CN112493206B - Sow feeding method for pagoda pigs - Google Patents
Sow feeding method for pagoda pigs Download PDFInfo
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- CN112493206B CN112493206B CN202011441962.2A CN202011441962A CN112493206B CN 112493206 B CN112493206 B CN 112493206B CN 202011441962 A CN202011441962 A CN 202011441962A CN 112493206 B CN112493206 B CN 112493206B
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- soybean meal
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/132—Heterocyclic compounds containing only one nitrogen as hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pig raising. Relates to a sow feeding method of pagoda pigs, which mainly comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: selecting seeds and feeding in a backup period; the second step is that: feeding at the early stage of pregnancy; the third step: feeding at the late pregnancy; the fourth step: feeding in a lactation period; the fifth step: feeding in non-pregnant period. The technical scheme of the invention is applied to feeding the sow with the sophora japonica pig variety, and the feed is accurately prepared according to the variety characteristics and different growth physiological stages for feeding, so that the sow has the advantages of more farrowing, good uniformity and high survival rate, the farrowing rate of the sow is generally 12-18, and the survival rate is more than 97%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pig raising, in particular to a sow feeding method of pagoda pigs.
Background
The pagoda pig belongs to south China type pig species, is black in whole body, short and wide in head, has transverse wrinkles at the forehead, is large in abdomen and drooping, is full of buttocks and is fat in thighs. The adult pigs are mostly in lying systems, belong to small-sized premature and fatty pig species and have small physique.
The pagoda pig is one of local excellent varieties in China, the stock amount of the pagoda pig in the whole country in the 70 th 20 th century is about 70 thousands, the cultivation time of the pagoda pig from birth to slaughter is as long as one year of cultivation, and the lean meat rate is less, but the pagoda pig has the advantages of tender meat, delicious taste, strong disease resistance, coarse feeding resistance, low cultivation cost, strong fertility and rich amino acid content in the meat, and is a precious biological resource in China. In 80 and 90 years, as the foreign breeds only need about 6 months from birth to slaughter, the breeding period is short, and further, the policy has high support force on the foreign breeds, farmers strive to breed the foreign breeds and ignore the breeding of local excellent breeds under the drive of interests, so that the number of pagoda pigs is reduced in a cliff-breaking manner, and the excellent genetic genes face the risk of extinction by being endangered in the 90 years. At present, a cultivation technology for further improving the reproductive capacity of the pagoda pigs and preserving excellent genes of the pagoda pigs is urgently sought.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the sow feeding method for the pagodatree pig, and solves the problems that the number of piglets is small, the survival rate of the piglets is low, the piglets are easy to get ill and the like in the feeding process of the existing mountain sow.
A sow feeding method of pagoda pigs comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting seeds and feeding replacement sows:
seed selection: selecting 3-4 months old backup sophora japonica sows with vigorous appetite and strong physique;
oestrus of the sows to mating: starting to execute a backup sow immunization program at the age of 110 days, and feeding a backup sow feed in combination with silage; wherein each sow is fed with 1.8-2.2kg of replacement sow feed per day, and each sow is fed with 1.5-2.5kg of silage per day for 2-4 times; the post-preparation sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 42-46wt% of corn, 12-16wt% of soybean meal, 10-13wt% of bran, 21-25wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 2-4wt% of premix;
the gestational period comprises the early pregnancy period and the late pregnancy period;
(2) feeding sows at the early stage of pregnancy: mating-pregnancy 85 days, during which, 1.8-2.2kg of sow feed is fed to every sow at the early stage of pregnancy for 2-4 times; the sow feed in the early pregnancy stage consists of the following components in parts by weight: 60-62wt% of corn, 20-25wt% of soybean meal, 8-10wt% of bran, 4-7wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 2-4wt% of premix.
(3) Feeding sows at the later stage of pregnancy: and 4, pregnancy for 86-114 days: feeding each sow with 3.0-3.5kg of sow feed at late stage of pregnancy every day, and feeding with enteromycin for 2-4 times every day;
wherein, in the 70-90 days stage of gestation period, soybean and black bean are matched to feed the sow feed at the early stage of pregnancy or the sow feed at the early stage of pregnancy, and the feeding is divided into 2-4 times; 50-100g of soybeans and 50-100g of black soybeans are fed to each sow every day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans comprises the steps of mixing the soybeans and the black beans to prepare soybean milk, cooking the soybean milk, and feeding the soybean milk and the black beans together with sow feed at the early stage of pregnancy or sow feed needing to be fed at the early stage of pregnancy;
II, reducing feed from 110 days of pregnancy, wherein the feed amount is 0.3-0.5 kg/head/day, and 2.5-3.0kg of feed for sows at the later stage of pregnancy;
the sow feed at the later stage of pregnancy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 66-70wt% of corn, 13-18wt% of soybean meal, 6-9wt% of bran, 4-7wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 2-4wt% of premix;
wherein the sow is raised in the late pregnancy period, the temperature of a pigsty is kept at 18-23 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 55-70%;
(4) feeding in a lactation period:
I. farrowing-farrowing for 7 days: no feeding is carried out on the production day; feeding the sows in the lactation period with electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding from the beginning of the next day; wherein each sow is fed with 0.5-1kg of lactation sow every day, and the feed is added by 0.3-0.5kg every day to 3.2-3.5kg of lactation sow every day in seventh day; injecting broad-spectrum antibiotic continuously for 3 days after delivery;
the broad spectrum antibiotic is one of chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and thiamphenicol.
Preferably, the broad spectrum antibiotic is oxytetracycline.
II, 8-day farrowing-weaning: during the period, the sow feed in the lactation period is matched with silage, soybeans, black beans and electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding; wherein, 3.2-3.5kg of feed is fed to each sow in the lactation period every day, 1.5-2kg of silage is fed to each sow every day, and 50-100g of soybean and 50-100g of black soybean are fed to each sow every day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans comprises the steps of mixing the soybeans and the black beans to form soybean milk, cooking the soybean milk, and feeding the soybean milk together with the feed and the silage of the sows in the lactation period;
the feed for the sows in the lactation period consists of the following components in parts by weight: 68-72 wt% of corn, 15-18 wt% of soybean meal, 6-9wt% of bran, 4-7wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 2-4wt% of premix;
(5) feeding sows in the nonpregnant period:
on the day of weaning, the sows are not fed with sow feed; after 2 days of weaning: 1.8-2.2kg of feed for each sow in a nonpregnant period every day;
the nonpregnant sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50-56 wt% of corn, 14-16 wt% of soybean meal, 10-12 wt% of bran, 15-20 wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 2-4wt% of premix.
Preferably, the time period of feeding replacement gilts, sows at the early stage of pregnancy and 2-4 times of feeding during 86-110 days of pregnancy is 6-7 am and 4-5 pm;
adding 0.5-1wt% of colicin in the total feed amount every day for 86-110 days of pregnancy in the step (3); the enteromycin is for proudon sow;
the replacement gilt feeding in the step (1), the sow feeding in the early stage of pregnancy in the step (2) and the sow feeding in the later stage of pregnancy in the step (3) drive the sow to move for 2 times every day, wherein the time period of the movement for 2 times is 9-11 am and 3-4 pm.
