CN112400647B - Cultivation method of tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla - Google Patents
Cultivation method of tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla Download PDFInfo
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of a tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla, which comprises the following steps: (1) the method has the advantages that the production efficiency of the tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla cultivated by the method is high, the cultivation technology is simple and convenient, large-scale production can be carried out, the supply of finished flowers is greatly increased, the market demand is met, the industrial structure of the hydrangea macrophylla is optimized, and the product profit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method of a tree-shaped big hydrangea, belonging to the technical field of flower cultivation.
Background
The hydrangea macrophylla is a plant of hydrangea of Saxifragaceae, and belongs to warm-warm and semi-cold-resistant deciduous shrubs. Because of large inflorescence, rich flower color, long flower viewing period and dark green leaf color, the flower bud-flower pot is widely applied to pot culture, cut flowers and landscaping. The tree-shaped big embroidered ball is pursued in the market due to the unique lollipop shape, compact plant type and huge flower amount. The conventional cultivation method of tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla comprises the steps of selecting 1 strong and upright branch from 1 plant hydrangea macrophylla, and cutting off other branches. Then the remaining branches are subjected to operations of pinching, pruning and the like, so that the branches gradually grow into tree-shaped models in the shape of single-stem or spherical crowns. The method has low production efficiency, wastes a large amount of branches, causes limited supply of finished flowers and cannot meet the market demand. The development of a simple, convenient and efficient cultivation method of the tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla capable of realizing large-scale production is the key for optimizing the industry structure of the hydrangea macrophylla and improving the profit of products.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a cultivation method of a tree-shaped big hydrangea, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of the trunk
Planting hydrangea macrophylla cutting seedlings in spring or autumn, pinching when the seedlings grow to 10 +/-2 cm, pinching again when the seedlings grow to 15 +/-2 cm, cultivating 6-9 branches per plant, and shading by a shading net from the middle ten days of 5 months to the middle ten days of 9 months. When the length of the branch reaches 40cm, a small tree-shaped big embroidered ball can be manufactured, and when the length of the branch exceeds 40cm, the branch is fixed by a fixture to promote the vertical growth of the branch, so that a larger plant-shaped tree-shaped big embroidered ball is manufactured;
(2) high pressure propagation
High-pressure propagation is carried out in the season that the lowest temperature is not lower than 10 ℃, branches with proper lengths are selected according to the plant types of finished flowers, the semi-lignified parts are cut into wounds reaching the xylem in depth by blades, the wounds are wrapped by flower mud soaked with bactericide and rooting agent solution, the flower mud is wrapped by a spherical propagation box filled with rooting matrix, 10ml of bactericide and rooting agent solution is added into the matrix every 5 days, and after high-pressure propagation is carried out for 30 +/-5 days, the flowers are cut and planted;
(3) planting
Planting a selected 1-gallon flowerpot with the trunk height not exceeding 40cm, planting a selected 2-gallon flowerpot with the trunk height between 40 and 60cm, and planting a selected 3-gallon flowerpot with the trunk height reaching or exceeding 60 cm; leaving 4 leaves and 4 leaf buds at the top of the trunk after 30 +/-5 days of field planting, wiping off other leaves and leaf buds, and performing multiple pinching according to the specification of finished flowers and the expected flower number, wherein the pinching of the variety in 'endless summer' is finished before the bottom of 10 months, and the pinching of other varieties is finished before the bottom of 7 months;
(4) pruning and flowering
Cutting off weak branches after leaf falling in winter, reserving 6-10 branches, applying slow release fertilizer in the culture medium to control the length of the branches after sprouting in spring, and spreading flaky aluminum sulfate on the surface of the culture medium to perform flower color bluish after sprouting in spring.
Further, the field with sufficient soil fertility, wide terrain and good drainage is selected in the step (1) to plant the hydrangea macrophylla cutting seedlings, 1-2 tons of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to each mu before planting, rotary tillage is deeply turned, the depth of a rotary tillage layer reaches 30cm until the soil is loose, the ground is flat, and large particles and impurities are removed.
Further, when furrows are made on the planting plots in the step (1), the width of the furrow surface is 90cm, the width of the furrow is 60cm, the height of the furrow surface is 20-40cm, and the row spacing of the planting plants for planting the hydrangea macrophylla cutting seedlings is 30 multiplied by 30 cm.
