CN112442658A - 设置有锌涂层的钢板 - Google Patents

设置有锌涂层的钢板 Download PDF

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CN112442658A
CN112442658A CN202011074028.1A CN202011074028A CN112442658A CN 112442658 A CN112442658 A CN 112442658A CN 202011074028 A CN202011074028 A CN 202011074028A CN 112442658 A CN112442658 A CN 112442658A
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chamber
pressure
steel sheet
coating
zinc
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丹尼尔·沙莱
伊莎贝尔·卡皮塔尼
埃里克·西尔伯贝格
塞尔吉奥·帕切
布鲁诺·施米茨
沙维尔·万登艾恩德
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ArcelorMittal Investigacion y Desarrollo SL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种设置有锌涂层的钢板，所述至少一个锌层通过使用声速蒸气射流的真空沉积涂覆方法制造，其中锌喷射室内的压强P喷射与沉积室内的压强P室之间的比在2×10‑3至5.5×10‑2之间。本发明还涉及相关的制造方法。

Description

设置有锌涂层的钢板
本申请是名为“设置有锌涂层的钢板”、申请号为201380078628.7的中国专利申请的分案申请，专利申请201380078628.7是根据专利合作条约于2013年8月1日提交的国际申请(PCT/IB2013/001681)进入中国国家阶段的国家申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及设置有包括可选地被漆覆盖的锌层的涂层的钢板，所述钢板特别旨在用于汽车部件的制造，但是并不限于该应用。
背景技术
例如，无论是在汽车领域或是在建筑行业中，主要包含锌的镀锌涂层通常用于它们为防腐蚀所提供的有效保护防护。
在下文中，锌涂层是指纯锌的涂层，可能包括生产过程中获得的并且以痕量存在的不可避免的杂质。
以这种方式涂覆的钢的卷材有时可以在存储仓库中保持数月，并且在最终用户使它们成形之前它们的表面一定不改变为表面腐蚀的外观。特别地，无论任何存储环境为何，不会出现早期腐蚀，即使钢暴露于阳光和/或湿润、潮湿或者甚至盐水环境亦是如此。还可以向钢卷材的表面施加保护油层，以在潮湿或湿润的环境中存储时提供临时保护。
最常用于在钢板的表面上沉积锌涂层的方法是镀锌和电镀锌。然而，这些常规方法不能涂覆含有高水平可氧化元素(如Si、Mn、Al、P、Cr或B)的钢种，这导致了新涂覆方法的开发，特别是真空沉积技术(如射流气相沉积(JVD，jetde vapeur sonique)的开发。
然而，这些真空涂层不能提供与常规涂层相同水平的临时保护，即使在施加保护油层之后也是如此。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是通过提供由真空沉积涂覆有锌的、提供良好的防腐蚀临时保护的钢板来消除使用现有技术方法涂覆的钢的缺点。
为了该目的，本发明的第一目的是如权利要求1所述的钢板。
该板还可以具有单独或组合考虑的权利要求2至5的特征。
本发明的另一目的是如权利要求6所述的方法。
该方法还可以具有单独或组合考虑的权利要求7至8的特征。
以下将对本发明的另外特征和优点进行更详细地描述。
附图说明
为了示出本发明，已经进行了测试并且将具体地参照附图通过非限制性实例的方式对测试进行描述，在附图中：
-图1示出了可用于执行本发明所要求保护的方法的射流气相沉积设备；
-图2为根据现有技术涂覆的板的原尺寸照片；
-图3为根据本发明涂覆的板的原尺寸照片。
具体实施方式
根据本发明涂覆的板首先包括钢基板，所述钢基板优选地经热轧然后经冷轧，使得其可以用于汽车车身部件的制造。然而，本发明不限于该领域，并且本发明可以用于任何钢部件，而无论其预期的最终用途为何。
钢基板具体地可以是THR(Très Haute Résistance，非常高强度，通常在450MPa至900MPa之间)钢或UHR(Ultra Haute Résistance，超高强度，通常大于900MPa)钢中的以下钢种中之一，其含有高水平可氧化元素：
-无间隙元素钢(IF，无间隙原子)，其可以含有按重量计高达0.1％的Ti；
-双相钢，例如DP 500钢、直至DP 1200钢，其可以含有按重量计高达3％的Mn连同按重量计高达1％的Si、Cr和/或Al；
-TRIP(相变诱发塑性)钢，例如TRIP 780钢，其含有例如按重量计约1.6％的Mn和按重量计1.5％的Si；
-含磷TRIP钢或含磷双相钢；
-TWIP(孪生诱发塑性)钢，其具有高含量的Mn(通常为按重量计17％至25％)；
-低密度钢，例如Fe-Al钢，其可以含有例如按重量计高达10％的Al；
-不锈钢，其具有高浓度的铬(通常为按重量计13％至35％)连同其他合金元素(Si、Mn、Al等)。
钢板可以以对于最终产品的期望性质适当的方式、除了锌层之外还可选地涂覆有一个或更多个附加层。锌层将优选为涂层的顶层。
在图1中更具体地示出了根据本发明的用于制造钢板的方法，图1示出了包括真空沉积室2的设备1。该室包括入口锁和出口锁(未示出)，待涂覆的钢板3在入口锁与出口锁之间传送。可以通过任何适当的方式(例如其上可以支承带材的旋转支承辊)移动板3。
