CN112390369A - Mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for small lake water purification and landscaping - Google Patents
Mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for small lake water purification and landscaping Download PDFInfo
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- CN112390369A CN112390369A CN202011170166.XA CN202011170166A CN112390369A CN 112390369 A CN112390369 A CN 112390369A CN 202011170166 A CN202011170166 A CN 202011170166A CN 112390369 A CN112390369 A CN 112390369A
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/342—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the enzymes used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for water purification and landscaping of a small lake, which comprises a floating bed floating body and a plurality of planting baskets, wherein a plurality of planting holes are formed in the floating bed floating body, the planting baskets are placed in the planting holes in the floating bed floating body, nylon filter membranes with the aperture of 0.45 mu m are arranged at the lower side and the bottom of the inner wall of each planting basket, and the planting baskets are filled with substrates and planted with aquatic plants inoculated with AMF. The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed provided by the invention utilizes AMF to strengthen the sewage purification capacity of aquatic plants, and utilizes the interception effect of drop reoxygenation of a fountain and a 0.45 mu m nylon filter membrane to promote the formation of mycorrhiza symbionts at the roots of the aquatic plants and effectively improve the sewage purification efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of treatment of water, wastewater, sewage or sludge, and particularly relates to a mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for water purification and landscaping of a small lake.
Background
An ecological floating bed, also called artificial floating bed or ecological floating island, uses soilless culture technology, uses high molecular material as a carrier, plants higher aquatic plants or improved terrestrial plants on the water surface of eutrophic water, and reduces nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the eutrophic water through the absorption and enrichment of plant roots and the decomposition and mineralization of root microorganisms on pollutants, thereby achieving the effects of inhibiting the growth of algae and purifying water quality. The ecological floating bed technology is used as an in-situ water body restoration technology with good treatment effect and low operation and maintenance cost, and is gradually and widely applied to eutrophic water body treatment and water environment ecological restoration engineering in recent years.
However, the aquatic plants in the traditional floating bed have low pollutant removal efficiency and poor tolerance, are difficult to adapt to high-pollution environment and are easy to die, and the application of the aquatic plants is limited to a certain extent. Therefore, the ecological floating bed device which is low in operation cost, high in efficiency, high in adaptability and easy to manage is established, and has great significance for purifying eutrophic lakes persistently and efficiently.
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) is a symbiont formed by the root system of a plant infected by a fungus of the phylum of coccidioidomycosis, and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AMF) which is a fungus forming AM is most widely distributed in the fungus and can establish a symbiotic relationship with most plants on the earth, so that the AMF can widely exist in both terrestrial and moist environments. The AM symbiotic structure enables AMF and host plants thereof to be mutually beneficial, and the AMF can obtain photosynthetic products from the host plants and bring a series of benefits to the plants at the same time: such as promoting nutrient uptake by the host plant, especially phosphorus; promoting the growth of plants; the disease resistance of the plant is improved; can also improve the stress resistance (salt resistance, acid resistance, cold resistance, heavy metal resistance, etc.) of the plants. Therefore, AMF has a small potential in enhancing the restoration of natural water by aquatic plants.
