CN112375071A - 一种有机发光化合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种有机发光化合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN112375071A
CN112375071A CN202011294741.7A CN202011294741A CN112375071A CN 112375071 A CN112375071 A CN 112375071A CN 202011294741 A CN202011294741 A CN 202011294741A CN 112375071 A CN112375071 A CN 112375071A
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CN112375071B (zh
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汪康
王永光
张雪
刘静
顾鑫
李金磊
马晓宇
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Jilin Optical and Electronic Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了有机发光化合物及其制备方法与应用,属于有机光电材料制备及应用领域。本发明公开的有机发光化合物具有下示结构:

Description

一种有机发光化合物及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机光电材料制备及应用领域,涉及一种有机发光化合物及其制备方法与含有该有机发光化合物的有机电致发光器件。
背景技术
随着当今社会的不断发展和科学技术的日新月异,信息技术在人类生活和生产工作中已经成为一个不可或缺的组成部分。而作为人-机交互中重要的组成接口,显示技术也在不断发展中取得了一个又一个的突破。特别是在近年来,随着智能设备的快速发展以及人们对显示效果越来越高的需求,显示设备也向着多功能和数字化方向不断进化。有机发光二极管(OLED)作为新一代的显示技术,拥有液晶平板显示器所无可比拟的优势:自发光、广视角(达175℃以上)、柔性显示、响应快、超薄化设计(厚度可小于1mm)、低工作电压(3~10V)等,因此在显示领域的地位日趋重要。
通常,OLED发光器件由空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、电子传输层和电子注入层组成,其中空穴传输层(HTL)负责调节空穴的注入速度和注入量,电子传输层(ETL)负责调节电子的注入速度和注入量。电子传输材料在OLED中起着极为重要的作用,电子传输材料通常具有较低的LUMO能级,且一般含有吸电子基团,如卤素、吡啶、三嗪、三唑、羟基等,以利于得到电子、传输电子。且作为电子传输材料应该具有较高的电子亲和能、较低的LUMO能级及分子内存在吸电子基团与较小的库仑作用力。常见的有机电子传输材料有蒽唑类,四氰基苯醌二甲烷(TCNQ)、菲啰啉、三硝基芴酮(TNF)、萘类、苯卟啉配合物以及稀土配合物等。
相对于空穴传输材料而言,电子传输材料的种类较少,电荷传输性能也相对较差(如迁移率低,稳定性差等)。然而,电子迁移率高的传输材料可以增加激子形成的概率,减少器件中由于空穴数量过剩导致空穴通过器件内部传输到阴极而形成的漏电流,以最终提高器件发光亮度和效率。因此,开发一种具有优异性能的电子传输材料在有机电致发光器件中的研究显得尤为重要。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的是针对现有技术中存在的问题,提供一种可作为有机电致发光器件电子传输材料的有机发光化合物,该化合物既能提高器件的发光效率,又能延长器件的使用寿命,适于市面推广与应用。
本发明提供一种有机发光化合物,所述有机发光化合物的结构通式如下所示:
Figure BDA0002785032890000021
其中,Ar1为取代或未取代的3元~18元杂芳基、取代或未取代的C6~C10芳基;
Ar2为氢、氘、取代或未取代的C1~C18烷基、取代或未取代的C2~C18烯基、取代或未取代的C2~C18炔基、取代或未取代的C1~C10烷氧基、取代或未取代的C3~C18环烷基、取代或未取代的C6~C60芳基、取代或未取代的3元~10元杂芳基、取代或未取代的C10~C60稠环基、取代或未取代的C10~C60螺环基中的一种;
