CN111482453A - Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by combining plants and fungi - Google Patents
Method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by combining plants and fungi Download PDFInfo
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- CN111482453A CN111482453A CN201910072168.6A CN201910072168A CN111482453A CN 111482453 A CN111482453 A CN 111482453A CN 201910072168 A CN201910072168 A CN 201910072168A CN 111482453 A CN111482453 A CN 111482453A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by combining plants and fungi, which comprises the following steps: step a, immobilized culture of fungi: inoculating fungi to the decomposed straw, fermenting and culturing until the straw is full of mycelia; step b, transplanting fungi: b, moving the straws overgrowing with the mycelia in the step a to the surface layer of the soil, and covering a small amount of soil to enable the straws to be half-buried in the soil; c, planting plants: plants with the function of enriching the heavy metals are planted in the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by combining plants and fungi, belonging to the technical field of biological treatment of soil pollution.
Background
The 2014 soil survey bulletin shows that the total exceeding rate of the national soil heavy metals is 16.1%, the content distribution of 4 inorganic pollutants of cadmium, mercury, arsenic and lead is gradually increased from the northwest to the southeast and from the northeast to the southwest, the heavy metal pollution situation of the soil is not optimistic, and the soil pollution treatment is not slow. Soil heavy metal pollution is extremely shady, and besides hindering plant growth, the soil heavy metal pollution is easy to accumulate in human bodies and seriously harms human health.
The harm of heavy metal pollution of soil is large, and the treatment difficulty is also large. Around heavy metal contamination of soil, there have been many remediation techniques. The traditional physical chemistry heavy metal restoration technology has the advantages of short time, quick effect and the like for treating the seriously polluted soil, but is usually accompanied by the risks of high energy consumption, high cost, secondary pollution and the like, so that the technology is not suitable for restoring the polluted soil on a large scale. Accordingly, bioremediation methods developed in recent years for remedying contaminated soil using specific plants or microorganisms have received much attention because of their advantages of environmental friendliness, high efficiency, low cost, and the like. Bioremediation refers to a controlled or spontaneous biological process that utilizes the metabolic activity of organisms and their metabolites to enrich, degrade, or immobilize contaminants in soil, thereby restoring the productive or landscape value of the contaminated soil. Bioremediation is mainly based on phytoremediation and microbial remediation. For heavy metals, the structure is simple, the properties are stable, and therefore, plant extraction, plant fixation or microbial adsorption methods are often adopted for repair.
Patent CN 106167776A discloses a strain of Bacillus cereus with a function of efficiently activating cadmium, which is used for activating soil mineral nutrients at the rhizosphere to promote plant growth, and can effectively dissolve cadmium in main binding forms such as a soil carbonate binding state and a phosphate binding state, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of restoring heavy metal cadmium in soil by using super-accumulation plants. Patent CN 106944473A discloses that pasture is planted in uranium-contaminated soil, and microorganism compound bacteria are colonized on the pasture, and the remediation of the uranium-contaminated soil is realized through the combined action of the pasture and the microorganisms. Patent CN 102513340A discloses a plant microorganism combined repair technology, which utilizes microorganisms to activate heavy metals and promote the absorption of heavy metal cadmium by tobacco. The above-disclosed patents promote the enrichment of heavy metals in plants by either the activation of heavy metals by microorganisms or the stimulation of plants by microorganisms. The method disclosed by the prior art only aims at the enrichment of heavy metals in the deep layer of soil, and a method for the combined enrichment of heavy metals in the deep layer and the surface layer of soil is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for jointly repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by using plants and fungi, which can simultaneously enrich heavy metals in the deep layer and the surface layer of the soil and achieve the aim of joint repair.
A method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by using plants and fungi in a combined manner comprises the following steps:
step a, immobilized culture of fungi: inoculating fungi to the decomposed straw, fermenting and culturing until the straw is full of mycelia;
step b, transplanting fungi: b, moving the straws overgrowing with the mycelia in the step a to the surface layer of the soil, and covering a small amount of soil to enable the straws to be half-buried in the soil;
c, planting plants: plants with the function of enriching the heavy metals are planted in the soil.
The method can be used for treating the soil polluted by different heavy metals, including but not limited to cadmium, mercury, arsenic and lead. The skilled person can select plants and fungi which have enrichment effect on different heavy metals and are disclosed in the prior art, and the removal of heavy metals in the deep layer and the surface layer of the soil is realized according to the method of the invention.