Further, in the step (2), 1 circle of wound is scratched by a blade at a semi-lignified part, 2 circles of wound are scratched 2mm below the 1 st circle of wound, and the like, 5-7 circles of wound are scratched in total, a plurality of vertical wounds are scratched between the uppermost wound and the lowermost wound, the vertical wounds are spaced by 2-3mm, and finally, a grid-shaped wound is formed.
Further, in the step (2), the bactericide and rooting agent solution is formed by mixing 300mg/L hymexazol, 17mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 17mg/L indolebutyric acid, the matrix supplementing bactericide and rooting agent solution is formed by mixing 300mg/L hymexazol, 10mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 10mg/L indolebutyric acid, the rooting matrix is formed by mixing coconut chaff and perlite according to the ratio of 1:1, and the spherical propagation box is a black spherical propagation box with the diameter of 5 cm.
Further, the culture medium in the step (3) is prepared from peat, coconut coir, wood fiber and coconut husk according to the ratio of 1: 1: 1:1 in a volume ratio.
Further, 2kg of slow release fertilizer is added into each cubic meter of the culture substrate in the step (3).
Further, in the step (4), the 1 gallon flowerpot, the 2 gallon flowerpot and the 3 gallon flowerpot are respectively applied with 10, 15 and 25 g/pot of slow release fertilizer, and 1000mg/L of mepiquat chloride solution is sprayed every 10-20 days to control the length of branches.
Further, in the step (4), the 1 gallon flowerpot, the 2 gallon flowerpot and the 3 gallon flowerpot are respectively applied with 15, 25 and 35 g/pot of flaky aluminum sulfate for color bluing.
Has the advantages that: the tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla cultivated by the method has high production efficiency and simple and convenient cultivation technology, greatly increases the supply of finished flowers, can be produced in large scale, meets the market demand, optimizes the industry structure of the hydrangea macrophylla and improves the product profit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of a tree-shaped big hydrangea cultivated by the method of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a culture picture of the main stem of the tree-like hydrangea macrophylla in step 1 of the present invention,
FIG. 3 is a drawing of the trunk of the tree-like big hydrangea high pressure propagation box in step 2 of the present invention,
FIG. 4 is a figure showing the root growth of the tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla in step 2 of the present invention,
FIG. 5 is a figure showing the shape of the root system of the tree-like hydrangea macrophylla growing over the entire propagation box in step 2 of the present invention,
FIG. 6 is the picture of the tree-like hydrangea macrophylla after permanent planting in step 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, which are to be understood as illustrative only and not as limiting the scope of the invention, which is to be given the full breadth of the appended claims and any and all equivalent modifications thereof which may occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present specification.
The invention relates to a cultivation method of a tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivation of the trunk
Selecting a land with sufficient soil fertility, wide and unobstructed topography and good drainage to plant hydrangea macrophylla cutting seedlings, applying 1-2 tons of commercial organic fertilizer to each mu before planting, carrying out rotary tillage and deep turning, wherein the depth of a rotary tillage layer reaches 30cm until the soil is loose, the ground is flat, removing large particles and sundries, when furrows are made on the planting land, the width of the furrow surface is 90cm, the width of a ditch is 60cm, the height of the furrow surface is 20-40cm, the planting row spacing for planting the hydrangea macrophylla cutting seedlings is 30 multiplied by 30cm, planting the hydrangea macrophylla cutting seedlings in spring or autumn, pinching when the seedlings grow to 10 +/-2 cm, pinching again when the seedlings grow to 15 +/-2 cm, cultivating 6-9 branches per plant, and shading the shading net in the upper ten days of 5-9 months. When the length of the branch reaches 40cm, a small tree-shaped big embroidered ball can be manufactured, and when the length of the branch exceeds 40cm, the branch is fixed by a fixture to promote the vertical growth of the branch, so that a larger plant-shaped tree-shaped big embroidered ball is manufactured;
(2) high pressure propagation
