CN112385462B

CN112385462B - Method for culturing young branch grafted seedlings by using premature macadimia nuts

Info

Publication number: CN112385462B
Application number: CN202011017894.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王文林; 陈海生; 郑树芳; 谭秋锦; 覃振师; 黄锡云; 张涛; 韦哲君; 汤秀华; 贺鹏
Original assignee: Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute
Current assignee: Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute
Priority date: 2020-09-24
Filing date: 2020-09-24
Publication date: 2022-10-14
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-24
Also published as: CN112385462A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for culturing a young branch grafted seedling by using premature macadimia nuts, and relates to the technical field of macadimia nut cultivation. Putting the nuts of the premature macadimia nuts on a sand bed for accelerating germination, and after the seeds germinate, taking the seeds as stocks when stems of the seeds grow to the height of 5-10cm to prepare for carrying out bud grafting on new macadimia nuts; the shoots begin to appear 4 months after grafting, the seedlings can be transplanted out of the nursery after two shoots appear, the seedlings grow up in 1.5 years, and fruit bearing planting is realized. Comprehensively utilizes the premature macadimia nut seed resources, realizes the purpose of high breeding efficiency of new species, shortens the breeding time and saves the cost.

Description

Method for culturing young branch grafted seedlings by using premature macadamia nut

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of macadimia nut cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating young branch grafted seedlings by using premature macadimia nuts.

Background

Macadamia nut is a woody plant which is difficult to grow by tissue culture rooting. The normal maturation period of the macadimia nuts is 9-10 months, but fruits drop in 7-8 months due to natural reasons such as typhoon and the like before the maturation period, namely the macadimia nuts are premature, and the dropped fruits are 7-8 mature and cannot be sold as commodities, but the dropped fruits cause waste of fruit resources. Particularly, aiming at breeding new varieties, the new varieties are expensive to introduce and have less resources, and the method can accelerate the breeding of the new varieties.

The traditional twig grafting is also called green branch grafting, which is a method for grafting a semi-lignified stock young shoot with a current-year semi-lignified young shoot or an auxiliary shoot as a scion; has the advantages of long grafting time, high propagation speed and the like, so that the twig grafting is applied to various fruit trees. However, the growth period of the newly grown branches is too short, the lignification degree is low, the phenomena of freezing injury and strip drawing in winter are caused, normal overwintering survival cannot be realized, and the grafting failure is caused. The Chinese patent publication No. CN109076807A discloses a method for increasing the survival rate of tender branch grafting of jujube trees, which comprises using semi-lignified developed branches of jujube trees as scions, carrying out wax sealing treatment on the scions, grafting the scions on hard branches, and enabling the survival rate after grafting to reach more than 90%.

The traditional twig grafting has low survival rate and long growth period, and is difficult to realize the purpose of rapid propagation. Therefore, there is a need to develop a grafting method that can make full use of macadamia nuts produced prematurely and has high propagation efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for culturing young branch grafted seedlings by using premature macadamia nuts, which comprehensively utilizes the premature macadamia nuts as seed resources to culture new varieties, can accelerate the culture of the new varieties, shorten the culture time, save the cost and have high seedling culture efficiency.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for culturing young branch grafted seedlings by utilizing premature macadimia nuts comprises the following steps:

(1) Peeling and shelling the premature macadimia nuts, and then dividing the nuts into 1-4 parts to obtain seed embryos for later use;

(2) Sterilizing the matrix on the sand bed, applying a mixed medicament into the sand bed, uniformly mixing, and spraying water until the matrix is wetted for later use;

(3) Putting the seed embryo into a sand bed for germination acceleration, starting germination of the seed embryo, and taking the seed embryo as a stock when a stem of the seed embryo grows to a height of 5-10cm to prepare for bud grafting;

(4) The grafting bud used for bud grafting is selected from tender buds without lignification on the new variety of macadamia nut trees; grafting the grafting buds to the stocks in the step (3), and wrapping grafting openings with films to obtain grafted seedlings;

(5) And (3) starting to shoot 4 months after grafting, and after two shoots come out and the height of the grafted seedling is 50-60 cm, the grafted seedling can be outplanted and transplanted to a field for field planting.

Further, the premature macadamia nuts in the step (1) are 7-8 mature fruit drops, and have complete skins and no insect damage or mechanical damage.

Further, the kernel segmentation in the step (1) is as follows: the nutlet is cleaned, sterilized and then cut in an aseptic environment.

