CN112425333B - Energy-concerving and environment-protective type farmland fertilizer injection unit - Google Patents
Energy-concerving and environment-protective type farmland fertilizer injection unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112425333B CN112425333B CN202011322499.XA CN202011322499A CN112425333B CN 112425333 B CN112425333 B CN 112425333B CN 202011322499 A CN202011322499 A CN 202011322499A CN 112425333 B CN112425333 B CN 112425333B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/12—Fertiliser distributors with movable parts of the receptacle
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
- A01C5/068—Furrow packing devices, e.g. press wheels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device; comprises a box body; a storage box is connected below the box body, one side of the box body is connected with a plurality of second connecting rods, and the second connecting rods are all connected with a fertilizing mechanism; a plurality of connecting columns are connected below the material storage box, and the bottoms of the connecting columns are connected with soil covering mechanisms; one side of the material storage box is connected with a plurality of first connecting rods, and the first connecting rods are provided with compacting mechanisms; the fertilizing mechanism, the earthing mechanism and the compacting mechanism are sequentially arranged; the springs are arranged in the box body to drive the material storage plates to reciprocate, so that the fertilizer is scattered uniformly through the material scattering holes, and the fertilizer scattering uniformity is good; the fertilizer is applied in layers underground through the fertilizer applying mechanism, so that a large amount of fertilizer is prevented from being accumulated, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the fertilizer applying effect is improved; saving labor force, energy saving and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland fertilization, and particularly relates to an energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilization device.
Background
Along with the rapid development of economy, the modern agriculture is rapidly developed, the production equipment is more and more diverse, the guarantee is provided for the agricultural development, when the crops grow to a certain period, the crops need to be fertilized to ensure the healthy development of the crops, the crops are fertilized regularly, the growth of the crops is facilitated, and the grain yield is increased; especially, farmland fertilization and farmland pesticide spraying have the defects that the labor is in shortage nowadays, the human resources are high, the mechanical degree needs to be improved to replace manpower, the production is completed, and the cost is reduced.
The existing fertilizer applying device generally adopts a hole applying method or a disc type applying method, and as for the traditional hole applying equipment, fertilizer is usually directly fed into the ground by a fertilizer applying pipe, and the fertilizer applying method concentrates the fertilizer at the same position for applying fertilizer, so that the fertilizer is gathered, the comprehensive absorption of crops is not facilitated, the fertilizer applying efficiency is low, and the fertilizer applying effect is poor; the traditional disc type spreading device needs to scatter the fertilizer before use, cannot spread the fertilizer when the fertilizer is caked, needs manual auxiliary scattering, and has high labor intensity and low fertilizing efficiency; and the molten fertilizer in the conveying pipeline is not easy to clean, and the cleaning difficulty is high.
Chinese patent application No. 201911150854.7 discloses a fertilizing apparatus, comprising a frame; land wheels are arranged on two sides of the rack; a solid fertilizing device, a liquid fertilizing device, a hole drilling device and a power device are fixed on the rack; the input end of the power device is fixedly connected with a traction shaft of a tractor, and the output shaft of the power device is respectively connected with the solid fertilizer application device and the liquid fertilizer application device so as to drive the solid fertilizer application device and the liquid fertilizer application device to work; the drilling device comprises a soil collecting device and a position adjusting device; the soil collecting device is fixed on one side of the frame adjacent to one side provided with the land wheel through the position adjusting device; the soil collecting device comprises a soil collecting cover with a hollow structure; the soil collecting cover is communicated with the solid fertilizing device; a fertilizer conveying pipe with a cylindrical structure penetrates through the soil collecting cover; the fertilizer conveying pipe is communicated with the liquid fertilizer applying device; and a drill bit is fixed at the bottom of the fertilizer conveying pipe. Above-mentioned technical scheme causes the fertilizer gathering, is unfavorable for the comprehensive absorption of crops, leads to the fertilization inefficiency, and the fertilization effect is poor.
Chinese patent application No. 201921164275.3 has opened a spinach that can evenly fertilize and has planted and use fertilizer injection unit, including frame type base, the top welding of frame has the storage fertilizer case, the axle center department welding of bearing frame has the fertilization pivot, the fertilization pivot is located the surface of fertilization incasement chamber one end and has cup jointed the bucket wheel of fertilizeing in proper order, the surface of axletree is provided with first runner, the front end cover of fertilization pivot has cup jointed the second runner. The utility model discloses a set up mutually supporting of fertilization pivot, fertilization bucket wheel, fertilization pipe, connecting block, axletree, first runner and second runner.
Above-mentioned technical scheme fertilizes through mutually supporting of first runner and second runner, when the fertilizer caking, can't execute and spill, needs the manual work to assist and breaks up, and intensity of labour is big, and fertilization efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device, a spring is arranged in a box body to drive a material storage plate to reciprocate, so that fertilizer is scattered, and meanwhile, the fertilizer is uniformly spread through bulk material holes, so that the fertilizer spreading uniformity is good; the fertilizer is applied in layers underground through the fertilizer applying mechanism, so that a large amount of fertilizer is prevented from being accumulated, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the fertilizer applying effect is improved; saving labor force, saving energy and protecting environment.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
an energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device; comprises a box body; a storage box is connected below the box body, one side of the box body is connected with a plurality of second connecting rods, and the second connecting rods are all connected with a fertilizing mechanism; a plurality of connecting columns are connected below the material storage box, and the bottoms of the connecting columns are connected with soil covering mechanisms; one side of the material storage box is connected with a plurality of first connecting rods, and the first connecting rods are provided with compacting mechanisms; the fertilizing mechanism, the earthing mechanism and the compacting mechanism are sequentially arranged; the top of the box body is provided with a feeding hole, the top of the feeding hole is provided with a movable door, and the movable door can be freely opened and closed on the feeding hole; a guide rod is arranged in the box body, the guide rod is arranged at the center of the bottom of the box body, the other end of the guide rod is connected with a sleeve, and the other end of the guide rod extends into the sleeve and is in sliding connection with the sleeve; the top of the sleeve is provided with a material storage plate, and the material storage plate is arranged in a gap with the inner wall of the box body.
