CN112341593A - 一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112341593A
CN112341593A CN202011113352.XA CN202011113352A CN112341593A CN 112341593 A CN112341593 A CN 112341593A CN 202011113352 A CN202011113352 A CN 202011113352A CN 112341593 A CN112341593 A CN 112341593A
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polyurethane resin
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acetone
automobile leather
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CN112341593B (zh
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石磊
纪尚超
赵磊
王伟
晏雪生
陈晓春
沈建峰
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ZHEJIANG HEXIN TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Abstract

本申请涉及聚氨酯汽车革技术领域,尤其是一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法,一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,由包含以下重量份的原料聚合而成:多元醇、异氰酸酯、扩链剂、丙酮、去离子水、催化剂;本申请的产品可用于汽车革,具有较好的耐硫化性、耐摩擦性、耐候性、防污染性和较为长久的使用寿命的优点。本申请的制备方法,包括以下步骤:按配方称量多元醇、异氰酸酯和催化剂;将称量的多元醇、异氰酸酯和催化剂混合,在85~95℃下反应;投入扩链剂,在70~80℃,反应1~2小时;加入丙酮稀释,并降温至45℃以下,加入成盐剂中和成盐;加水分散;蒸馏脱除丙酮得目标产品。本制备方法操作较为简单且可批量生产。

Description

一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法
技术领域
本申请涉及聚氨酯汽车革技术领域,尤其是涉及一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国合成革的生产近20年来,发展极为迅速,已具有相当的产业规模和竞争实力。特别是近几年,我国PU革市场的年增长幅度达17%~29%,己逐渐成为推动全球PU革发展的主要动力之一,甚至也成为促进整个聚氨酯市场发展的主要动力。据不完全统计,2007年全国合成革产量为28亿㎡,2008年为33.2亿㎡,2010年,我国人造革、合成革的生产厂家已达2600多家,其中规模以上企业316家,生产线和产量已占据世界总产量的73%,合成革产量达56亿㎡。比我国GDP增长率高出近一倍,显示出我国合成革产业强劲的增长态势。
聚氨酯合成革属于聚氨酯弹性体的一类,具有光泽柔和、自然,手感柔软,真皮感强的外观,具有与基材粘接性能优异、抗磨损、耐挠曲、抗老化等优异的机械性能,同时还具备耐寒性好、透气、可洗涤、加工方便、价格优廉等优点,是天然皮革的最为理想的替代品。
公告号CN104294606B公开的一种高档电子包装及证件用聚氨酯合成革,其包括聚氨酯合成革基层,所述聚氨酯合成革基层的外表面涂饰一层无色透明浆料,然后对其进行烘干、固化得聚氨酯合成革;所述无色透明浆料是由硅酮改性聚氨酯预聚体、聚异氰酸酯和促进剂按重量份经混合搅拌得到。所得聚氨酯合成革的防污染等级大于4级,耐摩性大于1000转,但是其耐候性较差。为了提升其耐候性,公告号CN101781858B公开的一种高耐候性荧光聚氨酯合成革的干法贴面工艺,其特征是荧光层的表面增加一层无色的耐水解透明层。本发明可以有效提高荧光产品的耐候性,避免荧光掉色而污染离型纸,提高产品质量和离型纸的使用遍数。
上述中的现有技术方案存在以下缺陷:现有技术存在耐硫化性、耐摩擦性、耐候性、防污染性不能兼具的问题,影响产品的质量和使用寿命。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在耐硫化性、耐摩擦性、耐候性、防污染性不能兼具的问题,本申请的第一个目的在于提供一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,具有较好的耐硫化性、耐摩擦性、耐候性、防污染性和较为长久的使用寿命的优点。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,具有操作较为简单且可批量生产,易于实现工业化生产的优点。