Further, the sterilizing is: nutlet is put into 1100-1200 times of liquid diluted by 40 percent dimetachlone wettable powder to be soaked for 30-60 min, then put into 1400-1500 times of liquid diluted by 50 percent triflumizole to be soaked for 20-50 min, and then seeds are cleaned by sterile water for 2-3 times and then naturally aired for standby.

Further, the embryo of each embryo in the step (1) is reserved.

Further, the mixed medicament in the step (2) is any one of 70% hymexazol wettable powder, 72% cymoxanil manganese zinc wettable powder, 6-benzyl adenine and indolebutyric acid or a combination of any proportion; the dosage of the mixed medicament is 0.0004 to 0.0006 percent of the weight of the substrate.

Further, the mass ratio of the 70% hymexazol wettable powder to the 72% cymoxanil manganese zinc wettable powder to the 6-benzyladenine to the indolebutyric acid is 1-2.

Further, the seed embryos in the step (3) are placed in a sand bed for sowing with the plant spacing of 20-25 cm multiplied by 20-25 cm.

Further, the grafting buds in the step (4) are selected from branches at the periphery of crowns of healthy, high-yield and disease and insect pest-free fruit trees, and the length of the grafting buds is 1-3 cm. The fruit tree varieties of the grafted bud comprise Guire No. 1, nelmak2 in south Africa, EMB-2 in Kenya, KMB-25, yonik in Israel, and PA39 and GT207 bred in New Zealand.

Further, the relative humidity of the grafted planting environment is kept between 85 and 92 percent, the temperature is kept between 25 and 28 ℃, and the humidity is kept by applying nutrient solution for 1 to 2 times every day; the nutrient solution is 1000-1100 times diluted by 50% thiophanate methyl and is a microelement fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.02-0.03%.

The raw materials used in the invention are as follows: 40% dimetachlone wettable powder, 50% triflumizole, 70% hymexazol wettable powder, 72% cymoxanil manganese zinc wettable powder, 6-benzyladenine, indolebutyric acid, 50% thiophanate methyl and trace element fertilizer are all purchased from fertilizer companies at home and abroad and can be directly utilized.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the premature macadimia nuts are used as seed resources to cultivate new varieties, so that the cultivation of the new varieties can be accelerated, the cultivation time can be shortened, the cost can be saved, and the seedling raising efficiency is high; by sterilizing the seed embryo and sequentially soaking and sterilizing the seed embryo in 40% dimetachlone wettable powder and 50% triflumizole, the method not only can safely sterilize and activate the seed embryo, but also can improve the survival rate of cultivation and further improve the seedling raising efficiency.

2. The method has short pregermination time, can sprout in 6-7 days and take root in 12-15 days, the survival rate of the root can reach 98.5 percent, the bud can grow rapidly after pregermination, and the bud can grow to a height of 5-10cm within 2 months after planting, thereby meeting the grafting conditions of the invention; the traditional method needs 30-40 days for budding and about 2 months for rooting. The germination accelerating method can accelerate germination successfully only in a short time and achieves grafting conditions.

3. According to the germination accelerating method, a mixed medicament is applied to a sand bed, wherein the mixed medicament is 70% hymexazol wettable powder, 72% cymoxanil manganese zinc wettable powder, 6-benzyl adenine and indolebutyric acid; the mixed medicament is absorbed by root systems, is quickly conducted in vivo, enters plant bodies to kill germs, can interact with trace elements in a matrix, and has better sterilization effect; the seedling culture medium can also promote photosynthesis of leaves, prevent excessive growth of seedlings, promote root growth, enable the seedlings to differentiate flower buds in advance, enable the seedlings to be more robust, achieve the purposes of sterilization and deinsectization on the basis of not damaging seed embryos and buds, provide nutrient substances for the growth of the buds, greatly improve the sprouting and rooting efficiency, and further shorten the culture time of new varieties.

4. Grafting is completed by grafting a grafting bud of a new variety, and after-grafting management is reasonably and scientifically carried out, grafted seedlings can leave a nursery within 8 months, and fruiting can be realized after about 1.5 years of cultivation; the method is an effect which cannot be realized by the traditional method, and the grafted seedlings can only be transplanted in 1.5-2 years of cultivation. The method is characterized in that the seed treatment, the germination accelerating process and the grafting management are reasonably designed, the young grafted seedlings of new varieties are finally cultivated according to the characteristics of the fruits of the macadimia nuts which are premature, and the short-term and high-efficiency cultivation can be realized only by matching the technical key points.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of embryos at days 2, 7, 10 and 14 after pregermination in example 1 of the present invention; (the embryos of days 2, 7, 10 and 14 are shown from left to right in the figure).

