CN112341448B - 一种荧光探针及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及荧光探针技术领域,具体涉及一种靶向检测小分子硫醇的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
荧光探针自从在上个世纪被发现以来,由于其具有生物相容性好、背景干扰低、可以实时监控以及灵敏度高等优点,已经被广泛运用到检测细胞和活体内各种氨基酸和离子的荧光成像中。
小分子硫醇不仅与蛋白质的合成和细胞代谢等多种生命活动过程息息相关,而且在维持细胞内正常生理功能平衡和抗氧化系统中扮演重要角色。半胱氨酸(Cys)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)则是三种主要的小分子硫醇;虽然它们在细胞中的含量水平不同,具体功能也不尽相同,但是在维持细胞内正常生理功能平衡等方面都是极其重要。众所周知,细胞的生命活动靠线粒体提供能量,线粒体对细胞内的ATP合成、细胞凋亡等各种活动都至关重要,它的功能异常通常会引起细胞内氧化还原失衡,进而导致细胞凋亡。不仅如此,线粒体内的许多小分子硫醇也对细胞维持正常生理功能有着重要影响;线粒体内的Cys和GSH都是线粒体内至关重要的还原剂,它们的主要作用之一是清除由线粒体产生的活性自由基,保护细胞免受自由基氧化损坏。线粒体中的Hcy主要对线粒体氧化应激敏感,它们在线粒体内含量异常时会导致肝脏损伤等多种疾病。
鉴于硫醇小分子在维持细胞正常生理活动中有重要作用,目前已发展的检测半胱氨酸、同型半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽反应位点多为磺酰基、卤乙酰基、丙烯酸酯、醛基等;反应类型少,并且高组织穿透性和稳定性的近红外荧光探针依然匮乏。因此,发展一种选择性靶向细胞内线粒体小分子硫醇的新型小分子荧光探针具有重要的研究意义。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种靶向检测细胞内小分子硫醇的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用,所述荧光探针能够实现对细胞内多种小分子硫醇实现靶向检测,选择性好,检测灵敏度高。
具体地,本发明的技术方案如下所述:
在本发明的第一方面,提供一种荧光探针,其结构式如下:
在本发明的第二方面,提供一种第一方面所述荧光探针的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)化合物Cou-1的合成:
2,3,3-三甲基吲哚和碘乙烷混合,溶于无水乙腈进行回流反应,等反应结束后,将得到的固体沉淀洗涤、烘干后得到红色固体Cou-1;
2)化合物Cou-2的合成:
氮气保护条件下,将乙酸钠和乙酸酐混合,将得到的Cou-1和邻二苯甲醛环己烯加入到上述体系中;等反应结束后,产物洗涤、烘干,得到黄绿色固体Cou-2;
3)化合物Cou-3的合成:
将得到的Cou-2和1,4-苯二酚溶于无水乙腈中,再加入催化剂碳酸钾,先在室温条件下搅拌,再放入50℃油浴锅中反应,产物旋干、分离提纯得到蓝绿色固体Cou-3;
4)化合物Cou-4的合成:
在0℃条件下,将得到的Cou-3溶于无水二氯甲烷溶剂中,加入5-硝基-2-呋喃酰氯,再加入少量三乙胺溶液,然后移至室温继续反应,待反应结束后,加入水进行猝灭;将得到的反应液旋干,分离提纯得到最后的探针Cou-4。
在本发明的第三方面,提供一种第一方面所述的荧光探针在靶向检测细胞内小分子硫醇中的应用。
本发明的具体实施方式具有以下有益效果:
荧光探针合成方法简单,检测速度快,检测过程中不需要长时间的孵育,具有很强的抗光漂白性能;
在检测过程中不需要添加其他化学物质,操作简单,细胞毒性小,有利于细胞内检测;
能够靶向检测细胞内的多种小分子硫醇,并且检出限低,检测灵敏度高,选择性好抗其他分子干扰能力强;
操作方法简单,成本低、具有普适性,易于规模化生产。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为本发明实施例2中荧光探针与不同浓度半胱氨酸反应时的荧光光谱图,图中从下至上依次为荧光探针与0μM、2μM、5μM、10μM、15μM、20μM、30μM、40μM、50μM、60μM、70μM、80μM、100μM的半胱氨酸反应时的荧光光谱图;
