CN106387419A - Feed for sows in pre-breeding period and feed for sows in post-breeding period - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a feed for sows in a pre-breeding period. The pre-breeding period is 5 days before hybridization to 89 days of pregnancy. The raw material ratios and nutrient levels of the feed for the sows in the pre-breeding period are in accordance with a pre-period mathematical model. The present invention also discloses a feed for the sows in a post-breeding period. The late-breeding period is 90 days of pregnancy to the end of lactation. The raw material ratios and nutrient levels of the feed for the sows in a late-breeding period are accordance with a post-period mathematical model. In the feed for the sows in the pre-breeding period and the feed for the sows in the post-breeding period, a crude fiber content is 5-6.5%. At the same time, the contents and ratios of lysine and threonine are set in a reasonable range. The feed can meet the requirement of the breeding sows for the crude fibers, at the same time avoids inadequate or uneven nutrition intake of the sows caused by too high crude fiber contents, and can effectively improve the breeding capacity of the sows and increase the number of live piglets and the birth weight of the piglets.

Description

Sow breeding early stage feed and later stage feed

Technical field

The invention belongs to sow cultural technique field is and in particular to a broad sow breeding early stage feed and a broad sow are numerous Grow later stage feed.

Background technology

In recent years, the impact to sow reproduction ability and health for the dietary fiber is subject to common concern.Dietary fiber refers to plant Can not be by pipe intestinal digesting enzymic digestion in physical property food, but can be by the certain micro-organisms part glycolysis of big enteral and the non-shallow lake of utilization Powder polysaccharose substance is collectively referred to as with lignin.Dietary fiber can be divided into soluble dietary fiber and insoluble meals fine by dissolubility Tie up two big class.Soluble dietary fiber refers to water soluble, and its water-soluble liquid energy is fine by the part of 4 times of 95% ethanol reprecipitation Dimension, the mainly stored substance in cell membrane and secretion, additionally include microbial polysaccharide and synthesis polysaccharide.Insoluble meals Fiber refers to water-fast part fiber, the mainly part of cell membrane, including cellulose, hemicellulose, wooden Element, shitosan etc..Cellulose therein, hemicellulose and lignin are referred to as crude fibre in animal nutrition.Dietary fiber Content is the nutrient content of human plant's food, and in the nutrient content of current animal feed raw material, this index of dietary fiber is not Completely, but all feedstuffs all list its coarse-fibred content.Therefore carried out as nutrition parameters with dietary fiber at this stage The feasibility of feed formula is poor, and carries out formula with crude fibre as nutrition parameters and have more feasibility.But crude fibre is in day Content in grain there is no final conclusion.In sow feed in the market crude fiber content generally relatively low it is impossible to meet brood sow Demand.

In NRC2012 suggestion brood sow feed, fermentable fibres content is not less than 10%.But at present with regard to the fibre that can ferment The detection method of dimension there is no final conclusion, also no this component content in China and foreign countries' feed storage.Therefore, carried out with fermentable fibres at this stage Feed formula no feasibility.

Chinese agriculture publishing house's publication in 2010 is edited by Yang Gongshe《Pig produces to be learned》List the feeding standard of Chinese Pigs, Wherein also nutrition parameters such as the energy containing brood sow, crude protein, amino acid, but the demand of energy and lysine is less than NRC1998 and NRC2012.Emphasize the harmful effect to pig feed utilization rate for the crude fibre in book, and provide limitation parameter, such as pregnancy In sow feed, crude fiber content is no more than 12%, and lactating sow is no more than 7%, but does not provide necessary value.Zhejiang University Thesis for the doctorate " influence research to sow breeding and milk performance for the dietary digestibility of energy structure " is on the basis of energy, protein requirement Have studied the impact to sows farrowing performance for the feed containing Different Alfalfa grass ratio, and show that in feed, alfalfa meal is 20% The litter size for the treatment of group sow and number born alive are more.By this article provide data, alfalfa meal be 20% treatment group thick Fiber content is 8.54%, have impact on concentration and the utilization rate of other nutriments, thus birth weight is relatively low.

To sum up, existing trophic level include NRC1998, NRC2012 and《Pig produces to be learned》List Chinese swine rearing In standard, there is no feasible standard for the coarse-fibred nutritional need in brood sow feed.On market and pig farm Conventional brood sow feed includes energy, albumen and lysine according to these standard preparation, the Major Nutrient parameter of concern, and The content of other essential amino acids gets the brush-off, and coarse-fibred content also fails to control in the preferred range so that Reproductive Female The trophic level of pig feed and harmony can not reach preferable state, thus affecting health and the reproductive performance of sow, impact The litter size of sow and piglet birth weight.