本申请的第一个申请目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,由包含以下重量份的原料聚合而成:30~60份的多元醇、10~30份的异氰酸酯、0.01~0.1份的催化剂、1~10份的扩链剂、1~10份的丙酮、1~4份成盐剂、50~70份的去离子水。
通过采用上述技术方案,可以得到一种具有优异的耐硫化性能且耐摩擦性、耐候性、防污染性较好,较为长久的使用寿命的水性聚氨酯树脂。
优选的,所述多元醇为己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇,己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇是以PCL作为起始剂制作而成;己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇的分子量2000~3000。
通过采用上述技术方案,己内酯型结构可以提供良好的低温柔韧及耐候性能,可赋予了汽车皮革较好的柔韧性、耐磨性和耐候性;可以通过控制多元醇的分子量来控制所制水性聚氨酯树脂具有各种不同的优异物性。
优选的,所述异氰酸酯为使用HDI、IPDI、H12MDI中的一种或多种。
通过采用上述技术方案,可以通过选择不同异氰酸酯使所制水性聚氨酯树脂具有不同程度的耐摩擦、耐候及防污染性。
优选的,所述催化剂为有机铋。
通过采用上述技术方案,催化剂为一种高效保护型的有机铋催化剂,可以避免常规水性聚氨酯合成中采用的对环境及人体有害的有机锡催化剂,因而更加环保;另外所用有机铋催化剂在反应过程中可以高效催化异氰酸酯与羟基化合物的反应。
优选的,所述扩链剂为1,5-戊二醇搭配1,6-己二醇、乙二胺、DMPA、TMP中的一种或多种。
通过采用上述技术方案,可以使所制水性聚氨酯树脂产品具有更好的耐硫化性、抗氙灯老化、耐摩擦、耐候等性能。
优选的,所述产品由包含以下重量份的原料聚合而成:40~50份的分子量1000~3000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、15~25份的H12MDI、2~4份的1,5-戊二醇、1~2份的1,6-己二醇、3~5份的DMPA、5~10份的丙酮、2~4份二甲基乙醇胺、55~65份的去离子水、0.05~0.08份的有机铋、0.50-2.00份的2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.50-2.00份的硬脂酸钙、0.20-1.00份的亚磷酸二苯一辛酯。
通过采用上述技术方案,可以获得一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,其具有较好的耐硫化性且间距耐摩擦性、耐候性、防污染性,有较为长久的使用寿命的优点。
为实现上述第二个目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按配方称量多元醇、异氰酸酯和催化剂;
步骤二,在100~200转/分钟的搅拌速度下,依次加入多元醇、异氰酸酯和催化剂混合,在85~95℃下,反应1.5~2.5小时;
步骤三,投入扩链剂,在70~80℃,反应1~2小时;
步骤四,加入丙酮稀释,同时降温至45℃以下,加入成盐剂中和成盐;
步骤五,加去离子水分散;
步骤六,蒸馏脱除丙酮,得目标产品。
通过采用上述技术方案,可使得多元醇、异氰酸酯和催化剂较为均匀的混合,聚合反应过程中,较为均匀的释放聚合热能,便于控制反应温度和较少副产物的生产且操作较为简单且可批量生产,具有易于实现工业化生产的优点。
优选的,在步骤四中,丙酮分多次加入,保证体系温度不会骤降致使黏度骤然上升而凝胶,同时还可以有效降低预聚体黏度,使其搅拌混合更加均匀,体系粘度控制在为3000~10000mPa·s为宜。
通过采用上述技术方案,丙酮分多次加入可有效控制体系粘度,进而使反应进行的更加充分和均匀。
综上所述,本申请具有以下优点:
1、本申请具有较好的耐硫化性能、耐摩擦性、耐候性、防污染性,较为长久的使用寿命的优点。
2、本申请的方法具有操作较为简单且可批量生产,易于实现工业化生产的优点。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
原料
Figure BDA0002729369310000031
Figure BDA0002729369310000041
实施例
实施例1
一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,由包含以下重量份的原料聚合而成:43份的分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、5份HDI、20份H12MDI、0.08份的有机铋、3份1,5-戊二醇,3.5份DMPA、20份丙酮、2份二甲基乙醇胺、60份的去离子水。