图2为本发明实施例2中荧光探针与不同浓度半胱氨酸反应时的线性关系图;
图3为本发明实施例2中荧光探针的选择性实验结果示意图;
其中,图3(a)中,1.Ca2+,2.K+,3.Al3+,4.Mn2+,5.Na+,6Fe3+,7.Cu2+,8.Zn2+,9.Fe2+,10.SO3 2-,11.NO2 -,12.Cys;
图3(b)中,1.Arg,2.Met,3.Lys,4.Pro,5.Ser,6.Thr,7.Trp,8.Val,9.His,10.GSH,11.Hcy,12.Cys;
图4为本发明实施例2中荧光探针在HepG2细胞中毒性分析图;
图5为本发明实施例2中荧光探针在HepG2细胞中的荧光成像图;
图6为本发明实施例3中荧光探针在HepG2细胞中的线粒体共定位成像图。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本申请提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本申请使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本申请所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术中论述的,硫醇小分子在维持细胞正常生理活动中有重要作用,发展一种选择性靶向细胞内线粒体小分子硫醇的新型小分子荧光探针具有重要的研究意义。鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种靶向检测细胞内小分子硫醇的荧光探针及其制备方法与应用,所述荧光探针能够实现对细胞内多种小分子硫醇实现靶向检测,选择性好,检测灵敏度高。
本发明的一种实施方式中,提供了一种靶向检测细胞内小分子硫醇的荧光探针,其结构式如下:
本发明的一种实施方式中,提供了一种上述荧光探针的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)化合物Cou-1的合成:
2,3,3-三甲基吲哚和碘乙烷混合,溶于无水乙腈进行回流反应,等反应结束后,将得到的固体沉淀洗涤、烘干后得到红色固体Cou-1;
2)化合物Cou-2的合成:
氮气保护条件下,将乙酸钠和乙酸酐混合,将得到的Cou-1和邻二苯甲醛环己烯加入到上述体系中;等反应结束后,产物洗涤、烘干,得到黄绿色固体Cou-2;
3)化合物Cou-3的合成:
将得到的Cou-2和1,4-苯二酚溶于无水乙腈中,再加入催化剂碳酸钾,先在室温条件下搅拌,再放入50℃油浴锅中反应,产物旋干、分离提纯得到蓝绿色固体Cou-3;
4)化合物Cou-4的合成:
在0℃条件下,将得到的Cou-3溶于无水二氯甲烷溶剂中,加入5-硝基-2-呋喃酰氯,再加入少量三乙胺溶液,然后移至室温继续反应,待反应结束后,加入水进行猝灭;将得到的反应液旋干,分离提纯得到最后的探针Cou-4。
优选的,所述步骤1)中2,3,3-三甲基吲哚和碘乙烷的摩尔比是1:1.5,反应时间为22小时,回流反应的温度为85℃,产物用石油醚洗三次抽滤烘干即可。
优选的,所述步骤2)中化合物Cou-2和邻二苯甲醛环己烯的摩尔比是2:3,在氩气条件下反应5小时,反应温度是80℃,产物用无水乙醚洗三次抽滤烘干即可。
优选的,所述步骤3)中化合物Cou-3和1,4-苯二酚的摩尔比是1:1,反应时间是5小时,反应温度是50℃,分离提纯的试剂是乙酸乙酯和无水甲醇的混合物。
优选的,所述步骤4)中化合物Cou-3和5-硝基-2-呋喃酰氯的摩尔比是1:2.5,反应时间是30分钟,反应温度是常温,分离提纯的试剂是二氯甲烷和无水甲醇的混合物。
上述荧光探针的制备路线如下:
在本发明的第三方面,提供一种第一方面所述的荧光探针在靶向检测细胞内小分子硫醇中的应用。
优选的,所述小分子硫醇包括但不限于半胱氨酸(Cys)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)。
以半胱氨酸为例,本发明所述荧光探针的检测机理为:
