CN112534144A - 自攻螺钉 - Google Patents

自攻螺钉 Download PDF

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CN112534144A
CN112534144A CN201980041060.9A CN201980041060A CN112534144A CN 112534144 A CN112534144 A CN 112534144A CN 201980041060 A CN201980041060 A CN 201980041060A CN 112534144 A CN112534144 A CN 112534144A
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thread
tap
diameter
tapping
self
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CN112534144B (zh
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M·阿琴巴赫
J·贝勒
R·比克尔巴赫
V·迪克曼
F·德拉施密特
J·哈克勒
R·戈贝尔
R·J·赫尔米格
I·塞利米
S·韦策尔
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Ejot LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/001—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed
    • F16B25/0015—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by the material of the body into which the screw is screwed the material being a soft organic material, e.g. wood or plastic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/0036—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw
    • F16B25/0042—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw
    • F16B25/0047—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw the ridge being characterised by its cross-section in the plane of the shaft axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/0036—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw
    • F16B25/0042—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw
    • F16B25/0057—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw the screw having distinct axial zones, e.g. multiple axial thread sections with different pitch or thread cross-sections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B25/00—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws
    • F16B25/0036—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw
    • F16B25/0042—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw
    • F16B25/0068—Screws that cut thread in the body into which they are screwed, e.g. wood screws characterised by geometric details of the screw characterised by the geometry of the thread, the thread being a ridge wrapped around the shaft of the screw with multiple-threads, e.g. a double thread screws

Abstract

本发明涉及自攻螺钉(10，30)，包括驱动器(12)和由主螺纹(16，32)构成的带螺纹的螺杆(14)。主螺纹(16，32)具有主螺纹外径最大值(DAF)，且包括开槽区(F)和其后的朝驱动器(12)方向的支承区(T)。在螺杆(14)远离驱动器(12)的一端是螺钉尾部(18)，螺钉尾部(18)的直径(DE)至少为主螺纹外径最大值(DAF)的20％。本发明的特征在于，在螺钉尾部(18)的区域，螺杆还包括一段丝锥螺纹(20)，丝锥螺纹(20)包含至少两各丝锥螺纹匝(20a，20b，20c)，这些丝锥螺纹匝(20a，20b，20c)的外径(DAA)不超过主螺纹外径最大值(DAF)的90％，并形成一个攻丝区。在攻丝区，丝锥螺纹匝(20a、20b、20c)显示出相同的直径轮廓，此外，在攻丝区(AB)中，主螺纹(16、32)的直径小于或等于丝锥螺纹匝(20a、20b、20c)的直径(DAA)。

