CN112535081A - Planting method of yam shallow growing tank - Google Patents
Planting method of yam shallow growing tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN112535081A CN112535081A CN202011549089.9A CN202011549089A CN112535081A CN 112535081 A CN112535081 A CN 112535081A CN 202011549089 A CN202011549089 A CN 202011549089A CN 112535081 A CN112535081 A CN 112535081A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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Abstract
The invention relates to a planting method of a yam shallow growing tank, which comprises the steps of seed selection, germination acceleration, shallow growing tank manufacturing, soil preparation and tank placement, sowing, field management and harvesting. The planting method has the advantages of convenient planting and harvesting, capability of effectively solving the problems of rottenness and low emergence rate of Chinese yam seed blocks, high quality, high yield, attractive appearance and low breakage rate of the planted Chinese yam, capability of meeting the demands of more consumers on the appearance structure of the Chinese yam, high commodity value and large-area popularization and application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese yam planting in agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method of a Chinese yam shallow groove.
Background
The rhizoma Dioscoreae is Dioscoreaceae, named as rhizoma Dioscoreae. The Chinese yam is domesticated and cultivated from the wild Chinese yam, and through planting and evolution for many years, a unique regional high-quality variety is formed so far, the Chinese yam belongs to a herbal plant which can be used as both medicine and food, has yellow outer skin, white folded section, thin skin, tender meat, good threadiness, soft and non-rigid pulp, unique quality, superior taste and uniform thickness of an individual, and is in good standing of the Chinese ginseng.
The yam is rich in saponin, choline, amino acid, amylase, protein, mucopolysaccharide, fat, starch, vitamin, carbohydrate, various mineral substances and the like which are required by human bodies. Liu Yongxiang in Anshu city of Guizhou province is the main yam production area of Anshu and even Guizhou. The planted Chinese yam contains 16 amino acids with the amino acid content of 1049.31mg, 18 amino acids necessary for human body, can improve the conditions of weakness and weakness, and the diseases of middle-warmer energy, can improve the functional activities of spleen and stomach, and has the effects of nourishing body and kidney, benefiting brain and promoting blood circulation, lowering blood pressure, reducing blood sugar, prolonging life and the like. Meanwhile, the Chinese yam has high solid content, low water content, obviously higher nutrient content than other Chinese yams, particularly rich trace elements of Se, Fe, Zn, Mn and the like, thin skin, high edible part and low activity of polyphenol oxidase, and is a preferred variety for earning foreign exchange and deep processing in export.
The Chinese yam is convenient to eat, can be eaten by frying, stewing, frying, steaming and the like after being peeled or cleaned, has delicious taste and rich nutrition, is a pure natural original ecological food, can be used as both medicine and food, and has double effects of food supplement and invigoration. At present, the dietary level is continuously improved, the fresh Chinese yam is a green food which is good in color, fragrance and taste, safe to eat and has a health-care effect, and the planting prospect is very good along with the continuous increase of the market demand.
The traditional planting method is adopted to plant the Chinese yam, and the internal tissue structure of the Chinese yam is easy to change in the growth process due to the influence of factors such as adverse environmental conditions, cultivation measures, management methods and the like, so that various odd-shaped structures are generated, such as the upper end weight distribution, the lower end weight distribution, snakes, flat heads, palms, gourd-shaped and other outer-shaped structures of the Chinese yam tubers, and the outer-shaped structures are collectively called deformed Chinese yams; meanwhile, in the planting process of the Chinese yam, the tuber of the Chinese yam is easy to rot and the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, so that the Chinese yam planted and cultivated at present is low in quality, low in yield and poor in economic benefit, and cannot meet the market demand.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, provides a planting method convenient for planting and harvesting, can effectively solve the problems of rottenness and low emergence rate of Chinese yam seed blocks, enables the planted Chinese yam to have good quality, attractive appearance and low breakage rate, and can meet the requirements of more consumers on the appearance structure of the Chinese yam, in particular to a planting method of a Chinese yam shallow-growing tank.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a planting method of a yam shallow growing tank comprises the steps of seed selection, germination acceleration, shallow growing tank manufacturing, soil preparation and tank placing, sowing, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting healthy potato blocks harvested in a new garden as potato seeds, cutting the selected potato seeds into blocks, wherein the weight of each block is 35-45 g, and then stacking the potato blocks according to the weight of the head, the middle, the tail and the weight;
(2) accelerating germination: carrying out germination on the potato blocks in a classified and concentrated manner according to the head, the middle, the tail and the weight, firstly, flatly laying the potato blocks indoors for a layer of thickness of 10-18 cm, and then, covering a layer of wet straw on the flatly laid potato blocks; or on the outdoor ground, firstly leveling the ground to form a ridge surface, flatly paving the dried potato blocks on the ridge surface, flatly paving a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 8-15 cm, then covering the potato blocks with a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm, finally covering the fine soil with a layer of wet straw, and transplanting the potato blocks when bud eyes grow out;
(3) land preparation and groove placement: selecting a U-shaped plastic groove as a shallow groove, wherein the length, width and depth of the shallow groove are 80-120 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 5cm, selecting soil with fertile soil, deep soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage as a planting field, firstly manufacturing planting beds in the planting field, wherein the planting beds are manufactured into parallel inclined small groove structures, and planting in a single row is adopted, the furrow is covered by 1.4-1.7 m in each row, and the furrow depth is 15-30 cm; then, placing the shallow grooves into the planting furrows, and placing the shallow grooves and the horizontal plane of the planting field into the planting furrows at an oblique angle of 12-18 degrees;
