CN112443617B - 具有可调节的阻尼力的减振器 - Google Patents

具有可调节的阻尼力的减振器 Download PDF

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CN112443617B
CN112443617B CN202010883078.8A CN202010883078A CN112443617B CN 112443617 B CN112443617 B CN 112443617B CN 202010883078 A CN202010883078 A CN 202010883078A CN 112443617 B CN112443617 B CN 112443617B
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inner cylinder
shock absorber
valve element
sleeve
damping valve
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CN112443617A (zh
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克劳斯·施密特
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ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Bilstein GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/3271—Assembly or repair
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
    • F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
    • F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
    • F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
    • F16F9/185—Bitubular units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/3207—Constructional features
    • F16F9/3235—Constructional features of cylinders
    • F16F9/325—Constructional features of cylinders for attachment of valve units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/3207—Constructional features
    • F16F9/3235—Constructional features of cylinders
    • F16F9/3257—Constructional features of cylinders in twin-tube type devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/36—Special sealings, including sealings or guides for piston-rods
    • F16F9/369—Sealings for elements other than pistons or piston rods, e.g. valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/44—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction
    • F16F9/46—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction allowing control from a distance, i.e. location of means for control input being remote from site of valves, e.g. on damper external wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/12—Fluid damping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
    • F16F2228/06—Stiffness
    • F16F2228/066—Variable stiffness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0005—Attachment, e.g. to facilitate mounting onto confer adjustability
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0052—Physically guiding or influencing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/30—Sealing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2232/00—Nature of movement
    • F16F2232/08—Linear
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2234/00—Shape
    • F16F2234/02—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
    • F16F9/516—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics resulting in the damping effects during contraction being different from the damping effects during extension, i.e. responsive to the direction of movement

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有可调节的阻尼力的减振器，其包括具有至少一个工作腔的内缸、围绕内缸的外缸和至少一个与工作腔处于流体连接的阻尼阀元件。