Preferably, a spring is sleeved on the guide rod, one end of the spring is connected with the bottom of the box body, and the other end of the spring is connected with the sleeve; the inner wall of the sleeve is bent inwards at one end of the sleeve close to the guide rod, and a stop block is arranged at the end part of the guide rod in the sleeve to prevent the guide rod from slipping off from the inner part of the sleeve; the outer side wall of the sleeve is provided with a rack which is fixedly connected with the sleeve; one side of the box body, which is close to the rack, is provided with a first motor, the output shafts of the first motor and the first motor are connected with sector gears, and the sector gears are meshed with the rack.
Preferably, the side wall of the box body close to the top is provided with a plurality of material scattering holes, and the material scattering holes are arranged in a single-row structure around the box body.
Preferably, the fertilizing mechanism comprises an outer shell, and the inside of the outer shell is of a hollow structure; the top of the outer shell is provided with a second motor, the second motor is connected with a speed reducer, and the output end of the speed reducer is connected with a cam disc; a connecting rod is eccentrically connected to the cam disc; the other end of the connecting rod is connected with a sliding plate; one side of the shell body is provided with a slide way, the sliding plate is arranged in the slide way, and the sliding plate is in sliding connection with the shell body through the slide way.
Preferably, a discharging pipe is arranged on one side of the second motor, the discharging pipe is arranged at the top of the outer shell, and the discharging pipe is communicated with the bottom of the box body; one side of the outer shell is also connected with a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is provided with a plurality of screw holes and is connected with the second connecting rod through bolts; a plurality of screw single row sets up, carries out altitude mixture control through the screw of difference.
Preferably, the sliding plate is provided with a plurality of scraping plates which are connected to two sides of the sliding plate; the scraping plate is of a plate-shaped structure or a U-shaped structure.
Preferably, the bottom of the sliding plate is provided with a baffle plate; a plurality of discharge ports are formed in one side, away from the sliding plate, of the outer shell, and each discharge port is correspondingly provided with a discharge plate which is arranged in an inclined mode.
Preferably, the soil covering mechanism arranged at the bottom of the connecting column comprises a first disc and a second disc; the first disc and the second disc are both rotationally connected with the connecting column through the rotating shaft; the first disc and the second disc are arranged in an included angle range of 25-60 degrees.
Preferably, the compacting mechanism includes the connecting piece, the top and the head rod of connecting piece are connected, and the lower extreme of connecting piece is connected with the moving part, the moving part is "U" type spare, and the moving part has the mounting through round pin axle swing joint, the mounting below rotates and is connected with the runner.
Preferably, the fixing piece is connected with a fixing rod, and the fixing rod connects the plurality of compacting mechanisms together; the fixed rod is connected with a supporting rod, and the other end of the supporting rod is movably connected with the first connecting rod through a pin shaft.
Preferably, the bottom of box has seted up the through-hole, makes box and storage case intercommunication, is convenient for concentrate the collection in the storage case with the fertilizer that scatters in the box.
Preferably, a draw bar is arranged on one side of the box body and is connected with a towing vehicle through the draw bar for use.
Preferably, the bottom of the box body is provided with a storage battery (not shown in the figure); the storage battery is connected with the first motor and the second motor through leads to provide electric energy for the first motor and the second motor.
Preferably, a plurality of discharge plates are arranged, the discharge plates are sequentially arranged below the discharge port, and the discharge plates are connected with the outer shell; the plurality of discharging plates are gradually lengthened from top to bottom.
Preferably, the storage plate has a cross-section in the shape of a "W".
Preferably, the front end of the fertilizing device is connected with a metal opener.
In addition, when the device is used for fertilizing, the traction rod is connected through the tractor to provide power, the spring is arranged in the box body and sleeved on the guide rod, the upper end of the spring is connected with the sleeve, the sleeve and the guide rod form a telescopic structure, and the outer side wall of the sleeve is connected with the rack; the first motor drives the sector gear to rotate, the sector gear is intermittently meshed with the rack and is connected with the sleeve when rotating, the sleeve compresses the spring when the sector gear drives the rack and the sleeve to move downwards, the sleeve is subjected to restoring force of the spring when the sector gear leaves the rack and moves downwards and upwards, the sleeve further drives the storage plate to bounce upwards, the storage plate generates dispersed impulsive force action on fertilizers stored on the storage plate through the W-shaped arrangement in the process of bouncing upwards, the fertilizers are thrown upwards through the impulsive force action, and the fertilizers are uniformly spread outwards through bulk material holes formed in the peripheral side of the upper part of the box body in the process of throwing; when the fertilizer is used for ground application and topdressing, the uniformity of fertilizer spreading is increased, the phenomenon of fertilizer gathering and spreading is reduced, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the soil is fully absorbed; simultaneously, the storage plate vibrates the fertilizer up and down, and is helpful to break up the caking fertilizer, so that the fertilizer spreading person is not required to break up manually, the fertilizer application efficiency is improved, and the labor force is saved.