In a specific embodiment, for cadmium contaminated soil, the fungus is selected from any one or more of trichoderma atroviride, trichoderma viride and mucor circinelloides; the plant is selected from herba Solani Nigri, caulis et folium Brassicae campestris, ramulus Euonymi Fortunei, radix Rhodiolae, radix Phytolaccae, herba Taraxaci, and Indian mustard;
for mercury contaminated soil, the fungus is selected from trichoderma viride, fusarium oxysporum; said plant is selected from Euphorbiae radix, Artemisia absinthium L, Achyranthis radix, and Pteridium aquilinum;
for arsenic contaminated soil, the fungus is selected from the group consisting of violaceous, gliocladium roseum; the plant is selected from Grateloupia filicina, Stenoloma chusanum, and Trifolium Pratense;
for lead contaminated soil, the fungus is selected from the group consisting of trichoderma viride, trichoderma atroviride, fusarium oxysporum; the plant is selected from ramulus Euonymi Fortunei, herba Xanthii, herba Amaranthii, and herba Cymbopogonis Citrari;
in a specific embodiment, the straw is selected from straw, wheat straw, grass weeds and the like. The straws inoculated with the fungi are decomposed, namely the straws are bundled into bundles or mats, soaked in water and fully expanded, moved to a greenhouse and kept at the temperature of between 50 and 70 ℃, and then kept wet for 5 to 7 days for decomposition. Through decomposition, fungi which originally do not use straws as substrates can quickly grow on the straws, and the problems of carrier source and utilization are solved.
In a specific embodiment, the step b can be repeated for several times, the straw carriers are removed from the soil every 10-15 days, the newly immobilized and cultured fungi are moved to the surface layer of the heavy metal contaminated soil, and a small amount of soil is covered, so that the culture carriers are half buried in the soil.
The invention has the creativity that the heavy metal is enriched by utilizing the fungi and the plants which are enriched with the heavy metal to respectively concentrate the heavy metal at different distribution positions of the soil, thereby realizing the removal of the heavy metal. Specifically, the fungi which are rich in heavy metals are subjected to immobilized culture on the straws, then the straws which are cultured with the fungi are moved to the surface layer of the soil polluted by the heavy metals, and the soil is moisturized and insulated to allow the fungi to be rich in the heavy metals on the surface layer of the soil. Meanwhile, the heavy metal super-enrichment plant is planted in the heavy metal polluted soil, so that the root system of the plant can permeate into the deep soil layer, and the heavy metal in the deep soil layer is enriched. Finally, the fungi enrich the heavy metals on the surface layer of the soil, and the plants enrich the heavy metals in the deep soil, thereby achieving the purpose of combined remediation.
Detailed Description
Example 1 remediation of cadmium contaminated soil
The test area soil remediation method comprises the following steps: sterilizing Solanum nigrum seed with 0.1% mercuric chloride, washing with tap water, and washing with distilled water. And (3) preserving moisture at 25-30 ℃ for germination, and then transferring the germinated seeds to a seedling tray for 20-25 days by using humus soil. After the nursery is carried out, the black nightshade with soil seedlings in the nursery tray is transplanted into the soil polluted by cadmium, the distance between the seedlings is kept to be 25-30 cm, and water is regularly sprayed to keep the soil moist.
Bundling straws into bundles or mats, soaking in water to fully absorb the straws, moving the straws into a greenhouse, keeping the temperature at 50-70 ℃, and preserving moisture for 5-7 days for decomposition. After the weather in spring is warmed, the deep Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma viride and Mucor circinelloides spores which are obtained by screening in the laboratory and have the capacity of enriching cadmium are mixed and inoculated on the thoroughly decomposed straw, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the temperature is kept at 25-32 ℃ in a fermentation tank or a greenhouse, ventilation is carried out, the straw bundle is cultured for 4-6 days, and the straw bundle is grown with hypha. And moving the immobilized cultured fungi to the gaps of the nightshade seedlings on the surface layer of the cadmium-polluted soil, covering a small amount of soil to enable the culture carrier to be half buried in the soil, sprinkling water, preserving moisture, and removing the straw carrier from the soil after 10-15 days. Then the new immobilized cultured fungus is moved to the surface layer of the cadmium polluted soil, a small amount of soil is covered, the culture carrier is half buried in the soil, water is sprinkled, and moisture is kept continuously. The steps of engraftment and removal of the immobilized cultured fungi are repeated continuously. And after 9-10 months, removing the plants and performing harmless treatment before the solanum nigrum plants wither.
And (3) a control area soil remediation method: solanum nigrum is transplanted in the same manner as in example 1, except that the fixed culture and transplantation of fungi are not included.