R2~R4为氢、氘、卤素、氰基、硝基、羟基、羧基、氨基、磺酸基、磺酰基、羰基、磷酸基、磷酰基、硅基、硼烷基、C1~C30烷基、C2~C30烯基、C2~C30炔基、C1~C30烷氧基、C3~C30环烷基、3元~10元杂环烷基、C6~C60芳基、3元~10元杂芳基、C10~C60稠环基或C10~C60螺环基;
R5~R8为氢、与相邻的基团相互连接形成单环或多环(C3-C30)脂肪族环、与相邻的基团相互连接形成单环或多环(3元-20元)芳香族环中的一种。
优选的,所述Ar2选自苯基、甲基苯基、嘧啶、三嗪、联苯基、氰基、吡啶、萘、蒽、螺、芴、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩、芳氧基、苯并吡啶及其衍生物。
优选的,所述R5~R8上的碳原子可替换为杂原子,且所述杂原子至少包括氮、氧、硫或硅。
需要说明的是,上述描述中,“经取代或未取代的”意指被选自以下的一个、两个或更多个取代基取代:
所述取代基至少为氘、卤基、腈基、羟基、羰基、酯基、甲硅烷基、硼基、经取代或未经取代的烷基、经取代或未经取代的环烷基、经取代或未经取代的烷氧基、经取代或未经取代的烯基、经取代或未经取代的烷基胺基、经取代或未经取代的杂环基胺基、经取代或未经取代的芳基胺基、经取代或未经取代的芳基、经取代或未经取代的杂环基中的一种;
或者被以上所示的取代基中的两个或更多个取代基相连接的取代基取代,或者不具有取代基。例如,“两个或更多个取代基相连接的取代基”可以包括联苯基。换言之,联苯基可以为芳基,或者可以解释为两个苯基相连接的取代基。
示范性的,所述有机发光化合物选自以下结构式中任意一种:
Figure BDA0002785032890000041
Figure BDA0002785032890000051
Figure BDA0002785032890000061
以上仅列举了一些具体的结构式,但本发明请求保护的系列有机发光化合物不局限上述分子结构,凡是本发明公开的基团及其取代位置的简单变换就可以得到其他具体的分子结构,在此不再一一赘述,且其均应落入本发明申请的保护范围。
本发明还提供上述有机发光化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在氮气保护下,将原料A-I、原料B-I、四(三苯基膦)钯和碳酸钾分别加入到甲苯、乙醇和水的混合溶液中,升温,搅拌反应,随后萃取、浓缩、回流,制备得到中间体C-I;
(2)在氮气保护下,将所述中间体C-I、原料D-I、四(三苯基膦)钯和碳酸钾分别加入到甲苯、乙醇和水的混合溶液中,升温,搅拌反应,随后萃取、浓缩、回流,制备得到如化学式I所示的有机发光化合物;
具体的,所述有机发光化合物的制备反应式如下:
Figure BDA0002785032890000071
优选的,所述原料A-I、原料B-I、四(三苯基膦)钯和碳酸钾的质量添加比为10:11:0.11:20,所述混合溶液中甲苯、乙醇和水的体积比为3:1:1。
优选的,所述搅拌反应的温度为110℃,搅拌反应的时间为8h。
更为优选的,本发明公开的一种有机发光化合物的制备方法具体步骤如下所述:
步骤1:在氮气保护下,将反应物A-I(1.0eq)、反应物B-I(1.1eq)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)(0.011eq)和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(2.0eq)分别加入到甲苯、乙醇和水组成的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃,搅拌反应8h;反应结束后,冷却至室温,接着将蒸馏水添加到滤液中并用二氯甲烷萃取,随后使用无水硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到固体有机物;待浓缩结束后向其中加入乙酸乙酯和乙醇加热至80℃回流,搅拌3h,抽滤,同时将得到的滤饼用石油醚淋洗,放入65℃烘箱干燥,置于甲苯中重结晶,即得到中间体C-I;
步骤2:在氮气保护下,将中间体C-I(1.0eq)、反应物D-I(1.1eq)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)(0.011eq)和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(2.0eq)分别加入到甲苯、乙醇和水组成的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃,搅拌反应8h;待反应结束后,冷却至室温,接着将蒸馏水添加到滤液中并用二氯甲烷萃取,随后使用无水硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到固体有机物;待浓缩结束后向其中加入乙酸乙酯和乙醇加热至80℃回流,搅拌3h,抽滤,同时将得到的滤饼用石油醚淋洗,放入65℃烘箱干燥,即得如化学式I所示的有机发光化合物。