In the broadcasting process, the fertilizer is thrown out from the bulk material holes due to the elasticity of the spring, preferably, the spring is a compression spring made of spring steel; the section is circular, the diameter r is 3.2-25.3mm, the pitch d is 7.5-21mm, and the length l is 60-320 mm.
Furthermore, the diameter r and the length L of the spring wire meet the condition that r.L is more than or equal to 360 mm 2 Less than or equal to 6230 mm 2 . When r.L is less than 360 mm 2 When the fertilizer is used, the energy storage provided by the spring is insufficient, and the fertilizer cannot be discharged from the bulk material hole; when r.L is more than 6230 mm 2 When the fertilizer is spread, the spring is hard enough to provide enough elasticity to spread the fertilizer.
Preferably, in order to accurately throw the fertilizer out of the spreading hole, improve the spreading range and uniformity of the fertilizer, and further improve the fertilizer efficiency release rate and utilization rate, the elastic force F of the spring and the diameter r, the pitch d and the length l of the spring satisfy the following relations:
F d＝δ·(l/r)；
wherein, delta is the linear diameter coefficient of the spring, and the value range is 0.269-5.462; f units are N/m.
Further, when the spring force F is too large, the casting angle θ is small, so that the fertilizer cannot be cast from the spreading hole, and when the spring force F is too small, the casting angle θ is too large, so that the fertilizer cannot reach the spreading hole, therefore, in order to ensure the fertilizer spreading efficiency, the fertilizer spreading angle θ, the casting linear distance L and the spring force F satisfy: f = k · tan θ L; k is the elastic system of the spring; l is in mm.
Further, in order to improve the fertilization efficiency and the uniformity of the spread and fertilizer, the spreading angle theta, the casting straight line distance L and the diameter r, the pitch d and the length L of the spring satisfy the following conditions: tan θ L = Φ · (L/r)/d; in the above formula, phi is a relation adjustment coefficient, and the value range is 0.895-5.896.
When the fertilizer applying device is used for applying base fertilizer, the bottom of the box body is provided with a fertilizer taking disc, the fertilizer taking disc is used for feeding the fertilizer into the blanking pipe from the storage box, when the fertilizer falls from the blanking pipe, the second motor is used for driving the cam disc to rotate, the position of the cam disc deviating from the circular shape is rotatably connected with a connecting rod, the lower part of the connecting rod is connected with a sliding plate, the sliding plate is indirectly driven to move up and down in the slide way through the rotation of the cam disc, one side of the sliding plate close to the slide way is connected with a plurality of scraping plates in the sliding process, when the scraping plates move up and down, on one hand, the fertilizer is prevented from being accumulated at the bottom of the blanking pipe, the fertilizer is lifted up through the scraping plates, the fertilizer is discharged from different discharge ports, the fertilizer has the function of layering on the fertilizer, the fertilizer is buried underground in layers, the fertilizer is prevented from being accumulated and scattered in a large amount, and the fertilizer effect cannot be fully exerted, the fertilizer efficiency is not uniform, and the fertilizer efficiency is further improved; on the other hand, when the scraping plate slides up and down, the scraping plate is tightly connected with the inner wall of the discharge pipe to scrape the fertilizer adhered to the inner wall of the discharge pipe, so that the softened fertilizer is prevented from being adhered to the inner wall of the discharge pipe to cause blockage of the discharge pipe, the cleaning degree of the discharge pipe is increased, the number of times of manual scrubbing is reduced, and the fertilizing effect is improved.
After fertilizing mechanism fertilizied, the earthing mechanism that sets gradually through carrying out the contained angle setting with first disc and second disc to rotate through pivot and spliced pole and be connected, through ditching at fertilizer injection unit, later spill into ground with fertilizer through unloading pipe layering after, rotate through first disc and second disc, through the setting of contained angle, stir soil and cover fertilizer, prevent that fertilizer evaporation from becoming invalid.
Furthermore, in order to improve the soil covering effect, an appropriate disc can ensure that the phenomena of soil heaping and resistance increasing are not generated during soil covering, the included angle between the first disc and the second disc of the double-disc soil covering mechanism is alpha, a gathering point is arranged between the two discs, the included angle between the gathering point and the horizontal ground is beta, when the beta is larger, the soil covering distance is wider, the soil covering effect is poor, the fertilization quality is reduced, and when the beta is smaller, soil enters between the discs to cause soil heaping and blocking, so that the normal use is influenced; therefore, in order to improve the fertilization earthing efficiency, the earthing width y of the earthing mechanism satisfies the following formula: y = D · sin β/2 (1-cos α); y is in mm; d is the diameter of the disc in mm; alpha, beta units.
After earthing structure earthing, it is higher after the earthing, soil is more lax, be connected with the moving part through the connecting piece, moving part swing joint has the mount, be equipped with the runner on the mounting, rotation through the runner is suppressed after to the earthing, let soil compaction fertilizer after the suppression, can effectively reduce the evaporation of fertilizer, can effectively reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, help promoting the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, play the soil moisture conservation effect to soil simultaneously, and increase the siphonage of soil, play good retaining, hold fertile effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention relates to an energy-saving environment-friendly farmland fertilizer applying device, which is characterized in that bulk material holes are formed on the peripheral side of the upper part of a box body and are used for uniformly spreading the bulk material outwards; when the fertilizer is used for ground application and topdressing, the uniformity of fertilizer spreading is increased, the phenomenon of fertilizer gathering and spreading is reduced, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the soil is fully absorbed; simultaneously, the storage plate vibrates the fertilizer up and down, and the fertilizer caking is scattered, so that the fertilizer is not needed to be scattered manually, the fertilizer applying efficiency is improved, and the labor force is saved.