Description

具有可调节的阻尼力的减振器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有可调节的阻尼力的减振器，减振器包括具有至少一个工作腔的内缸、围绕内缸的外缸和至少一个与工作腔处于流体连接的阻尼阀元件。
背景技术
在具有可调节的阻尼阀元件的三管式减振器中，通常难以将阻尼阀元件流体地联接到内缸处，其中所述阻尼阀元件安置在外缸的外侧。为此，DE 10 2005 053 394 A1例如示出围绕内缸的管式接管，阻尼阀元件连接到该管式接管处。DE 10 2017 222 232 A1经由单独的接合套筒实现将减振器联接于内缸，所述接合套筒沿轴向方向向下延长内缸并且所述接合套筒与内缸的管件一起经由底阀相对于外缸张紧。这两个解决方案的前提是：非常精确匹配地制造和随后精确地安装构件。
发明内容
以上述内容为基础，本发明的目的在于：提供一种具有可调节的阻尼阀元件的减振器，其中阻尼阀元件如此联接于内缸，使得不那么窄的制造公差和配合公差是足够的。
所述目的通过一种具有能调节的阻尼力的减振器来实现，减振器包括具有至少一个工作腔的内缸、围绕内缸的外缸和至少一个与内缸处于流体连接的且设置在外缸处的阻尼阀元件，其中，流体连接经由在内环周装入内缸中的接合套筒引导。
在此，术语“在内环周装入内缸中”表示：接合套筒在安装过程期间完全地移入内缸中。因此，根据本发明的减振器与现有技术的解决方案的不同之处在于：根据本发明，内缸在外缸内部的张紧实现在位于上部的活塞杆引导件和底阀之间。接合套筒不参与该张紧链。由此，为了将接合套筒插入内缸中，在接合套筒和内缸之间设置间隙配合就足够了，从而可以降低制造和安装耗费。此外，接合套筒可以在流体连接的区域中如此宽或连续地构成，使得不形成流动方面的收窄并且在运行中不会出现阻尼剂的发泡。
本发明的一个有利的设计方案提出：流体连接经由在内缸的壁部中构成的流通开口引导到阻尼阀元件中。在此，对流通开口没有提出特殊的几何要求，因为经由所述流通开口仅必须确保到阻尼阀的流体连接。在具体的设计方案中能够提出：流体连接经由从接合套筒到阻尼阀元件的、装入流通开口中的连接接管引导。在此，连接接管能够适宜地用于：将接合套筒相对于内缸沿纵向方式保持。这又简化了接合套筒的设计，因为为其无需采取任何特殊措施就可以将其沿纵向方向固定在内缸之内。
本发明的一个有利的设计方案提出：连接接管密封地装入孔中，所述孔构成在接合套筒的环周壁部中。由此，接合套筒和连接接管成为一个单元，在所述单元中将流体连接从内缸引导到阻尼阀中。为了密封流体连接，连接接管经由密封环相对于接合套筒密封。此外，在具体的设计方案中能够提出：接合套筒在其每个轴向端部处经由密封环相对于内缸的内侧面密封。为了在接合套筒和内缸的内侧面之间密封，适当地能够使用符合标准的密封环、也称为O形环。为此，接合套筒可以分别具有环绕的容纳槽，相应的密封环装入所述容纳槽中。
本发明的一个有利的设计方案提出：在接合套筒的环周壁部中构成至少一个另外的孔以装入另一连接接管。由此存在还将另外的构件连接于内缸的工作腔的可行性。
本发明的一个有利的设计方案提出：接合套筒以能沿内缸的纵向方向移动的方式定位在内缸中。这尤其意味着简化了安装过程，因为接合套筒起初不必精确地定位在纵向位置中，而是在安装连接接管之前不久进行最终的纵向定位即可。
因为接合套筒不是进行承载的或结构上受负荷的构件，所以可以将接合套筒构成为塑料构件。
附图说明
下面根据附图以另外的特征、细节和优点来阐述本发明。在此，所述附图仅示出本发明的示例性的实施方式。其中示出
图1示出具有可调节的阻尼力的三管式减振器的原理图，和
图2示出具有阻尼阀元件的根据本发明的联接的减振器的下部区域的细节图。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有可调节的阻尼力的减振器10的截面和原理图。减振器10包括填充有阻尼剂的内缸12，在所述内缸中以轴向可移动的方式引导安置在活塞杆14处的活塞16。活塞16的运动方向可以被定义为减振器10的纵向方向。气缸12的上端部借助活塞杆引导件18封闭，并且气缸12的下端部借助底部20封闭，所述底部能够构成为底阀体。在内缸12中形成工作腔22。活塞将工作腔22分成位于活塞杆侧的工作腔221和远离活塞杆的工作腔222。中间管24围绕内缸12环周设置，使得内缸12和中间管24形成环形腔26。在内缸12的壁部中构成开口32，阻尼剂能够经由所述开口从内缸12溢流到环形腔26中。
内缸12和中间管24共同地由外缸28包裹，使得在外缸28和内缸12或中间管24之间形成另一环形腔30。
减振器10还可以具有两个可分别调节的阻尼阀元件34、36。对于活塞运动中的每一个，阻尼阀元件341、342可以有效地连接到活塞杆侧的工作腔221和远离活塞杆的工作腔222。阻尼阀元件341、342可以保持在外缸28处。阻尼阀元件341用于在减振器10的拉伸阶段中阻尼活塞杆14或活塞16的移出运动，并且阻尼阀元件342用于在减振器10的压缩阶段中阻尼活塞杆14或活塞16的缩回运动。
在活塞杆14或活塞16的移出运动中，阻尼剂从活塞杆侧的工作腔221通过开口32和环形腔26输送到所属的阻尼阀元件341中，并经由阻尼阀元件341的出流侧输送到外部的环形腔30中。在活塞杆14或活塞16缩回移动中，阻尼剂从远离活塞杆的工作腔222直接输送到所属的阻尼阀元件342中，并经由阻尼阀元件342的出流侧输送到外部的环形腔30中。同时，阻尼剂从环形腔30通过活塞16中的溢流孔溢流到活塞杆侧的工作腔221中。阻尼阀元件341、342因此根据其关联或者与活塞杆侧的工作腔221处于流体连接或者与远离活塞杆的工作腔222处于流体连接。
图2示出减振器10的下部区域的细节图，所述减振器具有压缩阶段的阻尼阀元件342到内缸12的根据本发明的联接。为此，从内缸12或远离活塞杆的工作腔222到阻尼阀元件342中的流体连接经由在内环周装入内缸12中的接合套筒38引导。特别地提出：接合套筒38完全引入内缸12中，并且优选地在轴向方向上与底部阀体20解脱。与底阀体20轴向解脱是有利的，这是因为不必为接合套筒38设置明确的轴向安装位置，而是接合套筒38在安装过程期间能够由自身导入最终的轴向位置中。
接合套筒38在两个轴向端部区域处经由相应的、沿环周方向安置在环周槽40中的密封环36相对于内缸12的内环周面密封。
此外，从内缸12到阻尼阀元件342中的流体连接经由在内缸12的壁部中构成的流通开口42引导。在此，在当前示出的设计方案中，将连接接管46装入流通开口42中且装入构成在接合套筒38的环周壁部中的孔44中。连接接管46经由密封环48并且进而相对于接合套筒38密封地装入孔44中。
从减振器10的安装的角度来看，压缩阶段的阻尼阀元件342到内缸12的根据本发明的联接是特别有利的，因为最初不必为将接合套筒38移入内缸12中设置明确的轴向和环周的安装位置。从接合套筒38的安装的角度来看，视作为完全足够的是：接合套筒38最初仅在轴向方向上并且相对于其环周位置预先定位，使得接合套筒中的孔44和内缸12中的流通开口42仅部分地重合。
附图标记列表
10 减振器
12 缸
14 活塞杆
16 活塞
18 活塞杆引导件
20 底部
22 工作腔
24 中间管
26 环形腔
28 气缸
30 环形腔
32 开口
34 阻尼阀元件
36 密封环
38 接合套筒
40 环周槽
42 流通开口
44 孔
46 连接接管
48 密封环