以及本发明还请求保护上述有机发光化合物在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
具体地,所述有机发光化合物用于制备有机电致发光器件,包括:第一电极、第二电极和置于所述两电极之间的有机物层;
示范性的,所述有机发光化合物至少包含在空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层中的一层。且本发明公开制备的有机发光化合物可以是单一形态或与其它物质混合存在于有机物层中。
其中,第一电极作为阳极,阳极优选包含具有高逸出功的材料。一方面,对此合适的是具有高氧化还原电势的金属,例如Ag、Pt或Au;另一方面,也可以优选金属/金属氧化物电极(例如Al/Ni/NiOx、Al/PtOx)。本发明的阳极材料优选为导电混合金属氧化物,进一步优选为氧化锡铟(ITO)或氧化铟锌(IZO)。由于在水和/或空气存在下本发明器件的寿命会缩短,所以所述器件被适当地(取决于应用)结构化、提供接点并最后密封。
空穴传输材料是能够接收来自阳极或空穴注入层的空穴并将空穴传输至发光层的材料,且所述空穴传输材料为具有高空穴迁移率的材料,具体包括基于芳基胺的有机材料、导电聚合物、同时具有共轭部分和非共轭部分的嵌段共聚物等,但不限于此。
电子阻挡层可以设置在空穴传输层与发光层之间,且所述电子阻挡层可是本领域已知的材料,例如基于芳基胺的有机材料。
发光层的材料是一种通过分别接收来自空穴传输层和电子传输层的空穴和电子,并将所接收的空穴和电子结合而发出可见光的材料。所述发光层可包含主体材料和掺杂材料;且主体材料和掺杂材料的质量比为90-99.5:0.5-10;掺杂材料包括荧光掺杂和磷光掺杂。
发光层可以发射红色、绿色或蓝色的光,且所述发光层由磷光材料或荧光材料形成。发光材料是能够通过接收分别来自空穴传输层和电子传输层的空穴和电子并使空穴与电子结合而发出在可见光区域内的光的材料,且所述发光层材料优选为对荧光或磷光具有有利的量子效率的材料。
所述磷光掺杂材料为包括铱、铂等金属络合物的磷光材料。例如,可以使用Ir(ppy)3等绿色磷光材料,FIrpic、FIr6等蓝色磷光材料和Btp2Ir(acac)等红色磷光材料。且所述荧光掺杂材料为现有技术中公知的具有电子传输作用的化合物。
空穴阻挡层材料为现有技术中公知的具有空穴阻挡作用的化合物,例如,浴铜灵(BCP)等菲咯啉衍生物、噁唑衍生物、三唑衍生物、三嗪衍生物等,但不限于此。
当所述有机物层包括电子传输层时,所述电子传输层可包括如通式I所示的以联苯为母核的衍生物。
电子注入层可以起到促进电子注入的作用。具有传输电子的能力,防止发光层中产生的激子迁移至空穴注入层。本发明中使用的电子注入材料包括芴酮、蒽醌二甲烷、联苯醌、噻喃二氧化物、唑、二唑、三唑、咪唑、苝四羧酸、亚芴基甲烷、蒽酮等及其衍生物,金属配合物,含氮五元环衍生物等,但不限于此。
第二电极作为阴极,该层的层厚度优选在0.5和5nm之间;且本发明优选阴极材料为8-羟基喹啉锂(Liq)。
更进一步的,所述有机物层的电子传输层中含有本发明所述的有机发光化合物。
此外,本发明所述的有机电致发光器件可用于有机发光器件、有机太阳电池、电子纸、有机感光体或有机薄膜晶体管。
与现有技术相比,本发明公开了一种有机发光化合物及其制备方法与应用,具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明公开的有机发光化合物以联苯为母核且与苯连接成环,提高化合物的刚性,使得化合物稳定性增加,提高化合物的寿命。
(2)本发明通过采用吸电子的侧链进行修饰,提高了化合物的电子传输能力,且电子迁移率高的传输材料可以增加激子形成的概率,减少器件中由于空穴数量过剩导致空穴通过器件内部传输到阴极而形成的漏电流,以最终提高器件发光亮度和效率。
(3)本发明公开的发光化合物制备方法简单,合成路线较短,原料易得,得到的粗品容易提纯,可得到高纯度的发光辅助层材料,适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例公开了一种有机发光化合物,该材料可用于制备有机电致发光器件,既能够提高器件的发光效率,又能延长器件的使用寿命,适于推广与应用。
实施例1:化合物5的合成