Comparison of effects
After one-year combined remediation, respectively taking a surface soil sample and a deep soil sample before remediation, and detecting the surface soil sample and the deep soil sample in a comparison area, and the surface soil sample and the deep soil sample in a test area. The result shows that the effect of the fungus-plant combined remediation of the cadmium-polluted soil is superior to the single plant remediation effect, and the surface layer remediation effect is superior to the deep layer remediation effect. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 detection results of cadmium content in soil
Example 2 remediation of Mercury contaminated soil
The test area soil remediation method comprises the following steps: the mugwort seeds are moisturized and germinated at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, and then the germinated seeds are transferred to a seedling tray and are protected by humus for 20-25 days. After 20-25 days of conservation, transplanting the mugwort with soil seedlings in the seedling tray into mercury-polluted soil, keeping the distance between seedlings at 25-30 cm, and periodically spraying water to keep the soil moist.
Bundling straws into bundles or mats, soaking in water to fully absorb the straws, moving the straws into a greenhouse, keeping the temperature at 50-70 ℃, and preserving moisture for 5-7 days for decomposition. After the weather of the season is warm, screening and obtaining trichoderma atroviride with super cadmium enrichment capacity and fusarium oxysporum spores in the laboratory, mixing and inoculating the trichoderma atroviride and fusarium oxysporum spores on thoroughly decomposed straws, uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature of 25-32 ℃ on a fermentation tank or a fermentation bed, ventilating, culturing for 4-6 days, and allowing hyphae to grow over straw bundles. And (3) transferring the immobilized cultured fungi to the surface layer of the mercury-contaminated soil and gaps among the mugwort seedlings, covering a small amount of soil to enable the culture carrier to be half buried in the soil, sprinkling water, preserving moisture, and removing the straw carrier from the soil after 10-15 days. Then the new immobilized cultured fungus is moved to the surface layer of the cadmium polluted soil, a small amount of soil is covered, the culture carrier is half buried in the soil, water is sprinkled, and moisture is kept continuously. The steps of engraftment and removal of the immobilized cultured fungi are repeated continuously. Before the wild mugwort plants wither, the plants are removed for harmless treatment.
And (3) a control area soil remediation method: mugwort was transplanted in the same manner as in example 2, except that the immobilized culture and transplantation of fungi were not included.
Comparison of effects
After one-year combined remediation, respectively taking a surface soil sample and a deep soil sample before remediation, and detecting the surface soil sample and the deep soil sample in a comparison area, and the surface soil sample and the deep soil sample in a test area. The result shows that the effect of the mercury-polluted soil restoration by the combination of the fungi and the plants is better than the restoration effect of a single plant, and the restoration effect of the surface layer restoration is better than the deep layer restoration. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 detection results of mercury content in soil
EXAMPLE 3 remediation of arsenic-contaminated soil
The test area soil remediation method comprises the following steps: transplanting the centipede grass seedlings in the seedling raising field into arsenic-polluted soil in a separated mode, keeping the distance between the seedlings to be 25-30 cm, and regularly spraying water to keep the soil moist.
Bundling up the wheat straws into bundles or pads, soaking the wheat straws in water to fully absorb the wheat straws, moving the wheat straws into a greenhouse, keeping the temperature at 50-70 ℃, and preserving moisture for 5-7 days for decomposition. After the weather becomes warm in the season, purple violet spore, gliocladium roseum spore and the like which are screened and obtained by the laboratory and have the capability of enriching arsenic are mixed and inoculated on the rotten wheat straw, the mixture is uniformly mixed, the temperature is kept at 25-32 ℃ on a fermentation tank or a fermentation bed, ventilation is carried out, the straw bundle is cultured for 4-6 days, and the straw bundle is grown with hypha. And moving the immobilized cultured fungi to the gaps of centipede grass seedlings on the surface layer of the arsenic-polluted soil, covering a small amount of soil to enable the culture carrier to be half buried in the soil, sprinkling water, preserving moisture, and removing the straw carrier from the soil after 10-15 days. Then the new immobilized cultured fungus is moved to the surface layer of the cadmium polluted soil, a small amount of soil is covered, the culture carrier is half buried in the soil, water is sprinkled, and moisture is kept continuously. The steps of engraftment and removal of the immobilized cultured fungi are repeated continuously. And (5) after 10 months, removing the ciliate desert-grass plants and performing harmless treatment.
And (3) a control area soil remediation method: ciliate desert-grass was transplanted in the same manner as in example 3, except that the immobilized culture and transplantation of fungi were excluded.
Comparison of effects
After one-year combined remediation, respectively taking a surface soil sample and a deep soil sample before remediation, and detecting the surface soil sample and the deep soil sample in a comparison area, and the surface soil sample and the deep soil sample in a test area. The result shows that the effect of the fungus-plant combined remediation of the arsenic-polluted soil is superior to the single plant remediation effect, and the surface layer remediation effect is superior to the deep layer remediation effect. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 results of arsenic content in soil
EXAMPLE 4 remediation of lead contaminated soil
The test area soil remediation method comprises the following steps: broadcasting the cocklebur seeds into the lead-polluted soil, thinning the seedlings, keeping the distance between the seedlings to be 25-30 cm, and regularly spraying water to keep the soil moist.
