CN112424981A - 用于混合动力或电动车辆中的能量分配和/或能量转换的装置 - Google Patents

用于混合动力或电动车辆中的能量分配和/或能量转换的装置 Download PDF

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CN112424981A
CN112424981A CN201980046978.2A CN201980046978A CN112424981A CN 112424981 A CN112424981 A CN 112424981A CN 201980046978 A CN201980046978 A CN 201980046978A CN 112424981 A CN112424981 A CN 112424981A
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housing
battery
electronic
heat
heat carrier
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J·阿克曼
M·布雷姆
H·比朔夫
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Eugene Fushner
Eugen Forschner GmbH
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Eugene Fushner
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于能量分配和/或能量转换的装置(101，102，103)，所述装置以至少一个车辆内部空间(20)和至少一个用于驱动至少一个驱动电动机(50)的电瓶(40)布置在混合动力或电动车辆(10)中。为了改进所述混合动力或电动车辆(10)的整体能量平衡，根据本发明，所述装置(101，102，103)包括壳体(110)，在所述壳体中布置有至少一个电子、电气、机电或电化学装置(121，122，131，132，133，161，162，171，172)，将所述装置的在所述能量分配和/或能量转换中所产生的废热输往热载体流(210)，所述热载体流流过所述壳体(110)，所述壳体在输出侧与所述车辆内部空间(20)和/或所述电瓶(40)连接。