(4) sowing: according to the local climate characteristics, seeding is carried out before the Qingming festival in the seeding period, seed potatoes subjected to germination acceleration are transplanted in the shallow growth tank during seeding, the distance between the bud eyes of the seed potatoes and the upper end of the shallow growth tank is 1.8-2.2 cm, if the seed potatoes are large, the bud eyes face the side edges of the shallow growth tank, long-strip-shaped potato seeds are placed parallel to the shallow growth tank, 1400-1600 potato seeds are planted per mu, 18-23 g of compound fertilizer is applied to each planted plant after planting, 180-220 kg of plant ash is applied or hole-applied per mu, 1400-1600 kg of decomposed organic matter farmyard manure is arranged around the shallow growth tank, and finally, a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 3-5 cm is covered;
(5) field management: the field management comprises shading management, erecting of a support, fertilizer and water management, intertillage weeding and pest control, wherein the shading management is to keep a soil layer moist by covering shading objects, so that potato blocks grow up quickly, the ground is drenched after rain or in a watering mode before erecting of the support after seedling emergence, a single row of planting beds are covered by a black mulching film, four sides of the mulching film are compressed, and finally straw or other shading objects are covered; the support is erected after the Chinese yam is sowed for 10-15 days, when most of the potato seedlings are exposed out of the ground, the support is erected, bamboo materials of the support are erected into double-row herringbone supports, and Chinese yam vines are naturally wound on the herringbone supports from bottom to top so as to prevent the tender vines from being dried and withered on the ground; and (3) fertilizer and water management: after aligning seedlings of the Chinese yams, topdressing is carried out for 1 time every 15-25 days, and the Chinese yams are applied for 3-4 times in parallel, wherein 20-30 Kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 150-200 Kg of oil cakes are applied for each mu each time, the fertilizer application should be covered with soil, so that fertilizer efficiency loss is avoided, meanwhile, water management is carried out, watering is carried out for a long time in a drought condition, water is drained in time in a rainy season, and in 7-10 months, potato blocks are in a quick expansion period, and the soil needs to be kept moist; the intertillage weeding comprises the following steps: shallow ploughing is adopted when intertillage and weeding are carried out so as to avoid damaging root systems; after watering for the 1 st time, intertillage can be carried out by combining weeding so as to improve the ground temperature, chemical weeding can be carried out on the premise of manual weeding, and the chemical weeding mode is adopted, namely after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, 10-20 kg of water is sprayed by 20mL of dextro-benoxanil every mu, so that various weeds in the Chinese yam field can be effectively prevented and removed; the pest control method comprises the steps of spraying 50-70 kg of water on the ground of Chinese yam by a sprayer when 90% dipterex soluble powder 450-550 g or 35% endosulfan missible oil 200-300 g per mu is wet in 6-7 months, so as to control grubs, and spraying 40-60 kg of water by adopting 20% dicofol missible oil 180-220 g, 50% sulfur suspending agent 220-280 g and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 80-120 g so as to control red spiders, leaf spot and anthracnose;
(6) harvesting: harvesting is started after the middle ten days of Yuanyue in the next year, and the harvesting period can last for 4-5 months.
Further, in the planting method of the yam shallow growing tank, the selected potato seeds are cut into pieces in the seed selection process in the step (1), each piece is 38-42 g in weight, the cut openings are sealed by lime or plant ash, and classified and concentrated planting is adopted during planting, so that balanced and coordinated growth of the yams is facilitated.
Further, in the planting method of the yam shallow growing tank, in the germination accelerating process in the step (2), before germination accelerating, the yam is washed by clear water, then soaked in 800 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder for 10 minutes, taken out and dried; when accelerating germination, firstly, flatly laying a layer of dried potato blocks indoors with the thickness of 14-16 cm, and then covering a layer of wet straw on the flatly laid potato blocks; or on the outdoor ground, firstly shoveling the ground to form a ridge surface, flatly paving the dried potato blocks on the ridge surface, flatly paving a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 10-12 cm, then covering the potato blocks with a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 8-10 cm, finally covering the fine soil with a layer of wet straw, and transplanting the potato blocks when bud eyes grow.
Furthermore, in the planting method of the yam shallow grooves, in the step (3), in the groove preparation and placement process, the length, width and depth of the shallow grooves are 100 x 6 x 5cm, in the planting ridge manufacturing process, for planting lands with high terrain, low underground water level, sandy soil and convenient drainage, the ridges can be smaller, the grooves can be shallow, and for planting lands with lower terrain, more viscous soil, higher underground water level and difficult drainage, the ridges should be larger, and the grooves should be deeper; and then placing the shallow grooves into the planting furrows, placing the shallow grooves into the planting furrows at an oblique angle of 15 degrees with the horizontal plane of the planting field, and controlling the height difference between the upper ends and the lower ends of the shallow grooves to be 23-27 cm.
Furthermore, in the planting method of the yam shallow growing tank, in the seeding process of the step (4), loose and soft filler is placed in the shallow growing tank, the loose and soft filler is made of soft silt or is made of silt and wood bran or chaff bran through mixing, the weight ratio of the loose and soft filler to the wood bran or the chaff bran is 80:20, after the shallow growing tank is filled with the loose and soft filler, a layer of sandy soil containing 50% of lime powder covers the loose and soft filler, the thickness of the sandy soil is 2-3 cm, the sandy soil is used for being separated from cultivated soil to prevent black skin diseases and insect pests, and marks are left at the upper end of the shallow growing tank; after the loose soft filler is placed, transplanting the seed potatoes which are subjected to germination acceleration, enabling the distance between the bud eyes of the seed potatoes and the upper end of the shallow growth groove to be 2cm, enabling the bud eyes to face the side edge of the shallow growth groove if the seed potatoes are large, enabling the long-strip-shaped potato seeds to be parallel to the shallow growth groove when placed, planting 1450-1550 plants per mu, applying 20g of compound fertilizer to each plant after planting, simultaneously applying 190-210 kg of plant ash to each mu in a broadcasting or hole mode, applying 1450-1550 kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure to the periphery of the shallow growth groove, and finally covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 3-4 cm.