Electrolytic multivitamins accounting for 1-2wt% of the total amount of the feed are added in the feeding process in the lactation period in the step (4); the electrolysis multi-dimensional is Aoliwei for Aoping sows;
preferably, the premix is a premix 1011 for Aaonong sows;
the silage is alfalfa meal;
the invention provides a sow feeding method of pagoda pigs, wherein alfalfa meal mixed feed is fed, and the sow feeding method has the functions of promoting the growth of the sows, improving the fertility and enhancing the immunity of organisms. However, the inventor finds that the alfalfa meal introduction also has the following problems: the alfalfa meal fed directly is not easy to be absorbed by the sows, the waste is serious, and the expected feeding benefit cannot be achieved. The possible reasons for this are: the alfalfa meal contains 20 wt% of crude protein and 14 wt% of crude fiber, and the higher daily ration fiber can reduce the digestibility of energy and nutrients, so that the growth performance and economic benefit of livestock and poultry are reduced.
The research of the invention finds that the fermented soybean meal is introduced to be mixed with the alfalfa meal for fermentation and wet feeding, so that the utilization rate of the nutrient components of the alfalfa meal can be improved, the bioactive substances are retained to the maximum extent, the nutrition balance of sows is promoted, the health condition is improved, the immunity is enhanced, and the morbidity of mycoplasmosis is reduced. The requirement of the blue-green-like coarse fodder of the pagoda pig is met, the growth characteristic of fat easy to accumulate of the sow can be improved, the synchronous implementation of organ maturation and sexual maturation is promoted, and the reproductive performance of the sow is improved.
Preferably, the preparation method of the silage comprises the following steps: mixing alfalfa meal and fermented soybean meal according to the mass ratio (1-3): (1-3), mixing the mixture and water according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.5-1), stirring uniformly, placing at 25-40 ℃, sealing and fermenting for 4-5 days.
The fermented soybean meal is common fermented soybean meal;
the inventor researches and discovers that the following problems still exist after the fermented soybean meal is introduced: the common fermented soybean meal is freeze-dried or dried to obtain a product, and after freeze-drying or drying, part of fermented bioactive substances are destroyed, so that the quality of the fermented product is reduced. Furthermore, the inventor provides high-activity fermented soybean meal to improve the quality of the fermented product. The invention takes corn straws and wheat straws as substrates to be mixed with apple pomace for fermentation to prepare the leavening agent, and during secondary fermentation, the leavening agent is mixed with fermented soybean meal, so that the quality and the function of the fermented soybean meal are improved, the nutritional combination of the feed is enhanced and enriched by controlling low-temperature fermentation, the formation of product flavor and the generation of good taste are facilitated, the appetite of animals is promoted, the feed intake is increased, and the sows can obtain sufficient nutrition during lactation.
Preferably, the fermented soybean meal is high-activity fermented soybean meal; the preparation method of the high-activity fermented soybean meal comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) adding 50-60wt% of soybean meal and 5-15wt% of fermentation product into 30-35wt% of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a soybean meal mixture;
(2) stacking the bean pulp mixture on a layered rack, fermenting at 45-60 deg.C for 3-7 days, steaming, extracting, and concentrating to obtain fermented bean pulp;
(3) drying and crushing 10-15wt% of the fermented soybean meal in the step (2) at 40-60 ℃ to obtain dried fermented soybean meal;
(4) uniformly mixing the dried fermented soybean meal obtained in the step (3) with the residual fermented soybean meal obtained in the step (2) to obtain high-activity fermented soybean meal;
the preparation method of the fermentation product comprises the following steps:
cutting straws to 3-5cm, soaking in water until the water content is 50-60wt%, taking out, stacking, spreading fruit and vegetable residues, and fermenting at 25-40 deg.C for 10-15 days to obtain fermented product; wherein the mass ratio of the straw to the water is 1 (5-9); wherein the straws are corn straws and wheat straws in a mass ratio of (1-5): (1-5) mixing; wherein the mass ratio of the straw to the fruit and vegetable residues is (3-5) to 1.
The fruit and vegetable residues are as follows: one or more of apple pomace, navel orange pomace, tomato pomace, strawberry pomace, peach pomace, spinach pomace, celery pomace, pineapple pomace and carrot pomace.
The inventor researches and discovers that the following problems still exist after the fermented soybean meal is introduced: the common fermented soybean meal is freeze-dried or dried to obtain a product, and after freeze-drying or drying, part of fermented bioactive substances are destroyed, so that the quality of the fermented product is reduced. Furthermore, the inventor provides the functional high-activity fermented soybean meal, wherein the content of amino acid and peptide in the high-activity fermented soybean meal is 70-80%, and the amino acid and sugar in the high-activity fermented soybean meal are fermented for 4-5 days at 25-40 ℃ to generate Maillard reaction, so that the fragrance of the high-activity fermented soybean meal is improved, the appetite of animals is promoted, and the feed intake is increased.
Further preferably, the fermented soybean meal is functional high-activity fermented soybean meal; the preparation method of the functional high-activity fermented soybean meal comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) grinding the high-activity fermented soybean meal;
(2) adding the high-activity fermented soybean meal and sugar into water, uniformly stirring, centrifuging, freeze-drying the precipitate, and grinding into powder to obtain functionalized functional high-activity fermented soybean meal; wherein, the high-activity fermented soybean meal, the sugar and the water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (1-2) to 30-50;
the sugar is one or a mixture of two or more of glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose, xylose, D-allose and arabinose;
preferably, the sugar is D-allose and lactose in a mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3) mixing.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the invention discloses a sow feeding method of pagoda pigs, which is characterized in that fermented soybean meal is introduced to be mixed with alfalfa meal for fermentation and wet feeding, so that the utilization rate of the nutritional ingredients of the alfalfa meal can be improved, bioactive substances are retained to the maximum extent, the nutrition balance of the sows is promoted, the health condition is improved, the immunity is enhanced, and the prevalence rate of mycoplasmosis is reduced. The pig feed can meet the requirement of the green-like coarse fodder of the pagoda pig, can also improve the growth characteristic of fat easy to accumulate of the sow, promotes synchronous organ maturation and sexual maturation, and improves the reproductive performance of the sow.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a pagodatree pig feedThe sow feeding method comprises the steps of introducing the fermented soybean meal into the mixing fermentation with the alfalfa meal, and performing wet feeding, so that the utilization rate of the nutritional ingredients of the alfalfa meal can be improved, bioactive substances are retained to the maximum extent, the nutrition balance of sows is promoted, the health condition is improved, the immunity is enhanced, and the morbidity of mycoplasmosis is reduced. The requirement of the blue-green-like coarse fodder of the pagoda pig is met, the growth characteristic of fat easy to accumulate of the sow can be improved, the synchronous implementation of organ maturation and sexual maturation is promoted, and the reproductive performance of the sow is improved. The high-activity fermented soybean meal replaces common fermented soybean meal, wherein the high-activity fermented soybean meal takes corn straws and wheat straws as substrates and is mixed with apple pomace for fermentation to prepare a leavening agent, the leavening agent is mixed with the fermented soybean meal during secondary fermentation, the quality and the function of the fermented soybean meal are improved, and the low-temperature fermentation is controlled, so that the formation of product flavor and the generation of good taste are facilitated, the appetite of animals is promoted, and the feed intake is increased. Meanwhile, sugar is introduced into the high-activity fermented soybean meal to prepare functional high-activity fermented soybean meal, so that on one hand, soybean peptide, amino acid and sugar in the fermented soybean meal are fermented for 4-5 days at 25-40 ℃ to generate Maillard reaction, the fragrance of the high-activity fermented soybean meal is improved, the appetite of animals is promoted, and the feed intake is increased; on the other hand, in the course of ensiling preparation, the addition of sugar can accelerate the propagation of lactic acid bacteria, NH, in the early stage of ensiling 3 The decrease in-N content indicates that the addition of lactic acid bacteria inhibits the decomposition of the raw material protein, and the increase in lactic acid content and the decrease in butyric acid and acetic acid content of the silage alfalfa indicate a concomitant increase in fermentation quality.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific embodiments:
enteromycin, enteromycin for proudon sows, was purchased from proudon biotechnology group ltd of fujian. The main raw materials comprise: vitamin B 2 Pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus and composite saccharomycetes, wherein the guaranteed values of the product component analysis are that the water content is less than or equal to 10.0 percent and the probiotics is more than or equal to 1.5 multiplied by 10 9 cfu/g, pantothenic acid more than or equal to 2500mg/kg, folic acid more than or equal to 1000mg/kg, biotin more than or equal to 500mg/kg。
Electrolytic multi-vitamin Aoli vitamin for Aoli nong sows, purchased from Fujian Aoli nong Biotech group, Inc. The main raw materials comprise vitamins, electrolyte and glucose, and the analysis guarantee values of the main nutrient components are vitamin A3000000 IU/kg and hydroxyl D 3 25mg/kg, vitamin D 3 4000001U/kg, vitamin B 2 10000mg/kg, 10000mg/kg nicotinic acid, 20000mg/kg pantothenic acid, 200mg/kg biotin, 2500mg/kg folic acid, 3000mg/kg carotene, 30000mg/kg vitamin C, 20mg/kg organochromium, and 100mg/kg L-carnitine, which were purchased from Fujian Aonong Biotech group, Inc.
