CN112321446A - 一种酰胺衍生物的合成方法 - Google Patents

一种酰胺衍生物的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN112321446A
CN112321446A CN202011337317.6A CN202011337317A CN112321446A CN 112321446 A CN112321446 A CN 112321446A CN 202011337317 A CN202011337317 A CN 202011337317A CN 112321446 A CN112321446 A CN 112321446A
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程建华
杜克斯
周心慧
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

本发明涉及有机合成领域,公开了一种酰胺衍生物的合成方法,步骤一,丙酮缩甘油在有机溶剂中由NaH制备醇钠,再与烷基溴合成丙酮缩甘油醚;步骤二,该醚随之在酸中水解得到二醇醚;步骤三,二醇醚与TsCl反应得对甲苯磺酸酯衍生物;步骤四,该酯再在NaH作用下脱去对甲苯磺酸即得缩水甘油醚;步骤五,缩水甘油醚继续与乙醇胺在乙醇溶液中胺解得仲胺衍生物;步骤六,仲胺衍生物与烷基羧酸甲酯在碱性条件下进行胺解反应,减压加热脱去甲醇,生成目标产物。本发明条件温和,成本极低,总收率约31%~43%,纯度94%,具有一定的市场竞争力,具有工业化生产的潜力。

Description

一种酰胺衍生物的合成方法
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成领域,特别是涉及一种神经酰胺E的合成方法。
背景技术
迄今为止,在人的角质层中,发现了至少9种神经酰胺。它们在角质层结构稳定、表皮屏障修复及表皮细胞增殖与分化中起重要作用。神经酰胺E(鲸蜡基-PG羟乙基棕榈酰胺)作为类神经酰胺,具有相似的生物活性尤其是具有很好的保湿活性,是一种非常有用的化妆品功效成分。到目前为止,神经酰胺E全合成未见报道。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种成本低廉、合成原料来源广泛的酰胺衍生物的合成方法,尤其是神经酰胺E的合成方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种酰胺衍生物的合成方法,步骤一,丙酮缩甘油在有机溶剂中由NaH制备醇钠,再与烷基溴合成丙酮缩甘油醚;步骤二,该醚随之在酸中水解得到二醇醚;步骤三,二醇醚与TsCl反应得对甲苯磺酸酯衍生物;步骤四,该酯再在NaH作用下脱去对甲苯磺酸即得缩水甘油醚;步骤五,缩水甘油醚继续与乙醇胺在乙醇溶液中胺解得仲胺衍生物;步骤六,仲胺衍生物与烷基羧酸甲酯在碱性条件下进行胺解反应,减压加热脱去甲醇,生成目标产物。
优选地,所述的合成方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在无水溶剂中加入NaH,搅拌分散,并滴加入丙酮缩甘油制备醇钠;随后,再滴加烷基溴,滴毕,搅拌反应,得到丙酮缩甘油醚;
(2)将丙酮缩甘油醚加入到THF及盐酸配制的混合溶剂中,搅拌反应,得到水解产物二醇醚;
(3)将二醇醚及Et3N加入无水DCM中,降温至-5~5℃,再分批加入TsCl,搅拌反应,得到对甲苯磺酸酯衍生物;
(4)将对甲苯磺酸酯衍生物加入到含NaH的有机溶剂中,-5~5℃下搅拌反应完全,得到缩水甘油醚;
(5)将缩水甘油醚加入到乙醇与乙醇胺的混合溶剂中,室温搅拌反应即可得到仲胺衍生物;
(6)仲胺衍生物加热升温,加入碱,搅拌均匀;减压条件下滴加烷基羧酸甲酯进行胺解反应,得目标产物。
优选地,所述烷基醇为R1-OH,烷基羧酸甲酯为R2-COOCH3,所合成的酰胺衍生物的结构通式如下:
Figure BDA0002797636120000021
其中R1和R2为相同的或彼此不同的C10-C24的饱和脂肪链烷烃。
本发明的合成路线如下:
Figure BDA0002797636120000022
