CN112457857A - Soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mining area - Google Patents
Soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mining area Download PDFInfo
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- CN112457857A CN112457857A CN202011198369.XA CN202011198369A CN112457857A CN 112457857 A CN112457857 A CN 112457857A CN 202011198369 A CN202011198369 A CN 202011198369A CN 112457857 A CN112457857 A CN 112457857A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in a coal mine area. The straw fertilizer comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A and the component B are uniformly doped according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to 2:1, and the straw fertilizer utilizes decayed straws and Cd in soil2+Take place to adsorb, complexation/chelate and precipitation effect and influence the morphological classification of Cd in soil, utilize the yeast to mainly include oxidation and reduction to heavy metal's bioconversion effect, methylation and demethylation, dissolving effect and organic complex coordination degradation conversion heavy metal, simultaneously, the yeast also can play certain corruption effect to the straw, in addition, utilize biochar's adsorption, the effectual heavy metal with in the soil adsorbs, the adsorbed heavy metal of biological decomposition that utilizes heavy metal resistant fungus decomposes, finally reach the purpose of restoreing soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in a coal mine area.
Background
Soil is an important natural resource in China and also a material basis on which human beings live and develop. With the increase of population, the development of mining industry and the reduction of per capita cultivated land area, the rational utilization, management and restoration of mining area soil resources are particularly important. The energy structure of China is mainly coal, and the coal accounts for about 70% of disposable energy consumption. Coal makes great contribution to the economic development of China and also has serious influence on the soil environment of mining areas. Such as surface subsidence in coal mining areas; the solid wastes (coal gangue and fly ash) in the mining area are accumulated on the ground surface, so that land resources are lost, the soil application is changed, the pollution is caused and the like.
At present, the soil in coal mine areas in China is compared with the heavy metal in metal mine soil, and the heavy metal content in the soil in the coal mine areas is relatively low except that the differences of As, Cr and Ni are not obvious. The pollution of Cd (cadmium) is the most serious, Cd is a non-essential element of plants, and the Cd only has a promoting effect on the growth of a few plants at a low concentration and has an obvious toxic effect on most plants. The cadmium is enriched in the plant, if the cadmium enters the body of an animal or a human body by eating, 6-10% of the cadmium is absorbed, the absorbed cadmium is transported to the liver by blood, is combined with protein and then is transported to other tissues, and due to the lack of an effective balance maintaining technology in the body, the cadmium in the body is continuously accumulated and finally damages the lung, the liver, the kidney, the cardiovascular system, the bone, the urogenital system, the immune system and the nervous system of the human body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in a coal mine area, which is reasonable in design, simple in formula and capable of effectively repairing the soil in the coal mine area.
In order to solve the technical problem, the soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mine areas comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A and the component B are uniformly doped according to the weight ratio of 1-2: 1, and the preparation method of the component A comprises the following effective steps:
a. firstly, piling straws, preserving heat and moisture, and promoting the straw decomposition for later use;
b. performing slant culture on a yeast strain in a test tube, inoculating and culturing an F bottle, inoculating and culturing a Karl Fischer bottle, and fermenting a seed tank to a commodity tank for fermentation;
c. adding the decomposed straw into a commodity tank to fully combine the saccharomycetes and the straw;
d. carrying out plate-and-frame filter pressing and granulation on straws combined with saccharomycetes to obtain a component A;
the preparation method of the component B comprises the following effective steps:
A. firstly, carrying out pyrolysis and carbonization on a biomass raw material under the condition of complete or partial oxygen deficiency to obtain biochar;
B. crushing biological carbon to a particle size of less than 1mm for later use;
C. placing the heavy metal resistant bacteria in a culture medium for culturing until the strains are propagated;
D. adding the biochar prepared in the step b into a culture medium, uniformly mixing, and performing fermentation culture to obtain a heavy metal resistant bacterium biochar fermentation broth;
E. adding chitosan and sodium alginate into the heavy metal resistant bacteria biochar fermentation liquor according to the weight ratio of 2:1, uniformly stirring, extruding into a calcium chloride solution through an injection device, and carrying out crosslinking reaction for 10-48 h to obtain the component B.
The soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mine areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step a, straw rotting agents are further added.
Preferably, in the step A, the biomass raw material is crop straws.
Preferably, the heavy metal resistant bacteria are pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis and trametes versicolor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by utilizing decomposed straw and Cd in soil2+Adsorption, complexation/chelation and precipitation occur to affect the morphological classification of Cd in soil, and the biotransformation of heavy metals by yeast mainly comprises oxidation and reduction, methylation and demethylation, and dissolutionThe heavy metal is degraded and converted by decomposition and organic complexing coordination, meanwhile, the saccharomycetes can also play a certain role in decomposing the straws, in addition, the heavy metal in the soil is effectively adsorbed by utilizing the adsorption effect of the biochar, and the heavy metal adsorbed by the biological decomposition of the heavy metal resistant bacteria is decomposed, so that the aim of repairing the soil is finally fulfilled.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure.
The soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mine areas comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A and the component B are uniformly doped according to the weight ratio of 1-2: 1, and the preparation method of the component A comprises the following effective steps:
e. firstly, piling straws, preserving heat and moisture, and promoting the straw decomposition for later use;
f. performing slant culture on a yeast strain in a test tube, inoculating and culturing an F bottle, inoculating and culturing a Karl Fischer bottle, and fermenting a seed tank to a commodity tank for fermentation;
g. adding the decomposed straw into a commodity tank to fully combine the saccharomycetes and the straw;
h. carrying out plate-and-frame filter pressing and granulation on straws combined with saccharomycetes to obtain a component A;
the preparation method of the component B comprises the following effective steps:
F. firstly, carrying out pyrolysis and carbonization on a biomass raw material under the condition of complete or partial oxygen deficiency to obtain biochar;
G. crushing biological carbon to a particle size of less than 1mm for later use;
H. placing the heavy metal resistant bacteria in a culture medium for culturing until the strains are propagated;
I. adding the biochar prepared in the step b into a culture medium, uniformly mixing, and performing fermentation culture to obtain a heavy metal resistant bacterium biochar fermentation broth;
J. adding chitosan and sodium alginate into the heavy metal resistant bacteria biochar fermentation liquor according to the weight ratio of 2:1, uniformly stirring, extruding into a calcium chloride solution through an injection device, and carrying out crosslinking reaction for 10-48 h to obtain the component B.
The soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mine areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step a, straw rotting agents are further added.
Preferably, in the step A, the biomass raw material is crop straws.
Preferably, the heavy metal resistant bacteria are pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis and trametes versicolor.
The soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in a coal mine area comprises a component A and a component B, the component A and the component B are matched and coordinated with each other, the soil in the coal mine area is effectively repaired, the component A and the component B are uniformly doped according to the weight ratio of 1-2: 1, and in the embodiment, the component A and the component B are doped according to the weight ratio of 2: 1. In the embodiment, the component A is selected in a large amount, and the application effect of the yeast in the experimental area is better mainly for other biological bacteria.
In this example, the preparation method of the component A comprises the following effective steps:
firstly, the straws are piled up and kept warm and moist to promote straw decomposition for standby use, in the embodiment, the straws are rice straws, the straw decomposition can be naturally decomposed, the straw decomposition can be accelerated by adding a straw decomposition agent, the straws are not required to be completely decomposed when being used, the straws can be in a semi-decomposed state, namely about one third of decomposition amount is enough, the decomposed straws are rich in microbial flora for decomposing cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and other biological organic substances, the straws can quickly decompose organic substances such as crop straws and the like, and the organic substances are enabled to containThe organic matters, phosphorus, potassium and other elements become the nutrients required by plants, a large amount of beneficial bacteria capable of stimulating the growth of crops are generated, the organic matters of the soil are improved, and meanwhile, the research shows that the decomposed straw can adsorb Cd on the soil2+And (4) desorbing. The content of water-soluble Cd and EDTA-bound Cd in the soil is improved, and the bioavailability of Cd is further reduced.
The yeast strain is subjected to test tube slant culture, F bottle inoculation culture, Karl-bottle inoculation culture and seed tank fermentation to be fermented in a commodity tank, and the yeast is added into the component A, wherein the biological conversion effects of the yeast on heavy metals mainly comprise oxidation and reduction, methylation and demethylation, dissolution, organic complexing and coordination degradation and conversion of heavy metals and the like. The method mainly utilizes that the surface of yeast bears negative charges and has a plurality of functional groups such as amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, aldehyde group, sulfate radical and the like, and can fix heavy metal ions through electrostatic adsorption and complexation. Meanwhile, the saccharomycetes can also accelerate straw decomposition, so that the straw subjected to semi-decomposition is added into a commodity tank to enable the saccharomycetes and the straw to be fully combined, and then the straw combined with the saccharomycetes is subjected to plate-and-frame filter pressing and granulation to obtain straw yeast particles, namely the component A.
The preparation method of the component B comprises the following effective steps:
the biomass raw materials are subjected to pyrolysis carbonization under the condition of complete or partial oxygen deficiency to obtain biochar, in the embodiment, the biomass raw materials adopt crop straws, China is a big agricultural country, according to incomplete statistics, the crop straws generated in China every year can reach 8 hundred million tons, except a few of the crop straws are used for feeding livestock, returning to fields, papermaking and the like, other most parts are directly burnt, the crop straws are prepared into the biochar, and the aim of adsorbing total metals can be achieved by utilizing the adsorption capacity of the biochar.
In this embodiment, biochar is used as a carrier for microorganisms in addition to being used as a heavy metal adsorption material, and in order to be better matched with microorganisms, biochar is crushed to have a particle size of less than 1mm for later use. The porous structure of the biochar can provide corresponding environmental space for the growth of fungi.