However, because AMF is an aerobic fungus, in a special environment (flooding condition) such as an ecological floating bed, especially when eutrophic water bodies and black and odorous water bodies with low dissolved oxygen are treated, the dissolved oxygen with low content at the roots of aquatic plants directly affects the aerobic respiration of AMF, thereby affecting the energy metabolism, which is not beneficial to normal physiological activities and growth and reproduction of AMF. Moreover, in lakes and rivers, a great amount of AMF propagules around the roots of the aquatic plants are easily taken away by the impact and the washing of water flows, which is not beneficial to the formation of mycorrhization of the roots of the aquatic plants. Therefore, under natural conditions, the ecological restoration function of the AMF in the water environment is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of poor adaptability and low treatment efficiency of the existing ecological floating bed technology, an AMF-plant symbiotic system is generated by adding AMF microbial inoculum into a matrix around a plant root system of a floating bed to complete mycorrhization of a floating bed plant, the tolerance of the floating bed plant to pollutants is enhanced by utilizing AMF, and the sewage purification function and the system stability of the ecological floating bed are enhanced. In addition, in order to avoid the adverse effect of low dissolved oxygen and water flow impact of a flooding environment on the formation process of mycorrhiza at the root of the floating bed plant, the drop aeration of the central fountain and the interception effect of the nylon filter membrane with the diameter of 0.45 mu m in the planting basket on the AMF propagules are ingeniously utilized, the formation of mycorrhiza symbiont at the root of the floating bed plant is effectively promoted, and the water purification effect of the floating bed is indirectly improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for purifying water and landscaping of a small lake comprises a floating bed floating body and a plurality of planting baskets, wherein a plurality of planting holes are formed in the floating bed floating body, the planting baskets are placed in the planting holes in the floating bed floating body, nylon filter membranes with the aperture of 0.45 mu m are arranged at the lower side and the bottom of the inner wall of each planting basket, and the planting baskets are filled with matrixes and plant aquatic plants inoculated with AMF.
Preferably, the substrate in the planting basket is divided into two layers, the lower layer is a biochar-vermiculite layer with the thickness of 5-8cm, and the upper layer is a ceramsite layer with the thickness of 3-5 cm.
The vermiculite is light in weight and has better permeability and water retention. The biochar can increase the content of organic substances in the matrix, hold nutrients and promote the growth of the root system of the floating bed plant and microorganisms around the root system. Moreover, the biochar with the surface micropore size smaller than 16 mu m can effectively adsorb toxic substances inhibiting the activity of the AMF, can protect AMF propagules from being damaged by fungus predators (mites, bombyx batryticatus, nematodes and protozoa), provides a proper environment for the propagation of the floating bed plant root system AMF, and improves the infection rate of the root system AMF.
According to the scheme, the grain size of the ceramsite in the ceramsite layer is 2-3cm, and the biological carbon-vermiculite layer is prepared from biological carbon and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, wherein the biochar is prepared by thermally cracking agricultural and forestry wastes (rice hulls, rice straws, corn straws and the like) at high temperature in an oxygen-isolated environment and then sieving the thermally cracked biochar with a sieve of 2mm, the aperture is less than 16 mu m, and the particle size of vermiculite is 2-4 mm. The ceramsite has light weight and strong adaptability, and the internal structural characteristics of the ceramsite are fine honeycomb micropores, so that the ceramsite is favorable for the attachment and growth of microorganisms to form a biological membrane. The selected ceramsite with the medium particle size can intercept large-particle organic matters, and the fixation of plant roots and stems is greatly facilitated.
According to the scheme, the installation height of the nylon filter membrane in the planting basket is matched with that of the biochar-vermiculite layer. The nylon filter membrane has high strength and acid and alkali resistance with proper concentration, the aperture of 0.45 mu m has nearly 100 percent interception rate on the AMF propagules, the condition that a large amount of AMF propagules are taken away by water flow impact can be avoided, the AMF propagules are completely stored in the planting basket, the efficiency of infecting floating bed plants is greatly enhanced, and high mycorrhization is completed. On the other hand, the nylon filter membrane with the diameter of 0.45 mu m can also carry out deeper filtration on water filtered by the biochar-vermiculite layer to remove bacteria, clay and other particles in the water.
According to the scheme, the aquatic plants comprise reed, canna, pinus alternatus and water hyacinth. In plant variety selection, factors such as adaptability, growth speed, ornamental value, economy, purification capacity, mycorrhizal binding capacity and the like are comprehensively considered.
