CN112352617A - Cultivation method for improving yield and quality of pomegranate - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving yield and quality of pomegranate Download PDFInfo
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- CN112352617A CN112352617A CN202011141580.8A CN202011141580A CN112352617A CN 112352617 A CN112352617 A CN 112352617A CN 202011141580 A CN202011141580 A CN 202011141580A CN 112352617 A CN112352617 A CN 112352617A
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- pomegranate
- quality
- watering
- yield
- improving
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving yield and quality of pomegranate, which comprises the steps of regularly applying organic fertilizer and watering to pomegranate trees with the same age from 3 late months to 4 early months each year until pomegranate fruits are ripe; wherein, the regular application of organic fertilizer and watering is that the organic fertilizer and watering are carried out on the pomegranate trees at intervals of 10 days. The cultivation method for improving the yield and the quality of the pomegranate can improve the yield of the pomegranate by 3 percent, and the obtained pomegranate can reduce the appearance proportion of functional male flowers, reduce the drop of amphoteric flowers, improve the fruit setting rate and reduce the fruit cracking process, thereby improving the yield and the quality of the fruits. The cultivation method can increase the weight of the fruits, the quality of the pulp and the fruit grains, thereby improving the quality of the fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pomegranates.
Background
The androecious plant is used as one of the transition stages in the evolution process of the angiosperm from the sexual singlet state to the binary state, and plays an important role in the aspects of avoiding selfing, increasing the fitness, ensuring the success of propagation and the like. Punica granatum (Punica grantum L.), perennial fruit trees belonging to Punicaceae (Punicaceae) Punica genus (Punica Linn), has a cultivation history of more than two thousand years in China, and is mainly distributed in regions such as Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Xinjiang Kashi, Hetian and the like, particularly in regions such as Xinjiang Kashi and Hetian, the planting area of Xinjiang Punica granatum reaches 1.29 hectare, the yield reaches 4.8 million tons, and the yield can reach 2.1 yuan, which is one of main economic sources of local farmers. The main measures for preventing pomegranate from freezing in local areas during winter are that all branches of an individual are laid on soil at the beginning of 11 months, a thick layer of soil is wrapped on the branches, and the branches are supported after a thick layer of soil on the branches is removed when the pomegranate is warmed again in the early 3 months of the next year.
Punica granatum has the phenomenon of male plants, and has the common functions of male flowers (with pistil and stamen, abnormal pistil development and bell-shaped flowers) and amphoteric flowers (with pistil and stamen, normal pistil development and simple flowers), wherein the functional male flowers can not normally develop into fruits and fall off, and the amphoteric flowers can normally develop into fruits. At present, the problems of extensive management, low yield, lack of scientific management, poor planting technology and the like exist in the aspect of pomegranate planting. Individuals generate new branches every year, male flowers appear on the new branches in the highest proportion, but the branches are hardly trimmed locally, and the more the new branches are; in addition, the pomegranate is a drought plant, the drought resistance is good, more new branches of the pomegranate are generated due to a large amount of irregular watering of farmers, the more new branches are generated, the resource is insufficient, and the frequency of the occurrence of functional male flowers is higher. The occurrence of a large number of functional male flowers caused by resource limitation reduces the yield and the quality of pomegranate fruits, thereby causing negative influence on the economic value of pomegranate.
At present, in the planting process of pomegranate trees, the problems of high male flower proportion, small fruit, poor pulp and fruit seed quality exist, and the development of a culture method for reducing the male flower proportion and improving the fruit yield and quality is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pomegranate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving yield and quality of pomegranate, the cultivation method comprises starting from early 3 middle and late months to early 4 months, regularly applying organic fertilizer and watering to pomegranate trees with the same age until the pomegranate fruits are ripe;
wherein the regular application of organic fertilizer and watering is that the organic fertilizer and watering are carried out on the pomegranate trees at intervals of 5-10 days.
In one embodiment of the invention, the organic fertilizer comprises fulvic acid, chitosan, mannitol, algal polysaccharides, betaine, proteins, biological enzyme humic acid, organic acid, high carbon sugar, alanine and carrageenan.
In one embodiment of the invention, the process of applying organic fertilizer and watering comprises the following steps:
mixing water and organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 5000: 1 mixing to form a water-fertilizer mixture, and pouring the water-fertilizer mixture around the root of the pomegranate tree.