本发明所述荧光探针由半花菁荧光团和识别巯基化合物的5-硝基-2-呋喃酸酯构成;其中,亲酯性吲哚阳离子使探针具有线粒体靶向功能,更好的检测线粒体内还原性物质。当加入半胱氨酸时,Cys上的巯基会特异性进攻探针分子内的酯键,导致酯键断裂释放出半花菁,并形成响应的取代产物,从而实现荧光强度由弱到强的过程。
下面结合实施例,对本发明进行更加详细的解释说明。
实施例1
(1)化合物Cou-1的合成:
将化合物2,3,3-三甲基吲哚(1mL,6.2mmol)和碘乙烷(0.75mL,9.4mmol)分别加入50mL圆底烧瓶中,再加入无水乙腈12mL,混合搅拌均匀后放入75℃油浴锅中回流反应10小时。等反应结束后,将体系冷却至室温,然后真空旋蒸浓缩除去溶剂得到红色沉淀物,沉淀物用石油醚洗三次,最后的产物抽滤、烘干,得到红色固体化合物Cou-1,转化率为78%。
(2)化合物Cou-2的合成:
将化合物乙酸钠(0.13g,1.6mmol)和乙酸酐加入50mL圆底烧瓶中混合摇匀,再加入邻二苯甲醛环己烯(0.34g,2mmol)和化合物Cou-1(0.945g,3mmol),整个反应在Ar保护下60℃下反应4小时。待反应结束后,产物用乙醚洗三次,产物抽滤、烘干,最后得到黄绿色固体化合物Cou-2,转化率为72%。
(3)化合物Cou-3的合成:
将化合物1,4-苯二酚(220mg,2.0mmol)于50mL圆底烧瓶中,再加入碳酸钾(280mg,2.0mmol)和14mL乙腈溶液,先在室温条件下搅拌15分钟,再加入化合物Cou-3(630mg,1mmol),然后再放入70℃油浴锅中反应6小时。待反应结束后体系直接旋蒸浓缩除去溶剂,以二氯甲烷:无水甲醇=20:1为洗脱剂,用柱层析法分离,得到蓝绿色固体化合物Cou-3,转化为61%。
(4)化合物Cou-4的合成:
在0℃条件下,先称取化合物Cou-3(53mg,0.1mmol)倒入50mL圆底烧瓶中,先加入7ml二氯甲烷溶剂,再加入三乙胺(35μL,0.25mmol),最后将5-硝基-2-呋喃酰氯(30μL,0.25mmol)缓慢滴加到上述溶液中;整个体系在室温条件下反应30分钟。待反应结束后,真空旋蒸浓缩除去二氯甲烷,以二氯甲烷:无水甲醇=20:1为洗脱剂,使用柱层析法对体系进行分离;旋干后得到蓝色固体化合物Cou-4,转化率为72%。
得到的化合物Cou-4的质谱及核磁表征:
HRMS(ESI)m/z calculated for C32H29N2O6I[M-I]+:537.2020,found:537.1951.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.65(d,J=15.1Hz,1H),7.62(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=3.5Hz,2H),7.49–7.42(m,2H),7.25(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.16(dd,J=8.4,1.8Hz,1H),7.09(s,1H),7.02(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),4.87(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),2.93(d,J=6.3Hz,2H),2.75(t,J=5.9Hz,2H),1.98(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),1.78(d,J=18.9Hz,9H),1.42(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ162.72,157.42,156.51,153.95,151.01,141.74,138.64,129.03,128.60,125.13,122.69,118.91,114.87,114.69,114.53,112.66,111.52,109.88,103.29,52.98,49.44,39.34,28.40,24.17,20.75,12.07.HRMS(ESI)m/zcalculated for C32H29N2O6I[M-I]+:537.2020,found:537.1951.