Bundling up the wheat straws into bundles or pads, soaking the wheat straws in water to fully absorb the wheat straws, moving the wheat straws into a greenhouse, keeping the temperature at 50-70 ℃, and preserving moisture for 5-7 days for decomposition. After the weather of the season is warm, screening and obtaining trichoderma viride, trichoderma atroviride, fusarium oxysporum spores and the like with super lead enrichment capacity in the laboratory, mixing and inoculating the mixture on the rotten wheat straws, uniformly mixing, keeping the temperature of 25-32 ℃ on a fermentation tank or a fermentation bed, ventilating, and culturing for 4-6 days until the straw bundles are full of hypha. And moving the immobilized cultured fungi to the gaps of the cocklebur seedlings on the surface layer of the arsenic-polluted soil, covering a small amount of soil to enable the culture carrier to be half buried in the soil, sprinkling water, preserving moisture, and removing the straw carrier from the soil after 10-15 days. Then the new immobilized cultured fungus is moved to the surface layer of the cadmium polluted soil, a small amount of soil is covered, the culture carrier is half buried in the soil, water is sprinkled, and moisture is kept continuously. The steps of engraftment and removal of the immobilized cultured fungi are repeated continuously. And (5) after 10 months, removing the xanthium sibiricum plants and performing harmless treatment.
And (3) a control area soil remediation method: xanthium strumarium was grown in the same manner as in example 4, except that no fixed culture and transplantation of the fungus was included.
Comparison of effects
After one-year combined remediation, respectively taking a surface soil sample and a deep soil sample before remediation, and detecting the surface soil sample and the deep soil sample in a comparison area, and the surface soil sample and the deep soil sample in a test area. The result shows that the effect of the fungus-plant combined remediation of the lead-polluted soil is superior to the single plant remediation effect, and the surface layer remediation effect is superior to the deep layer remediation effect. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 detection results of lead content in soil
Claims (9)
1. A method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by using plants and fungi in a combined manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a, immobilized culture of fungi: inoculating fungi to the decomposed straw, fermenting and culturing until the straw is full of mycelia;
step b, transplanting fungi: b, moving the straws overgrowing with the mycelia in the step a to the surface layer of the soil, and covering a small amount of soil to enable the straws to be half-buried in the soil;
c, planting plants: plants with the function of enriching the heavy metals are planted in the soil.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heavy metal comprises cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein for cadmium contaminated soil, the fungus is selected from any one or more of trichoderma atroviride, trichoderma viride, and mucor circinelloides; the plant is selected from herba Solani Nigri, caulis et folium Brassicae campestris, ramulus Euonymi Fortunei, radix Rhodiolae, radix Phytolaccae, herba Taraxaci, and Indian mustard.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein for mercury contaminated soil, the fungus is selected from the group consisting of trichoderma viride, fusarium oxysporum; the plant is selected from Euphorbiae radix, folium Artemisiae Argyi, Achyranthis radix, and Pteridium aquilinum.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein for arsenic contaminated soil, the fungus is selected from the group consisting of violaceous, gliocladium roseum; the plant is selected from Grateloupia filicina, Stenoloma chusanum, and Trifolium Pratense L.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein for lead contaminated soil, the fungus is selected from the group consisting of trichoderma viride, trichoderma atroviride, fusarium oxysporum; the plant is selected from ramulus Euonymi Fortunei, herba Xanthii, herba Amaranthii, and herba Cymbopogonis Citrari.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the straw is selected from the group consisting of straw, wheat straw and grass weeds.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the straw is decomposed by bundling the straw into bundles or mats, soaking the bundled straw in water to sufficiently absorb the straw, moving the straw to a greenhouse, keeping the temperature at 50-70 ℃, and preserving moisture for 5-7 days to decompose the straw.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step b can be repeated several times, the straw carrier is removed from the soil every 10-15 days, and the newly immobilized and cultured fungus is moved to the surface layer of the heavy metal contaminated soil.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN112175841A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-05 | 黑龙江东方学院 | AM (arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungus culture medium, AM fungus agent and AM fungus culture method |
| CN112427454A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-02 | 榕知(杭州)信息技术有限公司 | Microbial preparation for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN112457857A (en) * | 2020-10-31 | 2021-03-09 | 兰州资源环境职业技术学院 | Soil conditioner for removing heavy metals in coal mining area |
| WO2023092654A1 (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-06-01 | 浙江大学 | Fungus and biological agent for controlling mercury pollution, and use thereof, method for removing mercury, and method for identifying fungus having ability to control mercury pollution |
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