CN112293152B - Method for improving yield of agaricus bisporus by adopting three-time fermentation - Google Patents

Method for improving yield of agaricus bisporus by adopting three-time fermentation Download PDF

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CN112293152B
CN112293152B CN202011214236.7A CN202011214236A CN112293152B CN 112293152 B CN112293152 B CN 112293152B CN 202011214236 A CN202011214236 A CN 202011214236A CN 112293152 B CN112293152 B CN 112293152B
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CN112293152A (en
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隽加香
黄建春
王倩
肖婷婷
宋晓霞
张津京
陈辉
高照亮
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Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract

A method for improving the yield of agaricus bisporus by adopting three-time fermentation relates to an agaricus bisporus cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method for agaricus bisporus by utilizing three-time fermentation mushroom culture materials. The invention aims to solve the problem of low yield of agaricus bisporus in unit area in the existing cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing; secondly, prewetting; thirdly, mixing materials; fourthly, primary fermentation compost is obtained through primary fermentation; fifthly, performing secondary fermentation to obtain secondary fermentation compost; sixthly, fermenting for three times to obtain fermented compost; seventhly, mushroom house cultivation management: firstly, charging; ②, pumping water; thirdly, cooling; fourthly, wetting; fifthly, once moisture transfer; sixthly, wetting; seventhly, secondary moisture transfer; and the third step. The advantages are that: the yield of the agaricus bisporus reaches 18kg/m in one tide 2 The total yield of the three tides reaches 35kg/m 2 The above. The invention is mainly used for producing the agaricus bisporus.

Description

Method for improving yield of agaricus bisporus by adopting three-time fermentation
Technical Field
The invention relates to an agaricus bisporus cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method for agaricus bisporus by utilizing a three-time fermentation mushroom culture material.
Background
Agaricus bisporus (Agaricus bisporus) is also called white mushroom, and Agaricus bisporus, and the producer of Europe and America countries is often called common cultivated mushroom or button mushroom. Agaricus bisporus is a mushroom which is cultivated and consumed worldwide, is called as 'world mushroom', and can be sold fresh, canned and salted. The mycelium of Agaricus bisporus is also used as raw material for preparing medicine. Agaricus bisporusThe cultivation methods include mushroom house cultivation, large shed frame cultivation, greenhouse ridge cultivation and the like. Different regions, different climatic conditions and different seasons can adopt cultivation modes suitable for the user. Has wide distribution and is generally cultivated in China. The existing production process mostly utilizes secondary fermentation mushroom culture material to carry out agaricus bisporus, and the yield of one tide is generally 10kg/m 2 ～13kg/m 2 The total yield of the three tides is 20kg/m 2 ～25kg/m 2 Although a very suitable growing environment is provided for the agaricus bisporus, the problem of low yield of the agaricus bisporus in unit area cannot be changed; the domestic three-time fermentation technology for preparing the agaricus bisporus culture material has strict requirements on the quality of wheat straws, and the requirements on the wheat straws are as follows: the wheat straw is in a tubular shape, bright yellow, and one root stalk is 20-25 cm long, and the wheat straw with the texture can keep the structure of the wheat straw for a long time; and has extremely high requirements on the quality of the chicken manure: the nitrogen content of the chicken manure is required to be about 4-5 percent, and the water content is required to be 30-50 percent; the total yield of the three tides can only reach 30kg/m 2 ～33kg/m 2 。
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of low yield of agaricus bisporus in unit area in the existing cultivation method, and provides a method for improving the yield of agaricus bisporus by adopting three times of fermentation.