Preferably, the ceramic particle layer is also provided with a surface grid with the aperture less than or equal to 2 cm. Preferably, the surface grid is made of stainless steel materials, and the surface grid has the main function of removing floating objects and suspended substances in water and intercepting the floating objects and the suspended substances on the grid. In addition, the surface grid also has the effect of the inside matrix of fixed floating bed, can prevent leaking of inside matrix effectively.
Preferably, the periphery of the ceramsite layer and the periphery and bottom of the biochar-vermiculite layer are wrapped by biochemical cotton with the thickness of 2 cm. The biochemical cotton can quickly absorb nutrient substances and water in water, is favorable for the growth of plant roots and the utilization of the nutrient substances, has a porous structure which is also a hotbed for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms, is favorable for the formation of a biological film, has the capacity of buffering and bearing pressure, slows down the pressure of upper fillers, and plays an effective role in protecting surrounding nylon filter membranes.
Preferably, the AMF microbial inoculum is added into the biochar-vermiculite layer, is obtained by mixing the AMF microbial inoculum which is Musca moschata (Fm), Neurospora radicata (Ri) and Pachylomyces juxton (Ce) microbial inoculum, using corn or clover as a host in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 ℃ for 12 hours (12 hours of illumination and 12 hours of darkness), and using a mixture (volume ratio is 5:2:3) of sterilized river sand, humus soil and vermiculite as a culture medium for propagation for three months, and then harvesting, wherein the microbial inoculum comprises three AMF propagules (spores, hyphae and root segments of infected plants) and the culture medium.
Preferably, the density of AMF spores in the planting basket is more than 5/g.
According to the scheme, the mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for purifying water and landscaping of the small lake further comprises an external floating ring and a floating bed frame.
Preferably, the floating bed frame is internally provided with a floating bed floating body which is hooped around the floating bed floating body. The shape can be designed into a rectangular frame, a square frame, a triangular frame, a polygonal frame and a circular frame according to requirements.
Preferably, the external floating ring is wrapped on the periphery of the floating bed frame and fixed with the floating bed frame through bolts. The outside floating collar provides buoyancy for whole bed that floats, sets up the tieing mouth around the outside floating collar, carries out the connection between the bed that floats with the mode of nylon rope bolt.
Preferably, the outer hull of the outer float ring is made of a High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) material and is filled with polystyrene foam.
According to the scheme, the mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for water purification and landscaping of the small lake further comprises a fountain assembly, wherein the fountain assembly is arranged at the bottom of the lake water and comprises a fountain pump, a connecting pipeline, a spray head, an LED fountain lamp and a support platform.
Preferably, the fountain assembly is disposed at a central position of the ecological floating bed. The fountain component is arranged at the central position of the plant floating bed, so that the scattered water mist can be uniformly distributed to the surrounding planting baskets. The fountain component can be used for completing water inlet at the upper part of the floating bed in the aspect of water purification treatment, can also utilize drop water to increase water body fluidity and dissolved oxygen, provides sufficient molecular oxygen supply for aerobic respiration in the metabolism process of sugar, fat and amino acid of AMF, and promotes metabolism and growth and reproduction of AMF on the one hand along with a large amount of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) generated in the oxidative phosphorylation process of respiratory chain electron transfer, thereby being beneficial to the rapid formation of an AMF and floating bed plant symbiotic system, improving the activities of nitrogen transport protein, phosphate transport protein and oxidoreductase on the other hand, and improving the removal efficiency of mycorrhizal floating bed on pollutants.
Preferably, the starting time of the fountain pump is not less than 4 hours every day so as to ensure that the water around the floating bed keeps higher dissolved oxygen content and meet the oxygen demand of AMF aerobic respiration, and the fluctuation change of the dissolved oxygen content is reduced by adopting an intermittent starting mode.
Preferably, the fountain connecting pipeline is made of galvanized pipes or stainless steel pipes.
Preferably, the spray head is one or more of a direct current spray head, a mist spray head, a flower column spray head, a rotary spray head, a flat nozzle spray head, a fan spray head, a fountain spray head, a firework spray head and the like. The selection and the collocation of the spray heads are comprehensively considered according to the water mist coverage range and the ornamental value.