Carrying out high-pressure propagation in a season with the lowest temperature of not less than 10 ℃, selecting branches with proper lengths according to the plant types of finished flowers, cutting 1 circle of wound at the semi-lignified part by a blade, cutting 2 circle of wound at the position 2mm below the 1 st circle of wound, repeating the steps for 5-7 circles of wound, cutting a plurality of vertical wounds between the uppermost wound and the lowermost wound, spacing 2-3mm between the vertical wounds, finally forming a grid wound, wrapping the wound with flower mud soaked with a bactericide and a rooting agent solution, mixing the solution of 300mg/L hymexazol, 17mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 17mg/L indolebutyric acid, wrapping the flower mud with a black spherical propagation box which is filled with a rooting matrix and has the diameter of 5cm as shown in figure 3, the rooting matrix is formed by mixing coconut chaff and perlite according to the proportion of 1:1, a bactericide and rooting agent solution is added into the rooting matrix, 10ml of the bactericide and rooting agent solution is added into the rooting matrix every 5 days, and the solution is formed by mixing 300mg/L hymexazol, 10mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 10mg/L indolebutyric acid. The moisture content of the rooting matrix is observed through the holes at the upper part and the lower part of the spherical propagation box, and the moisture is supplemented by a needle tube when the moisture is insufficient. After high-pressure propagation for 30 +/-5 days, the root system grows to fill the whole spherical propagation box, and as shown in figures 4 and 5, the spherical propagation box can be cut off for planting;
(3) planting
Planting in 1 gallon flowerpot with trunk height not more than 40 cm; planting 2 gallon flowerpots with trunk height of 40-60 cm; the trunk height reaches or exceeds 60cm, 3 gallon flowerpots are selected for field planting, and a culture medium is prepared from peat, coconut coir, wood fiber and coconut husk according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1:1, adding 2kg of slow release fertilizer into each cubic meter of the culture medium; as shown in fig. 6, after 30 ± 5d of field planting, the uppermost 4 leaves and 4 leaf buds of the trunk are left, other leaves and leaf buds are wiped off, and multiple pinching is performed according to the specifications of finished flowers and the expected flower number, wherein the pinching of the variety in 'endless summer' is finished before the bottom of 10 months, and the pinching of other varieties is finished before the bottom of 7 months;
(4) pruning and flowering
Cutting weak branches after leaf dropping in winter, leaving 6-10 branches, applying slow release fertilizers in the culture substrate after sprouting in spring, applying the slow release fertilizers with the specifications of 10 g/pot, 15 g/pot and 25 g/pot for 1 gallon-2 gallon-pot and 3 gallon-pot respectively, spraying 1000mg/L mepiquat chloride solution for every 10-20 days to control the length of the branches, spreading sheet aluminum sulfate on the surface of the culture substrate after sprouting in spring, and applying the sheet aluminum sulfate with the specifications of 15 g/pot, 25 g/pot and 35 g/pot for 1 gallon-pot, 2 gallon-pot and 3 gallon-pot respectively to perform blue-tone color, wherein the finished product is shown in figure 1.
Examples
The invention carries out the following steps on an experimental plot:
(1) cultivation of the trunk
Propagating 50 hydrangea macrophylla branches at high pressure every 15d for 4-10 months, and counting related experimental data: the experimental conclusion of the rooting time, the seedling time and the survival rate is summarized. Selecting a land with sufficient soil fertility, wide and unobstructed topography and good drainage to plant hydrangea macrophylla cutting seedlings, applying 1-2 tons of commercial organic fertilizer to each mu before planting, carrying out rotary tillage and deep turning, wherein the depth of a rotary tillage layer reaches 30cm until the soil is loose, the ground is flat, removing large particles and sundries, when furrows are made on the planting land, the width of the furrow surface is 90cm, the width of a ditch is 60cm, the height of the furrow surface is 20-40cm, the planting row spacing for planting the hydrangea macrophylla cutting seedlings is 30 multiplied by 30cm, planting the hydrangea macrophylla cutting seedlings in spring or autumn, pinching when the seedlings grow to 10 +/-2 cm, pinching again when 15 +/-2 cm, cultivating 6-9 branches per plant, as shown in figure 2, shading the sun in the upper ten days to 9 months in 5 months, and open in other times, when the length of the cultivated branches reaches 40cm, manufacturing small tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla, and when the length exceeds 40cm, fixing the branches by a fixture to promote the vertical growth of the branches so as to manufacture a tree-shaped big embroidered ball with a larger plant shape;
(2) high pressure propagation