FIG. 2 is a photograph when the stems grow to a height of 10cm after rooting in example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a photograph of example 1 of the present invention prepared for rootstock pruning.

FIG. 4 is a photograph of grafted buds grafted to a rootstock according to example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a photograph after grafting according to example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a photograph showing that the grafted seedling of example 1 of the present invention is grown to a height of 52 cm.

FIG. 7 is a photograph of a seed embryo which rooted 15 days after pregermination in example 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a photograph when the stems grow to a height of 8cm after rooting in example 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a photograph of a seed embryo budded 7 days after pregermination in example 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a photograph when the stems are grown to a height of 9cm after rooting in example 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Example 1

(1) The selected premature macadimia nuts are 8 mature natural dropped fruits with complete skins and no insect damage or mechanical damage, and after peeling and husking the premature macadimia nuts, the nuts are cleaned and disinfected to obtain seed embryos for later use; the disinfection is that nutlet is sequentially put into 1200 times of diluted liquid of 40 percent dimetachlone wettable powder for soaking for 30min, then put into 1500 times of diluted liquid of 50 percent triflumizole for soaking for 50min, and then the seeds are cleaned by sterile water for 2 times and naturally aired for standby;

(2) Sterilizing the matrix on the sand bed, applying a mixed medicament into the sand bed, uniformly mixing, and spraying water until the matrix is wetted for later use; the mixed medicament is a combination of 70% hymexazol wettable powder, 72% cymoxanil manganese zinc wettable powder, 6-benzyladenine and indolebutyric acid according to the mass ratio of 1; the dosage of the mixed medicament is 0.0004 percent of the weight of the matrix;

(3) Putting the seed embryos into a sand bed at a plant spacing of 20cm multiplied by 20cm for accelerating germination, starting the seed embryos to germinate (figure 1), and taking the seed embryos as rootstocks (figure 3) when stems grow to a height of 10cm (figure 2) to prepare for budding;

(4) The grafting bud used for bud grafting is selected from tender buds without lignification of branches at the periphery of the crown of a new variety, namely a No. 1 macadimia nut fruit tree, of a strong and high-yield fruit tree without plant diseases and insect pests; the length of the grafting bud is 3cm; grafting the grafting bud to the stock in the step (3) (figure 4), and wrapping a grafting opening with a film to obtain a grafted seedling (figure 5);

(5) The relative humidity of the grafted planting environment is kept at 85 percent, the temperature is 25 ℃, and the humidity is kept by applying nutrient solution for 1 time every day; the nutrient solution is 1000 times diluted solution of 50% thiophanate methyl and microelement fertilizer with mass concentration of 0.02%; and (3) starting to shoot 4 months after grafting, and after two shoots are produced and the height of the grafted seedling is 52cm, the grafted seedling can be outplanted and transplanted to a field for field planting (figure 6).

FIG. 1 is a photograph of embryos at days 2, 7, 10 and 14 after pregermination in example 1 of the present invention; as can be seen from FIG. 1, germination started on day 7 and rooted on day 14.

Example 2

A method for culturing young grafted seedlings by using premature macadamia nuts comprises the following steps:

(1) The selected premature macadimia nuts are 8 mature natural fruit drops, the surface is complete, no insect damage exists, and no mechanical damage exists, the fruit peels and the shells of the premature macadimia nuts are removed, the fruit kernels are cleaned and disinfected, the fruit kernels are divided in an aseptic environment, each fruit kernel is divided into 2 parts, and the embryo is reserved for each part; the disinfection is that nutlet is sequentially put into 1150 times of diluted liquid of 40 percent dimetachlone wettable powder for soaking for 50min, then put into 1450 times of diluted liquid of 50 percent triflumizole for soaking for 30min, and then seeds are washed by sterile water for 3 times and naturally aired for standby;

(2) Sterilizing the matrix on the sand bed, applying a mixed medicament into the sand bed, uniformly mixing, and spraying water until the matrix is wetted for later use; the mixed medicament is a combination of 70% hymexazol wettable powder, 72% cymoxanil manganese zinc wettable powder, 6-benzyl adenine and indolebutyric acid according to the mass ratio of 1.5; the amount of the mixed medicament is 0.0005% by weight of the matrix;

