yuan/kg, and the selling price of the lotus roots in 6 months-7 months is 14.0 yuan/kg; the planting efficiency of the lotus roots is improved, and the innovation of the planting method in the aspect of early marketing is needed.
4. The lotus seeds are transported with much loss. The lotus root seeds have large volume, the lotus root seeds are easy to be broken by collision in long-distance transportation, the body surface is easy to be damaged, the lotus root seeds are easy to be infected by germs, the loss of the lotus root seeds is large, and the problem of high seed cost for planting the lotus roots in a field exists;
disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems, the invention provides an early propagation enhancing method of early-maturing lotus roots, and the invention solves the bottleneck problems of long propagation period and large seed consumption of lotus seeds. Traditionally planting 1 mu of lotus roots (400 kg/mu of lotus seeds), planting in 4 months, dividing the field in 4 months in the next year, and only expanding and breeding 3.75 mu, if the field is expanded to 10 mu in the next year, preparing 2.67 mu of lotus root field and 1068 kg of prepared lotus seeds in the current year; the method for planting the early-maturing lotus roots comprises the steps of planting 1 mu of lotus roots (500 kg/mu of lotus roots) in an early propagation method, planting in 4 months, growing 2 new lotus roots in the middle ten days of 6 months (after 2.5 months), dividing the field, and propagating 10 mu of lotus roots, and realizes the innovation of shortening the propagation period of the lotus roots by 9 months, achieving the propagation ratio of 1: 10 and reducing the consumption of the lotus roots by 568 kg on the basis of not increasing the quantity of the lotus roots. And secondly, the optimization problem of the structure of the supply side with centralized marketing and low benefit of the lotus roots is solved. The early-maturing lotus roots are planted in the field in 4 months in the traditional mode, the lotus roots are listed in 8 months, the growing period is 4 months, each lotus root is 3-5 nodes long, 1500 kilograms of commercial lotus roots are produced per mu, and the income is 7500 yuan/mu (1500 kilograms multiplied by 5 yuan/kilogram); the early-maturing lotus roots are propagated in advance, field planting is carried out in the middle ten days of 6 months, the lotus roots are listed in the middle ten days of 6 months in the next year, the growing period is 12 months, each lotus root is 4-6 knots, the commodity lotus roots per mu are more than 1600 kilograms, income is 22400 yuan/mu (1600 kilograms multiplied by 14 yuan/kilogram), the income is 11200 yuan/mu in equivalent years (calculated according to 2 years), and innovation of the method that the lotus roots are raised to the market 40 days earlier, the price is increased by 2.8 times, and 3700 yuan is increased per mu is realized. Thirdly, the problems that the lotus seeds are easy to lose during allocation and transportation and the cost is difficult to reduce are solved. The conventional method for transferring and transporting lotus seeds is used for long-distance vehicle-mounted transportation, the seed buds are easy to break, the lotus roots are easy to damage and easily infected with germs, and the loss of the lotus roots is large; the lotus roots are propagated in advance, the lotus roots are planted in the field by field, the carrying distance is short, loading and unloading are not needed, the collision probability is reduced, the artificial loss is reduced, the cost is saved, and the cost is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an early propagation expanding and efficiency increasing method of early-maturing lotus roots comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: lotus root variety selection: selecting early-maturing pearl lotus roots with earliest maturity, uniform internodes and no damage to lotus roots;
step two: planting density of lotus roots: planting is started at the beginning of 4 months (before Qingming festival), the lotus root seed consumption is 500 kg/mu, the row spacing of the plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2m, the density is 222 plants/mu, compared with the traditional planting, 44 plants are increased per mu, and the aim is that the growth early stage of the lotus root is slow, the field space is fully utilized, the lotus root seed reproduction quantity is reasonably close planted and expanded (the lotus root seed consumption is 400 kg/mu, the row spacing of the plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, 178 plants/mu in the traditional planting);