Premix, 10% suckling pig compound premix S1011, purchased from fujian ao agro biotechnology group ltd. The main raw materials comprise vitamins, trace elements, calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, sodium chloride, L-lysine hydrochloride, phytase and ethoxyquin, and the analysis guarantee values of the main nutrient components are vitamin A90-160 KIU/kg and vitamin D 3 20-50 KIU/kg, vitamin E more than or equal to 200mg/kg, vitamin K 3 More than or equal to 30-60 mg/kg, more than or equal to 15mg/kg of vitamin B1, more than or equal to 40mg/kg of vitamin B2, more than or equal to 30mg/kg of vitamin B6, more than or equal to 0.12mg/kg of vitamin B12, more than or equal to 300mg/kg of nicotinic acid, more than or equal to 150mg/kg of pantothenic acid, more than or equal to 7.5mg/kg of folic acid, more than or equal to 0.25mg/kg of D-biotin, more than or equal to 2000mg/kg of choline chloride, 750-3000 mg/kg of iron, 500-16000 mg/kg of zinc, 160-1500 mg/kg of manganese and 3-40 mg/kg of iodine, and in each kg of the product: calcium is more than or equal to 4-10%, total phosphorus is more than or equal to 0.8%, sodium chloride is more than or equal to 2.4-6.0%, lysine is more than or equal to 1.2%, phytase is more than or equal to 5000U, and water content is less than or equal to 10.0%.
The soybeans, the black beans and the corns are all commercial products.
The soybean meal and the bran are both commercial feed-grade products.
Apple pomace from Hebei Baoding Shunfui juice factory.
D-allose, food grade, CAS:2595-97-3, purity: 99% of the total amount of the total amounts of the total amounts of the total amounts of the total amounts of the amounts of all the amounts of the total amounts of the total amounts of all the total amounts of all the amounts of the total amounts of the amounts of all the amounts of.
Lactose, food grade, CAS: 608-66-2, purity: 99% of the total amount of the chemical products purchased from Jiuxing chemical products, Inc.
Corn stover, wheat straw, from fields near Hebei Baoding.
Oxytetracycline, CAS: 79-57-2, purity: 99% of the total amount of the crude product obtained from Jiangtai, Hubei chemical Co.
Example 1
A sow feeding method of pagoda pigs comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting seeds and feeding replacement gilts:
seed selection: selecting backup sophora japonica sows which are 3-4 months old, have vigorous appetite and strong physique;
oestrus of the sows to mating: starting to execute a backup sow immunization program at the age of 110 days, and feeding a backup sow feed in combination with silage; wherein each sow is fed with 1.8kg of replacement sow feed every day, and each sow is fed with 1.5kg of silage every day for 2 times; the post-preparation sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 43 wt% of corn, 16wt% of soybean meal, 12 wt% of bran, 25wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 4wt% of premix;
the gestational period consists of the early pregnancy period and the late pregnancy period;
(2) feeding sows at the early stage of pregnancy: mating-pregnancy lasts 85 days, during which period, 1.8kg of sow feed is fed to each sow in the early pregnancy every day for 2 times; the sow feed in the early pregnancy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 62wt% of corn, 20 wt% of soybean meal, 10wt% of bran, 4wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 4wt% of premix;
(3) feeding sows at the later stage of pregnancy: day 86-114 of pregnancy: 3.25kg of sow feed is fed to each sow at the later stage of pregnancy every day, and the sow feed is fed with the colicin for 2 times every day;
wherein, in the 70-90 days stage of gestation period, soybean and black bean are fed together with feed for sow at the early stage of pregnancy or sow at the early stage of pregnancy, and fed for 2 times; 50g of soybeans and 50g of black soybeans are fed to each sow every day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans comprises the steps of mixing the soybeans and the black beans to prepare soybean milk, cooking the soybean milk, and feeding the soybean milk and the black beans together with sow feed at the early stage of pregnancy or sow feed needing to be fed at the early stage of pregnancy;
II, reducing feed from 110 days of pregnancy until the feed amount of each sow is 2.75kg per day in the late pregnancy period;
the sow feed for the later stage of pregnancy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70wt% of corn, 13wt% of soybean meal, 6wt% of bran, 7wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 4wt% of premix;
wherein the sow is raised in the late pregnancy period, the temperature of a pigsty is kept at 18-23 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 55-70%;
(4) feeding in a lactation period:
I. farrowing-farrowing for 7 days: no feeding is carried out on the production day; feeding the sows in the lactation period with electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding from the beginning of the next day; wherein 0.5kg of feed for each sow in the lactation period is added for each sow every day, and 0.3kg of feed for each sow in the lactation period is added for each sow every day to 3.2kg of feed for each sow in the lactation period on the seventh day; injecting broad-spectrum antibiotic continuously for 3 days after delivery;
the broad-spectrum antibiotic is oxytetracycline;
II, 8-day farrowing-weaning: during the period, the sow feed in the lactation period is matched with silage, soybeans, black beans and electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding; wherein each sow is 3.2kg of feed for the sow in the lactation period per day, each sow is 1.5kg of silage per day, and each sow is 100g of soybeans and 100g of black soybeans per day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans comprises the steps of mixing the soybeans and the black beans to form soybean milk, cooking the soybean milk, and feeding the soybean milk together with the feed and the silage of the sows in the lactation period;
the feed for the sows in the lactation period consists of the following components in parts by weight: 68 wt% of corn, 18wt% of soybean meal, 6wt% of bran, 4wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 4wt% of premix;
(5) feeding sows in the nonpregnant period:
on the day of weaning, the sows are not fed with sow feed; after 2 days of weaning: 1.8kg of feed for sows in the nonpregnant period per day is fed to each sow;
the nonpregnant sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 50 wt% of corn, 16wt% of soybean meal, 12 wt% of bran, 20 wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 2wt% of premix.
The time period of feeding replacement gilts, sows at the early stage of pregnancy and 2 times of feeding during 86-110 days of pregnancy is 6-7 am and 4-5 pm;
adding 1wt% of enterocin in the total feed amount every day in 86-110 days of pregnancy in the step (3);
feeding replacement gilts in the step (1) and feeding sows in the early stage of pregnancy in the step (2) to drive the sows to move for 2 times every day, wherein the movement time period of each time is 9-11 am and 3-4 pm; feeding the sows in the late pregnancy stage in the step (3), driving the sows to move 2 times every day, wherein the time periods of the movement for 2 times are 9-11 am and 3-4 pm.