According to the scheme, the mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for small lake water purification and landscaping further comprises an anchoring device used for fixing the floating body of the floating bed on the water surface.
Preferably, the anchoring device comprises a stainless steel anchor and a nylon rope, the stainless steel anchor is connected with the lower part of the external floating ring through the nylon rope, and the stainless steel anchor is arranged symmetrically and uniformly relative to the fountain component and extends into the underwater bottom sediment.
According to the scheme, the mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for water purification and landscaping of the small lake further comprises a solar power supply assembly.
Preferably, the solar power supply assembly comprises a solar power generation panel, a solar storage battery, an inverter and a time control switch, and is arranged on the floating body of the floating bed to provide electric energy for the fountain pumps and the LED fountain lamps on the periphery.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for purifying water and landscaping of the small lake has high pollutant removing efficiency and good tolerance, can improve the adaptability of plants in a highly polluted environment, and is mainly embodied in the following aspects:
(1) in the invention, the AMF microbial inoculum is added into the biochar-vermiculite layer, and after a symbiotic relationship is formed with AMF, AMF extracellular hyphae can actively transport ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and inorganic phosphate in a water environment through ammonium transport protein, nitrate salt transport protein and phosphate transport protein, and are converted into arginine and polyphosphate, rapidly transferred to endogenous hyphae, and finally decomposed into ammonia nitrogen and simple inorganic phosphorus which are directly conveyed to the roots of floating bed plants. AMF can also use amino acid permeases to absorb organic nitrogen (e.g., amino acids) from the surrounding aqueous environment and store it in the mycelium.
(2) The AMF can directly activate the organic phosphorus in the water by secreting organic acid to reduce the pH value of the surrounding environment, enhance the activity of soil phosphatase in rhizosphere micro-domains of floating bed plants, improve the absorption and utilization of insoluble phosphorus elements in the environment and promote the absorption of plants to phosphorus; AMF can secrete oxidoreductase, can promote the generation of oxidoreductase in plants or microorganisms, and is beneficial to the oxidation and degradation of organic pollutants in water; the AMF can improve the living environment of the floating bed plant root system microorganisms, improve the activity of the root system microorganisms and promote the degradation of the microorganisms to organic pollutants.
(3) After the AMF and the root system of the ecological floating bed plant form a symbiotic relation, more nutrition can be provided for the floating bed plant by enhancing the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, and then the growth and development of the floating bed plant are promoted. The AMF symbiota can adjust the osmotic balance in root tissues and reduce Na pair of plants by changing the contents and the compositions of saccharides and amino acids in the plants even if the floating bed is in a water area with high salt content+And Cl-Absorption of (2).
(4) The surface grid, the ceramic particle layer, the biochar-vermiculite layer and the 0.45-micrometer nylon filter membrane are arranged to perform step-by-step physical interception and adsorption on pollutants with different particle sizes in the upper inlet water, so that the contents of COD, total N and total P in the outlet water are greatly reduced. Moreover, the biochar with the pore diameter smaller than 16 mu m mixed in the vermiculite layer can adsorb toxic substances inhibiting the activity of the AMF, protect the AMF propagules from being invaded by fungal predators and is beneficial to forming mycorrhiza structures; the 0.45-micron nylon filter membrane can completely store AMF propagules in the planting basket while allowing dissolved oxygen exchange, greatly enhances the efficiency of infecting floating bed plants, and completes high mycorrhization.