Description

用于混合动力或电动车辆中的能量分配和/或能量转换的 装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于混合动力或电动车辆中的能量分配和/或能量转换的装置。
背景技术
WO 2012/169 764 A2例如揭示过一种用于对电动车辆的车辆内部空间进行空气调温的装置。在这个已知装置中，对电动车辆的不同电空调组件实施热量回收。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种用于混合动力或电动车辆中的能量分配和/或能量转换的装置，借助所述装置大幅改进混合动力或电动车辆的能效。
本发明用以达成上述目的的解决方案为具有权利要求1的特征的装置。本发明的有利技术方案参阅相关从属权利要求。
本发明的装置具有至少一个能量分配和/或防护单元以及至少一个DC/DC转换器，所述单元在业界有时也被称为电源分配单元(PDU)，所述装置的特征在于，其具有至少一个共用的壳体，在所述壳体中布置有至少一个能量分配和/或防护单元以及至少一个DC/DC转换器。有利地，在所述共用壳体中布置有至少另一产生热损耗或废热的电子、电气、机电或电化学装置，特别是其他高压器件。布置在共用壳体中的布置方案使得不同器件能够直接相连，这样就能不在这些器件之间设置迄今为止所需的连接线缆和/或连接插头或者至少减少连接线缆和/或连接插头的数目。共用壳体同样可以以节省空间、重量和成本的方式极为紧凑地放置不同器件。此外，由于放置在屏蔽电磁辐射的共用壳体中，因此，需要单独检查和屏蔽的高压组件更少，并且能够进行共同的散热或冷却，或者能够利用废热来加热其他组件或车辆内部空间。将所有产生热损耗或废热的电子、电气、机电或电化学器件放置在共用壳体中的放置方案将热损耗减小到最小程度，换言之，将能量利用到最大程度。壳体被热载体流流过，该壳体在输出侧与车辆内部空间和/或电瓶连接。壳体优选被热载体流流过，该热载体流在输出侧与车辆内部空间和/或电瓶连接。通过本发明的装置实现混合动力或电动车辆的集中在壳体中的中心热能管理，其中将能量传输和/或能量转换中产生的热损耗输往流过壳体的热载体流。其中，将热损耗尽可能完全输往热载体流的热载体介质，这样就能在另一位置上利用该热损耗。
在本申请中述及“电子器件”时，始终同样包括电气、机电或电化学装置。
特别有利地，在壳体中布置有用于为电瓶充电的装置(OBC＝On Board Charger，车载充电器)和其他电子器件，所述电子器件配设有电子功率设备，从而将输往这些电子器件的能量的绝大部分转换成热损耗或废热。借助本发明，对所有因发热而具有较大的能量损耗的器件而言，可以将这些损耗分量集中地用于车辆内部空间的加热和/或电瓶的预热。优选可以在充电过程期间或在行驶期间将车载充电器的充电器电路用于为加热或冷却元件进行电流馈电。
通过本发明，能够缩小或省去独立的加热器，例如PTC加热器。通过省去附加组件，能够减小重量，结合最佳的电瓶温度，就能延长行驶距离或者缩小电瓶尺寸。
特别优选地，所述其他电子器件具有至少一个PTC加热器和/或至少一个逆变器和/或至少一个空调压缩机控制装置。
根据一种特别优选的实施方式，所述DC/DC转换器构建为具有多绕组变压器的多端口的多向DC/DC转换器，其输入部分具有至少一个与初级线圈连接的电子功率设备器件，且其输出部分具有多个电子功率设备器件，这些电子功率设备器件分别与多个次级线圈中的至少一个连接。其中，电子功率设备器件优选构建为晶体管、MOSFET或具有绝缘栅电极(IGBT)的双极晶体管。通过多绕组变压器，就能针对不同的电子功率设备器件，以极其紧凑的方式由输入电压提供不同的输出电压。
在一种有利技术方案中，本发明的装置具有至少一个用于检测进入壳体的入口温度的温度传感器，以及/或者至少一个用于检测壳体中的内部温度的温度传感器，以及/或者至少一个用于测量从壳体排出的出口温度和/或用于测量车辆内部空间的温度的温度传感器。
特别优选地，所述用于热量回收的装置具有至少一个包括微控制器的控制设备。将前述温度传感的测量值作为输入信号输往这个控制设备，并且控制设备可以根据这个测量值和车辆内部空间中的相应温度要求或者车辆电瓶所报告的工作温度针对性地改变用于为电瓶和/或至少另一电子器件充电的装置的效率，以便视需要在这些组件中针对性地产生更多的废热，随后，可以利用这些废热来进行加热。通过针对性地降低效率，可以将电子组件在某种程度上用作原本并非为此所设置的加热设备，从而不再使用独立的加热设备，或者大幅减小这个加热设备的尺寸。
可选地，电子器件中的至少一个的电子装置可以用于控制另一电子器件的功率和/或用于改变其效率。这样就能在某些情况下不在本发明的装置中设置微控制器，因为已存在的某些组件的智能控制装置能够轻松控制其他组件。
热载体流较佳将空气用作热载体，但同样可以替代地应用冷却水或这两者的组合。其中，可以如此地导引热载体流，从而依次吸收电子器件的废热，或替代地至少部分地并行地吸收。特别有利地，废热温度较低的组件布置在废热温度较高的组件之前，从而在热载体流中形成优选温度持续升高的级联。
根据一种有利改进方案，所述热载体流可以借助至少一个输送装置，例如风扇或泵来影响，所述输送装置同样优选至少以其驱动电动机布置在共用壳体中。结合对各电子器件的功率控制和针对性的效率改变，可以通过改变输送装置的输送功率实现输入车辆内部空间或输往车辆电瓶的可以特别精细定量的热输入。
该共用的壳体优选至少局部地具有隔热的壁部。可以在壳体的布置有发热量大的器件的区域内中断壁部的隔热，甚至可以在该臂部的外侧在壳体上设有附加的冷却片。
有利地，从所述装置排出的热载体流可以借助可控的转接器分配，以使得车辆内部空间和/或电瓶升温。其中，优选可以视外部温度和电瓶的充电状态来在控制设备中设定电瓶升温(或冷却)的优先级或者车辆内部空间的升温或冷却的优先级。
可选地，同样可以设有两个分开的本发明的装置，其中一个用于使得车辆内部空间升温，另一个用于使得电瓶升温。
因此，在前文结合本发明的装置述及车辆内部空间或电瓶的升温或加热时，同样包括冷却。
本发明同样涉及本发明的装置在混合动力或电动车辆中的一种有利的应用。
附图说明
下面参照图式对本发明的装置的实施例进行详细说明。其中：
图1为混合动力或电动车辆的示意图，具有车辆内部空间、电瓶、驱动器和两个本发明的装置，
图2为本发明的装置的第一方案，其中微控制器视需要对PTC加热器进行控制，
图3为本发明的装置的第二方案，其中微控制器通过控制管线对电子功率器件进行针对性的影响以增大或减小功率器件的散热，