Description

自攻螺钉
技术领域
本发明涉及权利要求1的前序部分所述的自攻螺钉。
背景技术
以已知方式，例如，EP 0948 719 B1公开的螺钉，尤其适用于拧入塑料材料，包含驱动器和带螺纹的螺杆。螺钉还包括主螺纹，主螺纹具有主螺纹外径最大值。主螺纹由支承区和螺纹开槽区组成，螺纹开槽区终止于丝锥螺纹制造完成整个内螺纹的位置。
螺钉的螺杆上，远离驱动器的一端是螺钉尾部，螺钉尾部的直径至少是主螺纹外径最大值的20％。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种旋入性能得到改善的螺钉。
此目的会通过权利要求1中的特征部分结合其前序部分来实现。
从属权利要求构成本发明的其他改进的方案。
根据本发明，在螺杆远端的螺钉尾部区域还有一段丝锥螺纹，包括至少两个丝锥螺纹匝。丝锥螺纹匝的外径最多可达主螺纹外径最大值的90％。由此在螺钉上形成了一个攻丝区。在该区域中，各丝锥螺纹匝具有相同的直径轮廓，此外，攻丝区中主螺纹直径小于或等于丝锥螺纹匝的直径。
这样做的好处是，通过丝锥螺纹匝，可以快速且笔直地旋入构件中的导孔，特别是塑料组件的导孔，使得开槽区后的支承区尽可能精确地对准，并沿着开槽区开好的内螺纹旋入，从而减少拧入过程中的摩擦。
根据本发明的优选方案，攻丝区的主螺纹具有与其丝锥螺纹相同的直径。这样，该区域中的主螺纹可以发挥丝锥螺纹的作用，并确保与螺钉拧入的导孔壁均匀贴靠。特别是，以这种方式设计的主螺纹加上两条丝锥螺纹匝，能确保螺钉处于最佳的定心和对准状态。
作为替代方式，也可以设置三个丝锥螺纹匝，攻丝区内主螺纹的直径小于其丝锥螺纹的直径。在此种设计方案中，丝锥螺纹匝在主螺纹开槽内螺纹后才具有定心功能。
丝锥螺纹匝优选从螺钉尾部区域的螺芯开始，并从螺芯开始不断扩大其直径。这样可以确保在应用过程中，螺钉均匀、快速地定心。
特别是，具有相同外径的丝锥螺纹匝在攻丝区的圆周上均匀分布。这也有助于螺钉定心。
此外，螺钉尾部的直径为主螺纹外径的至少30％或至少40％或至少50％或至少60％。这样一来，就形成了一个钝头螺钉，在较短的拧入距离后，螺钉即由导孔提供导向导孔。
尤其优选的是，攻丝区中的所有丝锥螺纹匝在同一个横切面上开始。这样设计可以确保整个攻丝区的螺纹均匀接触。
根据另一个优选方案，攻丝区的所有螺纹具有相同的螺牙设计，特别是相同的螺纹剖面。
优选地，丝锥螺纹直接连接在螺钉尾部，这样能够快速实现定心功能。
或者，丝锥螺纹也可以与螺钉尾部相距一段距离才开始。这种情况下，从丝锥螺纹开始处到螺钉尾部的这段距离可以实现定位功能。
丝锥螺纹和主螺纹可以采用滚压螺纹，以此降低生产成本。
丝锥螺纹和主螺纹在攻丝区可以有比主螺纹在攻丝区以外更钝的牙侧角。这样就可以具体考虑攻丝区的定心功能和主螺纹的开槽功能。
当丝锥螺纹达到最大外径后，丝锥螺纹突然终止。这样可以减少摩擦，尤其是减少拧入狭窄的导孔时产生的摩擦。
此外，根据本发明，丝锥螺纹最多延伸两圈。这样既能提供足够的引导，同时又能保证有效的螺纹连接。
根据本发明，还可以设置丝锥螺纹的中断部，中断部的螺纹的外径走向保持不变。
根据本发明，将主螺纹外径最大值置于开槽区，可进一步降低旋入扭矩，而且支承区的外径也更小。使得开槽区后的支承区可以被拧入已被开槽的稍大的内螺纹中，从而减少了螺牙的摩擦。这在拧入塑料时有特别好的作用。
更优选地是，主螺纹外径最大值处的螺纹横截面轮廓，至少在其径向外侧区域的螺纹横截面轮廓大于支承区在该区域的螺纹横截面。径向外侧区域约为主螺纹直径最大值的85％。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述螺钉的侧面图；
图2为在攻丝区沿穿过图1中螺杆的线B-B的横截面视图；
图3为本发明所述带有三个丝锥螺纹匝的螺钉的侧面图；
图4a为在攻丝区沿穿过图3中螺杆的线A-A的横截面视图；
图4b在攻丝区沿穿过图3中螺杆的线B-B的横截面视图；
图5为主螺纹在开槽区的螺纹截面轮廓与支承区的螺纹截面轮廓间的对比视图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的自攻螺钉10具有带螺纹的螺杆14和螺旋驱动器12。带螺纹的螺杆14设有主螺纹16，包含开槽区F和支承区T。开槽区F结束于主螺纹16在工件上制造完成整个内螺纹的位置，之后连接的是支承区T。该示例中，主螺纹16从螺杆的自由端18开始绕约两圈后设置开槽区F。
在此示例中，开槽区F和支承区T是同一螺牙的一部分，因此在开槽区F和支承区T之间不存在实际物理过渡。与驱动器相对的一端是螺钉尾部，也就是末端，是依据本发明设置的攻丝区AB。在此示例中攻丝区AB是由两条丝锥螺纹匝20a和20b直接从螺钉尾部18的螺芯(screw core)开始向上延伸到攻丝区AB的终端而成，且在此过程中所述丝锥螺纹匝20a,20b沿着朝向驱动器12的方向不断扩大其直径DAA。丝锥螺纹匝20a，20b在攻丝区AB的终端具有其最大外径DAA。该最大外径DAA小于主螺纹18直径DAF的90％。因此，丝锥螺纹固持性能不会受损，且仍可保持螺钉10定心和垂直拧入。主螺纹16以与丝锥螺纹匝20a，20b相同的方式在攻丝区AB上延伸。
图2所示的是沿大概穿过攻丝区AB中间位置的线B-B的横截面视图。该横截面视图显示了丝锥螺纹匝20a，20b和主螺纹16。所有螺纹在此处具有相同的直径DAA。虽然直径DAA从螺钉尾部开始向驱动器方向稳步增加，但在攻丝区AB的每个横截面上各条螺纹直径均相同。
图3为本发明另一实施例的侧视图，本实施中所述螺钉设置了三个丝锥螺纹匝20a，20b，20c，并且攻丝区AB中的主螺纹32的直径比丝锥螺纹匝20a，20b，20c的小。
主螺纹32始于攻丝区AB中丝锥螺纹匝20a，20b，20c之间，其直径不断增大，使其在攻丝区AB的端部达到丝锥螺纹匝20a，20b，20c的直径。丝锥螺纹20在攻丝区AB的端部处终止，而主螺纹32则沿着螺杆进一步延伸。螺牙直径在攻丝区AB的结尾处沿线A-A的横截面如图4a所示，而螺牙直径在螺杆沿线B-B的横截面如图4b所示。
此外，主螺纹32朝驱动器方向与攻丝区AB依次邻接开槽区F和支承区T。
主螺纹外径最大值DAF存在于开槽区F，经过开槽区F后内螺纹产生。在开槽区之后朝驱动器方向连接支承区T，其外径DAT小于主螺纹外径最大值DAF。这样设置减少了开槽区F后的支承区T在旋入过程中摩擦的产生，从而产生较低的旋入扭矩。
可以理解的是，本发明还涉及到螺钉，该螺钉具有根据图1所示设计的开槽区F和根据图3所示设计的主螺纹32，最大主螺纹外径DAF位于开槽区F中，而支承区的外径DAT较小。
图4a显示了沿攻丝区AB结束位置处穿过螺杆的线A-A的横截面视图。所有螺纹在此位置的外径DAA都相同。
图4b显示了沿大约在攻丝区AB中部的线B-B的横截面视图。该视图清楚地显示主螺纹32在由丝锥螺纹匝20a、20b、20c限定的外径DAA以内。
图5为主螺纹在开槽区的螺纹截面轮廓与支承区的螺纹截面轮廓间的对比视图。图5进一步显示，主螺纹外径最大值DAF区域的螺纹截面轮廓38至少在其螺纹截面轮廓的径向外侧区域E中，比该区域E中的支承区T的螺纹截面轮廓36大。