(5) The fountain component arranged in the invention can not only complete the upper water inlet function of the floating bed, but also increase the water fluidity and dissolved oxygen, provide sufficient molecular oxygen supply for aerobic respiration in the metabolism process of sugar, fat and amino acid of AMF, and promote the metabolism, growth and propagation of AMF on the one hand and the rapid formation of an AMF and floating bed plant symbiotic system on the other hand, improve the activity of nitrogen transport protein, phosphate transport protein and oxidoreductase on the other hand, and improve the removal efficiency of mycorrhization floating bed on pollutants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a mycorrhizal ecological floating bed in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the mycorrhizal ecological floating bed of example 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a partial schematic view of the planting basket of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view of a surface mesh in example 1;
fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the mycorrhizal ecological floating bed in example 1.
In the figure: 1-an outer floating ring; 2-a floating bed frame; 3-floating bed floating body; 4-planting basket; 5-aquatic plants; 6-a fountain pump; 7-connecting a pipeline; 8-a spray head; 9-LED fountain lamps; 10-nylon cord; 11-stainless steel anchor; 12-a scaffold platform; 13-a solar power panel; 14-solar storage battery; 15-an inverter; 16-a time-controlled switch; 21-fixing the bolt; 31-planting holes; 32-air holes; 41-an internal frame; 42-HDPE tub walls; 43-nylon filter membrane; 44-surface mesh; 45-ceramsite layer; 46-biochar-vermiculite layer; 47-biochemical cotton; 441-frame; 442-mesh.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed of the invention is shown in a front cross section view in figure 1, and comprises a floating bed floating body 3, wherein 5 planting holes 31 are arranged on the floating bed floating body 3, a planting basket 4 is arranged in each planting hole 31, nylon filter membranes 43 with the aperture of 0.45 mu m are arranged at the lower side and the bottom of the inner wall of the planting basket 4, the nylon filter membranes 43 are arranged in the planting baskets 4 with the height of 5cm, and the planting baskets 4 are filled with matrixes and planted with aquatic plants 5 inoculated with AMF. The bottom of the planting basket 4 is provided with a biochar-vermiculite layer 46 with the thickness of 5cm, and the biochar-vermiculite layer is formed by mixing biochar and vermiculite according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, the biochar is prepared by thermally cracking rice straws at high temperature in an oxygen-isolated environment and then sieving the thermally cracked rice straws with a 2mm sieve, wherein the surface micropore diameter is less than 16 mu m, and the particle size of vermiculite is 2-4 mm. A ceramsite layer 45 with the thickness of 3cm is arranged on the biochar-vermiculite layer 46, and the particle size of the ceramsite in the ceramsite layer is 2-3 cm.
The surface grid 44 is arranged on the ceramsite layer 45, the surface grid 44 is made of stainless steel, a partial schematic view of the surface grid is shown in fig. 5, and the surface grid comprises a frame 441 and a grid 442, wherein the grid 442 is of a net structure, and the aperture is 2 cm. The periphery and the bottom of the ceramsite layer 45 and the biochar-vermiculite layer 46 are wrapped by biochemical cotton 47 with the thickness of 2 cm.
A certain amount of AMF microbial inoculum is added into the biochar-vermiculite layer 46, the AMF microbial inoculum is obtained by mixing Moxisocystus moschatus (Fm), Neurospora rhizospora (Ri) and Neurospora subterminale (Ce) microbial inoculants purchased from the institute of plant nutrition and resource of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of Beijing, using corn or clover as a host in a constant-temperature incubator at 12h and 25 ℃ day and night, and using a sterilized mixture (volume ratio is 5:2:3) of river sand, humus and vermiculite as a culture medium for propagation for three months, wherein the microbial inocula comprise three AMF propagules (spores, hyphae and root segments of infected plants) and the culture medium. In order to rapidly form the symbiotic system of AMF and aquatic plants, the condition that the density of AMF spores in the planting basket is more than 5/g needs to be met, and the density of AMF spores in the planting basket is 10/g in the embodiment.
Planting of the aquatic plants 5: the planting density of canna in the planting basket 4 is 25 plants/m2The culture density of the reeds is 40 plants/m2In the plant planting process, according to different classification arrangement of plant varieties, seedlings with the plant height of 10-20cm are selected for planting, the planting time is within the growth period of the plants, and the plants need to be mowed or cleaned for re-planting in the withering period.