Further, in the planting method of the yam shallow growing tank, in the field management process in the step (5), the shading management is to cover shading objects to keep a soil layer moist, so that potato blocks can grow up quickly, and before a support is erected after seedling emergence, the ground is drenched after rain or in a watering mode, a black mulching film is adopted to cover the single row of planting beds, the four sides of the mulching film are compressed, and finally straw or other shading objects are covered; the support is erected after the Chinese yam is sowed for 15 days, when most of the potato seedlings are exposed out of the ground, the bamboo materials of the support are erected into double-row herringbone supports, and Chinese yam vines are naturally wound on the herringbone supports from bottom to top so as to prevent the tender vines from being dried and withered on the ground; and (3) fertilizer and water management: after the yams are aligned to seedlings, topdressing is carried out for 1 time every 20-25 days, and the topdressing is carried out for 4 times in parallel, wherein 25kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 180kg of oil cake are applied to each mu of the yams, the fertilizers are covered with soil to avoid fertilizer efficiency loss, meanwhile, water management is carried out, irrigation is carried out for a long time in a drought state, water is drained in a rainy season, and the yams are in a fast expansion period in 7-10 months and need to be kept moist in soil; the intertillage weeding comprises the following steps: shallow ploughing is adopted when intertillage and weeding are carried out so as to avoid damaging root systems; after watering for the 1 st time, intertillage can be carried out by combining weeding so as to improve the ground temperature, chemical weeding can be carried out on the premise of manual weeding, and the chemical weeding mode is adopted, namely after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, 20mL of dextro-benazolin-ethyl benazolin is sprayed to 15kg of water per mu, so that various weeds in the Chinese yam field can be effectively prevented and removed; the pest control method comprises the steps of spraying 500g of 90% dipterex soluble powder or 250g of 35% endosulfan emulsifiable concentrate to 60kg of water to the ground of Chinese yam by a sprayer when the soil is wet in 6-7 months per mu so as to control grubs, and spraying 50kg of water by 200g of 20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate, 250g of 50% suspending agent and 100g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder so as to control red spiders, leaf spot and anthracnose.
Further, in the planting method of the shallow grooves of the Chinese yam, in the harvesting process in the step (6), when the soil is turned over during harvesting, the whole potato chips are taken out, the shallow grooves are reserved, soil is covered again, and planting is carried out in a proper season; or cutting with a knife at a distance of about 10cm from the potato head, taking out the potato blocks and leaving the potato head, reserving the shallow groove, covering soil again, and performing daily management to grow the potato again.
Compared with the prior art, the planting method of the yam shallow grooves has the beneficial effects that: the shallow growing grooves are arranged in the manufactured planting furrows, the shallow growing grooves and the horizontal plane of the planting ground are arranged to form an inclined structure, the loose soft filler is firstly arranged in the shallow growing grooves, then a layer of thin sandy soil containing 50% of lime powder is covered on the loose soft filler, and the thin sandy soil is utilized to be separated from the cultivated soil, so that the occurrence of black skin diseases and insect pests can be effectively prevented; then, the seed potatoes which are subjected to germination acceleration are transplanted, so that the timely and orderly emergence of seedlings of the Chinese yams after sowing can be effectively ensured, the planting cost is saved, and the planting time is reduced; meanwhile, the shallow groove planting is adopted, the requirement on soil is not strict, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and planting; in addition, the shallow planting groove is adopted for planting, and through daily management, the harvesting cost is lower than that of the traditional planting mode in the harvesting process, and the harvesting is convenient.
In conclusion, the planting method provided by the invention is convenient to plant and harvest, and can effectively solve the problems of yam seed block rot and low rate of emergence, so that the planted yam has the advantages of good quality, high yield, attractive appearance and low breakage rate, can meet the requirements of more consumers on the appearance structure of the yam, has high commodity value, and is worthy of large-area popularization and application.