(2) The invention relates to an energy-saving environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device, which indirectly drives a sliding plate to move up and down alternately in a slide way through the rotation of a cam disc, one side of the sliding plate, which is close to the slide way, is connected with a plurality of scraping plates in the sliding process, when the scraping plates move up and down, on one hand, fertilizers are prevented from being accumulated at the bottom of a discharging pipe, the fertilizers are lifted up through the scraping plates, and through arranging a plurality of discharging ports, the fertilizers are discharged from different discharging ports to have the layering effect on the fertilizers, the fertilizers are layered and buried underground, so that the problems that the fertilizer effect cannot be fully exerted and the fertilizer effect is not uniform due to the fact that a large amount of fertilizers are accumulated and spread are prevented from being further improved, and the fertilizer application effect is further improved.
(3) According to the energy-saving environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device, when the scraping plate slides up and down, the scraping plate is tightly connected with the inner wall of the discharging pipe to scrape off the fertilizer adhered to the inner wall of the discharging pipe, so that the softened fertilizer is prevented from being adhered to the inner wall of the discharging pipe to cause the blocking of the discharging pipe, the cleaning degree of the discharging pipe is increased, the times of manual scrubbing are reduced, and the fertilizing effect is improved.
(4) According to the energy-saving environment-friendly farmland fertilization device, the first disk and the second disk of the earthing mechanism rotate, and through the arrangement of the included angle, soil is stirred to cover up fertilizers, so that evaporation failure of the fertilizers is prevented.
(5) According to the energy-saving environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device, the rotating wheel rotates to press the soil after covering soil, the soil is compacted into fertilizer after pressing, the evaporation of the fertilizer can be effectively reduced, the evaporation of soil moisture can be effectively reduced, the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, the soil moisture is preserved, the siphonage of the soil is increased, and good water and fertilizer storage effects are achieved.
(6) According to the energy-saving environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device, the spreading mechanism is arranged in the box body and acts together with the fertilizing mechanism arranged below the box body, and the fertilizing device is used for spreading top dressing and base fertilizer, so that fertilizing steps are simplified, and fertilizing efficiency is improved; greatly saving labor.
(7) The invention relates to an energy-saving environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device, which is characterized in that the elasticity of a spring is limited, and the diameter, the pitch and the length of the spring are different; the fertilizer is thrown out from the spreading holes, the spreading range and the uniformity of the fertilizer are improved, and the release rate and the utilization rate of the fertilizer efficiency are further improved.
(8) According to the energy-saving environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device, the fertilizer spreading efficiency is further improved and the uniformity of spreading and fertilizing is further improved by limiting the relation between the fertilizer spreading angle and the casting straight line distance and the diameter, the screw pitch and the length of the spring.
(9) According to the energy-saving environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device, the earthing effect is improved by limiting the relation among the earthing width, the diameter of the disc and the included angle of the disc, and the proper disc is ensured to be capable of ensuring that the phenomena of hilling and resistance increasing are not generated during earthing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the soil covering mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of the press mechanism of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a side view of the ballast mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a first schematic view of the slide plate of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a second schematic view of the slide plate of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a second motor drive mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the fertilizing mechanism of the invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the soil covering mechanism of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a box body; 2. a fertilizing mechanism; 3. a soil covering mechanism; 4. a compacting mechanism; 5. a feed inlet; 6. a guide bar; 7. a spring; 8. a sleeve; 9. a material storage plate; 10. a rack; 11. a sector gear; 12. a first motor; 13. a bulk hole; 14. a material storage box; 15. a first connecting rod; 16. a support bar; 17. fixing the rod; 18. connecting columns; 19. a draw bar; 20. a second connecting rod; 21. a movable door; 201. a second motor; 202. a cam plate; 203. a connecting rod; 204. a feeding pipe; 205. a slideway; 206. a sliding plate; 207. a scraping plate; 208. a baffle plate; 209. a discharge plate; 2010. a speed reducer; 2011. a fixing plate; 31. a first disc; 32. a second disc; 33. a rotating shaft; 41. a connecting member; 42. a movable member; 43. a fixing member; 44. a rotating wheel.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1-2, an energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device; comprises a box body 1; a material storage box 14 is connected below the box body 1, one side of the box body 1 is connected with a plurality of second connecting rods 20, and the plurality of second connecting rods 20 are connected with a fertilizing mechanism 2; a plurality of connecting columns 18 are connected below the material storage box 14, and the bottom parts of the connecting columns 18 are connected with the soil covering mechanism 3; one side of the material storage box 14 is connected with a plurality of first connecting rods 15, and the plurality of first connecting rods 15 are provided with compacting mechanisms 4; the fertilizing mechanism 2, the earthing mechanism 3 and the compacting mechanism 4 are sequentially arranged; a feeding hole 5 is formed in the top of the box body 1, a movable door 21 is arranged on the top of the feeding hole 5, and the movable door 21 can be freely opened and closed on the feeding hole 5; a guide rod 6 is arranged in the box body 1, the guide rod 6 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the box body 1, the other end of the guide rod 6 is connected with a sleeve 8, and the other end of the guide rod 6 extends into the sleeve 8 and is in sliding connection with the sleeve 8; the top of the sleeve 8 is provided with a material storage plate 9, and the material storage plate 9 and the inner wall of the box body 1 are arranged in a clearance mode.