A method for improving yield of agaricus bisporus by adopting three times of fermentation is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, weighing: collecting chicken manure, detecting the nitrogen content in the chicken manure, and if the nitrogen content in the chicken manure is lower than 2%, adding a nitrogen source into the chicken manure until the nitrogen content of the chicken manure reaches 2% -4%, so as to obtain high-quality chicken manure with nitrogen content; then weighing 800-1000 parts of wheat straw, 400-500 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 80-100 parts of gypsum and 60-70 parts of peanut meal in parts by weight;
secondly, prewetting: filling water into a fermentation process recovery water tank, soaking 800-1000 parts of the wheat straw weighed in the step one in the fermentation process recovery water tank until no bubbles emerge, taking out the wheat straw, stacking the wheat straw until the temperature in the stack is raised to 50-60 ℃, and obtaining pre-wetted wheat straw;
thirdly, mixing materials: feeding 400-500 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 80-100 parts of gypsum and 60-70 parts of peanut meal weighed in the step one and the pre-wetted wheat straw obtained in the step two into a crushing and mixing machine for crushing and mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture to be fermented; supplementing water in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the mixture to be fermented is 70-80%; the average length of the wheat straws in the mixture to be fermented is 5 cm-6 cm;
fourthly, primary fermentation: piling the mixture to be fermented into a high-pressure fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 4.5-6.5 m, and fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 77-83 ℃ until the weight of the piled material is reduced by 20-25% to obtain primary fermentation compost;
fifthly, secondary fermentation: firstly, a temperature equalizing period: piling the primary fermentation compost into a secondary fermentation bin, wherein the height of the compost is 2.5-3.2 m, and fermenting for 13-14 h at the temperature of 45 ℃; secondly, a temperature rising period: heating the temperature of the stockpile in the secondary fermentation bin from 45 ℃ to 56-60 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.3 ℃/h-1.5 ℃/h; ③ pasteurization stage: fermenting for 8-10 h at the stacking temperature of 56-60 ℃; fourthly, cooling period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be 45 ℃ until the temperature of the stockpile is reduced to 46-49 ℃; fifthly, temperature control period: fermenting at the temperature of 46-49 ℃ until the concentration of ammonia in air in the secondary fermentation chamber is lower than 5 ppm; sixthly, the sowing period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be room temperature, and naturally cooling the stockpile until the temperature of the stockpile is 25-26 ℃ to obtain secondary fermentation compost;
sixthly, three times of fermentation: uniformly sowing agaricus bisporus strains in secondary fermentation compost at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ of stacking material, wherein the sowing amount is 7-10L/t, and fermenting for 16-19 d at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ of stacking material to obtain fermentation compost;
seventhly, mushroom house cultivation management: charging: mixing liquid microbial fertilizer into the fermented compost to obtain compost, paving the compost on a bedstead according to the thickness of 18cm, then covering turfy soil, wherein the turfy soil is covered to the thickness of 6 cm-7 cm, filling compost into the bedstead, wherein the temperature of the compost is 23-24 ℃, and the application amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer in the compost is 3mL/kg @6 mL/kg; the microorganism in the liquid microbial fertilizer is bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the liquid microbial fertilizer is 2 multiplied by 10 8 Per mL; ②, water fetching: after the charging is finished, the water injection amount is 2L/m 2 ～6L/m 2 Sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is beaten; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times the next day with water amount of 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23-24 ℃; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times in the amount of 2L/m each time on the third day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23-24 ℃; applying sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 2 times every day, 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 25-26 ℃; on the fifth day, the total water injection amount is 20L/m within five days 2 ～24L/m 2 Adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, wherein the culture material temperature is 25-26 ℃; thirdly, cooling: controlling the air temperature of the mushroom house to be 17 ℃ so that the temperature of the compost is naturally cooled to 17 ℃, and CO is initially cooled 2 The concentration is controlled to be 3000 ppm-5000 ppm, and CO is discharged at the speed rate of 300 ppm/d-500 ppm/d in the process of temperature reduction 2 The concentration is reduced to 1200 ppm; fourthly, humidifying: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 88% air humidity until the first tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; fifth, primary tide conversion: at the culture material temperature of 17.5-18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out primary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; sixthly, twice wetting: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 86% air humidity until the second tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; and seventhly, secondary moisture transfer: at the culture material temperature of 17.5-18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out secondary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; eighthly, three tides: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing under the conditions that the concentration is 1200ppm and the air humidity is 84% -85% until the three tides are finished, and harvesting the agaricus bisporus.
The principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows: firstly, building a pile in the process of prewetting the wheat straws by using the wheat straws as an important carbon source nutrient source, raising the temperature in the pile by using the pile, decomposing a wax layer by using thermophilic microorganisms to enable the wheat straws to absorb water, and absorbing the water to play a role in buffering the water after the surface wax layer is removed; the invention also providesAdding chicken manure which contains nitrogen elements and serves as a nitrogen source nutrient source of microorganisms in the compost, detecting the nitrogen content in the chicken manure in order to ensure that the nitrogen content in the chicken manure meets the nutrient supply requirement, and if the nitrogen content in the chicken manure is insufficient, additionally supplementing the nitrogen source; therefore, the fermented compost obtained in the sixth step of the invention contains rich carbon sources and nitrogen sources. Secondly, the invention completes one-time fermentation at a high temperature (77-83 ℃), and the oxygen supply is sufficient in the fermentation process, so most of microorganisms can be killed (a non-totally enclosed fermentation tank is adopted), and the aim is to culture compost with uniformity (almost same quality) and selectivity (only suitable for agaricus bisporus growth); thirdly, the secondary fermentation is divided into a temperature equalizing period, a heating period, a pasteurization period, a cooling period, a temperature control period and a seeding period, wherein the temperature equalizing period is as follows: fermenting at the stacking temperature of 45 ℃ to reduce the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the stacking to be within 3 ℃, wherein the stacking temperature of 45 ℃ is most suitable for opening the wheat straws; a temperature rise period: when the internal and external temperature difference of the stockpile is reduced to 3 ℃, entering a temperature rise period, wherein the temperature of the stockpile is raised by the activity of microorganisms, and the temperature is raised to 56-60 ℃; and (3) pasteurization stage: when the temperature is raised to 56-60 ℃, the pasteurization process is started, pathogenic microorganisms in the stockpile are killed in the pasteurization period, and the ammonia content in air is generally 250-600 ppm when the pasteurization period is finished; and (3) cooling period: after the pasteurization period is finished, controlling the air temperature to be 45 ℃ and slowly cooling the stockpile to 46-49 ℃; temperature control period: when the temperature of the stockpile is reduced to 46-49 ℃, entering a temperature control period, and fermenting at the stockpile temperature of 46-49 ℃ in the temperature control period until the ammonia concentration in the air is lower than 5 ppm; and (3) sowing period: after the temperature control period is finished, naturally cooling the stockpile until the temperature of the stockpile is 25-26 ℃; fourthly, strains are sown during the third fermentation, and fermentation is carried out at the temperature of 25-26 ℃, so that the rapid growth of the strains is promoted, the mycelia are full of compost, uniform and consistent spawn running materials are produced, and the fermentation time is effectively shortened to avoid the risk of pest and disease infection; and fifthly, the liquid microbial fertilizer is added into the fermented compost, and the fermented compost is decomposed by using the bacillus amyloliquefaciens, so that sufficient nutrition is provided for the growth of the agaricus bisporus. Sixthly, the yield of the agaricus bisporus in the first tidal period of the invention reaches 18kg/m 2 The total yield of the three tides reaches 35kg/m 2 As described above.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is a method for improving the yield of agaricus bisporus by adopting three times of fermentation, which is specifically completed by the following steps:
firstly, weighing: collecting chicken manure, detecting the nitrogen content in the chicken manure, and if the nitrogen content in the chicken manure is lower than 2%, adding a nitrogen source into the chicken manure until the nitrogen content of the chicken manure reaches 2% -4%, so as to obtain high-quality chicken manure with nitrogen content; then weighing 800-1000 parts of wheat straw, 400-500 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 80-100 parts of gypsum and 60-70 parts of peanut meal according to parts by weight;