step three: and (3) lotus root fertilizer and water management: applying 500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, mechanically ploughing fine soil and uniformly raking the base fertilizer when the field of lotus roots is finished, irrigating the lotus roots to keep the depth of 10 cm, and applying additional leaf fertilizer when 2-3 vertical leaves of lotus roots in the field account for 80% after the lotus roots are planted, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 50 kg/mu; when the lotus roots are about to be blocked, topdressing a seed-blocking fertilizer, wherein the compound fertilizer is 50 kg/mu; and (3) applying additional bud fertilizer to the lotus roots in the bud middle stage, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 25 kg/mu. After the field is divided and propagated in ten days in the middle of 6 months, the water depth is continuously kept over 10 cm, and after 1 week, root-pricking fertilizer is applied, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 50 kg/mu; topdressing germination-promoting fertilizer after 4 weeks, wherein 15 kg/mu of urea is applied; in winter, the lotus root field is not water-cut off, new buds of the lotus roots emerge from the water surface in the next 4 months, and bud-strengthening fertilizer is applied, wherein 15 kilograms of urea is applied per mu; when the lotus roots are subjected to leaf setting, applying leaf setting fertilizer, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 40 kilograms per mu; in the initial flowering period, applying additional bud fertilizer with 50 kg/mu of organic fertilizer; when the lotus seedpod is full, additional fertilizer is applied to increase yield, and 15 kilograms of urea are applied per mu;
step four: dividing lotus roots into fields at proper periods: the lotus roots are planted in an early propagation mode, the density of each mu is increased by 44 plants when the lotus roots are planted in the early 4 months compared with the traditional planting mode, the lotus roots are dug and propagated in the middle 6 months, 2 new lotus roots grow out of each plant in 2.5 months, and the yield of lotus seeds per mu is 1100 kg; the lotus roots are planted in different fields according to the use amount of 100 kilograms per mu, 10 mu can be planted in different fields (wherein 100 kilograms are used as replanting seeds of the original lotus root seed field), the row spacing of the plants is 2.5m multiplied by 5m, the planting density per mu is 54 plants per mu, and the propagation expansion multiple is 1: 10;
step five: scientific lotus root seed digging and field remaining density: expanding lotus roots in advance, digging lotus seeds in the middle ten days of 6 months, cutting off stem and leaf parts of the lotus roots with fingers, keeping the lotus roots 30-40 cm, and slightly pulling the lotus roots with hands to discharge water; slightly stripping off the small-branched lotus roots on the lotus roots, leaving the small-branched lotus roots in situ to be used as lotus seeds without interrupting the growth process, and replanting 100 kilograms of lotus seeds between the walkways where the small-branched lotus roots are left so as to ensure that the planting density of 222 plants per mu of lotus roots is reached;
step six: the method comprises the following steps of (1) early propagation and lotus root picking and marketing: the lotus roots are harvested and brought into the market in 6 middle of the month in advance, and the lotus roots are brought into the market for 40 days earlier than the lotus roots planted in the traditional method; the growing period of the period reaches 12 months, the lotus roots have 4-6 nodes, the commodity lotus roots per mu is more than 1600 kilograms, the price is 14.0 yuan/kilogram, the income per mu is 224000 yuan (calculated according to 2 years), the income per mu is 11200 yuan, and the income per mu is 3700 yuan higher than that of the traditional lotus roots planted per mu; the traditional early-maturing lotus roots are planted in 4 months and harvested in 8 months (4 months in the growth period), 1500 kilograms of commodity lotus roots are produced per mu, the price is 5.0 yuan/kilogram, and the income per mu is 7500 yuan (1500 multiplied by 5).