图4为本发明的装置的第三方案，其中作为第二方案的补充，车载充电器的电子控制装置同样对PTC加热器进行控制，
图5为本发明的装置的第四方案，其中DC/DC转换器由多端口的多向DC/DC转换器形成，以及
图6为图5中的多端口的多向DC/DC转换器的示意性详图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出混合动力或电动车辆10，其具有车辆内部空间20，并且可以借助由电瓶40供电的驱动电动机50运动。在混合动力或电动车辆10中同样绘示有两个本发明的装置101，其中图2至4示出多个实施方式101、102、103的细节。通常仅存在这些本发明装置中的一个。
本发明的装置101被热载体流210流过，该热载体流优选将空气用作热载体。但作为替代或补充方案，同样可以应用冷却液。如图1所示，可以借助该处作为风扇30示出的输送装置来改变热载体流210每单位时间的流量。可选地，设有用于将热载体流210分成可变分量的转接器220，其中将第一分量输往车辆内部空间20，将第二分量输往电瓶40。
本发明的装置101具有一个共用壳体110，其配设有优选隔热的壁部112，且该壳体中含有电动车辆10的所有具有电子功率设备的组件。其特别是为车载充电器(OBC)131，以及/或者同样被称为电源分配单元(PDU)的能量分配和/或防护单元121，以及/或者DC/DC转换器161，以及/或者可选地代表其他电子组件的用“etc.(等等)”标记的器件171，其例如可以由空调压缩机的电子控制装置形成。
在壳体110中还布置有具有微控制器的控制设备140和至少一个PTC加热器150。控制设备140根据车辆内部空间20和/或电瓶40的需热量对PTC加热器150的功率进行控制。其中，如果这些功率器件之前通过热载体流210从电子功率器件121、131、161和171吸收的废热仍不足，那么PTC加热器150仅需提供热能差。同样可以视需要将PTC加热器150用作PTC冷却器150，以便通过冷却将器件保持在其最佳操作范围。壳体110的壁部112可以至少在分区内构建为具备良好的散热性以进行散热，且特别是在外侧上具有仅在图4中例示性地示出的附加的冷却片114。
将用于进入壳体110的入口温度θ1的温度传感器180的温度信号、用于PTC加热器150前的壳体110内部温度θ2的温度传感器190的温度信号、可选地用于从壳体110排出的出口温度θ3的温度传感器200的温度信号输往控制设备140，使得控制设备140可以根据车辆内部空间20和/或电瓶40的温度要求对PTC加热器150的功率进行控制，以便在热载体流从壳体110排出前在热载体流210中产生还需要的热能差。
在本发明的装置101的图2所示实施方式中，热载体流210收集壳体110内所有电子功率设备器件121、131、161、171的废热，且控制设备140对PTC加热器150进行控制，以提供从壳体110排出前还需要的热能差。
在本发明的装置102的图3所示实施方式中，控制设备140的微控制器通过具有PDU122的控制管线142、通过具有OBC 132的控制管线143、通过具有DC/DC转换器162的控制管线146以及通过控制管线147与其他电子器件172连接。在此情形下，控制设备140可以对前述电子器件122、132、162和172的效率η施加影响，从而针对性地控制其热能输出。因此，除了已由图2所示第一实施方式已知的对PTC加热器150的控制外，控制装置140在此还可以通过降低效率η来在某种程度上将布置在壳体110中的所有其他电子功率设备器件122、132、162和172用作其他加热设备。
在图4所示第三实施方式中，作为对图3所示第二实施方式的补充，在本发明的装置103中，OBC 133中的用于对电动车辆10的电瓶40进行充电管理的电子控制装置同样通过控制管线135来控制PTC加热器153。这样在其他电子功率器件的控制被电子功率器件的已经存在的控制装置，例如前述示例中的OBC 133承担的情况下，可以减少控制装置140的工作，甚至完全不设置该控制装置。
根据图5和6所示实施方式，DC/DC转换器构建为具有多绕组变压器1633的多端口的多向DC/DC转换器163，其输入部分1631具有至少一个与初级线圈S1634连接的电子功率设备器件1634，且其输出部分1632具有多个电子功率设备器件1635、1636(双向)或1637(单向)，这些电子功率设备器件分别与两个或两个以上的次级线圈S1635、S1636或S1637中的至少一个连接。其中，电子功率设备器件1634、1635、1636或1637优选构建为晶体管、MOSFET或具有绝缘栅电极(IGBT)的双极晶体管。通过多绕组变压器1633，就能以极其紧凑的方式借助不同的次级线圈S1635、S1636或S1637，针对优选不同的电子功率设备器件1635、1636或1637，由初级线圈S1634上的输入电压提供不同的输出电压。当然，对本领域技术人员而言，图6中的实施例示出的三个电子功率设备器件1635、1636或1637的数目仅作为示例，并且不对本发明构成限制。
附图标记表
10 混合动力或电动车辆
20 车辆内部空间
30 输送装置(风扇)
40 电瓶
50 驱动电动机
101 装置
102 装置
103 装置
110 壳体
112 壁部
114 冷却片
121，122 能量分配和/或防护单元(PDU)
131 为40充电的装置[车载充电器(OBC)]
132 为40充电的装置[车载充电器(OBC)]
133 为40充电的装置[车载充电器(OBC)]
135 (从133至153的)控制管线
140 控制设备
142 (从140至122的)控制管线
143 (从140至132或133的)控制管线
146 (从140至162的)控制管线
147 (从140至172的)控制管线
150，153 PTC加热器
161，162 DC/DC转换器
163 (多端口的多向)DC/DC转换器
1631 (163的)输入部分
1632 (163的)输出部分
1633 多绕组变压器
1634 电子功率设备器件
S1634 (1634的)(初级)线圈
1635 电子功率设备器件(双向)
S1635 (1635的)线圈
1636 电子功率设备器件(双向)
S1636 (1636的)线圈
1637 电子功率设备器件(单向)
S1637 (1637的)线圈
171，172 (其他电子)器件
180 温度传感器(110中的入口温度θ1)
190 温度传感器(内部温度θ2)
200 温度传感器(出口温度θ3)
210 热载体流
220 (210中的)转接器