Detailed Description
In order to more fully explain the practice of the invention, the invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
a planting method of a yam shallow growing tank comprises the steps of seed selection, germination acceleration, shallow growing tank manufacturing, soil preparation and tank placing, sowing, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting healthy potato blocks harvested in a new garden as potato seeds, cutting the selected potato seeds into blocks, wherein the weight of each block is 35-40 g, sealing the cut openings by using lime or plant ash, and stacking the potato blocks according to the head, the middle, the tail and the weight; during planting, classified and centralized planting is adopted, so that balanced and coordinated growth of the Chinese yam is facilitated;
(2) accelerating germination: before germination accelerating, washing with clear water, performing germination accelerating in a classified and concentrated manner according to the head, middle, tail and weight, then soaking in 800 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder for 10 minutes, taking out and drying in the air; the specific germination accelerating process comprises the steps of firstly, flatly laying a layer of dried potato blocks indoors with the thickness of 10-15 cm, and then covering a layer of wet straw on the flatly laid potato blocks; or on the outdoor ground, firstly leveling the ground to form a ridge surface, flatly paving the dried potato blocks on the ridge surface, flatly paving a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 8-10 cm, then covering the potato blocks with a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 5-7 cm, finally covering the fine soil with a layer of wet straw, and transplanting the potato blocks when bud eyes grow out;
(3) land preparation and groove placement: selecting a U-shaped plastic groove as a shallow groove, wherein the length, width and depth of the shallow groove are 80 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 5cm, selecting soil with fertile soil, deep soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage as a planting field, firstly manufacturing planting beds in the planting field, manufacturing the planting beds into parallel inclined small groove structures, and planting in a single row, wherein each bed in the single row is 1.4-1.5 m in depth and 15-20 cm in depth; in the planting bed making process, for planting fields with high terrain, low underground water level, sandy soil and convenient drainage, the bed can be smaller and the ditch can be shallow, and for planting fields with low terrain, viscous soil, high underground water level and difficult drainage, the bed should be larger and the ditch should be deeper; then, placing the shallow grooves into the planting furrows at an oblique angle of 12 degrees with the horizontal plane of the planting field, and controlling the height difference between the upper ends and the lower ends of the shallow grooves to be 23-25 cm;
(4) sowing: according to the local climate characteristics in the sowing period, sowing is carried out before the Qingming festival, when sowing, firstly, loose and soft filler is placed in a shallow green tank, the loose and soft filler adopts soft powder sand, after the shallow green tank is filled with the loose and soft filler, a layer of thin sandy soil containing 50% of lime powder is covered on the loose and soft filler, the thickness of the thin sandy soil is 2-3 cm, the thin sandy soil is utilized to be separated from cultivated soil, black skin diseases and insect pests are prevented, and meanwhile, a mark is left at the upper end of the shallow green tank; after the soft filler is placed, transplanting the seed potatoes subjected to germination acceleration in a shallow growth tank, enabling the distance between the bud eyes of the seed potatoes and the upper end of the shallow growth tank to be 1.8cm, enabling the bud eyes to face the side edges of the shallow growth tank if the seed potatoes are large, enabling the long-strip-shaped potato seeds to be parallel to the shallow growth tank when placed, planting 1400 plants per mu, applying 18g of compound fertilizer to each plant after planting, simultaneously applying 180kg of plant ash per mu in a broadcasting or hole mode, applying 1400kg of decomposed organic matter farmyard manure around the shallow growth tank, and finally covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 3-4 cm;
(5) field management: the field management comprises shading management, erecting of a support, fertilizer and water management, intertillage weeding and pest control, wherein the shading management is to keep a soil layer moist by covering shading objects, so that potato blocks grow up quickly, the ground is drenched after rain or in a watering mode before erecting of the support after seedling emergence, a single row of planting beds are covered by a black mulching film, four sides of the mulching film are compressed, and finally straw or other shading objects are covered; the support is erected only when most of the potato seedlings are exposed out of the ground 10 days after the Chinese yam is sowed, bamboo materials of the support are erected into double-row herringbone supports, and Chinese yam vines are naturally wound on the herringbone supports from bottom to top so as to prevent the tender vines from being dried and withered on the ground; and (3) fertilizer and water management: after the yams are aligned to seedlings, topdressing is carried out for 1 time every 15 days, and the topdressing is carried out for 4 times in parallel, wherein 20Kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 150Kg of oil cakes are applied to each mu every time, soil is covered for fertilization, so that the fertilizer efficiency loss is avoided, meanwhile, water management is carried out, irrigation is carried out for a long time in a drought environment, water is drained in a rainy season, and in 7-10 months, potato blocks are in a quick expansion period, and the soil needs to be kept moist; the intertillage weeding comprises the following steps: shallow ploughing is adopted when intertillage and weeding are carried out so as to avoid damaging root systems; after watering for the 1 st time, intertillage can be carried out by combining weeding so as to improve the ground temperature, chemical weeding can be carried out on the premise of manual weeding, and the chemical weeding mode is adopted, namely after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, 20mL of dextro-benazolin-ethyl benazolin is sprayed to 10kg of water per mu, so that various weeds in the Chinese yam field can be effectively prevented and removed; the pest control is that 450g of trichlorfon soluble powder or 200g of 35% endosulfan missible oil is sprayed on 50kg of water on the yam ground by a sprayer to control grubs per mu when the soil is wet in the period of 6-7 months, and 180g of dicofol missible oil with 20%, 220g of sulfur suspending agent with 50% and 80g of carbendazim wettable powder with 40kg of water are sprayed to control red spiders, leaf spot and anthracnose;
(6) harvesting: harvesting is started after the middle ten days of Yuanyue in the second year, and the harvesting period can last for 4-5 months; during harvesting, after the soil is turned over, taking out the whole chips, reserving the shallow grooves, covering the soil again, and planting the chips in proper seasons; or cutting with a knife at a distance of about 10cm from the potato head, taking out the potato blocks and leaving the potato head, reserving the shallow groove, covering soil again, and performing daily management to grow the potato again.