一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,具体为:在150转分钟的搅拌转速下,依次加入43份分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、5份HDI、20份H12MDI、0.08份的有机铋,在88.9℃下,反应2.0小时;接下来加入3份1,5-戊二醇,3.5份DMPA、8份丙酮在80℃,反应2小时,反应釜必须配备丙酮冷凝回流装置及泄压装置;将剩余的12份丙酮分4次加入稀释,控制黏度在6000mPa.s之间;当温度低于45℃时,加入2份二甲基乙醇胺中和3分钟;在剪切分散机的高速剪切下,加入60份去离子水分散开;蒸馏脱除丙酮,得目标产品。
实施例2
一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,由包含以下重量份的原料聚合而成:45份分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、3份HDI、18份IPDI、0.08份的有机铋、3份1,5-戊二醇、1份1,6-己二醇、3.7份DMPA、20份丙酮、2份二甲基乙醇胺、60份的去离子水。
一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,具体为:在150转分钟的搅拌转速下,依次加入45份分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、3份HDI、18份IPDI、0.08份的有机铋,在89.1℃下,反应2.0小时;接下来加入3份1,5-戊二醇、1份1,6-己二醇、3.7份DMPA、8份丙酮在80℃,反应2小时,反应釜必须配备丙酮冷凝回流装置及泄压装置;将剩余的12份丙酮分4次加入稀释,控制黏度在6000mPa.s之间,当温度低于45℃时,加入2份的二甲基乙醇胺中和3分钟;在剪切分散机的高速剪切下加入60份去离子水分散开;蒸馏脱除丙酮,得目标产品。
实施例3
一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,由包含以下重量份的原料聚合而成:40份分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、27份H12MDI异氰酸酯、0.08份的有机铋、2份1,5-戊二醇、2份1,6-己二醇、4.3份DMPA、20份丙酮、2份二甲基乙醇胺、65份的去离子水。
一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,具体为:在150转分钟的搅拌转速下,依次加入40份分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、27份H12MDI异氰酸酯、0.08份的有机铋,在89.0℃下,反应2.0小时;接下来加入2份1,5-戊二醇、2份1,6-己二醇、4.3份DMPA、8份丙酮在80℃,反应2小时,反应釜必须配备丙酮冷凝回流装置及泄压装置;将剩余的12份丙酮分4次加入稀释,控制黏度在6000mPa.s之间,当温度低于45℃时,加入2份的二甲基乙醇胺中和3分钟;在剪切分散机的高速剪切下加入65份去离子水分散开;蒸馏脱除丙酮,得目标产品。
实施例4
实施例4于实施例1的区别在于:原料还包括:0.12份的月桂酸镉、0.20份的2-乙基己酸钡、0.06份的环烷酸锌。
一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,具体为:在150转分钟的搅拌转速下,依次加入43份分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、5份HDI、20份H12MDI、0.08份的有机铋,在88.9℃下,反应2.0小时;接下来加入3份1,5-戊二醇,3.5份DMPA、8份丙酮、0.80份的2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、1.20份的亚磷酸二苯一辛酯、1.20份的硬脂酸钙,在搅拌转速180转/分钟,温度为80℃,反应2小时,反应釜必须配备丙酮冷凝回流装置及泄压装置;将剩余的12份丙酮分4次加入稀释,控制黏度在6000mPa.s之间,当温度低于45℃时,加入二甲基乙醇胺中和3分钟;在剪切分散机的高速剪切下加入60份去离子水分散开;蒸馏脱除丙酮,得目标产品。
实施例5
实施例5于实施例1的区别在于:30份的分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、5份HDI、20份H12MDI、0.08份的有机铋、3份1,5-戊二醇,3.5份DMPA、20份丙酮、2份二甲基乙醇胺、60份的去离子水。