Claims (15)

1.一种用于能量分配和/或能量转换的装置(101，102，103)，所述装置以至少一个车辆内部空间(20)和至少一个用于驱动至少一个驱动电动机(50)的电瓶(40)布置在混合动力或电动车辆(10)中，其特征在于，所述装置(101，102，103)包括一个共用的壳体(110)，在所述壳体中布置有至少一个电子、电气、机电或电化学装置(121，122，131，132，133，161，162，171，172)，将所述装置的在所述能量分配和/或能量转换中所产生的废热输往热载体流(210)，所述热载体流流过所述壳体(110)，所述壳体在输出侧与所述车辆内部空间(20)和/或所述电瓶(40)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述壳体(110)中布置有用于为所述电瓶(40)充电的装置(131，132，133)、至少一个DC/DC转换器(161；162)、至少一个能量分配和/或防护单元(121；122)以及其他电子器件(171；172)，所述器件将朝其输送的能量的至少一部分转换成热量。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述其他电子器件包括至少一个PTC加热器(150；153)和/或至少一个逆变器(171；172)和/或至少一个空调压缩机控制装置(171；172)。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置(101，102，103)具有至少一个用于检测进入所述壳体(110)的入口温度(θ1)的温度传感器(180)，以及/或者至少一个用于检测所述壳体(110)中的内部温度(θ2)的温度传感器(190)，以及/或者至少一个用于测量从所述壳体(110)排出的热流的出口温度(θ3)和/或用于测量所述车辆内部空间(20)的温度的温度传感器(200)。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置(101，102，103)具有至少一个包括微控制器(μC)的控制设备(140)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，将所述温度传感器(180；190；200)的测量值作为输入信号输往所述控制设备(140)。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述控制设备(140)与用于为所述电瓶(40)充电的装置(131，132，133)和/或与至少一个电子器件(121，122；131，132，133；161，162；171，172)连接以控制其功率和/或改变其效率(η)。
8.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述热载体流(210)将空气和/或冷却液用作热载体。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述热载体流(210)可以借助至少一个输送装置(30)来影响。
10.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，从所述装置(101，102，103)排出的热载体流(210)可以借助可控的转接器(220)分配，以使得所述车辆内部空间(20)和/或所述电瓶(40)升温。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述共用的壳体具有至少一个具有隔热特性的壁部(112)。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述壁部(112)具有散热区域(114)。
13.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述DC/DC转换器构建为具有多绕组变压器(1633)的多端口的多向DC/DC转换器(163)，其输入部分(1631)具有至少一个与初级线圈(S1634)连接的电子功率设备器件(1634)，且其输出部分(1632)具有多个电子功率设备器件(1635，1636，1637)，所述电子功率设备器件分别与多个次级线圈(S1635，S1636，S1637)中的至少一个连接。
14.根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述电子功率设备器件(1634，1635，1636，1637)由晶体管或MOSFET或具有绝缘栅电极(IGBT)的双极晶体管形成。
15.一种根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的装置(101，102，103)在混合动力或电动车辆(10)中的应用。
CN201980046978.2A 2018-06-20 2019-06-19 用于混合动力或电动车辆中的能量分配和/或能量转换的装置 Pending CN112424981A (zh)

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PCT/EP2019/066310 WO2019243482A1 (de) 2018-06-20 2019-06-19 Vorrichtung zur energieverteilung und/oder energieumwandlung in einem hybrid- oder elektrofahrzeug

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