Example 2:
a planting method of a yam shallow growing tank comprises the steps of seed selection, germination acceleration, shallow growing tank manufacturing, soil preparation and tank placing, sowing, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting healthy potato blocks harvested in a new garden as potato seeds, cutting the selected potato seeds into blocks, sealing the cut with lime or plant ash, and stacking according to the head, the middle, the tail and the weight; during planting, classified and centralized planting is adopted, so that balanced and coordinated growth of the Chinese yam is facilitated;
(2) accelerating germination: before germination accelerating, washing with clear water, performing germination accelerating in a classified and concentrated manner according to the head, middle, tail and weight, then soaking in 800 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder for 10 minutes, taking out and drying in the air; the specific germination accelerating process comprises the steps of firstly, flatly laying a layer of dried potato blocks indoors with the thickness of 14-16 cm, and then covering a layer of wet straw on the flatly laid potato blocks; or on the outdoor ground, firstly leveling the ground to form a ridge surface, flatly paving the dried potato blocks on the ridge surface, flatly paving a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 10-12 cm, then covering the potato blocks with a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 6-9 cm, finally covering the fine soil with a layer of wet straw, and transplanting the potato blocks when bud eyes grow out;
(3) land preparation and groove placement: selecting a U-shaped plastic groove as a shallow groove, wherein the length, width and depth of the shallow groove are 100 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 5cm, selecting soil with fertile soil, deep soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage as a planting field, firstly manufacturing planting beds in the planting field, manufacturing the planting beds into parallel inclined small groove structures, and planting in a single row, wherein each bed in the single row is 1.5-1.6 m in depth and 20-25 cm in depth; in the planting bed making process, for planting fields with high terrain, low underground water level, sandy soil and convenient drainage, the bed can be smaller and the ditch can be shallow, and for planting fields with low terrain, viscous soil, high underground water level and difficult drainage, the bed should be larger and the ditch should be deeper; then, placing the shallow grooves into the planting furrows at an oblique angle of 15 degrees with the horizontal plane of the planting field, and controlling the height difference between the upper ends and the lower ends of the shallow grooves to be 24-26 cm;
(4) sowing: according to the local climate characteristics in the sowing period, sowing is carried out before the Qingming festival, when sowing, loose and soft fillers are placed in a shallow raw trough and are mixed by adopting silt and sawdust or chaff, the weight ratio of the loose and soft fillers is 80:20, after the shallow raw trough is filled with the loose and soft fillers, a layer of thin sandy soil containing 50% of lime powder is covered on the loose and soft fillers, the thickness of the thin sandy soil is 2-3 cm, the thin sandy soil is used for being separated from cultivated soil to prevent black skin diseases and insect pests, and marks are left at the upper end of the shallow raw trough; after the soft filler is placed, transplanting the seed potatoes subjected to germination acceleration in a shallow growth tank, enabling the distance between the bud eyes of the seed potatoes and the upper end of the shallow growth tank to be 2.0cm, enabling the bud eyes to face the side edges of the shallow growth tank if the seed potatoes are large, enabling the long-strip-shaped potato seeds to be parallel to the shallow growth tank when placed, planting 1500 plants per mu, applying 20g of compound fertilizer to each plant after planting, applying 200kg of plant ash per mu in a broadcasting or hole mode, applying 1500kg of decomposed organic matter farmyard manure around the shallow growth tank, and finally covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 3-4 cm;
(5) field management: the field management comprises shading management, erecting of a support, fertilizer and water management, intertillage weeding and pest control, wherein the shading management is to keep a soil layer moist by covering shading objects, so that potato blocks grow up quickly, the ground is drenched after rain or in a watering mode before erecting of the support after seedling emergence, a single row of planting beds are covered by a black mulching film, four sides of the mulching film are compressed, and finally straw or other shading objects are covered; the support is erected after the Chinese yam is sowed for 15 days, when most of the potato seedlings are exposed out of the ground, the bamboo materials of the support are erected into double-row herringbone supports, and Chinese yam vines are naturally wound on the herringbone supports from bottom to top so as to prevent the tender vines from being dried and withered on the ground; and (3) fertilizer and water management: after the yams are aligned to seedlings, topdressing is carried out for 1 time every 20 days, and the topdressing is carried out for 4 times in parallel, wherein 25kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 180kg of oil cake are applied to each mu of the yams, the fertilization is covered with soil, so that the fertilizer efficiency loss is avoided, meanwhile, water management is carried out, watering is carried out for a long time in a drought environment, water is drained in a rainy season, and the yams are in a fast expansion period in 7-10 months and need to be kept moist in soil; the intertillage weeding comprises the following steps: shallow ploughing is adopted when intertillage and weeding are carried out so as to avoid damaging root systems; after watering for the 1 st time, intertillage can be carried out by combining weeding so as to improve the ground temperature, chemical weeding can be carried out on the premise of manual weeding, and the chemical weeding mode is adopted, namely after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, 20mL of dextro-benazolin-ethyl benazolin is sprayed to 15kg of water per mu, so that various weeds in the Chinese yam field can be effectively prevented and removed; the pest control method comprises the steps of spraying 500g of 90% dipterex soluble powder or 250g of 35% endosulfan missible oil to 60kg of water on the ground of Chinese yam by a sprayer when the soil is wet in 6-7 months per mu so as to control grubs, and spraying 50kg of water by 200g of 20% dicofol missible oil, 250g of 50% suspending agent and 100g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder so as to control red spiders, leaf spot and anthracnose;
(6) harvesting: harvesting is started after the middle ten days of Yuanyue in the second year, and the harvesting period can last for 4-5 months; during harvesting, after the soil is turned over, taking out the whole chips, reserving the shallow grooves, covering the soil again, and planting the chips in proper seasons; or cutting with a knife at a distance of about 10cm from the potato head, taking out the potato blocks and leaving the potato head, reserving the shallow groove, covering soil again, and performing daily management to grow the potato again.
