CN112401166A - 一种海参膏及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种海参膏的制备方法，包括浸泡、清洗、破碎、首次酶解、二次酶解、勾兑、灌装杀菌、冷却后即得海参膏；本发明分别采用胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶，对海参进行二次水解，操作简单，安全可靠，蛋白提取效率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域，具体涉及一种海参膏及其制备方法。
背景技术
现代科学研究证明，海参营养价值很高，每百克中含蛋白质15克，脂肪1克、碳水化合物0.4克，钙357毫克、磷12毫克，铁2.4毫克，以及维生素B1、B2、尼克酸等50多种对人体生理活动有益的营养成分，其中蛋白质含量高达55％以上，18种氨基酸牛磺酸、硫酸软骨素、刺参粘多糖多种成分，是合成人体胶原蛋白的主要原料。
另外，海参因含胆固醇极低，为一种典型的高蛋白、低脂肪、低胆固醇的食物。又因肉质细嫩，易于消化，所以非常适合老年人与儿童，以及体质虚弱者食用。海参中的牛磺酸、尼克酸等，具有调节神经系统、快速消除疲劳，预防皮肤老化的功效，而海参中含有的牛磺酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸等在植物性食品中几乎没有，刺参中含有的硫酸软骨素和刺参粘多糖，通过药理实验证明，对人体的生长发育、抗炎成骨和预防组织老化，促进伤口愈合抑制数种癌细胞都有特殊功效。
海参食用时多需要水发和蒸煮，食用不方便，单独食用海参，营养单一，不能补充每日所需的所有营养，可制成海参膏，方便用户使用和携带，海参膏的制作，需要对海参进行水解，将其当中的蛋白质提取出来，目前常规的操作是酸水解，但其水解温度较高，且水解不充分，蛋白提取效率差。
发明内容
为解决以上技术问题，本发明提出一种海参膏的制备方法，分别采用胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶，对海参进行二次水解，操作简单，安全可靠，蛋白提取效率高。
本发明所提出的技术方案如下：
一种海参膏的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将干海参在水中浸泡15～20小时，每隔1～2小时换一次水，浸泡用水量为海参重量的11～13倍；
(2)将上述浸泡后的海参剖开，去除残存的内脏及泥沙，再用流动的清水进行冲洗，洗净后切碎；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的海参加入pH1.5～3.5的缓冲液中，加入胃蛋白酶，50℃下酶解4～10h，酶解结束后，75～85℃灭酶10～15min，离心去上清液；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的上清液，调节溶液pH至6～7，加入胰蛋白酶，50℃下酶解4h，酶解结束后，75～85℃灭酶10～15min，离心取上清液；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的上清液与葡萄糖浆、白砂糖、蜂蜜、琼脂进行混合勾兑后，浓缩成为膏液，罐装封口后，置于100～140℃高压杀菌锅中，保温杀菌10～30min，冷却后即得海参膏。
优选地，步骤(2)中，缓冲液的pH值为2.5；步骤(3)中，溶液的pH值为6.5。
优选地，干海参为沙虫参或赤条参。
优选地，所述海参为沙虫参，沙虫参与缓冲液的料液比为1：(2～3)。
优选地，所述海参为赤条参，赤条参与缓冲液的料液比为1：(1～2)。
优选地，步骤(3)中，胃蛋白酶的加入量为0.5～4％。
更优选地，步骤(3)中，胃蛋白酶的加入量为2％。
优选地，步骤(4)中，胰蛋白酶的加入量为2～3％。
更优选地，步骤(4)中，胰蛋白酶的加入量为2％。
本发明还公开了一种海参膏，由上述制备方法所得。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下技术优势：
(1)本发明通过原料的复合搭配增加了海参的适口，不加任何添加剂，原色原味，是真正的纯绿色天然补品，对白血病、糖尿病、哮喘、阳痿肾虚、肿瘤以及前列腺等病症有辅助治疗作用，并能滋补美容，补肾助阳，祛风除湿，强筋健骨、阴阳双补，增强人体的免疫力，是一款强身健体男女皆宜的美食。
(2)本发明选用不同的蛋白酶，对海参进行二次水解，酶解效率高，蛋白提取效率高。整个酶解过程简单，利于大规模生产需要。
具体实施方式
现结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明公开了一种海参膏的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)将赤条参在水中浸泡15小时，每隔1小时换一次水，浸泡用水量为赤条参重量的11倍；
(2)将上述浸泡后的赤条参剖开，去除残存的内脏及泥沙，再用流动的清水进行冲洗，洗净后切碎；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的赤条参按料液比1:1加入pH2.5的缓冲液中，加入2％的胃蛋白酶，50℃下酶解6h，酶解结束后，80℃灭酶10min，10000r/min离心10min得上清液；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的上清液，调节溶液pH至6.5，加入2％的胰蛋白酶，50℃下酶解4h，酶解结束后，80℃灭酶10min，10000r/min离心10min得水解液；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的上清液与葡萄糖浆、白砂糖、蜂蜜、琼脂进行混合勾兑后，浓缩成为膏液，罐装封口后，置于100℃高压杀菌锅中，保温杀菌30min，冷却后即得海参膏。
实施例2