secondly, prewetting: filling water into a fermentation process recovery water tank, soaking 800-1000 parts of the wheat straw weighed in the step one in the fermentation process recovery water tank until no bubbles emerge, taking out the wheat straw, stacking the wheat straw until the temperature in the stack is raised to 50-60 ℃, and obtaining pre-wetted wheat straw;
thirdly, mixing materials: feeding 400-500 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 80-100 parts of gypsum and 60-70 parts of peanut meal weighed in the step one and the pre-wetted wheat straw obtained in the step two into a crushing and mixing machine for crushing and mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture to be fermented; supplementing water in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the mixture to be fermented is 70-80%; the average length of the wheat straws in the mixture to be fermented is 5 cm-6 cm;
fourthly, primary fermentation: piling the mixture to be fermented into a high-pressure fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 4.5-6.5 m, and fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 77-83 ℃ until the weight of the piled material is reduced by 20-25% to obtain primary fermentation compost;
fifthly, secondary fermentation: firstly, temperature equalization period: piling the primary fermentation compost into a secondary fermentation bin, wherein the height of the compost is 2.5-3.2 m, and fermenting for 13-14 h at the temperature of 45 ℃; secondly, a temperature rising period: heating the temperature of the stockpile in the secondary fermentation bin from 45 ℃ to 56-60 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.3 ℃/h-1.5 ℃/h; and thirdly, during the pasteurization stage: fermenting for 8-10 h at the stacking temperature of 56-60 ℃; fourthly, cooling period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be 45 ℃ until the temperature of the stockpile is reduced to 46-49 ℃; fifthly, temperature control period: fermenting at the temperature of 46-49 ℃ until the concentration of ammonia gas in air in the secondary fermentation chamber is lower than 5 ppm; sixthly, the sowing period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be room temperature, and naturally cooling the stockpile until the temperature of the stockpile is 25-26 ℃ to obtain secondary fermentation compost;
sixthly, three times of fermentation: uniformly sowing agaricus bisporus strains in secondary fermentation compost at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ of stacking material, wherein the sowing amount is 7-10L/t, and fermenting for 16-19 d at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ of stacking material to obtain fermentation compost;
seventhly, mushroom house cultivation management: charging: mixing liquid microbial fertilizer into the fermented compost to obtain compost, paving the compost on a bed frame according to the thickness of 18cm, then covering turfy soil, wherein the turfy soil covering thickness is 6 cm-7 cm, filling compost into the bed frame, wherein the temperature of the compost is 23-24 ℃, and the application amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer in the compost is 3 mL/kg-6 mL/kg; the microorganism in the liquid microbial fertilizer is bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the liquid microbial fertilizer is 2 multiplied by 10 8 Per mL; ②, water fetching: after the charging is finished, the water injection amount is 2L/m 2 ～6L/m 2 Sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is beaten; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times the next day with water amount of 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23-24 ℃; adding sodium hypochlorite water solution 3 times in an amount of 2L/m each time on the third day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23-24 ℃; applying sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 2 times every day, 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 25-26 ℃; on the fifth day, the total water injection amount is 20L/m within five days 2 ～24L/m 2 Adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, wherein the culture material temperature is 25-26 ℃; thirdly, cooling: controlling the air temperature of the mushroom house to be 17 ℃ so that the temperature of the compost is naturally cooled to 17 ℃, and CO is initially cooled 2 The concentration is controlled to be 3000 ppm-5000 ppm, and CO is discharged at the speed rate of 300 ppm/d-500 ppm/d in the process of temperature reduction 2 The concentration is reduced to 1200 ppm; fourthly, humidifying: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at a concentration of 1200ppm and an air humidity of 88% until the end of a tide,collecting agaricus bisporus; fifth, one-time moisture transfer: at the culture material temperature of 17.5-18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out primary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; sixthly, twice wetting: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 86% air humidity until the second tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; and seventhly, secondary moisture transfer: at the culture material temperature of 17.5-18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out secondary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; eighthly, three tides: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing under the conditions that the concentration is 1200ppm and the air humidity is 84% -85% until the three tides are finished, and harvesting the agaricus bisporus.