A spring 7 is sleeved on the guide rod 6, one end of the spring 7 is connected with the bottom of the box body 1, and the other end of the spring 7 is connected with a sleeve 8; one end of the sleeve 8, which is close to the guide rod 6, is provided with a stop block, the inner wall of the sleeve is bent inwards, and the end part of the guide rod 6, which is positioned in the sleeve 8, is provided with a stop block to prevent the guide rod 6 from slipping out of the sleeve 8; the outer side wall of the sleeve 8 is provided with a rack 10, and the rack 10 is fixedly connected with the sleeve 8; a first motor 12 is arranged on one side, close to the rack 10, of the box body 1, a sector gear 11 is connected to output shafts of the first motor 12 and the first motor, and the sector gear 11 is meshed with the rack 10.
A plurality of material scattering holes 13 are formed in the side wall, close to the top, of the box body 1, and the material scattering holes 13 are formed around the box body 1 in a single-row structure; the bottom of the box body 1 is provided with a through hole, so that the box body 1 is communicated with the storage box 14, and fertilizers scattered in the box body 1 can be conveniently collected in the storage box 14 in a centralized manner; a traction rod 19 is arranged on one side of the box body 1, and the box body is connected with a towing vehicle through the traction rod 19 for use; a storage battery (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the bottom of the box body 1; the storage battery is connected with the first motor 12 and the second motor 201 through leads to provide electric energy for the first motor and the second motor.
A plurality of discharge plates 209 are arranged, the discharge plates 209 are sequentially arranged below the discharge ports, and the discharge plates 209 are connected with the outer shell; the plurality of discharge plates 209 are gradually lengthened from top to bottom; the section of the material storage plate 9 is W-shaped; the front end of the fertilizing device is connected with a metal furrow opener.
When the device is used for fertilizing, a traction rod 19 is connected through a tractor to provide power, a spring 7 is arranged in a box body 1, the spring 7 is sleeved on a guide rod 6, the upper end of the spring 7 is connected with a sleeve 8, the sleeve 8 and the guide rod 6 form a telescopic structure, and the outer side wall of the sleeve 8 is connected with a rack 10; the first motor 12 drives the sector gear 11 to rotate, the sector gear 11 is intermittently meshed with the rack 10 when rotating, when the sector gear 11 drives the rack 10 and the sleeve 8 to move downwards, the sleeve 8 compresses the spring 7, when the sector gear 11 leaves the rack 10, the sleeve 8 is subjected to restoring force of the spring 7 and moves downwards and upwards, the sleeve 8 further drives the storage plate 9 to bounce upwards, in the process that the storage plate 9 bounces upwards, through the arrangement of the W shape, the storage plate 9 generates scattered impulsive force action on fertilizer stored on the storage plate, the fertilizer is thrown upwards through the impulsive force action, and in the throwing process, the fertilizer is uniformly scattered outwards through the bulk material holes 13 formed in the peripheral side of the upper part of the box body 1; when the fertilizer is used for ground spreading and topdressing, the uniformity of fertilizer spreading is improved, the phenomenon of fertilizer gathering and spreading is reduced, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and soil can be fully absorbed; simultaneously through storage plate 9 when carrying out vibration from top to bottom to fertilizer, help breaing up the fertilizer of caking, need not to scatter the manual scattering of person, promote fertilization efficiency, save the labour simultaneously.
In the broadcasting process, the fertilizer is thrown out from the bulk material hole 13 due to the elasticity of the spring 7, preferably, the spring 7 is a compression spring 7 made of spring 7 steel; the section is circular, the diameter r is 3.2-25.3mm, the pitch d is 7.5-21mm, and the length l is 60-320 mm.
The diameter r and the length L of the spring 7 wire meet the condition that r.L is more than or equal to 360 mm 2 Less than or equal to 6230 mm 2 . When r.L is less than 360 mm 2 In time, the energy storage provided by the spring 7 is insufficient to feed the fertilizer from the bulk material hole 13; when r.L is more than 6230 mm 2 When the fertilizer is spread, the spring 7 is hard enough to provide enough elasticity to spread the fertilizer.
In order to accurately throw the fertilizer out of the spreading holes, improve the spreading range and uniformity of the fertilizer and further improve the fertilizer efficiency release rate and utilization rate, the elastic force F of the spring 7 and the diameter r, the thread pitch d and the length l thereof satisfy the following relations:
F d＝δ·(l/r)；
wherein, delta is the linear diameter coefficient of the spring 7, and the value range is 0.269-5.462; f units are N/m.
When the elastic force F of the spring 7 is too large, the casting angle theta is small, so that the fertilizer cannot be cast from the spreading hole, when the elastic force F of the spring 7 is too small, the casting angle theta is too large, and the fertilizer cannot reach the spreading hole, so that in order to ensure the fertilizer spreading efficiency, the fertilizer spreading angle theta, the casting straight line distance L and the elastic force F of the spring 7 meet the following requirements: f = k · tan θ L; k is the elastic system of the spring 7; l is in mm.
In order to improve the fertilization efficiency and the uniformity of the spread and fertilizer, the spreading angle theta and the casting straight line distance L of the fertilizer and the diameter r, the pitch d and the length L of the spring 7 meet the following requirements: tan θ L = Φ · (L/r)/d; in the above formula, phi is a relation adjustment coefficient, and the value range is 0.895-5.896.