Claims (17)

1.一种自攻螺钉(10，30)，其包括驱动器(12)和带螺纹的螺杆(14)，所述螺杆(14))包括主螺纹(16，32)，所述主螺纹(16，32)具有一个主螺纹外径最大值(DAF)，且包括开槽区(F)和其后的朝驱动器(12)方向的支承区(T)，其中，所述螺杆(14)背离驱动器(12)的一端具有螺钉尾部(18)，所述螺钉尾部(18)的直径(DE)至少为所述主螺纹外径最大值(DAF)的20％，其特征在于：在所述螺钉尾部(18)的区域，所述螺杆还包括一段丝锥螺纹(20)，所述丝锥螺纹(20)包括至少两个丝锥螺纹匝(20a、20b、20c)，所述丝锥螺纹匝(20a、20b、20c)的外径(DAA)不大于主螺纹外径最大值(DAF)的90％，并形成一个攻丝区，在攻丝区，丝锥螺纹匝(20a，20b，20c)显示出相同的直径轮廓，此外，在攻丝区(AB)中，主螺纹(16、32)的直径小于或等于丝锥螺纹匝(20a、20b、20c)的直径(DAA)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，所述攻丝区(AB)的主螺纹(16，32)的直径与所述丝锥螺纹的直径(DAA)相对应。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，至少设有三个所述丝锥螺纹匝(20a、20b、20c)，其中，所述攻丝区的主螺纹的直径(D)小于所述丝锥螺纹(20)的直径(DAA)。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，所述丝锥螺纹匝(20a、20b、20c)从所述螺杆尾部(18)的螺芯开始，并不断增大其直径。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，具有相同外径(DAA，D)的所述丝锥螺纹匝(20a，20b，20c，16)在所述攻丝区(AB)的圆周上均匀分布。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，所述螺钉尾部(18)的直径(DE)为所述主螺纹外径(DAF)的至少20％或至少30％或至少40％或至少50％或至少60％。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，在所述攻丝区(AB)中的所有丝锥螺纹匝都在同一个横切面上开始。
8.根据权利要求7所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，所述攻丝区(AB)中的所有丝锥螺纹匝(20a，20b，16)具有相同的螺纹形式。
9.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，所述丝锥螺纹(20)直接连接于所述螺钉尾部(18)。
10.根据前述权利要求1至9任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，所述丝锥螺纹(20)与所述螺钉尾部(18)相距一段距离后开始。
11.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，所述丝锥螺纹(20)和所述主螺纹(16)采用滚压螺纹。
12.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，所述丝锥螺纹(20)和所述主螺纹(16)在所述攻丝区(AB)具有比在攻丝区之外的主螺纹(16)更钝的牙侧角。
13.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，所述丝锥螺纹(20)突然终止。
14.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，丝锥螺纹(20)最多延伸两圈。
15.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，设置所述丝锥螺纹的中断部，所述中断部的螺纹外径走向保持不变。
16.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，所述最大主螺纹外径(DAF)位于所述开槽区(F)，而所述支承区(T)的外径(DAT)较小。
17.根据权利要求16所述的自攻螺钉，其特征在于，所述最大主螺纹外径(DAF)处的螺纹横截面轮廓(38)至少在其螺纹横截面轮廓的径向外侧区域(E)中比该区域(E)中的支承区(T)的螺纹截面轮廓(36)大。
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