The nitrogen content of the high-quality chicken manure is generally 4-5%, while the requirement on the quality of the chicken manure is not high in the embodiment, but when the nitrogen content of the chicken manure is lower than 2%, a nitrogen source needs to be added into the chicken manure, so that the nitrogen content of the chicken manure is ensured to reach 2-4%.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that: and in the first step, the nitrogen source is urea or ammonium sulfate salt. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: and in the second step, underground water or tap water is adopted to fill the fermentation process recovery water tank. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is as follows: in the fourth step, in the process of fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 77-83 ℃ until the weight of the compost is reduced by 20% -25%, the oxygen content of the internal air of the compost is not lower than 8% by controlling a fan, and the water content of the compost is not lower than 70% by adding water, and the specific process is as follows:
starting the fan for 5min and then closing the fan for 5min at the beginning of the fermentation process; after 24 times of fermentation, turning over the piles in a first rotating bin, adding water at the same time, ensuring that the water content of the piled materials is not lower than 70%, continuing fermentation, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; performing secondary warehouse transfer and pile turning after fermenting for 3d, adding water simultaneously to ensure that the water content of the piled materials is not less than 70%, continuing fermenting, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; after fermenting for 5 days, turning the material to a third warehouse and turning the material, and simultaneously adding water to ensure that the water content of the material is not lower than 70%; fermenting continuously until the weight of the piled materials is reduced by 20-25 percent.
The others are the same as in the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the agaricus bisporus strain produced in the sixth step is a strain A15 produced by the national Biotechnology Limited of Scherfeng, USA. The rest is the same as the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is as follows: gypsum, lime and formaldehyde are added into the turfy soil in the seventh step, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the gypsum is 300:1, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the lime is 300:1.5, and the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the formaldehyde is 300: 1.5. The rest is the same as the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: and seventhly, the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite in the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is 300 ppm-450 ppm. The rest is the same as the first to sixth embodiments.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and one or a combination of several embodiments may also achieve the object of the invention.
The following tests are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
example 1: a method for improving yield of agaricus bisporus by adopting three times of fermentation is specifically completed according to the following steps:
firstly, weighing: collecting chicken manure, detecting the nitrogen content in the chicken manure, and if the nitrogen content in the chicken manure is lower than 2%, adding a nitrogen source into the chicken manure until the nitrogen content of the chicken manure reaches 2% -4%, so as to obtain high-quality chicken manure with nitrogen content; the nitrogen content in the high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure is 3.1%, and the nitrogen source is urea; then weighing 900 parts of wheat straw, 450 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 90 parts of gypsum and 65 parts of peanut meal according to parts by weight;
secondly, prewetting: filling a fermentation process recovery water tank with underground water, soaking 900 parts of the wheat straws weighed in the step one in the fermentation process recovery water tank until no bubbles appear, taking out the wheat straws, piling the wheat straws after the wheat straws are taken out, and stacking the wheat straws until the temperature in the pile is raised to 55 ℃ to obtain pre-wetted wheat straws;
thirdly, mixing materials: feeding 450 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 90 parts of gypsum and 65 parts of peanut meal weighed in the first step and the pre-wetted wheat straw obtained in the second step into a crushing and mixing machine for crushing and mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture to be fermented; supplementing water in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the mixture to be fermented is 73%; the average length of the wheat straws in the mixture to be fermented is 5.4 cm;
fourthly, primary fermentation: piling the mixture to be fermented into a high-pressure fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 5m, fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 77-83 ℃, starting a fan for 5min at the beginning of the fermentation process, and then closing the fan for 5 min; after 24 times of fermentation, turning over the piles in a first rotating bin, adding water at the same time, ensuring that the water content of the piled materials is not lower than 70%, continuing fermentation, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; performing secondary warehouse transfer and pile turning after fermenting for 3d, adding water simultaneously to ensure that the water content of the piled materials is not less than 70%, continuing fermenting, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; after fermenting for 5 days, turning the material to a third warehouse and turning the material, and simultaneously adding water to ensure that the water content of the material is not lower than 70%; continuing fermenting until the weight of the compost is reduced by 23 percent to obtain primary fermentation compost;
fifthly, secondary fermentation: firstly, temperature equalization period: piling the primary fermentation compost into a secondary fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 3m, and fermenting for 13 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃; and secondly, heating period: heating the temperature of the stockpile in the secondary fermentation bin from 45 ℃ to 60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.4 ℃/h; ③ pasteurization stage: fermenting for 9h at the stacking temperature of 60 ℃; fourthly, cooling period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be 45 ℃ until the temperature of the stockpile is reduced to 47.5 ℃; fifthly, temperature control period: fermenting at 47.5 deg.C until the concentration of ammonia in air in the secondary fermentation chamber is less than 5 ppm; sixthly, the sowing period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be room temperature, and naturally cooling the stockpile until the temperature of the stockpile is 25 ℃ to obtain secondary fermentation compost;
sixthly, three times of fermentation: uniformly sowing agaricus bisporus strains in the secondary fermented compost at the stacking temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the sowing amount is 10L/t, and fermenting for 18d at the stacking temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain fermented compost;
seventhly, mushroom house cultivation management: firstly, charging: mixing liquid microbial fertilizer into the fermented compost to obtain compost, paving the compost on a bed frame according to the thickness of 18cm, then covering turfy soil, wherein the turfy soil covering thickness is 6cm, filling compost into the bed frame, wherein the temperature of the compost is 23 ℃, and the application amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer in the compost is 4.5 mL/kg; the microorganism in the liquid microbial fertilizer is bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the liquid microbial fertilizer is 2 multiplied by 10 8 Per mL; ②, water fetching: after the charging is finished, the water injection amount is 4L/m 2 Sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is beaten; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times the next day with water amount of 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times in the amount of 2L/m each time on the third day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; applying sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 2 times every time at a rate of 2L/m on the fourth day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 25-26 ℃; on the fifth day, the total water injection amount is 22L/m within five days 2 Adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, wherein the culture material temperature is 25 ℃; thirdly, cooling: controlling the air temperature of the mushroom house to be 17 ℃ so that the temperature of the compost is naturally cooled to 17 ℃, and CO is initially cooled 2 The concentration is controlled at 4000ppm and CO is introduced during the cooling process at a rate of 400ppm/d 2 The concentration is reduced to 1200 ppm; fourthly, humidifying: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 88% air humidity until the first tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; fifth, one-time moisture transfer: at a culture material temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out primary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; sixthly, twice wetting: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 86% air humidity until the second tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; and seventhly, secondary moisture transfer: at a culture medium temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out secondary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; eighthly, three tides: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Concentration ofCulturing at 1200ppm and air humidity of 84.5% until the end of three tides, and collecting Agaricus bisporus.
Example 1 the Agaricus bisporus strain produced by Scherfeng International Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in the sixth step is A15.
Gypsum, lime and formaldehyde are added into the turfy soil in the seventh step of the embodiment 1, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the gypsum is 300:1, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the lime is 300:1.5, and the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the formaldehyde is 300: 1.5.
Example 1 in step seven, the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution had a sodium hypochlorite concentration of 400 ppm.
