CN112400585A

CN112400585A - Planting method for intercropping Chinese wolfberry fruits into clovers

Info

Publication number: CN112400585A
Application number: CN202011289159.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹有龙; 何军; 李晓莺; 秦垦; 戴国礼; 田英; 朱丽珍; 张曦燕; 石志刚; 焦恩宁; 王亚军
Original assignee: Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology of Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Institute of Wolfberry Engineering Technology of Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2020-11-17
Filing date: 2020-11-17
Publication date: 2021-02-26
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-17
Also published as: CN112400585B

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for intercropping Chinese wolfberry into clovers, and belongs to the technical field of intercropping planting. By controlling parameters such as planting density of the medlar and the clover, fertilizers and the like, aphids can be effectively prevented and controlled, intercropping obstacles between the medlar and the clover can be eliminated, the yield of dry fruits after the medlar is aged can be stabilized to be more than 150 kg/mu, and the yield of the clover can be stabilized to be more than 4000 kg/mu.

Description

Planting method for intercropping Chinese wolfberry fruits into clovers

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of intercropping planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for intercropping Chinese wolfberry into clovers.

Background

The medlar is a shrub in medlar of solanaceae, is cold-loving, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, salt-alkali resistant, has medicinal and water and soil conservation effects, and is mainly distributed in Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang and other places of China.

Clover, Rosales, Leguminosae, Medicago, is high-quality leguminous pasture, has thin and soft stem and leaf, rich leaf amount, high crude protein content, and low crude fiber content, and can be used for breeding livestock and feeding herbivorous fish. The clover plants are short and have strong adaptability, and can be used as excellent plants for building lawns in urban greening.

The intercropping means a planting mode of planting two or more than two crops in the same field in the same growing period in rows or zones at intervals. The intercropping can improve the land utilization rate, and the crop compound group formed by the intercropping can intercept and absorb sunlight and reduce the waste of light energy; meanwhile, the two crops can also produce complementary action by intercropping. However, during intercropping, strong competition for sunlight, water, nutrients and the like often exists among different crops. Therefore, the selection of proper crops for intercropping is beneficial to improving the planting effect.

The medlar is sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer, the yield is obviously reduced when the medlar is lower than a certain value, the medlar and the clover are intercropped, the leguminous clover can provide additional nitrogen element for soil, a certain buffer effect can be provided for the nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is not excessively applied when the medlar is planted to ensure the medlar yield, and the soil hardening phenomenon caused by excessive application of the fertilizer is reduced.

The continuous cropping of the medlar and the clover has certain allelopathy, the problems of inconsistent light, density and water distribution, plant diseases and insect pests and the like.

Therefore, how to provide a planting method for intercropping the Chinese wolfberry into the clover is an urgent problem to be solved in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention discloses a planting method for intercropping Chinese wolfberry into clovers.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a planting method for intercropping Chinese wolfberry into clovers comprises the following steps:

1) sowing organic fertilizer and ploughing in the last ten days of 2 months to the last 3 months;

2) planting medlar seedlings and sowing clover in late 3-month ten days, planting medlar in the north-south direction, wherein the planting distance of the medlar is 1.0-1.2m, the line spacing is 2.5-3m, the clover is planted between two lines of medlar in the north-south direction, the planting distance is 1.5-2.5cm, the line spacing is 10-15cm, and the line spacing between the medlar planting line and the adjacent clover planting line is 30-35 cm;

3) topdressing is carried out for two times respectively in the middle of 5 months and in the middle of 7 months;

4) in the last 8 th month, harvesting the medlar fruits; harvesting clover in the middle ten days of the month 9;

5) planting winter wheat in the clover sowing area from late 9 to early 10 months, wherein the sowing quantity of the winter wheat is 30-40 kg/mu;

6) in the next year, from late 2 months to early 3 months, organic fertilizer is sown, and winter wheat is planted in a rotary tillage manner;

7) sowing clovers in the winter wheat planting area in late 3 th ten days of the next year, wherein the planting method is the same as the step 2);

8) in the next year, topdressing is carried out twice in the middle of 5 months and in the middle of 7 months respectively;

9) harvesting the medlar fruits in the next year, in late 6 months; harvesting clover in the middle ten days of the month 9;

10) repeating the operations of the steps 5) to 9).