Content of the invention

Therefore, the nutritional balance for brood sow feed in prior art can not reach perfect condition, thus affecting Number born of sow and the technical problem of piglet birth weight, we expand the feed of sow feed formula and different formulations to mother The research of the impact of pig reproduction ability, has surprisingly found that in research process, the crude fiber content in feed is limited to 5～ 6.5%, the content of lysine and threonine and mutual ratio are set in rational scope, and other amino acid contents meet NRC2012 standard, the nutritional balance of feed is higher, can effectively improve the Farrowing Traits of sow, and number born alive increases, at the beginning of piglet Raw weight is larger.Accordingly, the invention discloses corresponding different reproductive stage, a broad sow breeding early stage that nutritional balance is higher With feed and a broad sow post-reproductive feed.

Described breeding early stage is breeding first 5 days to gestation 89 days it is characterised in that described sow breeds early stage feed Trophic level in material content and raw material be digestible energy in feed, crude protein, lysine, threonine, crude fiber content and Relation between Dietary Lysine and Su An propylhomoserin meets following early stage Mathematical Modeling：

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Wherein, i represents the label of a certain raw material i in feed, and n represents that described sow breeds total raw material in early stage feed Plant number, A_iRepresent that raw material i breeds the percentage by weight in early stage feed, DE in described sow_iRepresent the pig digestible energy of raw material i, F_iRepresent coarse-fibred percentage by weight in raw material i, CP_iRepresent the percentage by weight of crude protein in raw material i, L_iRepresent in raw material i The percentage by weight of lysine, T_iRepresent the percentage by weight of threonine in raw material i, G represents that sow breeds searching for food day of early stage Amount.

Other amino acid contents meet NRC2012 standard.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, G is 2.3～2.5kg, and described early stage Mathematical Modeling is：

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)Preferably

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in terms of the percentage by weight accounting for described sow breeding early stage feed, institute The raw material stating sow breeding early stage feed includes：Energy feed 62～67%, protein feed 13～18%, roughage 9～ 17%th, fatty feed 2～4% and early stage premix 4%.

Described energy feed be selected from corn, rice, crack rice, one or more of potato dry powder, flour, wheat-middlings and Chinese sorghum, Described protein feed be selected from one of dregs of beans, peanut cake, fermented bean dregs, fish meal, meat meal tankage, expanded soybean and full-fat bean or Multiple, described roughage is one or more of Granulated alfalfa, wheat bran, rice bran and beet pulp, and described fat feed is big One of soya-bean oil, rapeseed oil and peanut oil.

Described early stage premix is combined pre- for the 4% sow gestation early stage that Shanghai Xinnong Feed Co., Ltd. sells Batch mixing 4325.

For meeting amount and the ratio relation between the two of lysine and threonine, described sow breeds early stage feed Raw material also include lysine and/or threonine.

Described post-reproductive is that gestation terminates it is characterised in that described sow post-reproductive feed for 90 days to lactation Trophic level in material content and raw material be digestible energy in feed, crude protein, lysine, threonine, crude fiber content and Relation between Dietary Lysine and Su An propylhomoserin meets following later stage Mathematical Modeling：

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Wherein, j represents the label of a certain raw material j in feed, and m represents total raw material in described sow post-reproductive feed Plant number, B_jRepresent percentage by weight in described sow post-reproductive feed for the raw material j, DE_jRepresent the pig digestible energy of raw material j, F_jRepresent coarse-fibred percentage by weight in raw material j, CP_jRepresent the percentage by weight of crude protein in raw material j, L_jRepresent in raw material j The percentage by weight of lysine, T_jRepresent the percentage by weight of threonine in raw material j, H represents that the day of sow post-reproductive searches for food Amount.

Other amino acid contents meet NRC2012 standard.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, H is 3.5～5.5kg, and described later stage Mathematical Modeling is：

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)Preferably

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, in terms of the percentage by weight accounting for described sow post-reproductive feed, institute The raw material stating sow post-reproductive feed includes：Energy feed 52～54%, protein feed 22～29%, roughage 9～ 16%th, fatty feed 1～10% and later stage premix 4%.

Described energy feed be selected from corn, rice, crack rice, one or more of potato dry powder, flour, wheat-middlings and Chinese sorghum, Described protein feed is selected from one of dregs of beans, peanut cake, fermented bean dregs, fish meal, meat meal tankage, bean dregs and full-fat bean or many Kind, described roughage is one or more of Granulated alfalfa, wheat bran, rice bran and beet pulp, and described fat feed is soybean One or more of oil, rapeseed oil and peanut oil.