优选地,步骤(1)丙酮缩甘油与NaH的摩尔比为1:1.1~1:1.6;丙酮缩甘油与烷基溴的摩尔比为1:1.1~1:1.6。
优选地,步骤(3)所述二醇醚与Et3N的摩尔比为1:08~1:1.2;二醇醚与TsCl的摩尔比为1:08~1:1.2。
优选地,步骤(4)所述对甲苯磺酸酯衍生物与NaH的摩尔比1:1.1~1:1.3;步骤(5)所述缩水甘油醚与乙醇胺的摩尔比1:1~1:6。
优选地,步骤(1)所述反应温度为20~50℃,反应时间为14~19小时。
优选地,步骤(2)所述反应温度为30~50℃,所述反应时间为9~15小时。
优选地,步骤(3)所述反应时间为2~5小时。
优选地,步骤(4)所述反应时间为2~3小时。
优选地,步骤(5)所述反应温度为0~30℃,反应时间为11~17小时。
优选地,步骤(6)反应温度70~120℃,减压反应3~10小时。
优选地,步骤(2)所使用的盐酸浓度为1.0mol/L~2.2mol/L。
优选地,步骤(4)所述有机溶剂为THF、DMF中的一种。
优选地,步骤(6)所述仲胺衍生物与碱的摩尔比为1:0.05~1:0.60;所述碱选自tBuOK、KOH、NaOH、EtONa、MeONa中的至少一种。
优选地,R1为饱和直链C16H33,R2为饱和直链C15H31,目标产物为神经酰胺E。该合成的过程一般为:
步骤一:向两颈瓶中加入DMF及NaH,搅拌均匀;恒压漏洞滴加丙酮缩甘油(A)。滴毕,搅拌片刻,继续滴加溴代十六烷的DMF溶液。最后,室温反应17小时,反应结束,得到丙酮缩甘油醚(B)。
在步骤一中,所述丙酮缩甘油(A)与NaH的摩尔比为1:1.1~1:1.3;
在步骤一中,所述丙酮缩甘油(A)与溴代十六烷的摩尔比为1:1.1~1:1.3。
步骤二:取丙酮缩甘油醚(B)溶于THF中,加入适量的稀盐酸水溶液,室温搅拌即得二醇醚(C)。
在步骤二中,所述稀盐酸水溶液为1.0mol/L~2.2mol/L。
在步骤二中,所述稀盐酸水溶液与THF的体积比为1:2。
步骤三:二醇醚(C)、Et3N溶于DCM中,降温至0℃,加入TsCl反应,即得对甲苯磺酸酯甘油醚(D)。
在步骤三中,所述二醇醚(C)、Et3N、TsCl的摩尔比为1:0.8:0.8~1:1.2:1.2。
步骤四:对甲苯磺酸酯甘油醚(D)溶于DMF中,加入NaH室温搅拌反应,得到产物缩水甘油醚(E)。
在步骤四中,所述对甲苯磺酸酯甘油醚(D)与NaH的摩尔比1:1.1~1.3;
步骤五:缩水甘油醚(E)溶于乙醇中,加入适量乙醇胺,加热搅拌反应,即得仲胺衍生物(F)。
在步骤五中,所述缩水甘油醚(E)与乙醇胺反的摩尔比1:1~1:6;
在步骤五中,所述应温度为25~50℃。
步骤六:仲胺衍生物(F)加热溶解,加入适量碱,搅拌片刻,滴加棕榈酸甲酯,减压下反应,即得产物(G)。
在步骤六中,所述仲胺衍生物(F)与碱的摩尔比为1:0.1~1:0.6;所述碱为NaOH、KOH、MeONa、EtONa中的至少一种;
在步骤六中,所述反应温度为70~120℃。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于:
(1)原料来源丰富、廉价易得;
(2)所有反应步骤常规反应釜、真空泵即可进行。
(3)所有反应均为经典反应,条件温和,成本极低,量产容易实现,神经酰胺E的总收率约31%~43%,纯度94%,具有工业化潜力。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中神经酰胺E的H-NMR;
图2是实施例1中神经酰胺E的C-NMR。
具体实施方式
实施例1
步骤一:向两颈瓶中加入无水DMF 300mL,降温至0℃;分批加入7.26g(180mmol)NaH并搅拌分散均匀,恒压漏斗滴加20.00g(150mmol)丙酮缩甘油(A)的300mL DMF溶液,滴毕室温搅拌30min。继续滴加55.57g(180mmol)溴代十六烷的300mL DMF溶液。然后,室温搅拌反应,约17h反应完全。加入冰水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸干得丙酮缩甘油醚(B)粗品备用。
步骤二:取5.24g(1.47mmol)丙酮缩甘油醚(B)溶于86mL的THF中,加入43mL的1MHCl水溶液,室温搅拌反应,约14h反应完全。用DCM/正己烷重结晶,得到产物二醇醚(C)4.23g,产率91.1%。