Example 2: and (3) comparing the liquid microbial fertilizer with too small addition amount:
firstly, weighing: collecting chicken manure, detecting the nitrogen content in the chicken manure, and if the nitrogen content in the chicken manure is lower than 2%, adding a nitrogen source into the chicken manure until the nitrogen content of the chicken manure reaches 2% -4%, so as to obtain high-quality chicken manure with nitrogen content; the nitrogen content in the high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure is 3.1%, and the nitrogen source is urea; then weighing 900 parts of wheat straw, 450 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 90 parts of gypsum and 65 parts of peanut meal according to parts by weight; the wheat straw is in a round tube shape, is bright yellow in color and has an average length of 23 cm;
secondly, prewetting: filling a fermentation process recovery water tank with underground water, soaking 900 parts of the wheat straws weighed in the step one in the fermentation process recovery water tank until no bubbles appear, taking out the wheat straws, piling the wheat straws after the wheat straws are taken out, and stacking the wheat straws until the temperature in the pile is raised to 55 ℃ to obtain pre-wetted wheat straws;
thirdly, mixing materials: feeding 450 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 90 parts of gypsum and 65 parts of peanut meal weighed in the first step and the pre-wetted wheat straw obtained in the second step into a crushing and mixing machine for crushing and mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture to be fermented; supplementing water in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the mixture to be fermented is 73%; the average length of the wheat straws in the mixture to be fermented is 5.4 cm;
fourthly, primary fermentation: piling the mixture to be fermented in a high-pressure fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 5m, fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 77-83 ℃, starting a fan for 5min at the beginning of the fermentation process, and then closing the fan for 5 min; after fermentation 24, performing first-time warehouse transfer and pile turning, adding water at the same time to ensure that the water content of the piled materials is not lower than 70%, continuing fermentation, and turning on a fan for 5min and then turning off the fan for 17 min; after fermenting for 3d, turning the storehouse for the second time, turning over the piles, adding water at the same time, ensuring that the water content of the piles is not lower than 70%, continuing fermenting, turning on a fan for 5min, and then turning off the fan for 17 min; after fermenting for 5 days, turning the material to a third warehouse and turning the material, and simultaneously adding water to ensure that the water content of the material is not lower than 70%; continuing fermenting until the weight of the compost is reduced by 23 percent to obtain primary fermentation compost;
fifthly, secondary fermentation: firstly, temperature equalization period: piling the primary fermentation compost into a secondary fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 3m, and fermenting for 13 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃; secondly, a temperature rising period: heating the temperature of the stockpile in the secondary fermentation bin from 45 ℃ to 60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.4 ℃/h; and thirdly, during the pasteurization stage: fermenting for 9h at the stacking temperature of 60 ℃; fourthly, cooling period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be 45 ℃ until the temperature of the stockpile is reduced to 47.5 ℃; fifthly, temperature control period: fermenting at 47.5 deg.C until the concentration of ammonia in air in the secondary fermentation chamber is less than 5 ppm; sixthly, the sowing period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be room temperature, and naturally cooling the stockpile until the temperature of the stockpile is 25 ℃ to obtain secondary fermentation compost;
and sixthly, three-time fermentation: uniformly sowing agaricus bisporus strains in the secondary fermented compost at the stacking temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the sowing amount is 10L/t, and fermenting for 18d at the stacking temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain fermented compost;
seventhly, mushroom house cultivation management: charging: mixing liquid microbial fertilizer into the fermented compost to obtain compost, paving the compost on a bed frame according to the thickness of 18cm, then covering turfy soil, wherein the turfy soil covering thickness is 6cm, filling compost into the bed frame, wherein the temperature of the compost is 23 ℃, and the application amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer in the compost is 2 mL/kg; the microorganism in the liquid microbial fertilizer is bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the liquid microbial fertilizer is 2 multiplied by 10 8 Per mL; ②,Water fetching: after the charging is finished, the water injection amount is 4L/m 2 Sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is beaten; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times the next day with water amount of 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times in the amount of 2L/m each time on the third day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; applying sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 2 times every day, 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 25-26 ℃; on the fifth day, the total water injection amount is 22L/m within five days 2 Adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, wherein the culture material temperature is 25 ℃; thirdly, cooling: controlling the air temperature of the mushroom house to be 17 ℃ so that the temperature of the compost is naturally cooled to 17 ℃, and CO is initially cooled 2 The concentration is controlled at 4000ppm and CO is introduced during the cooling process at a rate of 400ppm/d 2 The concentration is reduced to 1200 ppm; fourthly, humidifying: at a culture temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 88% air humidity until the first tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; fifth, one-time moisture transfer: at a culture material temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out primary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; sixthly, twice wetting: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 86% air humidity until the second tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; and seventhly, secondary moisture transfer: at a culture material temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out secondary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; eighthly, three tides: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 84.5% air humidity until the end of the three tides, and collecting Agaricus bisporus.
Example 2 the Agaricus bisporus strain produced by Scherfeng International Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in the sixth step is A15.
Gypsum, lime and formaldehyde are added into the turfy soil in the seventh step of the embodiment 2, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the gypsum is 300:1, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the lime is 300:1.5, and the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the formaldehyde is 300: 1.5.
Example 2 step seven the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution has a sodium hypochlorite concentration of 400 ppm.