(3) Putting the seed embryos into a sand bed at a plant spacing of 22cm multiplied by 22cm for accelerating germination, starting the seed embryos to germinate (figure 7), and taking the seed embryos as rootstocks to prepare for budding when stems of the seed embryos grow to a height of 8cm (figure 8);

(4) The grafting bud used for bud grafting is selected from tender buds without lignification of peripheral branches of crown of Nelmak2 fruit trees of the new variety of fruit trees, namely Australian nut south Africa, which are strong, high in yield and free of diseases and insect pests; the length of the grafting bud is 2cm; grafting the grafting bud to the stock in the step (3), and wrapping a grafting port with a film to obtain a grafted seedling;

(5) Maintaining the relative humidity of the grafted planting environment at 90% and the temperature at 27 ℃, and maintaining the humidity by applying nutrient solution for 2 times every day; the nutrient solution is 1050 times diluted solution of 50% thiophanate methyl and a microelement fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.025%; and (4) starting to grow tips 4 months after grafting, and after two-crop tips are grown and the height of the grafted seedling is 55cm, the grafted seedling can be outplanted and transplanted to a field for field planting.

FIG. 8 is a photograph of a seed embryo which has rooted after pregermination in example 2 of the present invention.

Example 3

(1) The selected premature macadimia nuts are 7 mature natural dropped fruits with complete skins and no insect damage or mechanical damage, after peeling and husking the premature macadimia nuts, the nuts are cleaned and sterilized, and then the nuts are divided in an aseptic environment, each nut is divided into 4 parts, and the embryo is reserved for each part, so that the embryo is obtained for later use; the disinfection is that nutlet is sequentially put into 1100 times of diluted liquid of 40 percent dimetachlone wettable powder for soaking for 60min, then put into 1400 times of diluted liquid of 50 percent triflumizole for soaking for 20min, and then seeds are washed by sterile water for 3 times and naturally aired for standby;

(2) Sterilizing the matrix on the sand bed, applying a mixed medicament into the sand bed, uniformly mixing, and spraying water until the matrix is wetted for later use; the mixed medicament is a combination of 70% hymexazol wettable powder, 72% cymoxanil manganese zinc wettable powder, 6-benzyladenine and indolebutyric acid according to the mass ratio of 2; the dosage of the mixed medicament is 0.0006 percent of the weight of the matrix;

(3) Putting the seed embryos into a sand bed at a plant spacing of 25cm multiplied by 25cm for accelerating germination, starting the seed embryos to germinate (figure 9), and taking the seed embryos as rootstocks to prepare for budding when stems of the seed embryos grow to a height of 9cm (figure 10);

(4) The grafting bud used for bud grafting is selected from tender buds without lignification of peripheral branches of crowns of EMB-2 fruit trees of novel variety Australian nut Kenya of healthy, high-yield and disease and pest-free fruit trees; the length of the grafting bud is 1.5cm; grafting the grafting buds to the stocks in the step (3), and wrapping grafting openings with films to obtain grafted seedlings;

(5) Keeping the relative humidity of the grafted planting environment at 92% and the temperature at 28 ℃, and keeping the humidity by applying nutrient solution for 2 times every day; the nutrient solution is 1100 times diluted solution of 50% thiophanate methyl and a microelement fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.03%; and (3) starting to shoot 4 months after grafting, and after two shoots are produced and the height of the grafted seedling is 60cm, the grafted seedling can be outplanted and transplanted to a field for field planting.

FIG. 9 is a photograph of a seed embryo at the time of germination after pregermination in example 3 of the present invention.

Example 4

(1) The selected premature macadimia nuts are 7 mature natural dropped fruits with complete skins and no insect damage or mechanical damage, after peeling and husking the premature macadimia nuts, the nuts are cleaned and sterilized, and then the nuts are divided in an aseptic environment, each nut is divided into 2 parts, and the embryo is reserved for each part, so that the embryo is obtained for later use; the disinfection is that nutlet is sequentially put into 1200 times of diluted liquid of 40 percent dimetachlone wettable powder to be soaked for 40min, then put into 1500 times of diluted liquid of 50 percent triflumizole to be soaked for 40min, and then the seeds are cleaned by sterile water for 2 times and naturally aired for standby;

(2) Sterilizing the matrix on the sand bed, applying a mixed medicament into the sand bed, uniformly mixing, and spraying water until the matrix is wetted for later use; the mixed medicament is 70% hymexazol wettable powder; the dosage of the mixed medicament is 0.0004 percent of the weight of the matrix;