实施例2
对实施例1制备的探针进行光学性质测试:
称取提纯后的探针固体26mg,加入分析纯的DMSO配成10mM探针溶液,然后用锡纸包裹并保存在冰箱中备用,在进行化学体系测试时将探针稀释为标准的1mM探针溶液进行实验。
如图1所示,加入半胱氨酸后,探针在708nm处出现吸收峰。在单光子682nm激发下,探针与半胱氨酸反应后的体系在708nm处的荧光强度明显增强,且荧光强度随着半胱氨酸浓度增加而增强,并得到了相应的线性方程。如图2所示,线性方程为y=9.711[Cys](μΜ)+216.625,相关系数为0.9772。
实施例1制备的荧光探针对小分子硫醇的选择性实验:
如图3所示,选取了多种离子和氨基酸(Ca2+、K+、Al3+、Mn2+、Na+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Fe2 +、SO3 2-、NO2 -、Arg、Met、Lys、Pro、Ser、Thr、Trp、Val、His、GSH、Hcy、Cys)作为干扰物,探究它们对探针检测硫醇的干扰影响。如图5所示,固定探针的浓度为10μM,各种氨基酸和离子浓度为100μM,在混合缓冲溶液(10mM HEPES+4mM Tris-HCl,pH=7.4)的条件下,先检测了各种离子对探针响应的干扰,发现当加入这些离子时,荧光强度没有显著变化。接着测试了各种氨基酸检测探针对硫醇的选择性,结果发现当加入半胱氨酸、同型半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽时,荧光强度显著增强,这表明了探针对小分子硫醇具有高选择和高灵敏度,可以实现在复杂的生理环境中检测小分子硫醇的目标。
经检测,实施例1制备的荧光探针检测半胱氨酸检出限为2.87μM,检测同型半胱氨酸的检出限为1.06μM,检测谷胱甘肽的检出限为5.32μM。
实施例1制备的荧光探针在细胞内毒性实验:
HepG2(肝癌细胞)的存活率我们使用CCK-8法来检测,先将肝癌细胞接种到96孔板中(边缘用PBS溶液填充),细胞的浓度控制在1×10-5/100μL左右,再加入细胞培养基,放入含有5%CO2的培养箱中37℃培养24小时。然后,设置七组不同浓度的探针溶液加入孔板中孵育。12个小时后,先用移液枪弃去探针溶液,用PBS冲洗细胞后,再加入CCK-8溶液,在37℃细胞培养箱中继续孵育2小时;然后用多功能酶标仪测定细胞在450nm的吸光度。结果如图4所示,发现当探针浓度远大于实验浓度10mmol时,细胞的存活率仍很高,说明探针Cy-FN具有较低的细胞毒性。
实施例3
实施例1制备的荧光探针在细胞中荧光成像实验:
为了探究探针在细胞中的荧光成像,选用HepG2(肝癌细胞)作为研究对象。在使用共聚焦成像前先将HepG2细胞分别加入到两组培养皿中,并在成像前孵育24h。第一组HepG2细胞先加入1.0mM NEM预处理40min,再加入10μM探针在37℃下共同孵育15min;第二组细胞直接加入10μM探针在37℃下避光孵育15min;如图5所示,第一组向HepG2细胞中加入探针孵育15min后,细胞内的有明显的红色荧光;而第二组加入NEM预处理后的细胞内几乎没有荧光;验证了探针对细胞内小分子硫醇具有良好的选择性。
为了探究探针对细胞内线粒体的靶向能力,将10μM探针与200nM线粒体定位剂Mito-Green一起加入到HepG2细胞中共同孵育15min,用PBS冲洗细胞三次,再加入1mL细胞培养基,然后使用SP8显微镜对HepG2细胞进行荧光成像分析。如图6所示,探针的激发波长为633nm,红色通道波长收集范围是690-750nm;其中绿色荧光表示线粒体定位剂Mito-Green染色区域,红色荧光表示探针染色区域,可以看出探针对细胞内线粒体有良好的靶向能力。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (11)
2.如权利要求1所述的荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)化合物Cou-1的合成:
2,3,3-三甲基吲哚和碘乙烷混合,溶于无水乙腈进行回流反应,等反应结束后,将得到的固体沉淀洗涤、烘干后得到红色固体Cou-1;
2)化合物Cou-2的合成:
氮气保护条件下,将乙酸钠和乙酸酐混合,将得到的Cou-1和2-氯-3-(羟基亚甲基)-1-环己烯-1-甲醛加入到上述体系中;等反应结束后,产物洗涤、烘干,得到黄绿色固体Cou-2;
3)化合物Cou-3的合成:
将得到的Cou-2和1,4-苯二酚溶于无水乙腈中,再加入催化剂碳酸钾,先在室温条件下搅拌,再放入50℃油浴锅中反应,产物旋干、分离提纯得到蓝绿色固体Cou-3;
4)化合物Cou-4的合成:
在0℃条件下,将得到的Cou-3溶于无水二氯甲烷溶剂中,加入5-硝基-2-呋喃酰氯,再加入少量三乙胺溶液,然后移至室温继续反应,待反应结束后,加入水进行猝灭;将得到的反应液旋干,分离提纯得到最后的探针Cou-4;