Example 3: and (3) comparing the excessive addition amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer:
firstly, weighing: collecting chicken manure, detecting the nitrogen content in the chicken manure, and if the nitrogen content in the chicken manure is lower than 2%, adding a nitrogen source into the chicken manure until the nitrogen content of the chicken manure reaches 2% -4%, so as to obtain high-quality chicken manure with nitrogen content; the nitrogen content in the high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure is 3.1%, and the nitrogen source is urea; then weighing 900 parts of wheat straw, 450 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 90 parts of gypsum and 65 parts of peanut meal according to parts by weight; the wheat straw is in a round tube shape, is bright yellow in color and has an average length of 23 cm;
secondly, prewetting: filling a fermentation process recovery water tank with underground water, soaking 900 parts of the wheat straws weighed in the step one in the fermentation process recovery water tank until no bubbles appear, taking out the wheat straws, piling the wheat straws after the wheat straws are taken out, and stacking the wheat straws until the temperature in the pile is raised to 55 ℃ to obtain pre-wetted wheat straws;
thirdly, mixing materials: feeding 450 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 90 parts of gypsum and 65 parts of peanut meal weighed in the first step and the pre-wetted wheat straw obtained in the second step into a crushing and mixing machine for crushing and mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture to be fermented; supplementing water in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the mixture to be fermented is 73%; the average length of the wheat straws in the mixture to be fermented is 5.4 cm;
fourthly, primary fermentation: piling the mixture to be fermented into a high-pressure fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 5m, fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 77-83 ℃, starting a fan for 5min at the beginning of the fermentation process, and then closing the fan for 5 min; after 24 times of fermentation, turning over the piles in a first rotating bin, adding water at the same time, ensuring that the water content of the piled materials is not lower than 70%, continuing fermentation, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; performing secondary warehouse transfer and pile turning after fermenting for 3d, adding water simultaneously to ensure that the water content of the piled materials is not less than 70%, continuing fermenting, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; after 5 days of fermentation, turning the storehouse and turning the pile for the third time, and simultaneously adding water to ensure that the water content of the piled material is not lower than 70 percent; continuing fermenting until the weight of the compost is reduced by 23 percent to obtain primary fermentation compost;
fifthly, secondary fermentation: firstly, temperature equalization period: piling the primary fermentation compost into a secondary fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 3m, and fermenting for 13 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃; secondly, a temperature rising period: heating the temperature of the stockpile in the secondary fermentation bin from 45 ℃ to 60 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.4 ℃/h; ③ pasteurization stage: fermenting for 9h at the stacking temperature of 60 ℃; fourthly, cooling period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be 45 ℃ until the temperature of the stockpile is reduced to 47.5 ℃; fifthly, temperature control period: fermenting at 47.5 deg.C until the concentration of ammonia in air in the secondary fermentation chamber is less than 5 ppm; sixthly, the sowing period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be room temperature, and naturally cooling the stockpile until the temperature of the stockpile is 25 ℃ to obtain secondary fermentation compost;
sixthly, three times of fermentation: uniformly sowing agaricus bisporus strains in the secondary fermented compost at the stacking temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the sowing amount is 10L/t, and fermenting for 18d at the stacking temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain fermented compost;
seventhly, mushroom house cultivation management: firstly, charging: mixing liquid microbial fertilizer into the fermented compost to obtain compost, paving the compost on a bed frame according to the thickness of 18cm, then covering turfy soil, wherein the turfy soil covering thickness is 6cm, filling compost into the bed frame, wherein the temperature of the compost is 23 ℃, and the application amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer in the compost is 8 mL/kg; the microorganism in the liquid microbial fertilizer is bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the liquid microbial fertilizer is 2 multiplied by 10 8 Per mL; ②, water fetching: after the charging is finished, the water injection amount is 4L/m 2 Sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is beaten; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times the next day with water amount of 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times in the amount of 2L/m each time on the third day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; applying sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 2 times every day, 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 25-26 ℃; on the fifth day, the total water injection amount is 22L/m within five days 2 Adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, wherein the culture material temperature is 25 ℃; thirdly, cooling: controlling the air temperature of the mushroom house to be 17 ℃, naturally cooling the temperature of the compost to 17 ℃, and performing CO initial cooling 2 The concentration is controlled at 4000ppm and CO is introduced during the cooling process at a rate of 400ppm/d 2 The concentration is reduced to 1200 ppm; fourthly, the,Firstly, tide: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 88% air humidity until the first tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; fifth, one-time moisture transfer: at a culture material temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out primary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; sixthly, twice wetting: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 86% air humidity until the second tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; and seventhly, secondary moisture transfer: at a culture material temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out secondary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; eighthly, three tides: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing under the conditions of the concentration of 1200ppm and the air humidity of 84.5 percent until the three tides are finished, and harvesting the agaricus bisporus.
Example 3 the Agaricus bisporus strain produced by Scherfeng International Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in the sixth step is A15.
In the seventh step of the embodiment 3, gypsum, lime and formaldehyde are added into the turfy soil, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the gypsum is 300:1, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the lime is 300:1.5, and the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the formaldehyde is 300: 1.5.
Example 3 in step seven, the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution had a sodium hypochlorite concentration of 400 ppm.