In one embodiment of the invention, a pit with the depth of 50cm and the width of 50cm is dug at the position of 30-50cm around the trunk of the pomegranate tree around the root of the pomegranate tree for watering and fertilizing.
In one embodiment of the invention, the regular application of organic fertilizer and watering is to apply organic fertilizer and watering to the pomegranate trees at intervals of 7 days.
In one embodiment of the invention, the pomegranate trees are all 20 years old.
In one embodiment of the invention, the organic fertilizer and the water are applied in an amount of 10L each time.
In one embodiment of the invention, the applying organic fertilizer and watering are applied in the morning of the day.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the cultivation method for improving the yield and the quality of the pomegranate, the pomegranate obtained by cultivation can reduce the appearance proportion of functional male flowers, so that the fruit yield is improved. The cultivation method can increase the quality of the pulp and the fruit grains, thereby improving the quality of the fruit; the invention adopts the organic fertilizer containing humic acid, organic matters and the like, is beneficial to rapidly supplementing the organic matters of the soil, improving the granular structure of the soil and lightening the hazards of continuous cropping and salt, particularly meets the advocates of ecological agriculture construction, pollution-free agricultural production, green food and the like advocated at present, and reduces the damage of chemical fertilizers to the soil and the environment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions that the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the effects and the achievable by the present invention, should still fall within the range that the technical contents disclosed in the present invention can cover.
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the fruits of the present invention of Table 4 under the condition of different degrees of resource restriction, wherein A is the pomegranate fruit treated by adding water and fertilizer; b, fertilizing the pomegranate fruits; c is pomegranate fruit of control group; d, adding water to the pomegranate fruits.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the invention, the organic fertilizer is organic functional fertilizer-supplementing nutrient, and comprises fulvic acid, chitosan, mannitol, algal polysaccharides, betaine, protein, biological enzyme humic acid, organic acid, high-carbon sugar, alanine and carrageenan. The organic fertilizer is produced by Hailier pharmaceutical industry Co.
In the invention, the resource limitation treatment of different degrees comprises three different treatment modes of applying fertilizer to the pomegranate tree, applying fertilizer and watering to the pomegranate tree.
Example 1 treatment of pomegranate with Fertilizer
The method comprises the steps of lifting the acanthus to the countryside in Kaishi city in Kaishi region, enabling pomegranate trees with the tree age of 20 years to live in a group, randomly selecting pomegranate tree individuals with the crown size basically consistent from the group to test after the pomegranate trees come out of the soil from the middle and late ten days of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months, digging and excavating pits with the depth of about 50cm and the width of about 50cm at the positions of 30-50cm around the roots of the pomegranate trees, applying liquid organic fertilizer to the pomegranate trees every seven days from the bottom of 3 months, applying the amount of the organic fertilizer every time to the pomegranate trees to be 20ml, and selecting the time for applying the fertilizer to be in the morning of the fertilization day. Applying the fertilizer until the pomegranate fruit is ripe.
Meanwhile, when the tested pomegranate tree enters the full-bloom stage, the appearance proportion of male flowers and amphoteric flowers on the pomegranate tree, the number of the male flowers and the amphoteric flowers falling around the individual, the number of fruits of the pomegranate tree, the weight of fruit grains, the cracking degree of the fruits, the weight of the seeds, the length of the seeds and the width of the seeds are counted.
Example 2 pomegranate Tree fertilizing and watering treatment
The method comprises the steps of lifting the Afahu from the countryside of the African forest in Kaishi city in the Kaishi region, enabling pomegranate trees with the tree age of 20 years to live in a group, randomly selecting pomegranate tree individuals with the crown size basically consistent from the group to test after the pomegranate individuals come out of the soil in the middle and late ten days of 3 months, digging and excavating pits with the depth of 50cm and the width of 50cm at the positions 30-50cm around the roots of the pomegranate trees, applying liquid organic fertilizer to the pomegranate trees every seven days from the bottom of 3 months, applying 20ml of organic fertilizer and 10L of water every time, and selecting the time for applying the fertilizer and watering to be earlier than the time of applying the fertilizer and watering until the pomegranate fruits are mature.
Meanwhile, when the tested pomegranate tree enters the full-bloom stage, the appearance proportion of male flowers and amphoteric flowers on the pomegranate tree, the number of the male flowers and the amphoteric flowers falling around the individual, the number of fruits of the pomegranate tree, the weight of fruit grains, the cracking degree of the fruits, the weight of the seeds, the length of the seeds and the width of the seeds are counted.