High-pressure propagation is carried out in the season that the lowest temperature is not lower than 10 ℃, branches with proper lengths are selected according to the plant types of finished flowers, and the following three different treatment modes are carried out, namely 1: no damage, 2: girdling the cortex at the semi-lignification part of the branch for 2-2.5cm, 3: the patent describes a grid-like lesion. Comparing the influence of the three different treatment modes on the rooting time, the seedling rate and the root development of the high-pressure propagation. The method is specifically characterized in that 1 circle of wound is scratched on a semi-lignified part by a blade, 2 circles of wound are scratched at a position 2mm below the 1 st circle of wound, 5-7 circles of wound are scratched in the same way, a plurality of vertical wounds are scratched between the uppermost wound and the lowermost wound, the vertical wounds are spaced by 2-3mm, finally, a grid-shaped wound is formed, the wound is wrapped by floral foam soaked with bactericide and rooting agent solution, and the solution is formed by mixing 300mg/L hymexazol, 17mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 17mg/L indolebutyric acid. As shown in FIG. 3, floral foam was wrapped with a 5cm diameter black spherical propagation box filled with rooting matrix. 10ml of bactericide and rooting agent solution is added into the rooting matrix every 5 days, and the solution is formed by mixing 300mg/L hymexazol, 10mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 10mg/L indolebutyric acid. The rooting medium is formed by mixing coconut chaff and perlite according to the ratio of 1:1, the moisture content of the rooting medium is observed through holes in the upper portion and the lower portion of the spherical propagation box, and when the moisture content is insufficient, the moisture is supplemented through a needle tube. After high-pressure propagation for 30 +/-5 days, the root system grows to fill the whole spherical propagation box, and as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the spherical propagation box can be cut off and planted;
(3) planting
Planting in 1 gallon flowerpot with trunk height not more than 40 cm; planting 2 gallon flowerpots with trunk height of 40-60 cm; and (3) selecting 3-gallon flowerpots with trunk heights reaching or exceeding 60cm for field planting, selecting the following 5 culture mediums, and summarizing experimental conclusions according to experimental results. 1: and (3) peat import: perlite is 3:1, 2: domestic peat: perlite is 3:1, 3: and (3) peat import: coconut husk: perlite is 2:1:1, 4: and (3) peat import: coconut chaff: perlite is 1:2:1, 5: peat, coconut husk, wood fibre and coconut husk 1: 1: 1:1, adding 2kg/m of each culture medium 3 The slow release fertilizer. Selecting 5 as culture medium, planting for 30 + -5 d, leaving the top 4 leaves and 4 leaf buds of the main trunk, and wiping off other leaves and leaf buds, as shown in FIG. 6. Multiple pinching is carried out according to the specification of finished flowers and the expected flower number, pinching of the variety 'endless summer' is finished before the bottom of 10 months, and pinching of other varieties is finished before the bottom of 7 months;
(4) pruning and flowering
Cutting weak branches after leaf dropping in winter, leaving 6-10 branches, applying slow release fertilizers in the culture substrate after sprouting in spring, applying the slow release fertilizers with the specifications of 10 g/pot, 15 g/pot and 25 g/pot for 1 gallon-2 gallon-pot and 3 gallon-pot respectively, spraying 1000mg/L mepiquat chloride solution for every 10-20 days to control the length of the branches, spreading sheet aluminum sulfate on the surface of the culture substrate after sprouting in spring, and applying the sheet aluminum sulfate with the specifications of 15 g/pot, 25 g/pot and 35 g/pot for 1 gallon-pot, 2 gallon-pot and 3 gallon-pot respectively to perform blue-tone color, wherein the finished product is shown in figure 1.
And (4) conclusion: determination of suitable temperature for high-pressure propagation
The experimental result shows that along with the gradual rise of the temperature and the gradual fall after reaching the maximum value, the time required for high-pressure propagation and rooting and seedling growth is reduced, increased and reduced, and the survival rate is increased, reduced and increased; the daily temperature is 23-32 ℃, the night temperature is 15-23 ℃ which is the optimum temperature for high-pressure propagation, the high-pressure propagation survival rate can exceed 85% when the night temperature is 10-15 ℃ and exceeds 23 ℃, and the rooting time is prolonged by 3-7 d.
Determination method for promoting hydrangea macrophylla high-pressure propagation rooting
Experimental results show that the branches which are not subjected to mechanical damage can not root in 30 days of high-pressure propagation. The propagation rooting time and the seedling rate of the latticed damage mode and the damage mode of the cortex girdling are basically the same, and no significant difference exists; however, the big embroidered ball treated by the treatment mode of the invention is remarkably superior to girdling treatment in the root number, the total root length and the dry weight of the root.