The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed further comprises an external floating ring 1, a floating bed frame 2, a fountain assembly and a solar power supply assembly, the top view of the mycorrhizal ecological floating bed is shown in figure 2, the mycorrhizal ecological floating bed is in contact with landscape water, the floating bed frame is a rectangular PVC frame with the thickness of 0.52m multiplied by 0.52m, the wall thickness is 2cm, a floating bed floating body 3 with the thickness of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m is arranged on the bottom surface of the floating bed frame 2 and hooped around the floating bed floating body 3, 4 air holes 32 are distributed in the floating bed floating body 3, oxygenation of water under the floating bed is facilitated, 5 circular planting holes 31 with the diameter of 15cm are arranged inside the floating bed floating body 3, and planting baskets 4 are arranged on the planting holes 31.
Fig. 3 shows an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1, the outer float ring 1 is a square ring structure with an inner ring of 0.52m × 0.52m and an outer ring of 0.7m × 0.7m, and the float ring outer shell is made of HDPE material and is filled with polystyrene foam. The outside floating ring 1 wraps up outside the floating bed floating body 3 and is connected with the floating bed frame 2 through the fixing bolt 21, buoyancy is provided for the whole floating bed, the periphery of the outside floating ring 1 is provided with bolt ports, and the connection between the floating beds is carried out in a nylon rope bolting mode.
Partial schematic view of the planting basket is shown in fig. 4, wherein the inner frame 41 of the planting basket 4 is provided with a nylon filter membrane 43 around a biochar-vermiculite layer 46 (including the basin bottom), and the rest of the frame is provided with a HDPE basin wall 42.
The fountain component is arranged at the bottom of lake water and comprises a fountain pump 6, a connecting pipeline 7, a spray head 8, an LED fountain lamp 9 and a support platform 12, the solar power supply component comprises a solar power generation panel 13, a solar storage battery 14, an inverter 15 and a time control switch 16, and the anchoring device comprises a nylon rope 10 and a stainless steel anchor 11. The fountain component is arranged at the central position of the ecological floating bed.
The fountain connecting pipeline 7 in the fountain component is made of galvanized pipes or stainless steel pipes, and the selection and collocation of the spray heads 8 need to be comprehensively considered according to the water mist coverage range and the ornamental value and are one or more of direct current spray heads, mist spray heads, flower column spray heads, rotary spray heads, flat nozzle spray heads, fan-shaped spray heads, fountain spray heads, firework spray heads and the like. The fountain pump of the embodiment has the specification of 100W-220V, the lift of 4m and the flow of 4500L/h; the fountain connecting pipeline 7 is made of a stainless steel pipe with the pipe diameter of 25 mm; the spray head 8 is a firework spray head LH25, and the spraying diameter of the spray head can reach 3 m; the LED fountain lamp 9 is arranged at the bottom of lake water and arranged around the fountain pump 6, and the specification of the fountain lamp 9 is 6W-24V. In order to ensure that the sediment at the bottom of the lake cannot influence the normal operation of the fountain pump and the LED fountain lamps, the fountain pump 6 and the LED fountain lamps 9 are placed on a stainless steel support platform 12, the support platform 12 is fixed on the lake bed, and the height of the platform is 0.5 m.
The solar power supply assembly comprises a solar power generation panel 13, a solar storage battery 14, an inverter 15 and a time control switch 16, and is arranged on the floating bed floating body 3 to provide electric energy for fountain and LED lamps around. The solar power generation panel 13 is a monocrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic panel, the size is 3m multiplied by 2m multiplied by 0.05m, and the output power is 1000W; the solar storage battery 14 is 12V-300AH in specification. In the daytime, the solar panel 13 absorbs natural light, converts solar energy into electric energy to be stored in the storage battery 14, and under the action of the time control switch 16, the solar panel is set to 11 at noon: 00-1: 00 is the starting time of the fountain pump 6, and an intermittent starting mode is adopted; at night, under the action of the time control switch 16, setting 18 th: 00-21: 00 is the starting time of the fountain pump 6 and the LED lamp 9, which can not only meet the requirement of a large amount of oxygen for the respiration of plant microorganisms, but also form beautiful night scenes on water.