1、在氮气保护下,将反应物A-5(50mmol)、反应物B-5(55mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)(0.55mmol)和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(100mmol)分别加入到150mL甲苯、50mL乙醇和50mL水组成的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃,搅拌反应8h;待反应结束后,冷却至室温,将150mL蒸馏水添加到滤液中并用150mL二氯甲烷萃取,随后使用无水硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到固体有机物;待浓缩结束后向其中加入100mL乙酸乙酯和400mL乙醇加热至80℃回流,搅拌3h,抽滤,同时将得到的滤饼用石油醚淋洗,放入65℃烘箱干燥,置于300mL甲苯中重结晶,得到中间体C-5(21.6g,产率:85%,Ms:508.02)。
(2)在氮气保护下,将中间体C-5(40mmol)、反应物D-5(44mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)(0.44mmol)和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(80mmol)分别加入到120mL甲苯、40mL乙醇和40mL水组成的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃,搅拌反应8h;待反应结束后,冷却至室温,将120mL蒸馏水添加到滤液中并用120mL二氯甲烷萃取反应溶液,随后使用无水硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到固体有机物;待浓缩结束后向其中加入80mL乙酸乙酯和320mL乙醇加热至80℃回流,搅拌3h,抽滤,同时将得到的滤饼用石油醚淋洗,放入65℃烘箱干燥,到化合物5(17.9g,产率:81%)。
Figure BDA0002785032890000121
对所得化合物5进行检测分析,结果如下:
1)质谱测试:
理论值为551.65;测试值为551.73。
2)元素分析:
理论值为:C,82.74;H,4.57;N,12.70;
测试值为:C,82.70;H,4.59;N,12.71。
实施例2:化合物31的合成
1、在氮气保护下,将反应物A-31(50mmol)、反应物B-31(55mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)(0.55mmol)和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(100mmol)分别加入到150mL甲苯、50mL乙醇和50mL水组成的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃,搅拌反应8h;待反应结束后,冷却至室温,将150mL蒸馏水添加到滤液中并用150mL二氯甲烷萃取反应溶液,随后用无水硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到固体有机物;待浓缩结束后向其中加入100mL乙酸乙酯和400mL乙醇加热至80℃回流,搅拌3h,抽滤,将得到的滤饼用石油醚淋洗,放入65℃烘箱干燥,置于300mL甲苯中重结晶,得到中间体C-31(25.0g,产率:86%,Ms:580.17);
2、在氮气保护下,将中间体C-31(40mmol)、反应物D-31(44mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)(0.44mmol)和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(80mmol)分别加入到120mL甲苯、40mL乙醇和40mL水组成的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃,搅拌反应8h;待反应结束后,冷却至室温,接着将120mL蒸馏水添加到滤液中并用120mL二氯甲烷萃取反应溶液;随后使用无水硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到固体有机物;待浓缩结束后向其中加入80mL乙酸乙酯和320mL乙醇加热至80℃回流,搅拌3h,抽滤,将得到的滤饼用石油醚淋洗,放入65℃烘箱干燥,到化合物31(21.2g,产率:85%)。
Figure BDA0002785032890000131
对所得化合物31进行检测分析,结果如下:
1)质谱测试:理论值为623.24;测试值为623.65。
2)元素分析:
理论值为:C,88.58;H,4.69;N,6.74;
测试值为:C,88.61;H,4.66;N,6.72。
实施例3:化合物47的合成
1、在氮气保护下,将反应物A-47(50mmol)、反应物B-47(55mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)(0.55mmol)和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(100mmol)分别加入到150mL甲苯、50mL乙醇和50mL水组成的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃,搅拌反应8h;待反应结束后,冷却至室温,将150mL蒸馏水添加到滤液中并用150mL二氯甲烷萃取反应溶液;随后使用无水硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到固体有机物;待浓缩结束后向其中加入100mL乙酸乙酯和400mL乙醇加热至80℃回流,搅拌3h,抽滤,将得到的滤饼用石油醚淋洗,放入65℃烘箱干燥,置于300mL甲苯中重结晶,得到中间体C-47(21.8g,产率:84%,Ms:518.75);
2、在氮气保护下,将中间体C-47(40mmol)、反应物D-47(44mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)(0.44mmol)和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(80mmol)分别加入到120mL甲苯、40mL乙醇和40mL水组成的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃,搅拌反应8h;待反应结束后,冷却至室温,将120mL蒸馏水添加到滤液中并用120mL二氯甲烷萃取反应溶液;随后使用无水硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到固体有机物;待浓缩结束后向其中加入80mL乙酸乙酯和320mL乙醇加热至80℃回流,搅拌3h,抽滤,将得到的滤饼用石油醚淋洗,放入65℃烘箱干燥,即得到化合物47(23.4g,产率:82%)。
Figure BDA0002785032890000151
对所得化合物47进行检测分析,结果如下:
1)质谱测试:
理论值为714.28;测试值为714.52。
2)元素分析:
理论值为:C,87.37;H,4.79;N,7.84;
测试值为:C,87.35;H,4.81;N,7.85。
实施例4:化合物65的合成
1、在氮气保护下,将反应物A-65(50mmol)、反应物B-65(55mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)(0.55mmol)和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(100mmol)分别加入到150mL甲苯、50mL乙醇和50mL水组成的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃,搅拌反应8h;待反应结束后,冷却至室温,将150mL蒸馏水添加到滤液中并用150mL二氯甲烷萃取反应溶液;随后使用无水硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到固体有机物;待浓缩结束后向其中加入100mL乙酸乙酯和400mL乙醇加热至80℃回流,搅拌3h,抽滤,将得到的滤饼用石油醚淋洗,放入65℃烘箱干燥,置于300mL甲苯中重结晶,得到中间体C-65(22.3g,产率:81%,Ms:550.17);
2、在氮气保护下,将中间体C-65(40mmol)、反应物D-65(44mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4)(0.44mmol)和碳酸钾(K2CO3)(80mmol)分别加入到120mL甲苯、40mL乙醇和40mL水组成的混合溶剂中,升温至110℃,搅拌反应8h;待反应结束后,冷却至室温,将120mL蒸馏水添加到滤液中并用120mL二氯甲烷萃取反应溶液;随后使用无水硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到固体有机物;待浓缩结束后向其中加入80mL乙酸乙酯和320mL乙醇加热至80℃回流,搅拌3h,抽滤,将得到的滤饼用石油醚淋洗,放入65℃烘箱干燥,即得到化合物65(23.2g,产率:81%)。