位于面对待涂覆的带材的表面的是配备有狭缝8的喷射室7，狭缝8的上部位于距待涂覆的带材的表面的距离d处，距离d例如在20mm至60mm之间。该室7被安装在含有待沉积在钢带3的表面上的液体锌9的蒸发坩锅4上。蒸发坩锅4有利地配备有感应加热装置5，感应加热装置5使得可以形成蒸气。然后蒸气经由将蒸气引导至喷射室7和狭缝8的管道10从坩埚逸出，狭缝8优选地被校准为形成朝向待涂覆的基板的表面的射流。狭缝8的存在使得能够沿着狭缝(声速喉道)以恒定声速调节蒸气的质量流量，这具有实现均匀沉积的优点。下面参考了所述技术，使用了缩写“JVD”(射流气相沉积)。有关该技术的另外的信息示出在专利EP07447056中。
在未示出的另一实施方案中，坩埚和喷射室是一个部件并且是同一部件，其包括朝向待涂覆的基板的表面的狭缝。在该实施方案中，通过加热锌产生的蒸气直接朝向狭缝上升并且形成朝向待涂覆的基板的表面的射流。
维持沉积室2中的压强P室和喷射室7中的压强P喷射，使得P室与P喷射的比在2×10-3至5.5×10-2之间。
沉积室2中的压强可选地维持在6×10-2mbar至2×10-1mbar之间的压强处以改善涂层的表面外观。
然后将油层施加到由此涂覆的板的表面以当所述板在交货或转化成最终产品之前被存储在湿润、潮湿和/或盐水环境中时提供临时保护。
板1可以已经经受或可以未经受光整冷轧步骤，然后板1可以被切割并且成形(例如通过冲压、弯曲或成形)，以形成部件，然后可以在所述部件上涂漆以在涂层上形成漆膜。
现在将在以下通过非限制性实例的方式基于所进行的测试对本发明进行说明。
测试
表面腐蚀
所进行的测试也称为“湿度温度(humidotherme)测试”，并且在如DIN ENISO6270-2指定的受控气候室中进行。
临时防腐蚀保护可以在模拟储存或运输期间的板的平板上，或在表示在一个位置处冲压并且运输到另一位置处的金属部件(例如车门)的变形板上进行评估。
对每块待测试的面板脱脂，然后借助由ISO 6270-2指定的油喷雾设备在两面上涂覆适当的油。当对于德国汽车制造商进行测试时使用Fuchs Anticorit RP 4107s、Fuchs3802/395或Zeller PL61以1.2g/m2对面板进行涂油，或者当对于法国汽车制造商进行测试时使用Quaker Ferrocoat N6130以1.2g/m2±0.3g/m2对面板进行涂油。面板保持未组装并且未涂漆。
然后对面板施加一系列的24小时的老化循环，每个循环包括：
-在40℃±3℃并且约100％相对湿度下8小时(气候控制室关闭，包括在加热期间)，然后
-在18℃至28℃之间并且在环境湿度下16小时(气候控制室打开或通风，包括在冷却期间)。
在一系列循环结束时，根据已被改变的表面的百分比来评估面板的表面外观的修改。
对于利用Quaker油处理的样品在10个循环后或对于利用Fuchs油或Zeller油中的一者处理的样品在15个循环之后，表面外观的修改的比例必须小于10％。
测试
对由安赛乐米塔尔销售的类型(DC06型)的四个系列的冷轧IF钢板样品进行制造，其包括7.5μm厚的锌涂层。使用射流气相沉积法对该涂层进行沉积。
对于每个样品，对涂层施加的沉积室中的压强P室与喷射室中的压强P喷射之间的压强比不同。喷射室的狭缝8的上部与待涂覆的带材的表面之间的距离d相等并且等于约35mm，并且喷射室7内的压强为约3.4mbar。然后对如上所述涂覆的样品覆盖保护油，并且然后对样品进行一定数目的循环。
根据所施加的油的类型进行测试10个循环或15个循环，但是如果整个表面劣化，那么在10个循环或15个循环结束之前中断测试。
表1
样品 油的类型
1 Quaker 6130-1.5g/m<sup>2</sup>
2 Fuchs 4107S-1.2g/m<sup>2</sup>
3 Fuchs 3802/39S-1.2g/m<sup>2</sup>
4 Zeller Gmelin-1.2g/m<sup>2</sup>
然后它们经受表面腐蚀测试，其结果示于表2中，沉积室中的压强P室与喷射室中的压强P喷射之间的比为：
表2
Figure BDA0002715383240000051
*根据本发明的
已经发现，根据本发明涂覆的板与未根据本发明涂覆的板相比呈现出更好的表面防腐蚀性。
图2是在2.9×10-5的压强比下涂覆的样品1号在如上所述的6个老化循环之后的原尺寸照片。该图示出板的整个表面在六个循环之后改变11。
图3是如上的但在3.23×10-2的压强比下涂覆的样品1号在如上所述的10个老化循环之后的原尺寸照片。该图示出板的整个表面几乎未改变。
本发明提供以下技术方案：
方案1.一种钢板，所述钢板设置有包括至少一个锌层的涂层，所述涂层通过在真空下利用声速蒸汽射流而沉积的涂覆工艺获得，其中沉积室内的压强P室与锌喷射室内的压强P喷射之间的比在2×10-3至5.5×10-2之间。
方案2.根据方案1所述的钢板，所述钢板通过以下方法来获得：其中所述沉积室的压强P室维持在6×10-2mbar至2×10-1mbar之间。
方案3.根据方案1或2所述的钢板，所述钢板通过以下方法来获得：其中喷射室7的狭缝8的上部与待涂覆的所述钢板之间的距离d在20mm至60mm之间。
方案4.根据方案1至3中任一项所述的钢板，其中所述锌层为所述涂层的顶层。
方案5.根据上述方案中任一项所述的钢板，其中被涂覆的钢是非常高强度的钢。
方案6.一种用于制造涂覆板的方法，所述方法包括通过经由喷射室7的锌的声速蒸气射流来涂覆所述板，所述喷射室7维持在压强P喷射并且被包括在维持在压强P室的沉积室内，所述压强P室与所述压强P喷射之间的比在2×10-3至5.5×10-2之间。
方案7.一种用于制造涂覆板的方法，所述方法包括通过在沉积室内的锌的声速蒸气射流来涂覆所述板，所述沉积室内的压强P室维持在6×10-2mbar至2×10-1mbar之间。
方案8.根据方案7所述的方法，其中喷射室7的狭缝8的上部与待涂覆的钢板之间的距离d在20mm至60mm之间。