实施例6
实施例6于实施例1的区别在于:40份的分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、5份HDI、20份H12MDI、0.08份的有机铋、3份1,5-戊二醇,3.5份DMPA、20份丙酮、2份二甲基乙醇胺、60份的去离子水。
实施例7
实施例7于实施例1的区别在于:50份的分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、5份HDI、20份H12MDI、0.08份的有机铋、3份1,5-戊二醇,3.5份DMPA、20份丙酮、2份二甲基乙醇胺、60份的去离子水。
实施例8
实施例8于实施例1的区别在于:60份的分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、5份HDI、20份H12MDI、0.08份的有机铋、3份1,5-戊二醇,3.5份DMPA、20份丙酮、2份二甲基乙醇胺、60份的去离子水。
对比例
对比例1
对比例1与实施例一的区别在于采用分子量800的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇作为多元醇。在150转分钟的搅拌转速下,依次加入26份己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇800、6份HDI、25份H12MDI、0.08份的有机铋,在89.0℃下,反应2.0小时;接下来加入3份1,5-戊二醇,3.5份DMPA、8份丙酮在80℃,反应2小时,反应釜必须配备丙酮冷凝回流装置及泄压装置;将剩余的12份丙酮分4次加入稀释,控制黏度在6000mPa.s之间,当温度低于45℃时,加入二甲基乙醇胺中和3分钟;在剪切分散机的高速剪切下加入60份去离子水分散开;蒸馏脱除丙酮,得目标产品。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例一的区别在于采用分子量4000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇作为多元醇。在150转分钟的搅拌转速下,依次加入75份己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、6份HDI、25份H12MDI、0.08份的有机铋,在88.9℃下,反应2.0小时;接下来加入3份1,5-戊二醇,3.5份DMPA、8份丙酮在80℃,反应2小时,反应釜必须配备丙酮冷凝回流装置及泄压装置;继续加入丙酮稀释,将剩余的12份丙酮分4次加入稀释,当温度低于45℃时,加入二甲基乙醇胺中和3分钟;在剪切分散机的高速剪切下加入60份去离子水分散开;蒸馏脱除丙酮,得目标产品。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例一的区别在于所选扩链剂仅为1,6-己二醇。在150转分钟的搅拌转速下,依次加入43份分子量2000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、5份HDI、20份H12MDI、0.08份的有机铋,在89.1℃下,反应2.0小时;接下来加入3份1,6-己二醇,3.5份DMPA、8份丙酮在80℃,反应2小时,反应釜必须配备丙酮冷凝回流装置及泄压装置;将剩余的12份丙酮分4次加入稀释,控制黏度在6000mPa.s之间,当温度低于45℃时,加入2份的二甲基乙醇胺中和3分钟;在剪切分散机的高速剪切下加入60份去离子水分散开;蒸馏脱除丙酮,得目标产品。
性能检测试验
采用现行的常规工艺,将实施例1-8合成的水性聚氨酯树脂制备为车用PU合成革,汽车革制作方法:1、水性树脂100份,去离子水10份,聚氨酯缔合型增稠剂2.3份,水性色浆5份,配置成水性面层浆料。2、在离型纸上刮涂0.15mm的水性,面层浆料,在120℃的烘箱中干燥成型,可重复刮涂一次,刮涂0.15mm的厚度;3、再次烘干,然后使用水性胶粘剂作为粘结剂复合到基布上。将制备的车用革作为试验样品1-8;将对比例1-3合成的水性聚氨酯树脂制造成的车用革,作为对比样品1-3。
1.固含量:称取1-2g水性聚氨酯样品,称取烘干前后重量,每组样品测试3组,计算出平均固含量。
2.机械稳定性:采用离心机在3000r/min下测试15min,若样品未出现沉淀,即表示样品具备半年以上的贮存稳定性。
3.耐候-耐光-JungleTest:将在试验样品1-8和对比样品1-3分别放置于80℃和75%湿度的环境下400小时后,在25℃下,弯折10万次观察是否开裂;在-20℃,弯折2万次观察是否开裂。
4.耐光性测试:氙灯测试按照ISO 105-B06进行测试。
5.耐硫化性测试:按照GMW14864-2012测试。
6.耐磨性测试:按照GMW 3208-2012旋转磨损试验测试。
7.耐污性测试:按照GMW3402测试。