Has the advantages that: fruits produced by the medlar are sensitive to nitrogen elements, so that in normal planting, in order to increase the yield of the medlar, besides organic fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizers are additionally added, but excessive nitrogen fertilizers can cause the problems of soil flora imbalance, hardening and the like, and the clovers can provide additional nitrogen fertilizers for the medlar for leguminous plants, do not need to additionally add nitrogen fertilizers, and lay a foundation for ecological balance and long-term intercropping development of soil;

the clover leaves are large and planted in the interval area of the medlar, so that the soil moisture can be effectively kept, and the water supply in the nutrition sensitive period of the medlar is ensured; the clover contains high nutrient substances and can secrete chemical substances to biologically prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests such as aphids and the like;

the planting density determines the photosynthesis intensity of clover, the transpiration rate of leaves and intercellular CO₂The concentration and other in vivo metabolism finally affect the leaf growth speed, root length, stem-leaf ratio, aboveground biomass and other characteristics, and finally affect the water retention capacity, the secretion of antibacterial and insect-resistant substances, self nutrients, yield and the like of the clovers; experiments show that the intercropping space has the best effect, the over-dense effect causes the over-strong allelopathy, the nutrient competition, the slow growth of crops, the insufficient accumulation of later-period nutrient substances, the over-loose effect causes the over-fast water loss, and the insect pest inhibiting effect is poor;

preferably, in the step 1), the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg/mu;

preferably, the plowing depth in the step 1) is not less than 15 cm;

preferably, the organic fertilizer in the step 1) is farmyard manure;

has the advantages that: the farmyard manure has various types, wide sources, large quantity, convenience for local material taking, local use, lower cost and more comprehensive contained nutrient substances, contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, also contains calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and some trace elements, is favorable for promoting the formation of a soil aggregate structure, enables the ratio of air to water in the soil to be coordinated, loosens the soil, and increases the water-retaining, heat-preserving, air-permeable and fertilizer-retaining capacities;

preferably, in the step 2), the Chinese wolfberry plant spacing is 1.2m, and the line spacing is 3.0 m;

preferably, in the step 2), the distance between the clover plants is 2.0cm, the row spacing is 15cm, wherein the distance between a Chinese wolfberry planting row and an adjacent clover planting row is 32 cm;

preferably, in the step 2), the planting depth of the medlar seedlings is 40-60cm, and the planting depth of the clovers is 1.5-2.0 cm;

preferably, the planting depth of the medlar is 40cm, and the planting depth of the clover is 1.7 cm;

has the advantages that: the planting depth of the clover is 1-2 times deeper than normal, and the clover is intercropped, and the main purposes are as follows: water retention, disease prevention and redundant light utilization; deeper clovers are planted, the emergence is late, but the uniformity of seedlings is high, the seedlings can be accurately arranged according to the planting density, and the effects of water retention, disease prevention and redundant light utilization can be better exerted; experiments show that the excessively low planting depth, no arrangement, excessively high planting depth, overlong hypocotyl and easy lodging are achieved;

preferably, in the step 3) and the step 8), the additional fertilizer component is a biological organic fertilizer, and the dosage is 300-;

preferably, the dosage of the biological organic fertilizer is 350 kg/mu;

preferably, the biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of farmyard manure, 10-20 parts of trichoderma and 10-20 parts of bacillus subtilis;

has the advantages that: the secondary topdressing is a biological organic fertilizer, contains farmyard manure, trichoderma and bacillus subtilis, the trichoderma and the bacillus subtilis are crop cooperative bacteria, can secrete chemical substances to further relieve continuous cropping inhibition, can promote plant growth by the aid of the secreted chemical substances, and can inhibit growth of other harmful bacteria by the aid of effects of competition, allelopathy and the like to achieve biological control;

preferably, 70 parts of farmyard manure, 15 parts of trichoderma and 15 parts of bacillus subtilis;

preferably, the planting density of the winter wheat in the step 5) is as follows: planting winter wheat in the south and north directions between two rows of medlar, wherein the planting distance is 8-12cm, the row spacing is 22-28cm, and the distance between a medlar planting row and an adjacent winter wheat planting row is 30-50 cm;

preferably, the planting density of the winter wheat in the step 5) is as follows: the plant spacing is 10cm, the row spacing is 25cm, wherein the spacing between a Chinese wolfberry planting row and an adjacent winter wheat planting row is 40 cm;

has the advantages that: wheat is a gramineous plant, chemical substances secreted by the vegetative growth of wheat can relieve continuous cropping obstacles caused by continuous cropping of medlar and clover, and a large number of experimental results show that: carrying out intercropping on the medlar and the clover in the intercropping way, and planting at least 30 kg/mu of wheat seeds to relieve allelopathy;

preferably, in the step 6), the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 1200-1800 kg/mu;

has the advantages that: the wheat can secrete chemical substances to relieve allelopathy in the growth process, particularly winter wheat can secrete chemical substances to resist allelopathy gradually in the overwintering process, and the allelopathy can be effectively relieved through the action of winter; the straws have certain adsorption capacity, and chemical sensitive substances in the soil can be further reduced by smashing the straws and carrying out rotary tillage to fill the soil, and experiments show that at least 50 kg/mu of wheat seeds need to be planted to relieve the chemical sensitive effect if the rotary tillage is not carried out;

preferably, the dosage of the top dressing in the step 6) is 1500 kg/mu.