Electrolytic multivitamins accounting for 2wt% of the total amount of the feed are added in the feeding process in the lactation period in the step (4);
the preparation method of the silage comprises the following steps: mixing herba Medicaginis powder and fermented soybean meal at mass ratio of (1-3) to (1-3), mixing the mixture with water at mass ratio of 1 (0.5-1), stirring, standing at 25-40 deg.C, sealing, and fermenting for 4-5 days.
The fermented soybean meal is common fermented soybean meal.
Test example 1
(1) In a Hangzhou pagoda pig breed conservation and cultivation base in Fujian province, 16 replacement pagoda sows with the same or similar age, weight, body condition and health condition are selected in 2017 in 3 months and randomly divided into A, B groups with 8 replacement pagoda sows in each group, the group A is fed according to a conventional method, the group B is fed according to the scheme strictly, and as a result, the average number of the replacement pagoda sows per litter is increased by 4.1, and the weaning survival rate reaches 97.5%. As in table 1 below:
table 1:
| group A | Group B | |
| Sow number (head) | 8 | 8 |
| Total yield Jian' er number (head) | 87 | 120 |
| Average healthy volume (head/nest) | 10.9 | 15 |
| Improved socket (head/socket) | / | 4.1 |
| Weaning Jian' er number (head) | 77 | 117 |
| Survival rate of weaning (%) | 87.4％ | 97.5％ |
(2) In a Sophora japonica pig breed conservation and cultivation base in Fujian province, 22 replacement Sophora japonica sows with the same or similar age, weight, body condition and health condition are selected in 2017 in 9 months and randomly divided into A, B groups, wherein each group comprises 11 replacement Sophora japonica sows, the group A is fed according to a conventional method, the group B is fed strictly according to the scheme, and as a result, the average number of replacement Sophora japonica sows per litter is increased by 4.5, and the weaning survival rate reaches 98.3%. As in table 2 below:
table 2:
| group A | Group B | |
| Sow number (head) | 11 | 11 |
| Total yield Jian' er number (head) | 121 | 176 |
| Average healthy volume (head/nest) | 11 | 15.5 |
| Improved socket (head/socket) | / | 4.5 |
| Weaning Jian' er number (head) | 104 | 168 |
| Survival rate of weaning (%) | 86.0％ | 98.2％ |
(3) In a Sophora japonica pig breed conservation and cultivation base in Fujian province, 30 replacement Sophora japonica sows with the same or similar age, weight, body condition and health condition are selected in 2018 in 1 month and are randomly divided into A, B groups with 15 pigs in each group, the group A is bred according to a conventional method, the group B is bred according to the scheme strictly, and as a result, the average number of pigs per litter is increased by 5.8, and the weaning survival rate reaches 98.8%. As in table 3 below:
table 3:
| group A | Group B | |
| Sow number (head) | 15 | 15 |
| Total yield Jian' er number (head) | 153 | 240 |
| Average healthy volume (head/nest) | 10.2 | 16 |
| Improved socket (head/socket) | / | 5.8 |
| Weaning Jian' er number (head) | 129 | 237 |
| Survival rate of weaning (%) | 84.3％ | 98.8％ |
(4) 40 replacement sophora japonica sows with the same or similar age in days, weight, body condition and health condition are selected in 2018 in 5 months in a planting and breeding base of Hangzhou sophora japonica pigs in Fujian province, the replacement sophora japonica sows are randomly divided into A, B groups, each group has 20 pigs, the group A is bred according to a conventional method, the group B is bred according to the scheme strictly, and as a result, the average 4.3 pigs per litter is increased until the weaning survival rate reaches 98.1%. As in table 4 below:
table 4:
| group A | Group B | |
| Sow number (head) | 20 | 20 |
| Total yield Jian' er number (head) | 232 | 318 |
| Average healthy volume (head/nest) | 11.6 | 115.9 |
| Improved socket (head/socket) | / | 4.3 |
| Weaning Jian' er number (head) | 198 | 312 |
| Survival rate of weaning (%) | 85.3％ | 98.1％ |
(5) 50 replacement sophora japonica sows with the same or similar age in days, weight, body condition and health condition are selected in 10 months in 2018 in a planting and breeding base of Hangzhou sophora pigs in Fujian province, the replacement sophora japonica sows are randomly divided into A, B groups, each group has 25 pigs, the group A is bred according to a conventional method, the group B is bred according to the scheme strictly, and as a result, the average number of pigs per litter is increased by 4.6, and the weaning survival rate reaches 98.0%. As in table 5 below:
table 5:
| group A | Group B | |
| Sow number (head) | 25 | 25 |
| Total yield Jian' er number (head) | 287 | 402 |
| Average healthy volume (head/nest) | 11.5 | 16.1 |
| Improved socket (head/socket) | / | 4.6 |
| Weaning Jian' er number (head) | 251 | 394 |
| Survival rate of weaning (%) | 87.5％ | 98.0％ |
(6) 60 replacement sophora japonica sows with the same or similar age, weight, body condition and health condition are selected in 2019 in a 2-month old planting and breeding base of Hangzhou sophora japonica pigs, the replacement sophora japonica sows are randomly divided into A, B groups with 30 pigs in each group, the group A is bred according to a conventional method, the group B is bred according to the scheme strictly, and as a result, the average number of pigs per litter is increased by 5.9, and the weaning survival rate reaches 98.4%. As in table 6 below:
table 6:
| group A | Group B | |
| Sow number (head) | 30 | 30 |
| Total yield Jian' er number (head) | 318 | 495 |
| Average healthy volume (head/nest) | 10.6 | 16.5 |
| Improved socket (head/socket) | / | 5.9 |
| Weaning healthy weight (head) | 270 | 487 |
| Survival rate of weaning (%) | 84.9％ | 98.4％ |
By applying the technical scheme, the sow can have more farrowing, good uniformity and high survival rate, the farrowing rate in a litter is generally 12-18, and the survival rate is more than 97%.