The invention has the following advantages:
1. solves the problem of long breeding cycle of lotus seeds. Traditionally, lotus roots are planted in the current 4 months, and in the next 4 months, the field division and propagation needs 12 months; the early-maturing lotus root is planted in 4 months in the year, only 2.5 months are needed for field-by-field propagation in the middle ten days of 6 months, the propagation period of lotus root seeds is shortened by 9 months, the propagation speed is high, and the requirement of large-scale development is met;
2. solves the problem of large seed consumption of lotus seeds. The traditional planted lotus roots are expected to expand to 10 mu in the next year, 2.67 mu of lotus root field and 1068 kg of lotus root seeds (400 kg/mu) are needed in 4 months in the current year, and 10 mu can be expanded in the next 4 months (1500 kg of lotus root seeds are produced in 1 mu, and 3.75 mu can be expanded according to the standard of 400kg of lotus root seeds in each mu); the early-maturing lotus root early propagation method is to propagate 10 mu, 1 mu of lotus root field and 500 kg of lotus root seeds are needed in 4 months in the year, after 2.5 months, 10 mu can be propagated in middle ten days in 6 months (1100 kg of lotus root seeds are produced at 1 mu, only 100 kg of lotus root seeds are needed in each mu when the lotus root is propagated and divided into fields in 6 months), and compared with the traditional lotus root planting method, the lotus root field of 10 mu is reduced by 568 kg of the consumption of the lotus root seeds;
3. the problem of optimizing the unbalance of the supply side is solved. The lotus roots are propagated in advance, the lotus roots are supplied to the market in the middle ten days of 6 months, the growth period reaches 12 months, enough nutrients are accumulated, the quality is guaranteed, compared with the traditional lotus root planting, the growth period is prolonged by 9 months, the yield per mu can be increased by 100 kilograms, and the problems of abundant lotus root market and unbalanced supply side are solved;
4. the problem of the benefit promotion of lotus root planting has been solved. The lotus roots are propagated in advance, the market price of 6 months is 2.8 times higher than that of 8 months, the per-mu annual purification income is increased by 3700 yuan compared with the traditional planting, and the high yield and efficiency increase of the lotus root industry are realized;
5. solves the problem of much loss in lotus root transportation. The lotus root seed propagation method has the advantages of early propagation of lotus roots, local propagation of lotus root seeds, field-by-field planting, short carrying distance, no need of loading and unloading, reduction of collision probability, reduction of artificial loss, prevention of germ infection caused by transportation damage of the lotus root seeds, cost saving and cost reduction.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described below, but the present invention is not limited to these.
Examples
An early propagation method of early-maturing lotus roots comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: lotus root variety selection: selecting early-maturing pearl lotus roots as lotus root seeds, wherein internodes are required to be uniform, and lotus root bodies are not damaged;
step two: and (3) expanding the density of the lotus roots in advance: planting at the beginning of 4 months (before Qingming festival), and planting lotus seeds of 500 kg/mu, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2m, and the density of 222 plants/mu; compared with the traditional planting method, the method increases 44 plants per mu, aims to make lotus roots grow slowly in the early stage, fully utilizes field space, reasonably and densely plants and enlarges the propagation quantity of lotus roots (the using quantity of the lotus roots in the traditional planting method is 400 kg/mu, the row spacing of the plants is 1.5m multiplied by 2.5m, 178 plants/mu);
step three: and (3) lotus root fertilizer and water management: arranging lotus root fields, applying 500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer per mu, mechanically harrowing, uniformly fertilizing soil, irrigating to keep 10 cm deep, and applying top dressing fertilizer to the lotus root fields when 2-3 lotus roots in the fields have vertical leaves accounting for 80% after planting lotus roots, wherein the organic fertilizer is 50 kg/mu; when the lotus roots are about to be blocked, topdressing a seed-blocking fertilizer, wherein the compound fertilizer is 50 kg/mu; and (3) applying additional bud fertilizer to the lotus roots in the bud middle stage, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 25 kg/mu. After the field is divided and propagated in ten days in the middle of 6 months, the water depth is continuously kept over 10 cm, and after 1 week, root-pricking fertilizer is applied, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 50 kg/mu; topdressing germination-promoting fertilizer after 4 weeks, wherein 15 kg/mu of urea is applied; in winter, the lotus root field is not water-cut off, new buds of the lotus roots emerge from the water surface in the next 4 months, and bud-strengthening fertilizer is applied, wherein 15 kilograms of urea is applied per mu; when the lotus roots are subjected to leaf setting, applying leaf setting fertilizer, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 40 kilograms per mu; in the initial flowering period, applying additional bud fertilizer with 50 kg/mu of organic fertilizer; when the lotus seedpod is full, additional fertilizer is applied to increase yield, and 15 kilograms of urea are applied per mu;