The invention discloses a planting method for intercropping Chinese wolfberry and clover, which can effectively prevent and control aphids by controlling parameters such as planting density of Chinese wolfberry and clover, fertilizer and the like, the average aphid density can be effectively controlled within 50 per branch, intercropping obstacles between Chinese wolfberry and clover can be removed, the yield of Chinese wolfberry can be stabilized at more than 380 kg/mu, and the yield of clover can be stabilized at more than 4000 kg/mu.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The medicament is a conventional experimental medicament purchased from a commercially available channel; the unrecited experimental method is a conventional experimental method, and is not described in detail herein.

The treatment method of the medlar seeds comprises the following steps:

soaking the Chinese wolfberry seeds in 10% saline water for 15min, then placing the Chinese wolfberry seeds in a drying oven at 40 ℃ until the surface water content is 23%, then placing the Chinese wolfberry seeds in 1% formalin solution for soaking for 15min for sterilization, and then placing the Chinese wolfberry seeds in a germination accelerating box for accelerating germination for 15h to obtain the pretreated Chinese wolfberry seeds.

Clover seeds are purchased from encyclopedia tree seed stations and can be directly sown.

Example 1

1) In 2014, 28 days in 2 months, sowing and applying 1500 kg/mu of farmyard manure in the test field, wherein the plowing depth is 15 cm;

2) planting the medlar and sowing the white clover in the south-north direction in 3 months and 25 days in 2014, wherein the planting distance of the medlar is 1.0m, the line spacing is 2.5m, and the planting depth is 40 cm;

white clover is planted in the south-north direction between two rows of the medlar, the planting distance is 1.5cm, the row spacing is 10cm, the planting depth is 1.5cm, and the distance between the white clover planting row and the adjacent medlar planting row is 30 cm;

3) topdressing 300 kg/mu of biological organic fertilizer in 5 months, 14 days and 7 months, 16 days in 2014; the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of farmyard manure, 10 parts of trichoderma and 10 parts of bacillus subtilis;

4) picking up fructus Lycii in 2014 in 8, 15 months;

5) harvesting the white clover in 9-13 days in 2014;

6) and in 9 and 30 days in 2014, planting winter wheat in the white clover sowing area, wherein the planting density of the winter wheat is as follows:

planting winter wheat in the south and north directions between two rows of the medlar, wherein the planting distance is 8cm, the row spacing is 30cm, and the distance between a medlar planting row and an adjacent winter wheat planting row is 50 cm;

7) sowing 1200 kg/mu of farmyard manure 2 month and 17 days 2015, and carrying out rotary tillage on winter wheat into soil;

8) 25 days 3 months and 25 days 2015, sowing white clover in the winter wheat planting area, planting the white clover in the south-north direction between two rows of the Chinese wolfberry, wherein the plant spacing is 1.5cm, the row spacing is 30cm, the planting depth is 1.5cm, and the spacing between the white clover planting row and the adjacent Chinese wolfberry planting row is 30cm

9) Additionally applying 300 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer 5 months, 15 days and 7 months, 17 days in 2015; the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of farmyard manure, 10 parts of trichoderma and 10 parts of bacillus subtilis;

10) picking up fructus Lycii in 2015, 6 months and 23 days;

11) harvesting the white clover in 2015, 9 months and 18 days;

12) and (5) repeating the operation of the step 6), and counting the crop yield and the pest and disease damage conditions in 2-5 years, wherein the results are shown in table 1.

Example 2

1) 11 days 3 and 11 months 2014, sowing and applying 2000 kg/mu of farmyard manure in the test field, and ploughing to the depth of 20 cm;

2) 29 days 3 months in 2014, sowing the medlar and the white clover, planting the medlar in the south and north direction, wherein the plant spacing is 120cm, the line spacing is 3m, and the planting depth is 60 cm;

white clover is planted in the south-north direction between two rows of the medlar, the planting distance is 2.5cm, the row spacing is 20cm, the planting depth is 2.0cm, and the distance between the white clover planting row and the adjacent medlar planting row is 35 cm;

3) topdressing 400 kg/mu of biological organic fertilizer in 5 months, 14 days and 7 months, 18 days in 2014; the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of farmyard manure, 10 parts of trichoderma and 10 parts of bacillus subtilis;

4) picking up fructus Lycii in 2014 in 8, 13 months;

5) harvesting the white clover in 9-19 days 2014;

6) and 3, 9 and 12 days in 2014, planting winter wheat in the white clover sowing area, wherein the planting density of the winter wheat is as follows:

planting winter wheat in the south and north directions between two rows of the medlar, wherein the planting distance is 12cm, the row spacing is 40cm, and the distance between a medlar planting row and an adjacent winter wheat planting row is 60 cm;