Claims (6)

1.具有能调节的阻尼力的减振器(10)，所述减振器包括
具有至少一个工作腔(22)的内缸(12)，
围绕所述内缸(12)的外缸(28)和
至少一个与所述内缸(12)处于流体连接的且设置在所述外缸(28)处的阻尼阀元件(34)，
以及接合套筒(38)，从所述内缸(12)到所述阻尼阀元件(34)的流体连接经由所述接合套筒(38)引导，所述接合套筒(38)在所述内缸(12)的内环周装入所述内缸(12)，且被完全引入所述内缸(12)中；
所述流体连接经由在所述内缸(12)的壁部中构成的流通开口(42)引导到所述阻尼阀元件(34)中；所述流体连接经由从所述接合套筒(38)到所述阻尼阀元件(34)的、装入所述流通开口(42)中的连接接管(46)引导；所述连接接管(46)密封地装入孔(44)中，所述孔构成在所述接合套筒(38)的环周壁部中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减振器(10)，其特征在于，所述连接接管(46)经由密封环(48)相对于所述接合套筒(38)密封。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的减振器(10)，其特征在于，在所述接合套筒(38)的环周壁部中构成至少一个另外的孔以装入另一连接接管。
4.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的减振器(10)，其特征在于，所述接合套筒(38)在其每个轴向端部处经由密封环(36)相对于所述内缸(12)的内侧面密封。
5.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的减振器(10)，其特征在于，所述接合套筒(38)以能沿所述内缸(12)的纵向方向移动的方式定位在所述内缸中。
6.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的减振器(10)，其特征在于，所述接合套筒(38)构成为塑料构件。
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