The 4% sows in lactation compound premixing that described later stage premix is sold for Shanghai Xinnong Feed Co., Ltd. Material 4326.

For meeting amount and the ratio relation between the two of lysine and threonine, described sow post-reproductive feed Raw material also include lysine and/or threonine.

The positive effect of the present invention is：Described sow breeding early stage feed and described sow post-reproductive are with raising Material is prepared according to described early stage Mathematical Modeling and described later stage Mathematical Modeling respectively, and crude fiber content is 5～6.5%, the same to time limit Determine content and their ratio of lysine and threonine, the content of other essential amino acids in feed can be made more equal Weighing apparatus, trophic level can meet even better than NRC2012 standard, it is to avoid occur because in feed, crude fiber content is too high and lead to sow Nutrition intake is not enough or unbalanced situation, contributes to the growth of fetus.Described sow breeding early stage feed and described sow Post-reproductive is used with feed formulation, can effectively improve the reproduction ability of sow, increases sow the number of live birth and piglet is come into being Weight.

Specific embodiment

The foreign binary of embodiment 1 (long × big) swine rearing

Choose that gestational age is close, the foreign binary of breeding age in days identical 46 (long × big) pig (be purchased from Shanghai City kind pig farm or Person Shanghai Xiangxin Animals and Fowls Co., Ltd.), it is divided into experimental group (24) and control group (22), using identical conventinal breeding sow When feeding manner, control and prevention of disease measure and other feeding and management measures, respectively using the experimental group shown in table 1 and control group Feed is raised, and breeding uses early stage material to feed for 89 days to gestation in first 5 days, and gestation terminates (25 days postpartum) to lactation in 90 days to be made Expect to feed with the later stage.Wherein, the early stage material used by experimental group and later stage material are respectively joining according to early stage Mathematical Modeling of the present invention The sow breeding early stage feed of system and the preparation of later stage Mathematical Modeling and sow post-reproductive feed.Early stage used by control group Material and later stage expect for common former field material.

The feed formula of the experimental group of the foreign binary of table 1 (long × big) and control group and trophic level

Note：The 4% sow gestation early stage compound premixing that early stage premix is sold for Shanghai Xinnong Feed Co., Ltd. Material 4325, contains：0.5% phytase, 8.75% lysine, 2.5% threonine, 5% glauber salt, 37.5% stone flour, 12.5% CaHPO₄, 7.5% salt, 0.25% copper sulphate, 1.25% ferrous glycine, 1.25% zinc methionine, 0.5% manganese sulfate, 0.5% 1% iodine, 0.5% Organic Selenium, 1.25% lactic acid bacteria, 0.75% complex microorganism, 0.75% compound vitamin and 18.75% zeolite Powder.

The 4% sows in lactation compound premix that later stage premix is sold for Shanghai Xinnong Feed Co., Ltd. 4326, contain：0.5% phytase, 13.75% lysine, 2.5% methionine, 6.25% threonine, 5% glauber salt, 37.5% Stone flour, 12.5%CaHPO₄, 7.5% salt, 0.25% copper sulphate, 1.25% ferrous glycine, 1.25% zinc methionine, 0.5% Manganese sulfate, 0.5% 1% iodine, 0.5% Organic Selenium, 1.25% lactic acid bacteria, 0.75% complex microorganism, 0.75% compound vitamin With 7.5% zeolite powder.

Breeding results

The breeding results of the foreign binary of table 2 (long × big) pig

As shown in Table 2, compared to control group, average nest litter size is carried the experimental group of foreign binary (long × big) pig by 13.23 Rise to 14.75, average the number of live birth is promoted to 14.04 by 12.27, that is, averagely every nest increases by 1～2, average birth weight 1.41kg is promoted to by 1.35kg.

Embodiment 2 Shanghai White swine rearing

Selection gestational age is close, breeding 42 Shanghai White pigs of age in days identical, is divided into experimental group (21) and control group (21 Head), using feeding manner during identical conventinal breeding sow, control and prevention of disease measure and other feeding and management measures, make respectively Raised with the feed of the experimental group shown in table 1 and control group, breeding uses early stage material to feed for 89 days to gestation in first 5 days, pregnant It is pregnent 90 days and terminate (28 days postpartum) using later stage material nursing to lactation.Wherein, the early stage material used by experimental group and later stage material difference Prepare, according to early stage Mathematical Modeling, the sow breeding early stage feed prepared with later stage Mathematical Modeling for the present invention and sow is numerous Grow later stage feed.Early stage material used by control group and later stage expect for common former field material.