Example 3:
a planting method of a yam shallow growing tank comprises the steps of seed selection, germination acceleration, shallow growing tank manufacturing, soil preparation and tank placing, sowing, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting healthy potato blocks harvested in a new garden as potato seeds, cutting the selected potato seeds into blocks, wherein the weight of each block is 40-45 g, sealing the cut openings by using lime or plant ash, and stacking the potato blocks according to the head, the middle, the tail and the weight; during planting, classified and centralized planting is adopted, so that balanced and coordinated growth of the Chinese yam is facilitated;
(2) accelerating germination: before germination accelerating, washing with clear water, performing germination accelerating in a classified and concentrated manner according to the head, middle, tail and weight, then soaking in 800 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder for 10 minutes, taking out and drying in the air; the specific germination accelerating process comprises the steps of firstly, flatly laying a layer of dried potato blocks with the thickness of 16-18 cm indoors, and then covering a layer of wet straw on the flatly laid potato blocks; or on the outdoor ground, firstly leveling the ground to form a ridge surface, flatly paving the dried potato blocks on the ridge surface, flatly paving a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 12-15 cm, then covering the potato blocks with a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 8-10 cm, finally covering the fine soil with a layer of wet straw, and transplanting the potato blocks when bud eyes grow out;
(3) land preparation and groove placement: selecting a U-shaped plastic groove as a shallow groove, wherein the length, width and depth of the shallow groove are 120 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 5cm, selecting soil with fertile soil, deep soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage as a planting field, firstly manufacturing planting beds in the planting field, manufacturing the planting beds into parallel inclined small groove structures, and planting in a single row, wherein each bed in the single row is 1.6-1.7 m in thickness and 25-30 cm in depth; in the planting bed making process, for planting fields with high terrain, low underground water level, sandy soil and convenient drainage, the bed can be smaller and the ditch can be shallow, and for planting fields with low terrain, viscous soil, high underground water level and difficult drainage, the bed should be larger and the ditch should be deeper; then, placing the shallow grooves into the planting furrows at an oblique angle of 18 degrees with the horizontal plane of the planting field, and controlling the height difference between the upper ends and the lower ends of the shallow grooves to be 25-27 cm;
(4) sowing: according to the local climate characteristics in the sowing period, sowing is carried out before the Qingming festival, when sowing, loose and soft fillers are placed in a shallow raw trough and are mixed by adopting silt and sawdust or chaff, the weight ratio of the loose and soft fillers is 80:20, after the shallow raw trough is filled with the loose and soft fillers, a layer of thin sandy soil containing 50% of lime powder is covered on the loose and soft fillers, the thickness of the thin sandy soil is 2-3 cm, the thin sandy soil is used for being separated from cultivated soil to prevent black skin diseases and insect pests, and marks are left at the upper end of the shallow raw trough; after the soft filler is placed, transplanting seed potatoes which are subjected to germination acceleration, transplanting the seed potatoes which are subjected to germination acceleration in a shallow growth tank, enabling the distance between the bud eyes of the seed potatoes and the upper end of the shallow growth tank to be 2.3cm, enabling the bud eyes to face the side edges of the shallow growth tank if the seed potatoes are large, enabling the long-strip-shaped potato seeds to be parallel to the shallow growth tank when placed, planting 1600 plants per mu, applying 23g of compound fertilizer to each plant after planting, simultaneously applying 220kg of plant ash per mu in a broadcasting or hole mode, applying 1600kg of decomposed organic matter farmyard manure around the shallow growth tank, and finally covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 4-5 cm;
(5) field management: the field management comprises shading management, erecting of a support, fertilizer and water management, intertillage weeding and pest control, wherein the shading management is to keep a soil layer moist by covering shading objects, so that potato blocks grow up quickly, the ground is drenched after rain or in a watering mode before erecting of the support after seedling emergence, a single row of planting beds are covered by a black mulching film, four sides of the mulching film are compressed, and finally straw or other shading objects are covered; the support is erected after the Chinese yam is sowed for 15 days, when most of the potato seedlings are exposed out of the ground, the bamboo materials of the support are erected into double-row herringbone supports, and Chinese yam vines are naturally wound on the herringbone supports from bottom to top so as to prevent the tender vines from being dried and withered on the ground; and (3) fertilizer and water management: after aligning seedlings of the Chinese yam, topdressing for 1 time every 25 days, and parallel application for 3 times, wherein 30Kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 200Kg of oil cake are applied to each mu every time, soil is covered for fertilization to avoid fertilizer efficiency loss, water management is performed at the same time, water is irrigated for a long time in a dry field, and water is drained in a rainy season in time, and the Chinese yam blocks are in a quick expansion period in 7-10 months, and the soil needs to be kept moist; the intertillage weeding comprises the following steps: shallow ploughing is adopted when intertillage and weeding are carried out so as to avoid damaging root systems; after watering for the 1 st time, intertillage can be carried out by combining weeding so as to improve the ground temperature, chemical weeding can be carried out on the premise of manual weeding, and the chemical weeding mode is adopted, namely 20mL of dextro-benazolin is sprayed to 20kg of water per mu after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge so as to effectively prevent and kill various weeds in the Chinese yam field; the pest control is that in the period of 6-7 months, when the land is wet, 550g of 90% trichlorfon soluble powder or 300g of 35% endosulfan missible oil is sprayed on the ground of Chinese yam by a sprayer for 70kg of water per mu so as to control grubs, and 220g of 20% dicofol missible oil, 280g of 50% suspending agent and 120g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder are sprayed on 60kg of water so as to control red spiders, leaf spot and anthracnose;
(6) harvesting: harvesting is started after the middle ten days of Yuanyue in the next year, and the harvesting period can last for 4-5 months. During harvesting, after the soil is turned over, taking out the whole chips, reserving the shallow grooves, covering the soil again, and planting the chips in proper seasons; or cutting with a knife at a distance of about 10cm from the potato head, taking out the potato blocks and leaving the potato head, reserving the shallow groove, covering soil again, and performing daily management to grow the potato again.