step four: dividing lotus roots into fields at proper periods: planting lotus roots in the beginning of 4 months, topdressing a leaf setting fertilizer after 4 weeks, and carrying out early propagation expanding planting, wherein the density of each mu of the lotus roots is increased by 44 plants compared with the traditional planting method, 2 new lotus roots grow out from each plant in the middle ten days of 6 months, 1100 kg of lotus seeds are produced per mu (wherein 100 kg of the lotus seeds are used as the seeds for additional planting in the original lotus seed field), 10 mu of the lotus roots can be planted in a field-separable way, the lotus seeds are used in 100 kg/mu, the row spacing of the plants is 2.5m multiplied by 5m, the planting density of each mu of the lotus roots is 54 plants/mu, the lotus seeds are planted transversely (the lotus seeds are placed in mud in parallel), and the lotus roots are controlled to grow to the space between the rows;
step five: scientific lotus root seed digging and field remaining density: when lotus seeds are dug in the middle ten days of 6 months, the stem and leaf parts of the lotus roots are cut off by fingers, the lotus roots are kept at 30-40 cm, water is prevented from entering the lotus roots to cause rotten lotus roots, and the lotus roots are lightly pulled to discharge water by hands to be used as field division and propagation of the lotus seeds; when the lotus root seeds are dug, the small-crotch lotus roots on the lotus roots are gently peeled off and left in situ to be used as the lotus root seeds, the growth process of the small-crotch lotus roots is not interrupted, and the efficient utilization of the small-crotch lotus roots left in the field is realized; the method is characterized in that 100 kilograms of lotus seeds are additionally planted among the paths of the small-branched lotus roots, the planting density of 222 plants per mu of small-branched lotus root field is ensured, and the space of the lotus root field can be fully utilized to lay a high-yield foundation of the lotus roots due to the fact that the small-branched lotus roots grow at a relatively slow speed and the planting density is properly increased;
step six: the method comprises the following steps of (1) early propagation and lotus root picking and marketing: the lotus roots are harvested and brought into the market in 6 middle of the month in advance, and the lotus roots are brought into the market for 40 days earlier than the lotus roots planted in the traditional method; the growing period of the period reaches 12 months, the lotus roots have 4-6 nodes, the commodity lotus roots per mu is more than 1600 kilograms, the price is 14.0 yuan/kilogram, the income per mu is 224000 yuan (calculated according to 2 years), the income per mu is 11200 yuan, and the income per mu is 3700 yuan higher than that of the traditional lotus roots planted per mu; the traditional early-maturing lotus roots are harvested and dug in 8 months (4 months in the growth period) in 4 months, 3-5 nodes exist, 1500 kilograms of commercial lotus roots are produced per mu, the price is 5.0 yuan/kilogram, and 7500 yuan (1500 multiplied by 5) is produced per mu.
It is noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An early propagation expanding and efficiency increasing method of early-maturing lotus roots is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: lotus root variety selection: selecting early-maturing pearl lotus roots with earliest maturity, uniform internodes and no damage to lotus roots;
step two: planting density of lotus roots: planting at the beginning of 4 months, and planting 500 kg lotus seeds per mu, wherein the row spacing of the lotus seeds is 1.5m multiplied by 2m, and the density of the lotus seeds is 222 plants per mu;
step three: and (3) lotus root fertilizer and water management: arranging a lotus root field, applying 500 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer per mu, mechanically harrowing, uniformly fertilizing soil, irrigating water to keep 10 cm deep, and applying top dressing fertilizer to the lotus root field when 2-3 lotus roots in the field have vertical leaves accounting for 80% after planting the lotus roots in the first 4 months, wherein the organic fertilizer is 50 kg/mu; when the lotus roots are about to be blocked, topdressing a seed-blocking fertilizer, wherein the compound fertilizer is 50 kg/mu; applying additional bud fertilizer with organic fertilizer of 25 kg/mu when the lotus root buds are in the middle stage; after the field is divided and propagated in ten days in the middle of 6 months, the water depth is continuously kept over 10 cm, and after 1 week, root-pricking fertilizer is applied, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 50 kg/mu; topdressing germination-promoting fertilizer after 4 weeks, wherein 15 kg/mu of urea is applied; in winter, the lotus root field is not water-cut off, new buds of the lotus roots emerge from the water surface in the next 4 months, and bud-strengthening fertilizer is applied, wherein 15 kilograms of urea is applied per mu; when the lotus roots are subjected to leaf setting, applying leaf setting fertilizer, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 40 kilograms per mu; in the initial flowering period, applying additional bud fertilizer with 50 kg/mu of organic fertilizer; when the lotus seedpod is full, additional fertilizer is applied to increase yield, and 15 kilograms of urea are applied per mu;