7) 3, 15 days in 2015, sowing 1800 kg/mu of farmyard manure, and carrying out rotary tillage on winter wheat to soil;

8) 28 days 3 months in 2015, sowing white clover in a winter wheat planting area, planting the white clover in the south-north direction between two rows of the Chinese wolfberry, wherein the plant spacing is 2.5cm, the row spacing is 35cm, the planting depth is 2.0cm, and the spacing between a white clover planting row and an adjacent Chinese wolfberry planting row is 35 cm;

9) applying 400 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer 5 months, 12 days and 7 months, 14 days in 2015; the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of farmyard manure, 10 parts of trichoderma and 10 parts of bacillus subtilis;

10) collecting fructus Lycii in 2015 at 21 days 6 months

11) Harvesting the white clover in 2015, 9 months and 12 days;

Example 3

1) 4 days 3 months 4 in 2014, sowing and applying 1700 kg/mu of farmyard manure in the test field, and ploughing to the depth of 18 cm;

2)3, 21 days in 2014, sowing the medlar and the white clover, planting the medlar in the south and north direction, wherein the plant spacing is 120cm, the line spacing is 3m, and the planting depth is 50 cm;

white clover is planted in the south-north direction between two rows of the medlar, the planting distance is 2.0cm, the row spacing is 15cm, the planting depth is 1.7cm, and the distance between the white clover planting row and the adjacent medlar planting row is 32 cm;

3) topdressing 350 kg/mu of biological organic fertilizer in 5 months, 18 days and 7 months, 16 days in 2014; the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of farmyard manure, 15 parts of trichoderma and 15 parts of bacillus subtilis;

4) picking up fructus Lycii in 2014 in 18 months at 8;

5) harvesting the white clover in 9, 15 days in 2014;

6) in 2014, 10 and 2 days, planting winter wheat in the white clover sowing area, wherein the planting density of the winter wheat is as follows:

planting winter wheat in the south and north directions between two rows of the medlar, wherein the planting distance is 10cm, the row spacing is 35cm, and the distance between a medlar planting row and an adjacent winter wheat planting row is 55 cm;

7) 3, 6 months and 2015, sowing 1500 kg/mu of farmyard manure, and carrying out rotary tillage on winter wheat to soil;

8) 22 days 3 months 3 years 2015, sowing white clover in a winter wheat planting area, planting the white clover in the south-north direction between two rows of the Chinese wolfberry, wherein the plant spacing is 2.0cm, the row spacing is 33cm, the planting depth is 1.8cm, and the spacing between a white clover planting row and an adjacent Chinese wolfberry planting row is 32 cm;

9) additionally applying 350 kg/mu of bio-organic fertilizer in 5 months and 12 days in 7 months and 12 days in 2015; the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of farmyard manure, 15 parts of trichoderma and 15 parts of bacillus subtilis;

10) picking up fructus Lycii in 2015, 6 months and 20 days;

11) harvesting the white clover in 2015, 9 months and 19 days;

10) and (5) repeating the operation of the step 6), and counting the crop yield and the pest and disease damage conditions in 2-5 years, wherein the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the above-described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A planting method for intercropping Chinese wolfberry into clovers is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2) planting medlar seedlings and sowing clover in late 3 th ten days, planting medlar in the north-south direction, wherein the planting distance of the medlar is 1.0-1.4m, the line spacing is 2.5-3.5m, the clover is planted between two lines of the medlar in the north-south direction, the planting distance is 1.5-2.5cm, the line spacing is 10-20cm, and the line spacing between the medlar planting line and the adjacent clover planting line is 30-35 cm;

10) repeating the operations of the steps 5) to 9).

2. The planting method for intercropping trefoil with medlar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg/mu.

3. The planting method for intercropping trefoil with medlar according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the planting depth of the medlar is 40-60cm, and the planting depth of the trefoil is 1.5-2.0 cm.

4. The planting method for intercropping clover with medlar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3) and the step 8), the additional fertilizer component is a biological organic fertilizer, and the dosage is 300-400 kg/mu.

5. The planting method of intercropping trefoil with medlar according to claim 4, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 60-80 parts of farmyard manure, 10-20 parts of trichoderma and 10-20 parts of bacillus subtilis.

6. The planting method for intercropping trefoil with medlar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the planting density of the winter wheat is as follows: the winter wheat is planted between two lines of the medlar in the south-north direction, the planting distance is 8-12cm, the line spacing is 22-28cm, wherein the distance between the medlar planting line and the adjacent winter wheat planting line is 30-40 cm.

7. The planting method for intercropping trefoil with medlar as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 6), the amount of the organic fertilizer is 1200-1800 kg/mu.