Example 2
A sow feeding method of sophoricidae comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting seeds and feeding replacement sows:
seed selection: selecting 3-4 months old backup sophora japonica sows with vigorous appetite and strong physique;
oestrus of the sows to mating: executing a backup sow immunization program at the age of 110 days, and feeding the backup sow by matching with silage; wherein each sow is fed with 2kg of replacement sow feed every day, and each sow is fed with 2kg of silage every day;
the post-preparation sow feed comprises the following steps: the post-preparation sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 46wt% of corn, 16wt% of soybean meal, 10wt% of bran, 24 wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 4wt% of premix;
the gestational period consists of the early pregnancy period and the late pregnancy period;
(2) feeding sows at the early stage of pregnancy: mating-pregnancy lasts 85 days, and during the period, each sow is fed with 2kg of sow feed at the early stage of pregnancy every day for 2 times; the sow feed in the early pregnancy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 61 wt% of corn, 22 wt% of soybean meal, 9wt% of bran, 5wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 3wt% of premix;
(3) feeding sows at the later stage of pregnancy: and 4, pregnancy for 86-114 days: 3.25kg of sow feed is fed to each sow at the later stage of pregnancy every day, and the sow feed is fed with the colicin for 2 times every day;
wherein, in the 70-90 days stage of gestation period, soybean and black bean are fed together with feed for sow at the early stage of pregnancy or sow at the early stage of pregnancy, and fed for 2 times; 50g of soybeans and 50g of black soybeans are fed to each sow every day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans comprises the steps of mixing the soybeans and the black beans to prepare soybean milk, cooking the soybean milk, and feeding the soybean milk and the black beans together with sow feed at the early stage of pregnancy or sow feed needing to be fed at the early stage of pregnancy;
II, reducing feed from 110 days of pregnancy, wherein the feed amount is 0.5 kg/head/day, and 2.75kg of feed for sows at the late stage of pregnancy is taken per day for each sow;
the sow feed at the later stage of pregnancy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 68 wt% of corn, 16wt% of soybean meal, 8wt% of bran, 5wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 3wt% of premix;
wherein the sow is raised in the late pregnancy period, the temperature of a pigsty is kept at 18-23 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 55-70%;
(4) feeding in a lactation period:
I. farrowing-farrowing for 7 days: no feeding is carried out on the production day; feeding the sows in the lactation period with electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding in the beginning of the next day; wherein each sow is fed with 0.75kg of lactation sow every day, and every sow is fed with 3.3kg of lactation sow every day from 0.4kg to the seventh day; injecting broad-spectrum antibiotic continuously for 3 days after delivery;
the broad-spectrum antibiotic is oxytetracycline;
II, 8-day farrowing-weaning: during the period, the sow feed in the lactation period is matched with silage, soybeans, black beans and electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding; wherein, 3.3kg of feed is fed to each sow in the lactation period every day, 1.75kg of silage is fed to each sow every day, and 100g of soybeans and 100g of black soybeans are fed to each sow every day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans comprises the steps of mixing the soybeans and the black beans to form soybean milk, cooking the soybean milk, and feeding the soybean milk together with the feed and the silage of the sows in the lactation period;
the feed for the sows in the lactation period consists of the following components in parts by weight: 70wt% of corn, 16wt% of soybean meal, 7wt% of bran, 4wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 3wt% of premix;
(5) feeding sows in the nonpregnant period:
on the day of weaning, the sows are not fed with sow feed; after 2 days of weaning: each sow is fed with 2kg of sow feed in a nonpregnant period every day;
the nonpregnant sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 53 wt% of corn, 15wt% of soybean meal, 11 wt% of bran, 17 wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 4wt% of premix.
The time period of feeding replacement gilts, sows at the early stage of pregnancy and 2 times of feeding during 86-110 days of pregnancy is 6-7 am and 4-5 pm;
adding 1wt% of enterocin in the total feed amount every day in 86-114 days of pregnancy in the step (3);
feeding replacement gilts in the step (1) and feeding sows in the early stage of pregnancy in the step (2) to drive the sows to move for 2 times every day, wherein the movement time period of each time is 9-11 am and 3-4 pm; feeding the sows in the late pregnancy stage in the step (3), driving the sows to move 2 times every day, wherein the time periods of the movement for 2 times are 9-11 am and 3-4 pm.
Electrolytic multivitamins accounting for 2wt% of the total amount of the feed are added in the feeding process in the lactation period in the step (4); the preparation method of the silage comprises the following steps: mixing herba Medicaginis powder and fermented soybean meal at mass ratio of (1-3) to (1-3), mixing the mixture with water at mass ratio of 1 (0.5-1), stirring, standing at 25-40 deg.C, sealing, and fermenting for 4-5 days.
The fermented soybean meal is common fermented soybean meal.
Example 3
A sow feeding method of pagoda pigs comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting seeds and feeding replacement gilts:
seed selection: selecting 3-4 months old backup sophora japonica sows with vigorous appetite and strong physique;
oestrus of the sows to mating: starting to execute a backup sow immunization program at the age of 110 days, and feeding a backup sow feed in combination with silage; wherein each sow is fed with 2kg of replacement sow feed every day, and each sow is fed with 2kg of silage every day;
the post-preparation sow feed comprises the following components: the post-preparation sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 46wt% of corn, 16wt% of soybean meal, 10wt% of bran, 24 wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 4wt% of premix;
the gestational period consists of the early pregnancy period and the late pregnancy period;
(2) feeding sows at the early stage of pregnancy: mating-pregnancy lasts 85 days, and during the period, each sow is fed with 2kg of sow feed at the early stage of pregnancy every day for 2 times; the sow feed in the early pregnancy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 61 wt% of corn, 22 wt% of soybean meal, 9wt% of bran, 5wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 3wt% of premix;
(3) feeding sows at the later stage of pregnancy: and 4, pregnancy for 86-114 days: 3.25kg of sow feed is fed to each sow at the later stage of pregnancy every day, and the sow feed is fed with the colicin for 2 times every day;
wherein, in the stage of 70-90 days of gestation, the feed is fed for 2 times by matching with soybean and black soybean when feeding sow feed in the early stage of pregnancy or sow feed in the early stage of pregnancy; 50g of soybeans and 50g of black soybeans are fed to each sow every day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans comprises the steps of mixing the soybeans and the black beans to prepare soybean milk, cooking the soybean milk, and feeding the soybean milk and the black beans together with sow feed at the early stage of pregnancy or sow feed needing to be fed at the early stage of pregnancy;
II, reducing feed from 110 days of pregnancy until the feed amount of each sow is 2.75kg per day in the late pregnancy period;
the sow feed at the later stage of pregnancy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 68 wt% of corn, 16wt% of soybean meal, 8wt% of bran, 5wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 3wt% of premix;
wherein the sow is raised in the late pregnancy period, the temperature of a pigsty is kept at 18-23 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 55-70%;
(4) feeding in the lactation period:
I. farrowing-farrowing for 7 days: no feed is used in the production day; feeding the sows in the lactation period with electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding from the beginning of the next day; wherein each sow is fed with 0.75kg of lactation sow every day, and every sow is fed with 3.3kg of lactation sow every day from 0.4kg to the seventh day; injecting broad-spectrum antibiotic continuously for 3 days after delivery;
the broad-spectrum antibiotic is oxytetracycline;
II, 8-day farrowing-weaning: during the period, the sow feed in the lactation period is matched with silage, soybeans, black beans and electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding; wherein, 3.3kg of feed is fed to each sow in the lactation period every day, 1.75kg of silage is fed to each sow every day, and 100g of soybeans and 100g of black soybeans are fed to each sow every day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans is that the soybeans and the black beans are mixed to be made into soybean milk, the soybean milk is cooked, and the soybean milk is fed along with the feed of the sows and the silage in the lactation period;
the feed for the sows in the lactation period consists of the following components in parts by weight: 70wt% of corn, 16wt% of soybean meal, 7wt% of bran, 4wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 3wt% of premix;
(5) feeding sows in the nonpregnant period:
on the day of weaning, the sows are not fed with sow feed; after 2 days of weaning: each sow is fed with 2kg of sow feed in a nonpregnant period every day;
the nonpregnant sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 53 wt% of corn, 15wt% of soybean meal, 11 wt% of bran, 17 wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 4wt% of premix.
The time period of feeding replacement gilts, sows at the early stage of pregnancy and 2 times of feeding during 86-110 days of pregnancy is 6-7 am and 4-5 pm;
adding 1wt% of enterocin in the total feed amount every day in 86-114 days of pregnancy in the step (3);
the replacement gilt feeding in the step (1) and the gilt feeding in the early stage of pregnancy in the step (2) are used for driving the gilts to move for 2 times every day, wherein each movement is carried out for 2 hours, and the time periods of the 2 movements are 9-11 am and 3-4 pm; feeding the sows in the late pregnancy stage in the step (3), driving the sows to move 2 times every day, wherein the time periods of the movement for 2 times are 9-11 am and 3-4 pm.
Electrolytic multivitamins accounting for 2wt% of the total amount of the feed are added in the feeding process in the lactation period in the step (4);
the preparation method of the silage comprises the following steps: mixing herba Medicaginis powder and fermented soybean meal at mass ratio of (1-3) to (1-3), mixing the mixture with water at mass ratio of 1 (0.5-1), stirring, standing at 25-40 deg.C, sealing, and fermenting for 4-5 days.