Example two:
on the basis of the first embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, 6-9, the fertilizing mechanism 2 comprises an outer shell, wherein the inside of the outer shell is of a hollow structure; a second motor 201 is arranged at the top of the outer shell, the second motor 201 is connected with a speed reducer 2010, and the output end of the speed reducer 2010 is connected with a cam disc 202; a connecting rod 203 is eccentrically connected to the cam plate 202; the other end of the connecting rod 203 is connected with a sliding plate 206; a slide way 205 is arranged on one side of the outer shell, the sliding plate 206 is arranged in the slide way 205, and the sliding plate 206 is in sliding connection with the outer shell through the slide way 205.
A discharging pipe 204 is arranged on one side of the second motor 201, the discharging pipe 204 is arranged on the top of the outer shell, and the discharging pipe 204 is communicated with the bottom of the box body 1; a fixing plate 2011 is further connected to one side of the outer shell, and the fixing plate 2011 is provided with a plurality of screw holes and connected with the second connecting rod 20 through bolts; the plurality of screw holes are arranged in a single row, and the height of the screw holes is adjusted through different screw holes; a plurality of scraping plates 207 are arranged on the sliding plate 206, and the scraping plates 207 are connected to two sides of the sliding plate 206; the scraping plate 207 is of a plate-shaped structure or a U-shaped structure.
The bottom of the sliding plate 206 is provided with a baffle plate 208; a plurality of discharge ports are formed in one side, away from the sliding plate 206, of the outer shell, each discharge port is correspondingly provided with a discharge plate 209, and the discharge plates 209 are obliquely arranged.
When the fertilizer application device is used for applying base fertilizer, the bottom of the box body 1 is provided with a fertilizer taking disc, the fertilizer taking disc is used for feeding the fertilizer into the blanking pipe 204 from the storage box 14, when the fertilizer falls from the blanking pipe 204, the second motor 201 rotates, the second motor 201 drives the cam disc 202 to rotate, the position of the cam disc 202 deviating from the circle is rotatably connected with the connecting rod 203, the lower part of the connecting rod 203 is connected with the sliding plate 206, the sliding plate 206 is indirectly driven to move up and down in the slide way 205 through the rotation of the cam disc 202, in the sliding process, one side of the sliding plate 206 close to the slide way 205 is connected with a plurality of scraping plates 207, when the scraping plates 207 move up and down, on one hand, the fertilizer is prevented from being accumulated at the bottom of the blanking pipe 204, the fertilizer is lifted up through the scraping plates 207, the fertilizer is discharged from different discharge ports through the arrangement of the plurality of discharge ports, the fertilizer is layered under the ground, the problems that fertilizer efficiency cannot be fully exerted and is not uniform due to the fact that a large amount of fertilizers are accumulated and spread are solved, and the fertilizer application effect is further improved; on the other hand, when the scraping plate 207 slides up and down, the scraping plate 207 is tightly connected with the inner wall of the blanking pipe 204 to scrape off the fertilizer adhered to the inner wall of the blanking pipe 204, so that the softened fertilizer is prevented from being adhered to the inner wall of the blanking pipe 204 to block the blanking pipe 204, the cleaning degree of the blanking pipe 204 is increased, the number of times of manual brushing is reduced, and the fertilizing effect is improved.
After fertilizing mechanism 2 fertilizies, earthing mechanism 3 that sets gradually through carrying out the contained angle setting with first disc 31 and second disc 32 to rotate with spliced pole 18 through pivot 33 and be connected, through ditching at fertilizer injection unit, later spill into ground with fertilizer through unloading pipe 204 layering after, rotate through first disc 31 and second disc 32, through the setting of contained angle, stir soil and cover fertilizer, prevent that fertilizer evaporation from becoming invalid.
Example three:
as shown in fig. 4-5, on the basis of the first embodiment, the compacting mechanism 4 includes a connecting member 41, a top end of the connecting member 41 is connected to the first connecting rod 15, a movable member 42 is connected to a lower end of the connecting member 41, the movable member 42 is a "U" shaped member, the movable member 42 is movably connected to a fixed member 43 through a pin, and a rotating wheel 44 is rotatably connected below the fixed member 43.
The fixing piece 43 is connected with a fixing rod 17, and the fixing rod 17 connects a plurality of compacting mechanisms 4 together; the fixing rod 17 is connected with a supporting rod 16, and the other end of the supporting rod 16 is movably connected with a first connecting rod 15 through a pin shaft.
Example four
As shown in fig. 10, on the basis of the first embodiment, the soil covering mechanism 3 arranged at the bottom of the connecting column 18 comprises a first disk 31 and a second disk 32; the first disk 31 and the second disk 32 are both rotationally connected with the connecting column 18 through a rotating shaft 33; the first disk 31 and the second disk 32 are arranged at an included angle, and the included angle between the first disk 31 and the second disk 32 ranges from 25 degrees to 60 degrees.
In order to improve the soil covering effect, a proper disc can ensure that the phenomena of soil hilling and resistance increasing are not generated during soil covering, the included angle between the first disc 31 and the second disc 32 of the double-disc type soil covering mechanism 3 is alpha, a gathering point is arranged between the two discs, the included angle between the gathering point and the horizontal ground is beta, when the beta is larger, the soil covering distance is wider, the soil covering effect is poor, the fertilization quality is reduced, and when the beta is smaller, soil enters between the discs to cause soil hilling and blocking, so that the normal use is influenced; therefore, in order to improve the fertilization and soil covering efficiency, the soil covering width y of the soil covering mechanism 3 satisfies the following formula: y = D · sin β/2 (1-cos α); y is in mm; d is the diameter of the disc in mm; alpha, beta units.