Screening of tree-shaped big hydrangea cultivation medium
Experimental results show that the culture medium has the best effect, and indexes such as the crown width, the fresh weight of the overground part and the underground part of a plant are remarkably superior to those of other formula mediums.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and it is to be understood that all embodiments may be combined as appropriate by one of ordinary skill in the art to form other embodiments as will be apparent to those of skill in the art from the description herein.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation method of a tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cultivation of the trunk
Planting big hydrangea cutting seedlings in spring or autumn, pinching when the seedlings grow to 10 +/-2 cm, pinching again when the seedlings grow to 15 +/-2 cm, cultivating 6-9 branches per plant, shading by a shading net in the middle upper ten of 5 months to the middle upper ten of 9 months, manufacturing small tree-shaped big hydrangea when the branch length reaches 40cm, and fixing the branches by using a fixture to promote the vertical growth when the branch length exceeds 40cm so as to manufacture the tree-shaped big hydrangea with larger plant shapes;
(2) high pressure propagation
High-pressure propagation is carried out in the season that the lowest temperature is not lower than 10 ℃, branches with proper lengths are selected according to the type of finished flower plants, 1 circle of wound is scratched on a semi-lignified part by a blade, 2mm below the 1 st circle of wound is scratched for 2 circles, and by analogy, 5-7 circles of wound are scratched, a plurality of vertical wounds are scratched between the uppermost wound and the lowermost wound, the interval between the vertical wounds is 2-3mm, finally, a grid-shaped wound with the depth reaching the xylem is formed, the wound is wrapped by flower mud soaked with bactericide and rooting agent solution, the flower mud is wrapped by a spherical propagation box filled with rooting matrix, 10ml of bactericide and rooting agent solution is added into the rooting matrix every 5 days, and the flower mud is cut for planting after high-pressure propagation is carried out for 30 +/-5 days;
(3) planting
Planting a selected 1-gallon flowerpot with the trunk height not exceeding 40cm, planting a selected 2-gallon flowerpot with the trunk height between 40 and 60cm, and planting a selected 3-gallon flowerpot with the trunk height reaching or exceeding 60 cm; leaving 4 leaves and 4 leaf buds at the top of the trunk after 30 +/-5 days of field planting, wiping off other leaves and leaf buds, and performing multiple pinching according to the specification of finished flowers and the expected flower number, wherein the pinching of the variety in 'endless summer' is finished before the bottom of 10 months, and the pinching of other varieties is finished before the bottom of 7 months;
(4) pruning and flowering
Cutting weak branches after leaf falling in winter, leaving 6-10 branches, applying slow release fertilizer in the culture medium to promote plant growth after germination in spring, spraying mepiquat chloride to control branch length, and spraying sheet aluminum sulfate on the surface of the culture medium to perform flower color bluish after germination in spring.
2. The cultivation method of the tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the plot with sufficient soil fertility, wide terrain, no obstruction and good drainage is selected to plant hydrangea macrophylla cutting seedlings, 1-2 tons of commercial organic fertilizer are applied to each mu before planting, the rotary tillage is turned deeply, the depth of the rotary tillage layer reaches 30cm until the soil is loose and the ground is flat, and large particles and impurities are removed.
3. The method for cultivating tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), when furrows are formed on the planting land, the width of the furrow surface is 90cm, the width of the furrow is 60cm, the height of the furrow surface is 20-40cm, and the row spacing of the plants for planting hydrangea macrophylla cutting seedlings is 30 x 30 cm.
4. The cultivation method of the tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla according to claim 1, wherein the bactericide and rooting agent solution soaked in the floral foam in the step (2) is formed by mixing 300mg/L hymexazol, 17mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 17mg/L indolebutyric acid, the rooting matrix is formed by mixing coco coir and perlite according to a ratio of 1:1, the spherical propagation box is a black spherical propagation box with a diameter of 5cm, 10ml of bactericide and rooting agent solution is added into the rooting matrix every 5d, and the solution is formed by mixing 300mg/L hymexazol, 10mg/L naphthylacetic acid and 10mg/L indolebutyric acid.
5. The cultivation method of the tree-shaped hydrangea macrophylla as claimed in claim 1, wherein 2kg of slow release fertilizer is added to each cubic meter of cultivation medium during planting in step (3).
6. The method for cultivating the tree-shaped big hydrangea macrophylla according to claim 1, wherein the 1 gallon flowerpot, the 2 gallon flowerpot and the 3 gallon flowerpot in step (4) are respectively applied with 10, 15 and 25 g/pot slow release fertilizers, 1000mg/L mepiquat chloride solution is sprayed every 10-20d to control the length of the branch.
7. The method for cultivating tree-shaped large hydrangea macrophylla as defined in claim 6, wherein 1 gallon flowerpot, 2 gallon flowerpot and 3 gallon flowerpot specifications in the step (4) are applied with 15, 25 and 35 g/pot of aluminum flake sulfate for bluing the flowers, respectively.
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