The fermented soybean meal is high-activity fermented soybean meal; the preparation method of the high-activity fermented soybean meal comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) adding 50 wt% of soybean meal and 15wt% of fermentation product into 35wt% of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a soybean meal mixture;
(2) stacking the bean pulp mixture on a layered rack, fermenting for 5 days at 50 ℃, cooking, extracting, and concentrating to obtain fermented bean pulp;
(3) drying and crushing 15wt% of the fermented soybean meal in the step (2) at 50 ℃ to obtain dried fermented soybean meal;
(4) uniformly mixing the dried fermented soybean meal in the step (3) with the fermented soybean meal remaining in the step (2) to obtain high-activity fermented soybean meal;
the preparation method of the fermentation product comprises the following steps:
cutting the straws to 4cm, soaking in water until the water content is 55 wt%, taking out, stacking, spreading fruit and vegetable residues, and fermenting at 30 deg.C for 10 days to obtain fermented product; wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the water is 1: 7; wherein the straws are corn straws and wheat straws in a mass ratio of 1: 1, mixing; wherein the mass ratio of the stalks to the fruit and vegetable residues is 3: 1.
The fruit and vegetable residues are as follows: and (4) apple pomace.
Example 4
A sow feeding method of sophoricidae comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting seeds and feeding replacement gilts:
seed selection: selecting backup sophora japonica sows which are 3-4 months old, have vigorous appetite and strong physique;
oestrus of the sows to mating: starting to execute a backup sow immunization program at the age of 110 days, and feeding a backup sow feed in combination with silage; wherein each sow is fed with 2kg of replacement sow feed every day, and each sow is fed with 2kg of silage every day;
the post-preparation sow feed comprises the following components: the post-preparation sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 46wt% of corn, 16wt% of soybean meal, 10wt% of bran, 24 wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 4wt% of premix;
the gestational period consists of the early pregnancy period and the late pregnancy period;
(2) feeding sows at the early stage of pregnancy: mating-pregnancy lasts 85 days, and during the period, each sow is fed with 2kg of sow feed at the early stage of pregnancy every day for 2 times; the sow feed at the early stage of pregnancy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 61 wt% of corn, 22 wt% of soybean meal, 9wt% of bran, 5wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 3wt% of premix;
(3) feeding sows at the later stage of pregnancy: and 4, pregnancy for 86-114 days: 3.25kg of sow feed is fed to each sow at the later stage of pregnancy every day, and the sow feed is fed with the colicin for 2 times every day;
wherein, in the 70-90 days stage of gestation period, soybean and black bean are fed together with feed for sow at the early stage of pregnancy or sow at the early stage of pregnancy, and fed for 2 times; 50g of soybeans and 50g of black soybeans are fed to each sow every day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans comprises the steps of mixing the soybeans and the black beans to prepare soybean milk, cooking the soybean milk, and feeding the soybean milk and the black beans together with sow feed at the early stage of pregnancy or sow feed needing to be fed at the early stage of pregnancy;
II, reducing feed from 110 days of pregnancy until the feed amount of each sow is 2.75kg per day in the late pregnancy period;
the sow feed at the later stage of pregnancy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 68 wt% of corn, 16wt% of soybean meal, 8wt% of bran, 5wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 3wt% of premix;
wherein the sow is raised in the late pregnancy period, the temperature of a pigsty is kept at 18-23 ℃, and the relative humidity is kept at 55-70%;
(4) feeding in the lactation period:
I. farrowing-farrowing for 7 days: no feeding is carried out on the production day; feeding the sows in the lactation period with electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding from the beginning of the next day; wherein each sow is fed with 0.75kg of lactation sow every day, and every sow is fed with 3.3kg of lactation sow every day from 0.4kg to the seventh day; injecting broad-spectrum antibiotic continuously for 3 days after delivery;
the broad-spectrum antibiotic is oxytetracycline;
II, 8-day farrowing-weaning: during the period, the sow feed in the lactation period is matched with silage, soybeans, black beans and electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding; wherein, 3.3kg of feed is fed to each sow in the lactation period every day, 1.75kg of silage is fed to each sow every day, and 100g of soybeans and 100g of black soybeans are fed to each sow every day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans is that the soybeans and the black beans are mixed to be made into soybean milk, the soybean milk is cooked, and the soybean milk is fed along with the feed of the sows and the silage in the lactation period;
the feed for the sows in the lactation period consists of the following components in parts by weight: 70wt% of corn, 16wt% of soybean meal, 7wt% of bran, 4wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 3wt% of premix;
(5) feeding sows in the nonpregnant period:
on the day of weaning, the sows are not fed with sow feed; after 2 days of weaning: each sow is fed with 2kg of sow feed in a nonpregnant period every day;
the nonpregnant sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 53 wt% of corn, 15wt% of soybean meal, 11 wt% of bran, 17 wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 4wt% of premix.
The time period of feeding replacement gilts, sows at the early stage of pregnancy and 2 times of feeding during 86-110 days of pregnancy is 6-7 am and 4-5 pm;
adding 1wt% of enterocin in the total feed amount every day in 86-114 days of pregnancy in the step (3);
the replacement gilt feeding in the step (1) and the gilt feeding in the early stage of pregnancy in the step (2) are used for driving the gilts to move for 2 times every day, wherein each movement is carried out for 2 hours, and the time periods of the 2 movements are 9-11 am and 3-4 pm; feeding the sows in the late pregnancy stage in the step (3), driving the sows to move 2 times every day, wherein the time periods of the movement for 2 times are 9-11 am and 3-4 pm.
Electrolytic multivitamins accounting for 2wt% of the total amount of the feed are added in the feeding process in the lactation period in the step (4);
the preparation method of the silage comprises the following steps: mixing herba Medicaginis powder and fermented soybean meal at mass ratio of (1-3) to (1-3), mixing the mixture with water at mass ratio of 1 (0.5-1), stirring, standing at 25-40 deg.C, sealing, and fermenting for 4-5 days.
The fermented soybean meal is functional high-activity fermented soybean meal; the preparation method of the functional high-activity fermented soybean meal comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) grinding the high-activity fermented soybean meal;
(2) adding the high-activity fermented soybean meal and sugar into water, uniformly stirring, centrifuging, freeze-drying the precipitate, and grinding into powder to obtain functionalized functional high-activity fermented soybean meal; wherein the high-activity fermented soybean meal, the sugar and the water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 40;
the sugar is D-allose and lactose in a mass ratio of 1: 3, mixing.
The preparation method of the high-activity fermented soybean meal comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) adding 50 wt% of soybean meal and 15wt% of fermentation product into 35wt% of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a soybean meal mixture;
(2) stacking the bean pulp mixture on a layered rack, fermenting for 5 days at 50 ℃, steaming, extracting and concentrating to obtain fermented bean pulp;
(3) drying and crushing 15wt% of the fermented soybean meal in the step (2) at 50 ℃ to obtain dried fermented soybean meal;
(4) uniformly mixing the dried fermented soybean meal in the step (3) with the fermented soybean meal remaining in the step (2) to obtain high-activity fermented soybean meal;
the preparation method of the fermentation product comprises the following steps:
cutting the straws to 4cm, soaking in water until the water content is 55 wt%, taking out, stacking, spreading fruit and vegetable residues, and fermenting at 30 deg.C for 10 days to obtain fermented product; wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the water is 1: 7; wherein the straws are corn straws and wheat straws in a mass ratio of 1: 1, mixing; wherein the mass ratio of the straw to the fruit and vegetable residues is 3: 1.
The fruit and vegetable residues are as follows: and (4) apple pomace.