The feed formula of the experimental group of table 3 Shanghai White pig and control group and trophic level

Note：Early stage premix and 4% sow gestation of later stage premix respectively Shanghai Xinnong Feed Co., Ltd. Early stage compound premix 4325 and 4% sows in lactation compound premix 4326.

Breeding results

The breeding results of table 4 Shanghai White pig

As shown in Table 4, the experimental group of Shanghai White pig is compared to control group, and average the number of live birth is by the 11.24 of control group It is promoted to 12.1, that is, averagely every nest increase son alive number is 1, and average birth weight is also promoted to 1.48kg by 1.44kg.

Embodiment 3 plum mountain swine rearing

Selection gestational age is close, breeding age in days identical 100 plum mountain pig, is divided into experimental group (50) and control group (50), Using feeding manner during identical conventinal breeding sow, control and prevention of disease measure and other feeding and management measures, respectively using table 1 The feed of shown experimental group and control group is raised, and breeding uses early stage material to feed for 89 days to gestation in first 5 days, gestation 90 days Terminate (30 days postpartum) to lactation to feed using later stage material.Wherein, the early stage material used by experimental group and later stage material are respectively this Bright prepares the sow breeding early stage feed prepared with later stage Mathematical Modeling and sow post-reproductive according to early stage Mathematical Modeling Use feed.Early stage material used by control group and later stage expect for common former field material.

The feed formula of the experimental group of table 5 plum mountain pig and control group and trophic level

Note：Early stage premix and 4% sow gestation of later stage premix respectively Shanghai Xinnong Feed Co., Ltd. Early stage compound premix 4325 and 4% sows in lactation compound premix 4326.

Breeding results

The breeding results of table 6 plum mountain pig

As shown in Table 6, the experimental group of plum mountain pig compared to control group although average birth weight decreases, but averagely Nest litter size and average the number of live birth increase substantially, and average the number of live birth is promoted to 14.43 by the 10.09 of control group, often Nest farrowing increased 3～4.

In summary, in the sow breeding early stage feed and sow post-reproductive feed of the present invention, crude fiber content For 5～6.5%, limit content and their ratio of lysine and threonine simultaneously, other in feed can be made required The content of amino acid more equalizes, and trophic level can meet even better than NRC2012 standard, it is to avoid occur because of crude fibre in feed Too high levels and lead to sow nutrition intake not enough or unbalanced situation, contribute to the growth of fetus.Before described sow breeding Phase feed and described sow post-reproductive are used with feed formulation, can effectively improve the reproduction ability of sow, increase sow nest Number born alive and piglet birth weight.

Claims (10)

1. a broad sow breeding early stage feed, described breeding early stage is first 5 days of breeding to pregnant 89 days it is characterised in that institute The trophic level stated in the material content and raw material of sow breeding early stage feed meets following early stage Mathematical Modeling：

$\left(1\right)---{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i=1,n\≥5,$

$\left(2\right)---3000kcal/kg\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×{\mathrm{DE}}_i\≤3400kcal/kg,$

$\left(3\right)---5\%\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×F_i\≤6.5\%,$

$\left(4\right)---11\%\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×{\mathrm{CP}}_i\≤15\%,$

$\left(5\right)---12g\≤G\×{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×L_i\≤20g,$

$\left(6\right)---7g\≤G\×{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×T_i\≤13g,$

$\left(7\right)---1.5\≤\frac{{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×L_i}{{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×T_i}\≤1.8;$

Wherein, i represents the label of a certain raw material i in feed, and n represents that described sow breeds total raw material kind in early stage feed Number, A_iRepresent that raw material i breeds the percentage by weight in early stage feed, DE in described sow_iRepresent the pig digestible energy of raw material i, F_i Represent coarse-fibred percentage by weight in raw material i, CP_iRepresent the percentage by weight of crude protein in raw material i, L_iRepresent in raw material i and rely The percentage by weight of propylhomoserin, T_iRepresent the percentage by weight of threonine in raw material i, G represents that sow breeds the daily ingestion amount of early stage.