Example 3 watering treatment of pomegranate
The method comprises the steps of lifting the acanthus to the countryside in Kaishi city in Kaishi region, enabling pomegranate trees with the tree age of 20 years to live in a group, randomly selecting pomegranate tree individuals with basically consistent crown sizes from the group to test after the pomegranate trees come out of the soil from the middle and late ten days to the beginning of 4 months in 3 months, digging pits with the digging depth of about 50cm and the width of about 50cm around the roots of the pomegranate trees at 30-50cm positions, watering the pomegranate trees once every seven days from the bottom of 3 months with the watering amount of 10L, and watering the pomegranate trees in the morning of the watering time until the pomegranate fruits are ripe.
Meanwhile, when the tested pomegranate tree enters the full-bloom stage, counting the occurrence proportion of male flowers and amphoteric flowers on the pomegranate tree, the number of the male flowers and the amphoteric flowers falling around the individual, the number of fruits of the pomegranate tree, the weight of fruit grains of the fruits, the weight of seeds, the cracking degree of the fruits, the length of the seeds and the width of the seeds.
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the steps of lifting the acanthus of Kaishi city in Kaishi region to countryside, enabling pomegranate trees with the tree age of 20 years to reside, and randomly selecting pomegranate tree individuals with basically consistent crown sizes from the population for testing after the pomegranate trees come out of the earth from the middle and late 3 months to the beginning 4 months without any treatment on the pomegranate trees.
Meanwhile, when the tested pomegranate tree enters the full-bloom stage, counting the occurrence proportion of male flowers and amphoteric flowers on the pomegranate tree, the number of male flowers and amphoteric flowers falling around an individual, the number of fruits of the pomegranate tree, the weight of fruit grains of the fruits, the weight of seeds, the cracking degree of the fruits, the length of the seeds and the width of the seeds.
Test examples
The flowering and fruiting conditions of pomegranate trees were analyzed in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1, and the analysis results are shown in tables 1 to 6 below.
TABLE 1 frequency of male and amphoteric flowers under pomegranate trees of different treatment groups
TABLE 2 amphoteric flower drop and fruit set percentage under different degrees of resource restriction treatment
TABLE 3 fruit cracking degree and pericarp color under different degrees of resource restriction
TABLE 4 fruit weight and size under different degrees of resource restrictions
TABLE 5 pulp quality under different degrees of resource constraints
TABLE 6 seed correlation index under different degrees of resource constraint treatment
Table 1-table 6 and as shown in fig. 1, the experimental results show that the technical scheme of the invention can effectively reduce the number of male flowers, improve the content of pomegranate pulp, and improve the yield and quality of pomegranate.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method for improving yield and quality of pomegranate, characterized in that the cultivation method comprises regularly applying organic fertilizer and watering to pomegranate trees with the same age from 3 late to 4 early months of each year until the pomegranate fruits are ripe;
wherein the regular application of organic fertilizer and watering is that the organic fertilizer and watering are carried out on the pomegranate trees at intervals of 5-10 days.
2. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pomegranate of claim 1,
the organic fertilizer comprises fulvic acid, chitosan, mannitol, algal polysaccharide, betaine, protein, biological enzyme humic acid, organic acid, high-carbon sugar, alanine and carrageenan.
3. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pomegranate of claim 1,
the process of applying organic fertilizer and watering is as follows:
mixing water and organic fertilizer according to a volume ratio of 5000: 1 mixing to form a water-fertilizer mixture, and pouring the water-fertilizer mixture around the root of the pomegranate tree.
4. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pomegranate of claim 2,
and digging a pit with the depth of 50cm and the width of 50cm at a position of 30-50cm around the trunk of the pomegranate tree around the root of the pomegranate tree for watering and fertilizing.
5. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pomegranate of claim 1,
the regular organic fertilizer application and watering are carried out on the pomegranate trees at intervals of 7 days.
6. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pomegranate of claim 1,
the tree age of the pomegranate trees is 20 years.
7. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pomegranate of claim 1,
the organic fertilizer application and watering are carried out, and the application amount is 10L each time.
8. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pomegranate of claim 1,
the application of organic fertilizer and watering was performed in the morning of the day.
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