Example 5
Essentially the same as example 4, except that:
the preparation method of the functional high-activity fermented soybean meal comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) grinding the high-activity fermented soybean meal;
(2) adding the high-activity fermented soybean meal and sugar into water, uniformly stirring, centrifuging, freeze-drying the precipitate, and grinding into powder to obtain functionalized functional high-activity fermented soybean meal; wherein the high-activity fermented soybean meal, the sugar and the water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 40;
the sugar is D-allose.
The preparation method of the high-activity fermented soybean meal comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) adding 50 wt% of soybean meal and 15wt% of fermentation product into 35wt% of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a soybean meal mixture;
(2) stacking the bean pulp mixture on a layered rack, fermenting for 5 days at 50 ℃, steaming, extracting and concentrating to obtain fermented bean pulp;
(3) drying and crushing 15wt% of the fermented soybean meal in the step (2) at 50 ℃ to obtain dried fermented soybean meal;
(4) uniformly mixing the dried fermented soybean meal in the step (3) with the fermented soybean meal remaining in the step (2) to obtain high-activity fermented soybean meal;
the preparation method of the fermentation product comprises the following steps:
cutting the straws to 4cm, soaking in water until the water content is 55 wt%, taking out, stacking, spreading fruit and vegetable residues, and fermenting at 30 deg.C for 10 days to obtain fermented product; wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the water is 1: 7; wherein the straws are corn straws and wheat straws in a mass ratio of 1: 1, mixing; wherein the mass ratio of the straw to the fruit and vegetable residues is 3: 1.
The fruit and vegetable residues are as follows: and (4) apple pomace.
Example 6
Essentially the same as example 4, except that:
the preparation method of the functional high-activity fermented soybean meal comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) grinding the high-activity fermented soybean meal;
(2) adding the high-activity fermented soybean meal and sugar into water, uniformly stirring, centrifuging, freeze-drying the precipitate, and grinding into powder to obtain functionalized functional high-activity fermented soybean meal; wherein the high-activity fermented soybean meal, the sugar and the water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:2: 40;
the sugar is lactose.
The preparation method of the high-activity fermented soybean meal comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) adding 50 wt% of soybean meal and 15wt% of fermentation product into 35wt% of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a soybean meal mixture;
(2) stacking the bean pulp mixture on a layered rack, fermenting for 5 days at 50 ℃, steaming, extracting and concentrating to obtain fermented bean pulp;
(3) drying and crushing 15wt% of the fermented soybean meal in the step (2) at 50 ℃ to obtain dried fermented soybean meal;
(4) uniformly mixing the dried fermented soybean meal in the step (3) with the fermented soybean meal remaining in the step (2) to obtain high-activity fermented soybean meal;
the preparation method of the fermentation product comprises the following steps:
cutting the straws to 4cm, soaking in water until the water content is 55 wt%, taking out, stacking, spreading fruit and vegetable residues, and fermenting at 30 deg.C for 10 days to obtain fermented product; wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the water is 1: 7; wherein the straws are corn straws and wheat straws in a mass ratio of 1: 1, mixing; wherein the mass ratio of the straw to the fruit and vegetable residues is 3: 1.
The fruit and vegetable residues are as follows: and (4) apple pomace.
Test example 2
The silage samples of examples 2-6 were subjected to pH, lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH) 3 -N) testing.
Measurement of pH: taking 20g of silage samples, adding 180mL of distilled water, fully and uniformly stirring, standing for 2h, then filtering by using gauze and filter paper, and measuring the pH of silage leachate by using a pH-HJ9OB acidimeter.
Determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid: (1) preparing a sample leaching solution: weighing 10g of silage fresh sample, adding 100mL of distilled water, fully stirring and oscillating by using a glass rod, and leaching for 48 hours at the temperature of 4 ℃; the leach liquor was filtered through filter paper in a 100mL beaker. Take 10mL of supernatant in a 100mL volumetric flask and add distilled water to the volume to the mark. Then sucking 10mL into a 15mL centrifuge tube with a plug, adding 1mL of 25% metaphosphoric acid solution, centrifuging at 3500r/min for 15min, and taking the supernatant to be put on a computer for analysis. The standard lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid for preparing the standard solution are purchased from Beijing Bailing Wei chemical technology Co.
(2) Acetic acid and butyric acid were measured by gas chromatography (Shimadzu, Japan, GC-14B type gas chromatography), column: PEG-20m quartz capillary column (column length 30m, inner diameter 0.32mm, film thickness 0.25 μm); temperature programming: the initial column temperature was 40 deg.C, held for 1min, then ramped to 100 deg.C at 10 deg.C/min, held for 3min, ramped to 150 deg.C at 6 deg.C/min, held for 3 min. A hydrogen ion flame detector is adopted, the temperature of a sample inlet is 210 ℃, the temperature of the detector is 180 ℃, the pressure of carrier gas nitrogen is 100kPa, the pressure of hydrogen is 42kPa, and the pressure of air is 35 kPa; the sample size was 1. mu.L. The lactic acid is measured by using a high performance liquid chromatograph (Water-2695 high performance liquid chromatograph), the mobile phase is 0.1mol/L diammonium hydrogen phosphate of methanol, the flow rate is 1mL/min, the detection wavelength is 210nm, the column temperature is 30 ℃, and the sample injection amount is 10 mu L.
Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH) 3 -N) (see "improvement of method for determining ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid by colorimetry", animal and feed science, von zong ci): phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method is adopted.
TABLE 7 silage samples tested for pH, organic acid content
The comparison of the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 shows that the high-activity fermented soybean meal replaces the common fermented soybean meal, wherein the high-activity fermented soybean meal takes corn straws and wheat straws as substrates to be mixed with apple pomace for fermentation to prepare a leavening agent, the leavening agent is mixed with the fermented soybean meal during secondary fermentation, so that the quality and the function of the fermented soybean meal are improved, the low-temperature fermentation is controlled, the formation of product flavor and the generation of good taste are facilitated, the appetite of animals is promoted, and the feed intake is increased. It was found by comparative examples 4 to 6 that the production work was conducted by introducing sugar into the highly active fermented soybean mealThe high-activity fermented soybean meal can be fermented, on one hand, soybean peptide, amino acid and sugar in the fermented soybean meal are fermented for 4-5 days at 25-40 ℃ to generate Maillard reaction, so that the fragrance of the high-activity fermented soybean meal is improved, the appetite of animals is promoted, and the feed intake is increased; on the other hand, in the course of ensiling preparation, the addition of sugar can accelerate the propagation of lactic acid bacteria, NH, in the early stage of ensiling 3 The decrease in-N content indicates that the addition of lactic acid bacteria inhibits the decomposition of the raw material protein, and the increase in lactic acid content and decrease in butyric acid and acetic acid content of the ensiled alfalfa indicates a concomitant increase in fermentation quality.