The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for small lake water purification and landscaping further comprises an anchoring device, the anchoring device is composed of nylon ropes 10 and stainless steel anchors 11, the stainless steel anchors 11 are connected to the lower portion of the external floating ring 1 through the nylon ropes 10 and are uniformly arranged at four corners, the underwater bottom mud is deeply inserted into the floating bed, the floating bed is guaranteed not to be blown away by wind waves, and the ecological floating bed is made to have higher stability.
Fig. 6 shows a plan layout of the floating bed system of this embodiment. The center of the floating bed system is provided with 1 large floating plate of 5m multiplied by 5m, and two solar power supply sets are carried on the floating bed system to supply power for fountain pumps and LED fountain lamps at the periphery. The distance between the floating bed group at the innermost circle and the center of the large floating plate is 4m, the number of the floating bed groups at the outermost circle is 24, the distance between the floating bed group at the outermost circle and the center of the large floating plate is 6m, the number of the floating bed groups at the outermost circle is 40, and the distance between the floating bed group at the middle circle and the center of the large floating plate is 5m, and the number of. The floating bed in the middle circle is provided with 1 group of fountain assemblies at intervals of 1 floating plate, 16 groups of fountain assemblies are arranged, planting baskets are not placed in planting holes in the centers of the floating plates with the fountain assemblies, a spray head conveniently penetrates out of the planting holes, the spraying diameter of the spray head is 3m, and all the floating beds are all under the spraying coverage range.
Taking a small artificial lake in a certain community of Wuhan as an example, four areas with equivalent areas are divided by damming, and each area is 500m2Depth of water 2m and water quantity 1000m3And four ways are respectively adopted to carry out water body restoration: (1) the traditional ecological floating bed treatment only depends on the direct absorption of floating bed plants and the decomposition and mineralization of plant root microorganisms to treat pollutants, does not add AMF microbial inoculum, and does not set 0.45 mu m nylonFiltering the membrane without opening the fountain; (2) adding an AMF microbial inoculum into the biochar-vermiculite layer, and performing combined treatment of a floating bed and AMF; (3) adding an AMF microbial inoculum into the biochar-vermiculite layer, and arranging a nylon filter membrane of 0.45 mu m and a floating bed, AMF and a nylon filter membrane of 0.45 mu m for combined treatment; (4) adding an AMF microbial inoculum into the biochar-vermiculite layer, setting a 0.45-micron nylon filter membrane, starting a fountain pump according to a specified time, and completing combined treatment of upper water inflow and drop oxygenation, wherein a floating bed, the AMF, the 0.45-micron nylon filter membrane and the upper water inflow and drop oxygenation; the water body restoration time is 3 months. The remaining conditions remained consistent.
Comparison of four treatment regimes for permanganate index (COD)Mn) The water purification effect of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the change of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in water, the results are shown in the following table 1; comparing the formation conditions of the AMF mycorrhiza symbionts in the four treatment modes, and obtaining results shown in the following table 2; comparing the growth conditions of the floating bed plants under the four treatment modes, taking basic plant indexes such as plant height, root length, ground diameter, biomass, survival rate and the like as references, and obtaining results shown in the following table 3; comparing the tolerance of the floating bed plants under the four treatment modes, the content of permeation regulating substances (soluble protein and soluble sugar) in the root tissues of the plants is taken as a reference, and the result is shown in the following table 4.