Claims (8)

1.一种提供了良好的临时防腐蚀保护的钢板，所述钢板设置有包括至少一个锌层的涂层，所述涂层通过射流气相沉积法获得，在所述射流气相沉积法中，沉积室内的压强P室与锌喷射室内的压强P喷射之间的比在2×10-3至5.5×10-2之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钢板，所述钢板通过以下方法来获得：其中所述沉积室的压强P室维持在6×10-2mbar至2×10-1mbar之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的钢板，所述钢板通过以下方法来获得：其中喷射室7的狭缝8的上部与待涂覆的所述钢板之间的距离d在20mm至60mm之间。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的钢板，其中所述锌层为所述涂层的顶层。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的钢板，其中被涂覆的钢是非常高强度的钢。
6.一种用于制造涂覆板的方法，所述方法包括通过经由喷射室7的锌的声速蒸气射流来涂覆所述板，所述喷射室7维持在压强P喷射并且被包括在维持在压强P室的沉积室内，所述压强P室与所述压强P喷射之间的比在2×10-3至5.5×10-2之间。
7.一种用于制造涂覆板的方法，所述方法包括通过在沉积室内的锌的声速蒸气射流来涂覆所述板，所述沉积室内的压强P室维持在6×10-2mbar至2×10-1mbar之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中喷射室7的狭缝8的上部与待涂覆的钢板之间的距离d在20mm至60mm之间。
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