Compared with the traditional planting method, the planting method of the invention has the advantages that the potato seed consumption can be reduced by about 20%, the seedling emergence is neat, the seed block decay is low, and the planted yam has the advantages of good quality, high yield, beautiful appearance, low breakage rate and the like.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A planting method of a yam shallow groove is characterized in that: the planting method comprises the steps of seed selection, germination acceleration, shallow groove manufacturing, land preparation and groove placement, sowing, field management and harvesting, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting healthy potato blocks harvested in a new garden as potato seeds, cutting the selected potato seeds into blocks, wherein the weight of each block is 35-45 g, and then stacking the potato blocks according to the weight of the head, the middle, the tail and the weight;
(2) accelerating germination: carrying out germination on the potato blocks in a classified and concentrated manner according to the head, the middle, the tail and the weight, firstly, flatly laying the potato blocks indoors for a layer of thickness of 10-18 cm, and then, covering a layer of wet straw on the flatly laid potato blocks; or on the outdoor ground, firstly leveling the ground to form a ridge surface, flatly paving the dried potato blocks on the ridge surface, flatly paving a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 8-15 cm, then covering the potato blocks with a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 5-10 cm, finally covering the fine soil with a layer of wet straw, and transplanting the potato blocks when bud eyes grow out;
(3) land preparation and groove placement: selecting a U-shaped plastic groove as a shallow groove, wherein the length, width and depth of the shallow groove are 80-120 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 5cm, selecting soil with fertile soil, deep soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage as a planting field, firstly manufacturing planting beds in the planting field, wherein the planting beds are manufactured into parallel inclined small groove structures, and planting in a single row is adopted, the furrow is covered by 1.4-1.7 m in each row, and the furrow depth is 15-30 cm; then, placing the shallow grooves into the planting furrows, and placing the shallow grooves and the horizontal plane of the planting field into the planting furrows at an oblique angle of 12-18 degrees;
(4) sowing: according to the local climate characteristics, seeding is carried out before the Qingming festival in the seeding period, seed potatoes subjected to germination acceleration are transplanted in the shallow growth tank during seeding, the distance between the bud eyes of the seed potatoes and the upper end of the shallow growth tank is 1.8-2.2 cm, if the seed potatoes are large, the bud eyes face the side edges of the shallow growth tank, long-strip-shaped potato seeds are placed parallel to the shallow growth tank, 1400-1600 potato seeds are planted per mu, 18-23 g of compound fertilizer is applied to each planted plant after planting, 180-220 kg of plant ash is applied or hole-applied per mu, 1400-1600 kg of decomposed organic matter farmyard manure is arranged around the shallow growth tank, and finally, a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 3-5 cm is covered;
(5) field management: the field management comprises shading management, erecting of a support, fertilizer and water management, intertillage weeding and pest control, wherein the shading management is to keep a soil layer moist by covering shading objects, so that potato blocks grow up quickly, the ground is drenched after rain or in a watering mode before erecting of the support after seedling emergence, a single row of planting beds are covered by a black mulching film, four sides of the mulching film are compressed, and finally straw or other shading objects are covered; the support is erected after the Chinese yam is sowed for 10-15 days, when most of the potato seedlings are exposed out of the ground, the support is erected, bamboo materials of the support are erected into double-row herringbone supports, and Chinese yam vines are naturally wound on the herringbone supports from bottom to top so as to prevent the tender vines from being dried and withered on the ground; and (3) fertilizer and water management: after aligning seedlings of the Chinese yams, topdressing is carried out for 1 time every 15-25 days, and the Chinese yams are applied for 3-4 times in parallel, wherein 20-30 Kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 150-200 Kg of oil cakes are applied for each mu each time, the fertilizer application should be covered with soil, so that fertilizer efficiency loss is avoided, meanwhile, water management is carried out, watering is carried out for a long time in a drought condition, water is drained in time in a rainy season, and in 7-10 months, potato blocks are in a quick expansion period, and the soil needs to be kept moist; the intertillage weeding comprises the following steps: shallow ploughing is adopted when intertillage and weeding are carried out so as to avoid damaging root systems; after watering for the 1 st time, intertillage can be carried out by combining weeding so as to improve the ground temperature, chemical weeding can be carried out on the premise of manual weeding, and the chemical weeding mode is adopted, namely after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, 10-20 kg of water is sprayed by 20mL of dextro-benoxanil every mu, so that various weeds in the Chinese yam field can be effectively prevented and removed; the pest control method comprises the steps of spraying 50-70 kg of water on the ground of Chinese yam by a sprayer when 90% dipterex soluble powder 450-550 g or 35% endosulfan missible oil 200-300 g per mu is wet in 6-7 months, so as to control grubs, and spraying 40-60 kg of water by adopting 20% dicofol missible oil 180-220 g, 50% sulfur suspending agent 220-280 g and 50% carbendazim wettable powder 80-120 g so as to control red spiders, leaf spot and anthracnose;
(6) harvesting: harvesting is started after the middle ten days of Yuanyue in the next year, and the harvesting period can last for 4-5 months.
2. The planting method of the shallow growing tank of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the seed selection process in the step (1), the selected potato seeds are cut into blocks, the weight of each block is 38-42 g, the cut openings are sealed by lime or plant ash, and classified and concentrated planting is adopted during planting, so that balanced and coordinated growth of the yams is facilitated.