step four: dividing lotus roots into fields at proper periods: planting lotus roots in the beginning of 4 months, digging lotus roots in the middle ten days of 6 months, growing 2 new lotus roots per plant, yielding more than 1100 kilograms of lotus roots per mu, planting 10 mu by field division, using quantity of the lotus roots per mu of 100 kilograms per mu, planting 54 lotus roots per mu in density by field division, arranging the lotus roots in parallel transversely at 2.5m intervals, and planting in mud;
step five: scientific lotus root seed digging and field remaining density: when lotus seeds are dug in the middle ten days of 6 months, the stem and leaf parts of the lotus roots are cut off by fingers, the length of the lotus roots is kept between 30 and 40 centimeters, and the lotus roots are pulled by hands to discharge water to be used as field division and propagation of the lotus seeds; when lotus root seeds are dug, slightly stripping small-branch lotus roots on the lotus roots, leaving the small-branch lotus roots in situ to be used as the lotus root seeds without interrupting the growth process, and additionally planting 100 kilograms of lotus root seeds between the paths where the small-branch lotus roots are left to ensure that 222 plants are planted per mu in the small-branch lotus root field;
step six: the method comprises the following steps of (1) early propagation and lotus root picking and marketing: the lotus roots are dug and listed in the middle ten days of 6 months in advance, the growth period reaches 12 months, 4-6 nodes of the lotus roots exist, and the yield per mu of commercial lotus roots is more than 1600 kilograms.
2. The early propagation enhancing method of early-maturing lotus roots according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, early-maturing variety with short growth period is selected, and the nondestructive lotus root body is selected to prevent diseases caused by infection of disease and infectious microbes and stably improve yield.
3. The method for early expanding propagation and enhancing efficiency of early-maturing lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, the planting density of the lotus roots in the early propagation expanding mode is increased by 44 plants per mu compared with the traditional planting mode, the plant spacing of the traditional planting mode is 1.5m, the row spacing is 2.5m, and the purpose of increasing the planting density is to expand the propagation expanding base number of the lotus roots and realize rapid propagation expanding.
4. The early propagation enhancing method of early-maturing lotus roots according to claim 1, wherein: scientific management of fertilizer and water for expanding propagation of lotus roots in advance is enhanced in the third step, the depth of a 10 cm water layer is kept, the fertilization principle is that an organic fertilizer is combined with an inorganic fertilizer, a base fertilizer is combined with a top dressing fertilizer, a small amount of the base fertilizer is combined with multiple times, the top dressing fertilizer is applied according to a set of meals, the set of meals is applied by root-tying fertilizer, bud promoting fertilizer, bud strengthening fertilizer, leaf setting fertilizer, flower bud fertilizer and yield increasing fertilizer, and the purpose is to realize accurate and scientific fertilization; the fertilizing amount is as follows: decomposing organic fertilizer of 500 kg/mu, and applying the organic fertilizer as base fertilizer once; 215 kg/mu of commercial organic fertilizer is used as additional fertilizer and is applied in five times; 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu is applied at one time when the line is closed; 45 kilograms of urea per mu is used as additional fertilizer and is applied in three times.
5. The early propagation enhancing method of early-maturing lotus roots according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the lotus roots are classified into fields at proper time: when the lotus roots are planted in the early 4 months, the density is guaranteed, the top dressing is carried out in time, the lotus seed harvesting yield in 6 months is guaranteed, the planting density is reduced in field dividing, enough space is reserved for the 12-month growth period of the lotus roots, the lotus seeds are transversely planted, the growth of the lotus roots to rows is controlled, and the field space is reasonably utilized.
6. The early propagation enhancing method of early-maturing lotus roots according to claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, scientific lotus seed digging and field reserving density: digging lotus root seeds, and preventing water from entering lotus root stalks to cause rotten lotus roots when pinching off the stem leaves of the lotus roots by fingers; the density of the small branched lotus root field is increased because the growth speed of the small branched lotus root is relatively slow, and the high yield of the lotus root needs to fully utilize the space of the lotus root field and control the reasonable planting density.
7. The method for early expanding propagation and enhancing efficiency of early-maturing lotus roots according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the sixth step, the lotus roots are propagated in advance and harvested and listed: the lotus roots are harvested in the middle ten days of 6 months, the growth period of the lotus roots is long, the nutrients are accumulated enough, 2-3 knots of the lotus roots are more than that of the lotus roots planted traditionally, and the yield per mu is 100 kilograms.
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