(3) Putting the seed embryos into a sand bed at a plant spacing of 25cm multiplied by 25cm for accelerating germination, starting the seed embryos to germinate, and taking the seed embryos as stocks when stems of the seed embryos grow to a height of 5cm for preparing for bud grafting;

(4) The grafting bud used for bud grafting is selected from non-lignified tender buds of peripheral branches of crowns of PA39 fruit trees bred by novel macadimia nuts, which are strong, high-yield and disease-free and pest-free fruit tree varieties; the length of the grafting bud is 1cm; grafting the grafting bud to the stock in the step (3), and wrapping a grafting port with a film to obtain a grafted seedling;

(5) Maintaining the relative humidity of the grafted planting environment at 88% and the temperature at 26 ℃, and maintaining the humidity by applying nutrient solution for 1 time every day; the nutrient solution is 1000 times diluted solution of 50% thiophanate methyl and a microelement fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.02%; and (3) starting to shoot 4 months after grafting, and after two shoots are produced and the height of the grafted seedling is 50cm, the grafted seedling can be outplanted and transplanted to a field for field planting.

Comparative example 1

The difference from example 1 is that: the nutlets were not sterilized and no mixed drug was added to the sand bed.

Comparative example 2

The traditional method comprises the following steps: the natural achievements of the macadamia nuts are selected as seeds to cultivate rootstock seedlings, the time for sprouting and rooting of the macadamia nuts is recorded, new species can be budded when the diameter rods grow to 5-10cm, conventional management is carried out until fruits are hung, and the time for outplanting and fruiting is recorded.

The growth times at each stage of examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 are recorded in table 1, including the germination, rooting, outplanting, fruiting times.

TABLE 1

Table 1 shows the growth times at the various stages of examples 1 to 4 in comparison with comparative examples 1 to 2. As can be seen from Table 1, compared with comparative examples 1-2, the growth time of examples 1-4 in each stage is greatly shortened, the germination rate reaches 98.5% at most, which is much higher than that of comparative examples 1-2, and especially the nursery time is saved by more than one year, which indicates that the planting method is much better than the traditional planting method, and the breeding method can improve the seedling raising efficiency and is beneficial to rapid implementation of scientific research experiments.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for culturing young branch grafted seedlings by utilizing premature macadimia nuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Peeling and husking premature macadimia nuts, cleaning and disinfecting the nuts, and dividing the nuts in a sterile environment to divide each nut into 1-4 parts to obtain seed embryos for later use;

the premature macadimia nuts are 7-8 mature fruit drops, complete in skin, free of insect damage and mechanical damage;

the disinfection is as follows: putting the nutlet into 1100-1200 times of diluted wettable powder of 40% dimetachlone for soaking for 30-60 min, then putting into 1400-1500 times of diluted solution of 50% triflumizole for soaking for 20-50 min, washing the seeds for 2-3 times by using sterile water, and naturally airing for later use;

the mixed medicament is prepared by mixing 70% hymexazol wettable powder, 72% cymoxanil manganese zinc wettable powder, 6-benzyl adenine and indolebutyric acid according to the mass ratio of 1-2; the dosage of the mixed medicament is 0.0004 to 0.0006 percent of the weight of the substrate;

(3) Putting the seed embryo into a sand bed for accelerating germination, starting germination of the seed embryo, and taking the seed embryo as a stock when a stem grows to a height of 5-10cm to prepare for budding;

(4) The grafting bud used for bud grafting is selected from tender buds without lignification on the new variety of macadamia nut trees; grafting the grafting bud to the stock in the step (3), and wrapping a grafting port with a film to obtain a grafted seedling;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein each embryo of step (1) retains an embryo.

3. The method for cultivating young grafted seedlings of premature macadimia nuts according to claim 1, wherein the seed embryos of step (3) are placed in a sand bed for sowing at a plant-row spacing of 20-25 cm x 20-25 cm.

4. The method for cultivating young grafted seedlings of macadimia nuts premature according to claim 1, wherein the grafting buds in the step (4) are selected from peripheral branches of crowns of robust, high-yield and pest-free fruit trees, and the length of the grafting buds is 1-3 cm.

5. The method for cultivating young grafted seedlings of premature macadimia nuts according to claim 1, wherein the relative humidity of the grafted planting environment is kept between 85 ℃ and 92%, the temperature is kept between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃, and the humidity is kept by applying nutrient solution for 1-2 times a day; the nutrient solution is a 1000-1100 times diluted solution of 50% thiophanate methyl and a trace element fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.02-0.03%.