步骤三:取1.58g(5mmol)上述二醇醚(C)溶入50mL无水DCM中,加入700μl(5mmol)Et3N,降温至0℃。再加入0.95g(5mmol)TsCl,室温搅拌3小时,加水淬灭。有机层用饱和NaHCO3洗,饱和食盐水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸干,得对甲苯磺酸酯甘油醚(D)粗品备用。
步骤四:上述粗品溶于20mL DMF中,降温至0℃,加入0.26g(6.5mmol)NaH,搅拌反应3小时,TLC监测反应完全,少量水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,水洗,有机层无水Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸干得缩水甘油醚(E)1.16g,产率78.3%。
步骤五:室温条件下,24.30g(82mmol)缩水甘油醚(E)加入到400mL乙醇中,再加入12.50g(200mmol)的乙醇胺,升温45℃,约11小时反应结束,减压蒸除溶剂和未反应的乙醇胺,即得仲胺衍生物(F)粗品备用。
步骤六:取上述仲胺衍生物(F)粗品加入到两口圆底烧瓶中,升温80℃,加入0.91g(16mmol)KOH搅拌至颗粒消失。随后,减压下缓慢滴加26.37g(98mmol)棕榈酸甲酯,滴毕继续反应5小时,停止反应。正己烷重结晶一次,乙醇重结晶一次,得到神经酰胺E,产率73%。神经酰胺E的总产率为33%,纯度为94%。
实施例2
步骤一:向两颈瓶中加入无水THF 300mL,降温至0℃;分批加入7.26g(180mmol)NaH并搅拌分散均匀,恒压漏斗滴加20.00g(150mmol)丙酮缩甘油(A)的300mL THF溶液,滴毕室温搅拌30min。继续滴加55.57g(180mmol)溴代十六烷的300mL THF溶液。然后,室温搅拌反应,约13h反应完全。加入冰水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸干得丙酮缩甘油醚(B)粗品备用。
步骤二:取5.24g(1.47mmol)丙酮缩甘油醚(B)溶于86mL的THF中,加入43mL的1MHCl水溶液,室温搅拌反应,约14h反应完全。用DCM/正己烷重结晶,得到产物二醇醚(C)4.23g,产率92.1%。
步骤三:取1.58g(5mmol)上述二醇醚(C)溶入50mL无水DCM中,加入700μl(5mmol)Et3N,降温至0℃。再加入0.95g(5mmol)TsCl,室温搅拌3小时,加水淬灭。有机层用饱和NaHCO3洗,饱和食盐水洗,无水Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸干,得对甲苯磺酸酯甘油醚(D)粗品备用。
步骤四:上述粗品溶于20mL THF中,降温至0℃,加入0.26g(6.5mmol)NaH,搅拌反应3小时,TLC监测反应完全,少量水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,水洗,有机层无水Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸干得缩水甘油醚(E)1.16g,产率89.3%。
步骤五:室温条件下,24.30g(82mmol)缩水甘油醚(E)加入到400mL乙醇中,再加入12.50g(200mmol)的乙醇胺,升温45℃,约11小时反应结束,减压蒸除溶剂和未反应的乙醇胺,即得仲胺衍生物(F)粗品备用。
步骤六:取上述仲胺衍生物(F)粗品加入到两口圆底烧瓶中,升温80℃,加入0.91g(16mmol)KOH搅拌至颗粒消失。随后,减压下缓慢滴加26.37g(98mmol)棕榈酸甲酯,滴毕继续反应5小时,停止反应。正己烷重结晶一次,乙醇重结晶一次,得到神经酰胺E,产率77%。总产率43%,纯度94%。