表1是试验样品1-3和对比样品1-3的测试参数
Figure BDA0002729369310000071
Figure BDA0002729369310000081
结合实施例1、实施例2和实施例3并结合表1可以看出,本次选用的三种异氰酸酯对相应的水性聚氨酯树脂性能影响较小。
结合实施例1和对比例1-2并结合表1可以看出,己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇的分子量越大,所制水性聚氨酯树脂制成的车用革的综合性能越好,然而其稳定性则有所下降,同时其能制得的最高固含量也有明显的下降趋势。
结合实施例3和对比例1并结合表1可以看出,1,6-己二醇的耐光性稍逊于1,5-戊二醇,其他性能两者类似。
结合实施例1-8和对比例1-3并结合表1可以看出,采用本申请的树脂制备的汽车合成革的综合性能较优:具备半年以上的贮存稳定性、25℃下弯折10万次不开裂、-20℃弯折2万次不开裂、5级的耐光性、CS-10 1KG 500次无破损、≥8级的防污性,具有耐硫化性能、耐摩擦性、耐候性、防污染性,较为长久的使用寿命的优点。
本具体实施方式的实施例均为本申请的较佳实施例,并非依此限制本申请的保护范围,故:凡依本申请的结构、形状、原理所做的等效变化,均应涵盖于本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:由包含以下重量份的原料聚合而成:30~60份的多元醇、10~30份的异氰酸酯、0.01~0.1份的催化剂、1~10份的扩链剂、1~10份的丙酮、1~4份成盐剂、50~70份的去离子水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:所述多元醇为己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇,己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇是以PCL作为起始剂制作而成;己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇的分子量为2000~3000。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:所述异氰酸酯为使用HDI、IPDI、H12MDI中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:所述扩链剂为1,5-戊二醇搭配1,6-己二醇、乙二胺、DMPA、TMP中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:所述成盐剂为三乙胺、二甲基乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:所述去离子水的电导率低于0.056us/cm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:所述催化剂为有机铋。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:由包含以下重量份的原料聚合而成:40~50份的分子量2000~3000的己内酯型聚碳酸酯二醇、15~25份的H12MDI、0.05~0.08份的有机铋、2~4份的1,5-戊二醇、1~2份的1,6-己二醇、3~5份的DMPA、5~10份的丙酮、2-4份二甲基乙醇胺、55~65份的去离子水、0.50-2.00份的2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、0.50-2.00份的硬脂酸钙、0.20-1.00份的亚磷酸二苯一辛酯。
9.权利要求1-8所述的一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按配方称量多元醇、异氰酸酯和催化剂;
步骤二,在100~200转/分钟的搅拌速度下,依次加入多元醇、异氰酸酯和催化剂混合,在85~95℃下,反应1.5~2.5小时;
步骤三,投入扩链剂,在70~80℃,反应1~2小时;
步骤四,加入丙酮稀释,同时降温至45℃以下,加入成盐剂中和成盐;
步骤五,加去离子水分散;
步骤六,50~70℃蒸馏脱除丙酮,得目标产品。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种汽车革用水性面层聚氨酯树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤四中,丙酮分多次加入,保证体系温度不会骤降致使黏度骤然上升而凝胶,同时还可以有效降低预聚体黏度,使其搅拌混合更加均匀,体系粘度控制在为3000~10000mPa·s为宜。
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