After earthing structure earthing, higher after the earthing, soil is more lax, be connected with moving part 42 through connecting piece 41, moving part 42 swing joint has the mount, be equipped with runner 44 on the mounting 43, rotation through runner 44 is suppressed after to the earthing, let soil compaction fertilizer after the suppression, can effectively reduce the evaporation of fertilizer, can effectively reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, help promoting the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer, play the soil moisture conservation effect simultaneously to soil, and increase the siphon phenomenon of soil, play good retaining, the fertile effect of fertile.
The device obtained by the technical scheme is an energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device, and is used for uniformly spreading the fertilizer outwards through bulk cargo holes 13 formed on the peripheral side of the upper part of the box body 1; when the fertilizer is used for ground application and topdressing, the uniformity of fertilizer spreading is increased, the phenomenon of fertilizer gathering and spreading is reduced, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the soil is fully absorbed; simultaneously through storage plate 9 when carrying out vibration from top to bottom to fertilizer, help breaing up the fertilizer of caking, need not to scatter the manual scattering of person, promote fertilization efficiency, save the labour simultaneously. The sliding plate 206 is indirectly driven to move up and down in the slideway 205 through the rotation of the cam plate 202, in the sliding process, one side of the sliding plate 206 close to the slideway 205 is connected with a plurality of scraping plates 207, when the scraping plates 207 move up and down, on one hand, fertilizers are prevented from being accumulated at the bottom of the blanking pipe 204, the fertilizers are lifted up through the scraping plates 207, and through arranging a plurality of discharge ports, the fertilizers are discharged from different discharge ports to have the layering effect on the fertilizers, the fertilizers are layered and buried underground, the problems that the fertilizer effect cannot be fully exerted and the fertilizer effect is not uniform due to the fact that a large amount of fertilizers are accumulated and spread are prevented from being further promoted to be the fertilizer application effect; when the scraping plate 207 slides up and down, the scraping plate 207 is tightly connected with the inner wall of the blanking pipe 204 to scrape off the fertilizer adhered to the inner wall of the blanking pipe 204, so that the softened fertilizer is prevented from being adhered to the inner wall of the blanking pipe 204 to block the blanking pipe 204, the cleaning degree of the blanking pipe 204 is increased, the number of times of manual scrubbing is reduced, and the fertilizer application effect is improved; the first disc 31 and the second disc 32 of the earthing mechanism 3 rotate, and through the arrangement of an included angle, soil is stirred to cover up the fertilizer, so that the fertilizer is prevented from being evaporated and losing efficacy; the rotating wheel 44 rotates to press the soil after covering the soil, and the soil is compacted to reduce the evaporation of the fertilizer, reduce the evaporation of the soil moisture, improve the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer, preserve the soil moisture, increase the siphonage of the soil and store the fertilizer well; the spreading mechanism is arranged in the box body 1 and is used for spreading additional fertilizer and base fertilizer under the combined action of the fertilizing mechanism 2 arranged below the box body 1, so that the fertilizing steps are simplified, and the fertilizing efficiency is improved; labor force is greatly saved; by defining the elasticity of the spring 7, and the diameter, the pitch and the length thereof; the fertilizer is thrown out of the spreading holes, the spreading range and the uniformity of the fertilizer are improved, and the release rate and the utilization rate of the fertilizer efficiency are further improved; by limiting the relationship among the fertilizer spreading angle, the cast straight line distance and the diameter, the screw pitch and the length of the spring 7, the fertilizer spreading efficiency and the uniformity of spreading and fertilizing are further improved; through the relation of injecing earthing width, disc diameter, disc contained angle, promote the earthing effect, guarantee that suitable disc can guarantee not produce the phenomenon of hilling and increase resistance when the earthing.