以上所述实施例,描述较为具体和详细,但不能认为是对该发明专利的范围限制。应当指出,不脱离该发明构思,简单变形都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种酰胺衍生物的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤一,丙酮缩甘油在有机溶剂中由NaH制备醇钠,再与烷基溴合成丙酮缩甘油醚;步骤二,该醚随之在酸中水解得到二醇醚;步骤三,二醇醚与TsCl反应得对甲苯磺酸酯衍生物;步骤四,该酯再在NaH作用下脱去对甲苯磺酸即得缩水甘油醚;步骤五,缩水甘油醚继续与乙醇胺在乙醇溶液中胺解得仲胺衍生物;步骤六,仲胺衍生物与烷基羧酸甲酯在碱性条件下进行胺解反应,减压加热脱去甲醇,生成目标产物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在无水溶剂中加入NaH,搅拌分散,并滴加入丙酮缩甘油制备醇钠;随后,再滴加烷基溴,滴毕,搅拌反应,得到丙酮缩甘油醚;
(2)将丙酮缩甘油醚加入到THF及盐酸配制的混合溶剂中,搅拌反应,得到水解产物二醇醚;
(3)将二醇醚及Et3N加入无水DCM中,降温至-5~5℃,再分批加入TsCl,搅拌反应,得到对甲苯磺酸酯衍生物;
(4)将对甲苯磺酸酯衍生物加入到含NaH的有机溶剂中,-5~5℃下搅拌反应完全,得到缩水甘油醚;
(5)将缩水甘油醚加入到乙醇与乙醇胺的混合溶剂中,室温搅拌反应即可得到仲胺衍生物;
(6)仲胺衍生物加热升温,加入碱,搅拌均匀;减压条件下滴加烷基羧酸甲酯进行胺解反应,得目标产物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的合成方法,其特征在于,所述烷基醇为R1-OH,烷基羧酸甲酯为R2-COOCH3,所合成的酰胺衍生物的结构通式如下:
Figure FDA0002797636110000011
其中R1和R2为相同的或彼此不同的C10-C24的饱和脂肪链烷烃。
4.根据权利要求3所述的合成方法,其特征在于,R1为饱和直链C16H33,R2为饱和直链C15H31,目标产物为神经酰胺E。
5.根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)丙酮缩甘油与NaH的摩尔比为1:1.1~1:1.6;丙酮缩甘油与烷基溴的摩尔比为1:1.1~1:1.6。
6.根据权利要求5所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述二醇醚与Et3N的摩尔比为1:08~1:1.2;二醇醚与TsCl的摩尔比为1:08~1:1.2;步骤(4)所述对甲苯磺酸酯衍生物与NaH的摩尔比1:1.1~1:1.3;步骤(5)所述缩水甘油醚与乙醇胺的摩尔比1:1~1:6。
7.根据权利要求5所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述反应温度为20~50℃,反应时间为14~19小时;
步骤(2)所述反应温度为30~50℃,所述反应时间为9~15小时;
步骤(3)所述反应时间为2~5小时;
步骤(4)所述反应时间为2~3小时;
步骤(5)所述反应温度为0~30℃,反应时间为11~17小时;
步骤(6)反应温度70~120℃,减压反应3~10小时。
8.根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所使用的盐酸浓度为1.0mol/L~2.2mol/L。
9.根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述有机溶剂为THF、DMF中的一种。
10.根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)所述仲胺衍生物与碱的摩尔比为1:0.05~1:0.60;所述碱选自tBuOK、KOH、NaOH、EtONa、MeONa中的至少一种。
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CN115960009A (zh) * 2021-10-13 2023-04-14 上海奥利实业有限公司 一种鲸蜡基-pg羟乙基棕榈酰胺的合成方法

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