3. The planting method of the shallow growing tank of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the germination accelerating process in the step (2), before germination accelerating, the seeds are washed by clear water, and then soaked in 800 times of 25% carbendazim wettable powder for 10 minutes, taken out and dried; when accelerating germination, firstly, flatly laying a layer of dried potato blocks indoors with the thickness of 14-16 cm, and then covering a layer of wet straw on the flatly laid potato blocks; or on the outdoor ground, firstly shoveling the ground to form a ridge surface, flatly paving the dried potato blocks on the ridge surface, flatly paving a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 10-12 cm, then covering the potato blocks with a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 8-10 cm, finally covering the fine soil with a layer of wet straw, and transplanting the potato blocks when bud eyes grow.
4. The planting method of the shallow growing tank of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the process of preparing and placing the grooves in the step (3), the length, width and depth of the shallow grooves are 100 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 5cm, in the process of making the planting furrows, for planting fields with high terrain, low underground water level, sandy soil and convenient drainage, the furrows can be small, the grooves can be shallow, and for planting fields with low terrain, sticky soil, high underground water level and difficult drainage, the furrows are large and the grooves are deep; and then placing the shallow grooves into the planting furrows, placing the shallow grooves into the planting furrows at an oblique angle of 15 degrees with the horizontal plane of the planting field, and controlling the height difference between the upper ends and the lower ends of the shallow grooves to be 23-27 cm.
5. The planting method of the shallow growing tank of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the seeding process in the step (4), firstly placing soft filler in the shallow raw tank, wherein the soft filler is made of soft silt or is made of silt and sawdust or chaff and chaff, the weight ratio of the soft filler to the sawdust or the chaff is 80:20, after the shallow raw tank is filled with the soft filler, covering a layer of sandy soil containing 50% of lime powder on the soft filler, the thickness of the sandy soil is 2-3 cm, the sandy soil is used for being separated from cultivated soil to prevent black skin diseases and insect pests, and meanwhile, a mark is left at the upper end of the shallow raw tank; after the loose soft filler is placed, transplanting the seed potatoes which are subjected to germination acceleration, enabling the distance between the bud eyes of the seed potatoes and the upper end of the shallow growth groove to be 2cm, enabling the bud eyes to face the side edge of the shallow growth groove if the seed potatoes are large, enabling the long-strip-shaped potato seeds to be parallel to the shallow growth groove when placed, planting 1450-1550 plants per mu, applying 20g of compound fertilizer to each plant after planting, simultaneously applying 190-210 kg of plant ash to each mu in a broadcasting or hole mode, applying 1450-1550 kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure to the periphery of the shallow growth groove, and finally covering a layer of fine soil with the thickness of 3-4 cm.
6. The planting method of the shallow growing tank of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the field management process in the step (5), the shading management is to cover shading objects to keep a soil layer moist, so that potato blocks grow up quickly, the ground is drenched after rain or in a watering mode before a support is erected after seedling emergence, the single row planting beds are covered by black mulching films, the four sides of the mulching films are compressed, and finally straw or other shading objects are covered; the support is erected after the Chinese yam is sowed for 15 days, when most of the potato seedlings are exposed out of the ground, the bamboo materials of the support are erected into double-row herringbone supports, and Chinese yam vines are naturally wound on the herringbone supports from bottom to top so as to prevent the tender vines from being dried and withered on the ground; and (3) fertilizer and water management: after the yams are aligned to seedlings, topdressing is carried out for 1 time every 20-25 days, and the topdressing is carried out for 4 times in parallel, wherein 25kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and 180kg of oil cake are applied to each mu of the yams, the fertilizers are covered with soil to avoid fertilizer efficiency loss, meanwhile, water management is carried out, irrigation is carried out for a long time in a drought state, water is drained in a rainy season, and the yams are in a fast expansion period in 7-10 months and need to be kept moist in soil; the intertillage weeding comprises the following steps: shallow ploughing is adopted when intertillage and weeding are carried out so as to avoid damaging root systems; after watering for the 1 st time, intertillage can be carried out by combining weeding so as to improve the ground temperature, chemical weeding can be carried out on the premise of manual weeding, and the chemical weeding mode is adopted, namely after the Chinese yam seedlings emerge, 20mL of dextro-benazolin-ethyl benazolin is sprayed to 15kg of water per mu, so that various weeds in the Chinese yam field can be effectively prevented and removed; the pest control method comprises the steps of spraying 500g of 90% dipterex soluble powder or 250g of 35% endosulfan emulsifiable concentrate to 60kg of water to the ground of Chinese yam by a sprayer when the soil is wet in 6-7 months per mu so as to control grubs, and spraying 50kg of water by 200g of 20% dicofol emulsifiable concentrate, 250g of 50% suspending agent and 100g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder so as to control red spiders, leaf spot and anthracnose.
7. The planting method of the shallow growing tank of Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the harvesting process in the step (6), during harvesting, after soil is turned over, the whole potato chips are taken out, the shallow grooves are reserved, soil is covered again, and planting is carried out when the season is suitable; or cutting with a knife at a distance of about 10cm from the potato head, taking out the potato blocks and leaving the potato head, reserving the shallow groove, covering soil again, and performing daily management to grow the potato again.
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| CN107047033A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-08-18 | 邵阳市农业科学研究院 | A kind of long directional cultivation method of precocious thickening control of purple Chinese yam |
| CN107251725A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-10-17 | 韦健 | A kind of shallow raw groove directional cultivation new technology of Chinese yam |
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| CN107251725A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-10-17 | 韦健 | A kind of shallow raw groove directional cultivation new technology of Chinese yam |
| CN107047033A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-08-18 | 邵阳市农业科学研究院 | A kind of long directional cultivation method of precocious thickening control of purple Chinese yam |
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