Other technical solutions not described in detail in the present invention are prior art in the field, and are not described herein again.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention; any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device; comprises a box body (1); the fertilizer distributor is characterized in that a material storage box (14) is connected to the lower portion of the box body (1), one side of the box body (1) is connected with a plurality of second connecting rods (20), and the plurality of second connecting rods (20) are connected with a fertilizer applying mechanism (2); a plurality of connecting columns (18) are connected below the material storage box (14), and the bottoms of the connecting columns (18) are connected with soil covering mechanisms (3); one side of the material storage box (14) is connected with a plurality of first connecting rods (15), and the first connecting rods (15) are provided with compacting mechanisms (4); the fertilizing mechanism (2), the earthing mechanism (3) and the compacting mechanism (4) are arranged in sequence; the top of the box body (1) is provided with a feeding hole (5), the top of the feeding hole (5) is provided with a movable door (21), and the movable door (21) can be freely opened and closed on the feeding hole (5); a guide rod (6) is arranged in the box body (1), the guide rod (6) is arranged at the center of the bottom of the box body (1), the other end of the guide rod (6) is connected with a sleeve (8), and the other end of the guide rod (6) extends into the sleeve (8) and is in sliding connection with the sleeve (8); the top of the sleeve (8) is provided with a material storage plate (9), and the material storage plate (9) is arranged in a gap with the inner wall of the box body (1);
a spring (7) is sleeved on the guide rod (6), one end of the spring (7) is connected with the bottom of the box body (1), and the other end of the spring (7) is connected with a sleeve (8); the inner wall of the sleeve (8) is bent inwards at one end close to the guide rod (6), and a stop block is arranged at the end part of the guide rod (6) in the sleeve (8) to prevent the guide rod (6) from slipping out of the sleeve (8); the outer side wall of the sleeve (8) is provided with a rack (10), and the rack (10) is fixedly connected with the sleeve (8); a first motor (12) is arranged on one side, close to the rack (10), of the box body (1), a sector gear (11) is connected to output shafts of the first motor (12) and the first motor, and the sector gear (11) is meshed with the rack (10);
the spring is arranged in the box body and sleeved on the guide rod, the upper end of the spring is connected with the sleeve, the sleeve and the guide rod form a telescopic structure, and the outer side wall of the sleeve is connected with the rack; the first motor drives the sector gear to rotate, the sector gear is meshed with the rack intermittently during rotation, when the sector gear drives the rack and the sleeve to move downwards, the sleeve compresses the spring, when the sector gear leaves the rack, the sleeve is subjected to restoring force of the spring to move downwards and upwards, the sleeve drives the storage plate to bounce upwards, in the process of bouncing upwards of the storage plate, the storage plate generates scattered impulsive force action on fertilizer stored on the storage plate through the W-shaped arrangement, the fertilizer is thrown upwards through the impulsive force action, and in the process of throwing, the fertilizer is uniformly spread outwards through bulk material holes formed in the peripheral side of the upper part of the box body; when the fertilizer is used for ground application and topdressing, the uniformity of fertilizer spreading is increased, the phenomenon of fertilizer gathering and spreading is reduced, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the soil is fully absorbed; meanwhile, the fertilizer storage plate can vibrate the fertilizer up and down, and is helpful for scattering the caked fertilizer, so that a spreader does not need to manually scatter the caked fertilizer, the fertilizer application efficiency is improved, and the labor force is saved; in the broadcasting process, the fertilizer is thrown out from the bulk material holes due to the elasticity of the spring, the spring is a compression spring, and the material is spring steel; the section is circular, the diameter r is 3.2-25.3mm, the pitch d is 7.5-21mm, and the length l is 60-320 mm.
2. The energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilization device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the side wall of the box body (1) near the top is provided with a plurality of material scattering holes (13), and the material scattering holes (13) are arranged around the box body (1) in a single-row structure.
3. The energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizing mechanism (2) comprises an outer shell, the interior of the outer shell is of a hollow structure; a second motor (201) is arranged at the top of the outer shell, the second motor (201) is connected with a speed reducer (2010), and the output end of the speed reducer (2010) is connected with a cam disc (202); a connecting rod (203) is eccentrically connected to the cam plate (202); the other end of the connecting rod (203) is connected with a sliding plate (206); one side of the outer shell is provided with a slide way (205), the sliding plate (206) is arranged in the slide way (205), and the sliding plate (206) is in sliding connection with the outer shell through the slide way (205).
4. An energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that one side of the second motor (201) is provided with a discharging pipe (204), the discharging pipe (204) is arranged at the top of the outer shell, and the discharging pipe (204) is communicated with the bottom of the box body (1); a fixing plate (2011) is further connected to one side of the outer shell, a plurality of screw holes are formed in the fixing plate (2011), and the fixing plate is connected with the second connecting rod (20) through bolts; a plurality of screw single row sets up, carries out altitude mixture control through the screw of difference.
5. The energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the sliding plate (206) is provided with a plurality of scraping plates (207), and the plurality of scraping plates (207) are connected to both sides of the sliding plate (206); the scraping plate (207) is of a plate-shaped structure or a U-shaped structure.
6. The energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the bottom of the sliding plate (206) is provided with a baffle plate (208); a plurality of discharge ports are formed in one side, away from the sliding plate (206), of the outer shell, a discharge plate (209) is correspondingly arranged at each discharge port, and the discharge plates (209) are obliquely arranged.
7. An energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilizing device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the soil covering mechanism (3) arranged at the bottom of the connecting column (18) comprises a first disk (31) and a second disk (32); the first disc (31) and the second disc (32) are both rotationally connected with the connecting column (18) through a rotating shaft (33); the first disc (31) and the second disc (32) are arranged in an included angle, and the included angle between the first disc (31) and the second disc (32) ranges from 25 degrees to 60 degrees.
8. The energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilization device according to claim 1, wherein the compacting mechanism (4) comprises a connecting piece (41), the top end of the connecting piece (41) is connected with the first connecting rod (15), the lower end of the connecting piece (41) is connected with a movable piece (42), the movable piece (42) is a U-shaped piece, the movable piece (42) is movably connected with a fixed piece (43) through a pin shaft, and a rotating wheel (44) is rotatably connected below the fixed piece (43).
9. The energy-saving and environment-friendly farmland fertilization device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fixing member (43) is connected with a fixing rod (17), and the fixing rod (17) connects a plurality of rolling mechanisms (4) together; the fixing rod (17) is connected with a supporting rod (16), and the other end of the supporting rod (16) is movably connected with the first connecting rod (15) through a pin shaft.
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| CN113853904B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-09-06 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Efficient and high-quality fertilization method for honey pomelo orchard in south hilly red soil area |
| CN113906881B (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2023-09-26 | 南京苏美源农业科技有限公司 | Adjustable self-propelled agricultural fertilizer distributor |
| CN114679943B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-07-14 | 江苏汉宇建筑有限公司 | Nutrient soil and fertilizer spreading device for municipal greening |
| CN114868497B (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-08-18 | 盐城工业职业技术学院 | Ditching fertilizer distributor applicable to various environments |
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