2. sow as claimed in claim 1 breeds early stage feed it is characterised in that G is 2.3～2.5kg, described front issue Learning model is：

$\left(1\right)---{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i=1,5\≤n\≤10,$

$\left(2\right)---3000kcal/kg\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×{\mathrm{DE}}_i\≤3200kcal/kg,$

$\left(3\right)---5\%\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×F_i\≤6.5\%,$

$\left(4\right)---12\%\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×{\mathrm{CP}}_i\≤14\%$

$\left(5\right)---15g\≤G\×{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×L_i\≤20g,$

$\left(6\right)---9g\≤G\×{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{i=1}^n{A}_i\×T_i\≤13g,$

Preferably

3. sow breeding early stage feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is it is characterised in that breed early stage to account for described sow With the percentage by weight meter of feed, the raw material that described sow breeds early stage feed includes：Energy feed 62～67%, albumen are raised Material 13～18%, roughage 9～17%, fatty feed 2～4% and early stage premix 4%.

4. sow as claimed in claim 3 breeding early stage feed is it is characterised in that described energy feed is selected from corn, big Rice, crack rice, one or more of potato dry powder, flour, wheat-middlings and Chinese sorghum, described protein feed is selected from dregs of beans, peanut cake, fermentation One or more of dregs of beans, fish meal, meat meal tankage, expanded soybean and full-fat bean, described roughage is Granulated alfalfa, wheat One or more of bran, rice bran and beet pulp, described fat feed is one of soybean oil, rapeseed oil and peanut oil.

5. sow as claimed in claim 3 breeds early stage feed it is characterised in that described sow breeds early stage feed Raw material also includes lysine and/or threonine.

6. a broad sow post-reproductive feed, described post-reproductive is that gestation terminates it is characterised in that described for 90 days to lactation Trophic level in the material content and raw material of sow post-reproductive feed meets following later stage Mathematical Modeling：

$\left(1\right)---{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j=1,m\≥5,$

$\left(2\right)---3100kcal/kg\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j\×{\mathrm{DE}}_j\≤3400kcal/kg,$

$\left(3\right)---5\%\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j\×F_j\≤6.5\%,$

$\left(4\right)---16\%\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j\×{\mathrm{CP}}_j\≤19\%,$

$\left(5\right)---25g\≤H\×{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j\×L_j\≤55g,$

$\left(6\right)---23g\≤H\×{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j\×T_j\≤52g,$

$\left(7\right)---0.8\≤\frac{{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j\×L_j}{{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j-1}^m{B}_j\×T_j}\≤1.2;$

Wherein, j represents the label of a certain raw material j in feed, and m represents total raw material kind in described sow post-reproductive feed Number, B_jRepresent percentage by weight in described sow post-reproductive feed for the raw material j, DE_jRepresent the pig digestible energy of raw material j, F_j Represent coarse-fibred percentage by weight in raw material j, CP_jRepresent the percentage by weight of crude protein in raw material j, L_jRepresent in raw material j and rely The percentage by weight of propylhomoserin, T_jRepresent the percentage by weight of threonine in raw material j, H represents the daily ingestion amount of sow post-reproductive.

7. sow post-reproductive feed as claimed in claim 6 it is characterised in that H be 3.5～5.5kg, described rear issue Learning model is：

$\left(1\right)---{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j=1,5\≤m\≤10,$

$\left(2\right)---3100kcal/kg\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j\×{\mathrm{DE}}_j\≤3400kcal/kg,$

$\left(3\right)---5\%\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j\×F_j\≤6.5\%,$

$\left(4\right)---16\%\≤{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j\×{\mathrm{CP}}_j\≤19\%,$

$\left(5\right)---25g\≤H\×{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j\×L_j\≤55g,$

$\left(6\right)---23g\≤H\×{\mathrm{\Σ}}_{j=1}^m{B}_j\×T_j\≤52g,$

Preferably

8. sow post-reproductive feed as claimed in claims 6 or 7 is it is characterised in that to account for described sow post-reproductive With the percentage by weight meter of feed, the raw material of described sow post-reproductive feed includes：Energy feed 52～54%, albumen are raised Material 22～29%, roughage 9～16%, fatty feed 1～10% and later stage premix 4%.

9. sow post-reproductive feed as claimed in claim 8 is it is characterised in that described energy feed is selected from corn, big Rice, crack rice, one or more of potato dry powder, flour, wheat-middlings and Chinese sorghum, described protein feed is selected from dregs of beans, peanut cake, fermentation One or more of dregs of beans, fish meal, meat meal tankage, bean dregs and full-fat bean, described roughage is Granulated alfalfa, wheat bran, rice One or more of chaff and beet pulp, described fat feed is one or more of soybean oil, rapeseed oil and peanut oil.

10. sow post-reproductive feed as claimed in claim 8 is it is characterised in that described sow post-reproductive feed Raw material also include lysine and/or threonine.