Figure BDA0002785032890000161
对所得化合物65进行检测分析,结果如下:
1)质谱测试:
理论值为717.29;测试值为717.44。
2)元素分析:
理论值为:C,85.33;H,4.91;N,9.76;
测试值为:C,85.43;H,4.96;N,9.79。
因结构通式为发明内容中的化学式1,其他化合物的合成路线和原理均与上述所列举的实施例相同,所以在此不再穷举。其中,本发明实施例5~20按照上述制备方法可得到如下表1所示的有机发光化合物:
表1:
Figure BDA0002785032890000171
Figure BDA0002785032890000181
此外,为了进一步说明本发明公开制备的有机发光化合物在电致发光器件中的应用效果,发明人还进行了下述测试实验,具体如下:
需要说明的是,对于不同结构的OLED器件搭配而言,所使用的光电功能材料具有较强的选择性,相同的材料在不同结构器件中的性能表现,也可能完全迥异。因此,针对当前OLED器件的产业应用要求,以及OLED器件的不同功能膜层,器件的光电特性需求,必须选择更适合,具有高性能的OLED功能材料或材料组合,才得以实现器件的高效率、长寿命和低电压的综合特性。
器件实施例1:
将费希尔公司涂层厚度为150nm的ITO(氧化铟锡)玻璃基板放在蒸馏水中清洗2次,超声波洗涤30分钟,用蒸馏水反复清洗2次,超声波洗涤10分钟,蒸馏水清洗结束后,异丙醇、丙酮、甲醇等溶剂按顺序超声波洗涤后干燥,转移到等离子体清洗机里,将上述基板洗涤5分钟,送到蒸镀机里。
将已经准备好的ITO透明电极上蒸镀厚度为80nm的4,4',4”-三[2-萘基苯基氨基]三苯基胺(2-TNATA)作为空穴注入层。在形成的空穴注入层上面真空蒸镀厚度为30nm的N'-二(1-萘基)-N,N'-二苯基-(1,1'-联苯)-4,4'-二胺(NPB)作为空穴传输层。然后在上述空穴传输层上蒸镀厚度为20nm的4,4'-N,N'-联苯二咔唑("CBP")作为主体材料(97%)以及掺杂有3%FIrpic的发光材料。接着在上述发光层上真空蒸镀厚度为10nm的双(2-甲基-8-羟基喹啉-N1,08)-(1,1’-联苯-4-羟基)铝(BAlq)作为空穴阻挡层。在上述空穴阻挡层上真空蒸镀厚度为40nm化合物5,作为电子传输层。在上述电子传输层上真空蒸镀厚度为1nm氟化锂(LiF),作为电子注入层。最后蒸镀厚度为100nm的铝作为阴极,以此完成了有机电致发光器件的制备。
器件实施例2~20:将器件实施例1中使用的化合物5分别替换为9,11,16,19,23,27,31,32,36,40,45,47,51,57,62,65,70,76,85作为电子传输层,制备得到相应的有机电致发光器件,以对应作为器件实施例2~20。
器件对比例1:
按照器件实施例1相同的方法制备有机电致发光器件,唯一的不同之处,将电子传输层化合物替换为对比化合物1,以最终制得器件对比例1;其中对比化合物1的结构如下:
Figure BDA0002785032890000191
器件对比例2:
按照器件实施例1相同的方法制备有机电致发光器件,唯一的不同之处,将电子传输层材料置换为化合物BCP,以最终制得器件对比例2;其中化合物BCP的结构如下:
Figure BDA0002785032890000192
对上述制备的有机电致发光器件加以正向直流偏置电压,利用Photo Resear ch公司的PR-650光度测量设备测定有机电致发光特性,并在1000cd/m2的基准灰度下利用McScience公司的寿命测定装置测定了T95的寿命,测试结果见表2:
表2
Figure BDA0002785032890000201
Figure BDA0002785032890000211
从上述表2结果中可以看出,使用本发明提供的化合物作为电子传输层所制备的有机电致发光器件,其与对比例1、2相比,驱动电压明显降低,发光效率以及寿命得到显著提高。
具体地,本发明公开制备的有机发光化合物与传统的电子传输材料BCP比较例相比,驱动电压,发光效率,寿命性能均得到显著提升;而将其与结构相近的对比例1相比,驱动电压下降0.8-1.5V,发光效率提升4-9.4%(1.45-2.06倍),器件寿命提高27-55h。
本发明的化合物以联苯为母核,与对比化合物1的区别在于本发明化合物与苯连接成环,提高化合物的刚性,使得化合物稳定性增加,提高化合物的寿命。采用吸电子的侧链进行修饰,提高了化合物的电子传输能力,效率得到提高。而对比化合物采用取代的方式引入侧链基团,化合物的空间结构拉长,化合物的稳定性受到影响。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种有机发光化合物,其特征在于,所述有机发光化合物的结构通式如下所示:
Figure FDA0002785032880000011
其中,Ar1为取代或未取代的3元~18元杂芳基、取代或未取代的C6~C10芳基;
Ar2为氢、氘、取代或未取代的C1~C18烷基、取代或未取代的C2~C18烯基、取代或未取代的C2~C18炔基、取代或未取代的C1~C10烷氧基、取代或未取代的C3~C18环烷基、取代或未取代的C6~C60芳基、取代或未取代的3元~10元杂芳基、取代或未取代的C10~C60稠环基、取代或未取代的C10~C60螺环基中的一种;
R2~R4为氢、氘、卤素、氰基、硝基、羟基、羧基、氨基、磺酸基、磺酰基、羰基、磷酸基、磷酰基、硅基、硼烷基、C1~C30烷基、C2~C30烯基、C2~C30炔基、C1~C30烷氧基、C3~C30环烷基、3元~10元杂环烷基、C6~C60芳基、3元~10元杂芳基、C10~C60稠环基或C10~C60螺环基;
R5~R8为氢、与相邻的基团相互连接形成单环或多环(C3-C30)脂肪族环、与相邻的基团相互连接形成单环或多环(3元-20元)芳香族环中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机发光化合物,其特征在于,所述Ar2选自苯基、甲基苯基、嘧啶、三嗪、联苯基、氰基、吡啶、萘、蒽、螺、芴、二苯并呋喃、二苯并噻吩、芳氧基、苯并吡啶及其衍生物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机发光化合物,其特征在于,所述R5~R8上的碳原子可替换为杂原子,且所述杂原子至少包括氮、氧、硫或硅。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一所述的一种有机发光化合物,其特征在于,所述取代基至少为氘、卤基、腈基、羟基、羰基、酯基、甲硅烷基、硼基、经取代或未经取代的烷基、经取代或未经取代的环烷基、经取代或未经取代的烷氧基、经取代或未经取代的烯基、经取代或未经取代的烷基胺基、经取代或未经取代的杂环基胺基、经取代或未经取代的芳基胺基、经取代或未经取代的芳基、经取代或未经取代的杂环基中的一种。
5.一种如权利要求1~4任一所述的有机发光化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)在氮气保护下,将原料A-I、原料B-I、四(三苯基膦)钯和碳酸钾分别加入到甲苯、乙醇和水的混合溶液中,升温,搅拌反应,随后萃取、浓缩、回流,制备得到中间体C-I;
(2)在氮气保护下,将所述中间体C-I、原料D-I、四(三苯基膦)钯和碳酸钾分别加入到甲苯、乙醇和水的混合溶液中,升温,搅拌反应,随后萃取、浓缩、回流,制备得到如化学式I所示的有机发光化合物;
具体的,所述有机发光化合物的制备反应式如下:
Figure FDA0002785032880000021
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种有机发光化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述原料A-I、原料B-I、四(三苯基膦)钯和碳酸钾的质量添加比为10:11:0.11:20,所述混合溶液中甲苯、乙醇和水的体积比为3:1:1。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种有机发光化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述搅拌反应的温度为110℃,搅拌反应的时间为8h。
8.根据权利要求5所述的一种有机发光化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述萃取、浓缩、回流的具体工艺操作为:将蒸馏水添加到滤液中并用二氯甲烷萃取,随后使用无水硫酸镁干燥萃取的有机层,并使用旋转式蒸发器去除溶剂,得到固体有机物;待浓缩结束后向其中加入乙酸乙酯和乙醇加热至80℃回流,搅拌3h,抽滤。
9.一种如权利要求1所述的有机发光化合物或如权利要求5所述方法制备的有机发光化合物在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述有机电致发光器件包括第一电极、第二电极和至少一个有机化合物层;其中,所述有机化合物层置于所述第一电极和第二电极之间,且所述有机化合物层包含如权利要求1所述的有机发光化合物。
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