Test example 3
400 pagodatree pig sows with the birth times of 3-6 are selected in the Hangzhou pagodatree pig breed conservation and cultivation base in Fujian province, and then are randomly distributed into 6 different treatments, wherein each treatment is 500 repetitions (nest), and the total number is 3000 repetitions. The sows in each group had no statistical difference in body weight and body length. The other 5 groups were fed according to the protocols of examples 2-6, respectively. The control group was a conventional feed. Constipation was recorded before parturition. The piglets were weighed within 24 hours after delivery. And recording the number of diarrhea heads of the piglets from birth to weaning, and calculating the diarrhea rate of the piglets. The test results are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 constipation rate of sow of Japanese pagoda, average piglet weight at birth and diarrhea rate of piglets
| Constipation rate/%) | Average piglet weight/kg at birth | Rate of diarrhea/%) | |
| Example 2 | 4.1 | 1.42 | 8.7 |
| Example 3 | 3.6 | 1.46 | 8.4 |
| Example 4 | 1.4 | 1.64 | 6.0 |
| Example 5 | 2.4 | 1.55 | 7.4 |
| Example 6 | 3.0 | 1.51 | 8.0 |
| Control group | 5.2 | 1.34 | 9.2 |
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A sow feeding method of pagoda pigs is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting seeds and feeding replacement gilts:
seed selection: selecting backup sophora japonica sows which are 3-4 months old, have vigorous appetite and strong physique;
estrus of the sow to mating: executing a backup sow immunization program at the age of 110 days, and feeding the backup sow by matching with silage; wherein each sow is fed with 1.8-2.2kg of replacement sow feed per day, and each sow is fed with 1.5-2.5kg of silage per day for 2-4 times;
the gestational period consists of the early pregnancy period and the late pregnancy period;
(2) feeding sows at the early stage of pregnancy: mating-pregnancy 85 days, during which, 1.8-2.2kg of sow feed is fed to every sow at the early stage of pregnancy for 2-4 times;
(3) feeding sows at the later stage of pregnancy: and 4, pregnancy for 86-114 days: feeding each sow with 3.0-3.5kg of sow feed at late stage of pregnancy every day, and feeding with enteromycin for 2-4 times every day;
wherein, I, during 70-90 days of pregnancy, feeding the sows at the early stage of pregnancy or the sows at the early stage of pregnancy needing to be fed with the soybeans and the black beans for 2-4 times; 50-100g of soybeans and 50-100g of black soybeans are fed to each sow every day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans is that the soybeans and the black beans are mixed to be made into soybean milk, the soybean milk is boiled and matched with sow feed in the early stage of pregnancy or the sow feed in the early stage of pregnancy is required to be fed;
II, pregnancy for 110 days: the feed is reduced, the feed amount is 0.3-0.5 kg/head/day, and 2.5-3.0kg of feed for the sows at the later stage of pregnancy per day;
adding 0.5-1wt% of colicin in the total feed amount every day for 86-114 days of pregnancy in the step (3);
the sow feeding at the later stage of pregnancy keeps the pigsty temperature at 18-23 ℃ and the relative humidity at 55-70%;
(4) feeding in a lactation period:
farrowing-farrowing for 7 days: no feeding is carried out on the production day; feeding the sows in the lactation period with electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding from the beginning of the next day; wherein each sow is fed with 0.5-1kg of lactation sow feed every day, and every sow is fed with 0.3-0.5kg of lactation sow feed every day to 3.2-3.5kg of lactation sow feed every day in the seventh day; injecting broad-spectrum antibiotic continuously for 3 days after delivery;
II, 8-day farrowing-weaning: during the period, the sow feed in the lactation period is matched with silage, soybeans, black beans and electrolytic multi-dimensional feeding; wherein, 3.2-3.5kg of feed for each sow in lactation period per day, 1.5-2kg of silage per sow per day, 50-100g of soybean and 50-100g of black soybean per day; the feeding mode of the soybeans and the black beans comprises the steps of mixing the soybeans and the black beans to form soybean milk, cooking the soybean milk, and feeding the soybean milk together with the feed and the silage of the sows in the lactation period;
electrolytic multivitamins accounting for 1-2wt% of the total amount of the feed are added in the feeding process in the lactation period in the step (4);
(5) feeding sows in the nonpregnant period:
on the day of weaning, the sows are not fed with sow feed; after 2 days of weaning: 1.8-2.2kg of feed for each sow in a nonpregnant period every day;
the preparation method of the silage comprises the following steps: mixing the alfalfa meal and the fermented soybean meal according to the mass ratio of (1-3) to (1-3), mixing the mixture and water according to the mass ratio of 1 to (0.5-1), stirring uniformly, and fermenting at 25-40 ℃ for 4-5 days in a sealed manner;
the fermented soybean meal is functional high-activity fermented soybean meal; the preparation method of the functional high-activity fermented soybean meal comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) grinding the high-activity fermented soybean meal;
(2) adding the high-activity fermented soybean meal and sugar into water, uniformly stirring, centrifuging, freeze-drying the precipitate, and grinding into powder to obtain functional high-activity fermented soybean meal; wherein, the high-activity fermented soybean meal, the sugar and the water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1 (1-2) to 30-50;
the preparation method of the high-activity fermented soybean meal comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) adding 50-60wt% of soybean meal and 5-15wt% of fermentation product into 30-35wt% of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a soybean meal mixture;
(2) stacking the bean pulp mixture on a layered rack, fermenting at 45-60 deg.C for 3-7 days, steaming, extracting, and concentrating to obtain fermented bean pulp;
(3) drying and crushing 10-15wt% of the fermented soybean meal in the step (2) at 40-60 ℃ to obtain dried fermented soybean meal;
(4) uniformly mixing the dried fermented soybean meal in the step (3) with the fermented soybean meal remaining in the step (2) to obtain high-activity fermented soybean meal;
the preparation method of the fermentation product comprises the following steps:
cutting straws to 3-5cm, soaking in water until the water content is 50-60wt%, taking out, stacking, spreading fruit and vegetable residues, and fermenting at 25-40 deg.C for 10-15 days to obtain fermented product; wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the water is 1 (5-9); wherein the straws are corn straws and wheat straws in a mass ratio of (1-5): (1-5) mixing; wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the fruit and vegetable residues is (3-5) to 1;
the fruit and vegetable residues are as follows: one or more of apple residue, navel orange residue, tomato residue, strawberry residue, peach residue, spinach residue, celery residue, pineapple residue, and carrot residue;
the sugar is D-allose and lactose in a mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3) mixing.
2. The sow feeding method of sophorae pigs as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the post-preparation sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: 42-46wt% of corn, 12-16wt% of soybean meal, 10-13wt% of bran, 21-25wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 2-4wt% of premix.
3. The sow feeding method of sophorae pigs as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the sow feed in the early pregnancy stage consists of the following components in parts by weight: 60-62wt% of corn, 20-25wt% of soybean meal, 8-10wt% of bran, 4-7wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 2-4wt% of premix.
4. The sow feeding method of sophorae pigs according to claim 1, wherein: the sow feed at the later stage of pregnancy comprises the following components in parts by weight: 66-70wt% of corn, 13-18wt% of soybean meal, 6-9wt% of bran, 4-7wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 2-4wt% of premix.
5. The sow feeding method of sophorae pigs as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the feed for the sows in the lactation period consists of the following components in parts by weight: comprises 68-72 wt% of corn, 15-18 wt% of soybean meal, 6-9wt% of bran, 4-7wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 2-4wt% of premix.
6. The sow feeding method of sophorae pigs as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the nonpregnant sow feed consists of the following components in parts by weight: comprises 50-56 wt% of corn, 14-16 wt% of soybean meal, 10-12 wt% of bran, 15-20 wt% of sweet potato vine powder and 2-4wt% of premix.
7. The sow feeding method of sophorae pigs as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the replacement gilt feeding in the step (1), the sow feeding in the early stage of pregnancy in the step (2) and the sow feeding in the later stage of pregnancy in the step (3) drive the sow to move for 2 times every day, wherein the time period of the movement for 2 times is 9-11 am and 3-4 pm.
8. The sow feeding method of sophorae pigs as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the time periods of feeding replacement gilts, feeding sows at the early stage of pregnancy and feeding for 2-4 times during 86-110 days of pregnancy are 6-7 am and 4-5 pm.
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| Title |
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| 牧草青贮技术;宋恒;《畜禽业》;20150430(第04期);第18页 * |
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| CN112493206A (en) | 2021-03-16 |
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