For the purpose of removing cadmium, biological removal of heavy metals is the most environmentally friendly way, and for this reason, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis and trametes versicolor are selected in this embodiment. The pseudomonas aeruginosa has excellent siderophore production capability, can increase the high heavy metal concentration resistance of plants, improve the detoxification of the plants, and simultaneously avoid the growth of the plants promoted by the oxidation of auxin. On the other hand, before the iron carrier is used As a chelating agent to chelate iron ions, the iron carrier can also form a stable compound with heavy metals such As Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, As and the like, so that the solubility of the substances is improved, the absorption of plants is increased, and the aim of restoring soil is fulfilled.
The bacillus subtilis is mainly used for inhibiting the absorption of plants to heavy metals, and can also improve the decomposition of straws, and the Coriolus versicolor trametes can also accelerate the decomposition of the straws and improve the repair efficiency.
And (3) placing the heavy metal resistant bacteria into a culture medium for culturing until the strains are propagated. And then adding the biochar into the culture medium, uniformly mixing, and carrying out fermentation culture to obtain the biochar fermentation liquor of the heavy metal resistant bacteria, wherein the addition of the biochar mainly provides a carrier for the heavy metal resistant bacteria.
Considering that pseudomonas aeruginosa needs a certain humid environment in life, in order to solidify the heavy metal resistant bacteria, chitosan and sodium alginate are added into the heavy metal resistant bacteria biochar fermentation liquor according to the weight ratio of 2:1, the mixture is uniformly stirred and then extruded into a calcium chloride solution through an injection device to perform a crosslinking reaction for 10-48 hours, and the obtained heavy metal resistant bacteria biochar gel particles are mainly formed, wherein the chitosan mainly provides nutrition for the heavy metal resistant bacteria, meanwhile, the chitosan also can provide certain nutrition for the growth of plants, and the sodium alginate mainly utilizes the viscosity of the sodium alginate to biologically solidify the heavy metal resistant bacteria, so that the heavy metal resistant bacteria biochar gel particles, namely the component B, are obtained.
Therefore, the A component and the B component are matched for use, so that the absorption of heavy metals by plants is inhibited while soil is restored, and the purpose of not influencing soil planting while soil is restored is achieved.
Taking the case of planting rape in a coal mine area in a certain place
Firstly, two adjacent lands of one mu of each coal mine area in a certain area are selected, and the content of heavy metal is determined to be consistent.
One of the lands was applied with the soil conditioner provided in example 1 at a rate of 200 kg per mu, and the other land was not treated at all, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: the soil conditioner provided in example 1 affects the enrichment coefficient of the rape root system.
The Cd content of each part of the rape which is not planted with the soil conditioner is far greater than that of each part of the rape which is planted with the soil conditioner, and the individual comparison shows that the Cd content of the root system of the rape which is planted with the soil conditioner is reduced by 7.32 percent, the Cd content of the stem leaf is reduced by 11.29 percent, the silique shell is reduced by 21.24 percent, the grain is reduced by 26.57 percent, and the treatment reaches an obvious significance difference level. The Cd content of the rapes planted by the soil conditioner is highest in roots, then stems and leaves, then silique shells and finally seeds. Therefore, the soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mine areas, provided by the example 1, is proved to have an obvious effect of restoring soil and inhibiting Cd absorption by plants.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention in other forms, and any person skilled in the art may apply the above modifications or changes to the equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and change made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mining areas is characterized in that: the paint comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A and the component B are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: doping uniformly in a ratio of 1 to 2: 1; the preparation method of the component A comprises the following steps:
a. firstly, piling straws, preserving heat and moisture, and promoting the straw decomposition for later use; sequentially carrying out test tube slant culture, F bottle inoculation culture, Karl Fischer bottle inoculation culture and seed tank fermentation on yeast strains to a commodity tank for fermentation;
b. adding the decomposed straw into a commodity tank to fully combine the saccharomycetes and the straw;
c. carrying out plate-and-frame filter pressing and granulation on straws combined with saccharomycetes to obtain a component A;
the preparation method of the component B comprises the following steps:
A. firstly, carrying out pyrolysis and carbonization on a biomass raw material under the condition of complete or partial oxygen deficiency to obtain biochar;
B. crushing biological carbon to a particle size of less than 1mm for later use;
C. placing the heavy metal resistant bacteria in a culture medium for culturing until the strains are propagated;
D. adding the biochar prepared in the step b into a culture medium, uniformly mixing, and performing fermentation culture to obtain a heavy metal resistant bacterium biochar fermentation broth;
E. adding chitosan and sodium alginate into the heavy metal resistant bacteria biochar fermentation liquor according to the weight ratio of 2:1, uniformly stirring, extruding into a calcium chloride solution through an injection device, and carrying out crosslinking reaction for 10-48 h to obtain the component B.
2. The soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mine areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step a, straw rotting agents are further added.
3. The soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mine areas, according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in the step A, the biomass raw material is crop straws.
4. The soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mine areas, according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the heavy metal resistant bacteria are pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis and coriolus versicolor trametes.
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| CN202011198369.XA CN112457857A (en) | 2020-10-31 | 2020-10-31 | Soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mining area |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115433586A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-06 | 江苏大学 | Soil remediation agent for heavy metal pollution treatment and preparation method thereof |
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