TABLE 1 COD in water after 3 months of artificial lake water body remediation by four treatment methodsMnNitrogen, phosphorus variations
TABLE 2 infection of plant roots by AMF in four treatment modes
TABLE 3 growth of plants on floating bed in four treatment modes
TABLE 4 content of osmoregulation substances (soluble protein, soluble sugar) in root tissue of floating bed plant under four treatment modes
As shown in Table 1, COD in lakes by the mycorrhizal ecological floating bed of the present inventionMnAnd pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like can be efficiently removed, and the DO content is effectively recovered.
As shown in Table 2, the formation of mycorrhiza symbiota at the root of the floating-bed plants is effectively promoted by the water-drop aeration of the central fountain and the interception of the 0.45-micron nylon filter membrane in the planting basket on the AMF propagules.
As shown in Table 3, the floating bed in the mycorrhizal ecological floating bed of the invention has good plant growth condition, and compared with the traditional ecological floating bed, the plant is higher, bigger and stronger, and the survival rate is higher.
As shown in Table 4, after infecting the root system of the floating bed plant, the AMF added in the invention adjusts the osmotic balance in the root tissue and improves the tolerance of the floating bed plant by increasing the content of the osmotic adjusting substances (soluble protein and soluble sugar) in the root tissue.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, equivalents, and improvements may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for purifying water and landscaping in small lake includes floating bed body and planting baskets, the floating bed body has several planting holes, the planting baskets are set inside the planting holes in the floating bed body, nylon filtering membranes with 0.45 micron pore size are set on the lower side and bottom of the planting basket inner wall, and the planting baskets are filled with matrix and planted with AMF inoculated aquatic plant.
2. The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for purifying water and landscaping of a small lake of claim 1, wherein the substrate in the planting basket is divided into two layers, the lower layer is a biochar-vermiculite layer with a thickness of 5-8cm, and the upper layer is a ceramsite layer with a thickness of 3-5 cm.
3. The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for purifying water and landscaping in a small lake according to claim 2, wherein the grain size of the ceramsite in the ceramsite layer is 2-3cm, and the biochar-vermiculite layer is formed by mixing biochar and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of 1: 10, wherein the biochar is prepared by thermally cracking agricultural and forestry waste at high temperature in an oxygen-isolated environment and then sieving the thermally cracked biochar with a 2mm sieve, the aperture is less than 16 mu m, and the particle size of vermiculite is 2-4 mm.
4. The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for purifying water and landscaping of a small lake of claim 2, wherein the outer periphery of the ceramsite layer and the outer periphery and bottom of the biochar-vermiculite layer are wrapped by biochemical cotton with a thickness of 2 cm.
5. The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for purifying water and landscaping in a small lake, according to claim 2, is characterized in that an AMF microbial inoculum is added into the biochar-vermiculite layer, the AMF microbial inoculum is obtained by mixing Muscostalotilus mossambica, Neurospora radicata and Cuminum larvayi, using corn or clover as a host in a constant-temperature incubator at 12h and 25 ℃ day and night and using a mixture of sterilized river sand, humus soil and vermiculite as a culture medium for propagation for three months, and the microbial inoculum comprises propagules and culture media of three AMFs.
6. The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for small lake water purification and landscaping according to claim 1, wherein the aquatic plant comprises reed, canna, windmill grass and water hyacinth.
7. The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for small lake water purification and landscaping according to claim 1, further comprising an external floating ring and a floating bed frame.
8. The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for small lake water purification and landscaping of claim 1, further comprising a fountain assembly, the fountain assembly is arranged at the bottom of lake water and comprises a fountain pump, a connecting pipe, a spray head, an LED fountain lamp and a support platform.
9. The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for small lake water purification and landscaping as claimed in claim 1, further comprising anchoring means for fixing the floating bed floating body on the water surface.
10. The mycorrhizal ecological floating bed suitable for small lake water purification and landscaping according to claim 1, further comprising a solar power supply assembly.
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