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中2,3,3-三甲基吲哚和碘乙烷的摩尔比是1:1.5,反应时间为22小时,回流反应的温度为85℃,产物用石油醚洗三次抽滤烘干即可。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中化合物Cou-1和2-氯-3-(羟基亚甲基)-1-环己烯-1-甲醛的摩尔比是2:3,在氩气条件下反应4-6小时,反应温度是60-100℃,产物用无水乙醚洗三次抽滤烘干即可。
5.如权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中在氩气条件下反应5小时,反应温度为80℃。
6.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中化合物Cou-2和1,4-苯二酚的摩尔比是1:1,反应时间是4-6小时,反应温度是40-60℃,分离提纯的试剂是乙酸乙酯和无水甲醇的混合物。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)反应时间为5小时,反应温度为50℃。
8.如权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中化合物Cou-3和5-硝基-2-呋喃酰氯的摩尔比是1:2.5,反应时间是10-50分钟,反应温度是常温,分离提纯的试剂是二氯甲烷和无水甲醇的混合物。
9.如权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中反应时间为30分钟。
10.权利要求1所述的荧光探针在制备靶向检测细胞内小分子硫醇试剂中的应用。
11.如权利要求10所述的应用,其特征在于,所述小分子硫醇包括半胱氨酸、同型半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽。
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US20140005181A1 (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-01-02 | Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute | Small molecule antagonists of the apelin receptor for the treatment of disease |
CN107417591A (zh) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-12-01 | 北京化工大学 | 一种四苯乙烯吲哚衍生物及其制备方法和在细胞成像和硫醇类化合物分析中的应用 |
CN111057047A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-24 | 山东师范大学 | 一种检测抑郁症小鼠脑内Cys的近红外荧光探针及其合成方法与应用 |
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US20140005181A1 (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-01-02 | Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute | Small molecule antagonists of the apelin receptor for the treatment of disease |
CN107417591A (zh) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-12-01 | 北京化工大学 | 一种四苯乙烯吲哚衍生物及其制备方法和在细胞成像和硫醇类化合物分析中的应用 |
CN111057047A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-24 | 山东师范大学 | 一种检测抑郁症小鼠脑内Cys的近红外荧光探针及其合成方法与应用 |
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A Unique Approach to Development of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Sensors for in Vivo Imaging;Lin Yuan et al.;《J. Am. Chem. Soc.》;20120720;第134卷;第13510-13523页 * |
硫醇类荧光探针研究进展;尹伶灵等;《分析化学》;20090731;第37卷(第7期);第1073-1081页 * |
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