本发明公开了一种海参膏的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)将沙虫参在水中浸泡20小时，每隔2小时换一次水，浸泡用水量为沙虫参重量的13倍；
(2)将上述浸泡后的沙虫参剖开，去除残存的内脏及泥沙，再用流动的清水进行冲洗，洗净后切碎；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的沙虫参按料液比1:2加入pH2.5的缓冲液中，加入2％的胃蛋白酶，50℃下酶解8h，酶解结束后，80℃灭酶10min，10000r/min离心10min得上清液；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的上清液，调节溶液pH至6.5，加入2％的胰蛋白酶，50℃下酶解4h，酶解结束后，80℃灭酶10min，10000r/min离心10min得水解液；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的上清液与葡萄糖浆、白砂糖、蜂蜜、琼脂进行混合勾兑后，浓缩成为膏液，罐装封口后，置于120℃高压杀菌锅中，保温杀菌20min，冷却后即得海参膏。
对比例1
一种采用醋酸水解赤条参的办法，具体操作方法为：取干的赤条参在水中浸泡24h，浸泡后的赤条参剖开，去除残存的内脏及泥沙，再用流动的清水进行冲洗，洗净后切碎加水50倍，食用醋酸4倍，100℃提取5h，过滤，即得海参水解液。
对比例2
一种采用醋酸水解沙虫参的办法，具体操作方法为：取干的沙虫参在水中浸泡24h，浸泡后的沙虫参剖开，去除残存的内脏及泥沙，再用流动的清水进行冲洗，洗净后切碎加水50倍，食用醋酸4倍，100℃提取5h，过滤，即得海参水解液。
性能测定
分别对实施例1～2以及对比例1～2得到的水解液进行氨氮含量以及蛋白质提取率进行测定，具体测定方法如下；
一、水解液氨氮含量测定
取10mL水解液，置于200mL烧杯中，加入70mL水，磁力搅拌，调节pH至8.2，再加入10mL甲醛溶液，混匀。以氢氧化钠标准溶液[c(NaOH)＝0.05mol/L]滴定至酸度计指示pH＝9.2，氢氧化钠消耗量可间接反应海参水解程度。
二、蛋白质提取率的测定
按照GB 5009.5中的方法测定干海参、酸解液、酶解液中的蛋白含量，依以下公式计算蛋白提取率。
蛋白质提取率％＝(水解液中蛋白含量×水解液体积)/(干海参质量×干海参蛋白含量)×100％
具体测定结果见表1；
表1
由表1可知，酶解法所用提取液的体积小于酸解法，并且无论是使用沙虫参还是赤条参为原料，酶解法的蛋白提取率均显著高于酸解法。
Claims (10)
1.一种海参膏的制备方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
(1)将干海参在水中浸泡15～20小时，每隔1～2小时换一次水，浸泡用水量为海参重量的11～13倍；
(2)将上述浸泡后的海参剖开，去除残存的内脏及泥沙，再用流动的清水进行冲洗，洗净后切碎；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的海参加入pH1.5～3.5的缓冲液中，加入胃蛋白酶，50℃下酶解4～10h，酶解结束后，75～85℃灭酶10～15min，离心去上清液；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的上清液，调节溶液pH至6～7，加入胰蛋白酶，50℃下酶解4h，酶解结束后，75～85℃灭酶10～15min，离心取上清液；
(5)将步骤(4)得到的上清液与葡萄糖浆、白砂糖、蜂蜜、琼脂进行混合勾兑后，浓缩成为膏液，罐装封口后，置于100～140℃高压杀菌锅中，保温杀菌10～30min，冷却后即得海参膏。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种海参膏的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)中，缓冲液的pH值为2.5；步骤(3)中，溶液的pH值为6.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种海参膏的制备方法，其特征在于：干海参为沙虫参或赤条参。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种海参膏的制备方法，其特征在于：所述海参为沙虫参，沙虫参与缓冲液的料液比为1：(2～3)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种海参膏的制备方法，其特征在于：所述海参为赤条参，赤条参与缓冲液的料液比为1：(1～2)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种海参膏的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中，胃蛋白酶的加入量为0.5～4％。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种海参膏的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)中，胃蛋白酶的加入量为2％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种海参膏的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中，胰蛋白酶的加入量为2～3％。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种海参膏的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中，胰蛋白酶的加入量为2％。
10.一种海参膏，由权利要求1-9任一项的制备方法所得。
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