Comparative example 1: blank comparative example
Firstly, weighing: collecting chicken manure, detecting the nitrogen content in the chicken manure, and if the nitrogen content in the chicken manure is lower than 2%, adding a nitrogen source into the chicken manure until the nitrogen content of the chicken manure reaches 2% -4%, so as to obtain high-quality chicken manure with nitrogen content; the nitrogen content in the high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure is 3.1%, and the nitrogen source is urea; then weighing 900 parts of wheat straw, 450 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 90 parts of gypsum and 65 parts of peanut meal according to parts by weight; the wheat straw is in a round tube shape, is bright yellow in color and has an average length of 23 cm;
secondly, prewetting: filling a fermentation process recovery water tank with underground water, soaking 900 parts of the wheat straws weighed in the step one in the fermentation process recovery water tank until no bubbles appear, taking out the wheat straws, piling the wheat straws after the wheat straws are taken out, and stacking the wheat straws until the temperature in the pile is raised to 55 ℃ to obtain pre-wetted wheat straws;
thirdly, mixing materials: feeding 450 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 90 parts of gypsum and 65 parts of peanut meal weighed in the first step and the pre-wetted wheat straw obtained in the second step into a crushing and mixing machine for crushing and mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture to be fermented; supplementing water in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the mixture to be fermented is 73%; the average length of the wheat straws in the mixture to be fermented is 5.4 cm;
fourthly, primary fermentation: piling the mixture to be fermented into a high-pressure fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 5m, fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 77-83 ℃, starting a fan for 5min at the beginning of the fermentation process, and then closing the fan for 5 min; after 24 times of fermentation, turning over the piles in a first rotating bin, adding water at the same time, ensuring that the water content of the piled materials is not lower than 70%, continuing fermentation, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; performing secondary warehouse transfer and pile turning after fermenting for 3d, adding water simultaneously to ensure that the water content of the piled materials is not less than 70%, continuing fermenting, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; after fermenting for 5 days, turning the material to a third warehouse and turning the material, and simultaneously adding water to ensure that the water content of the material is not lower than 70%; continuing fermenting until the weight of the compost is reduced by 23 percent to obtain primary fermentation compost;
fifthly, secondary fermentation: firstly, temperature equalization period: piling the primary fermentation compost into a secondary fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 3m, and fermenting for 13 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃; secondly, a temperature rising period: heating the temperature of the stockpile in the secondary fermentation bin from 45 ℃ to 60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.4 ℃/h; and thirdly, during the pasteurization stage: fermenting for 9h at the stacking temperature of 60 ℃; fourthly, cooling period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be 45 ℃ until the temperature of the stockpile is reduced to 47.5 ℃; fifthly, temperature control period: fermenting at 47.5 deg.C until the concentration of ammonia in air in the secondary fermentation chamber is less than 5 ppm; sixthly, the sowing period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be room temperature, and naturally cooling the compost until the temperature of the compost is 25 ℃ to obtain secondary fermentation compost;
sixthly, three times of fermentation: uniformly sowing agaricus bisporus strains in the secondary fermented compost at the stacking temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the sowing amount is 10L/t, and fermenting for 18d at the stacking temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain fermented compost;
seventhly, mushroom house cultivation management: charging: spreading the fermented compost on a bedstead according to the thickness of 18cm, then covering turfy soil with the thickness of 6cm, filling compost in the bedstead at the temperature of 23 ℃; ②, water fetching: after the charging is finished, the water injection amount is 4L/m 2 Sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is beaten; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times the next day with water amount of 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; adding sodium hypochlorite water solution 3 times in an amount of 2L/m each time on the third day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; applying sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 2 times every time at a rate of 2L/m on the fourth day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 25-26 ℃; on the fifth day, the total water injection amount is 22L/m within five days 2 Adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, wherein the culture material temperature is 25 ℃; thirdly, cooling: controlling the air temperature of the mushroom house to be 17 ℃ so that the temperature of the compost is naturally cooled to 17 ℃, and CO is initially cooled 2 The concentration is controlled at 4000ppm and CO is introduced during the cooling process at a rate of 400ppm/d 2 The concentration is reduced to 1200 ppm; fourthly, humidifying: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 88% air humidity until the first tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; fifth, one-time moisture transfer: at a culture material temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out primary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; sixthly, twice wetting: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 86% air humidity until the second tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; and seventhly, secondary moisture transfer: at a culture material temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out secondary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; eighthly, three tides: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 84.5% air humidity until the end of the three tides, and collecting Agaricus bisporus.
Comparative example 1 the Agaricus bisporus strain produced by Scherfeng International Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in the sixth step was named A15.
Compared with the step seven of the comparative example 1, gypsum, lime and formaldehyde are added into the turfy soil, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the gypsum is 300:1, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the lime is 300:1.5, and the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the formaldehyde is 300: 1.5.
Comparative example 1 in seventy (seven)'s, the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution had a sodium hypochlorite concentration of 400 ppm.
Comparative example 2: comparative example of Water addition
Firstly, weighing: collecting chicken manure, detecting the nitrogen content in the chicken manure, and if the nitrogen content in the chicken manure is lower than 2%, adding a nitrogen source into the chicken manure until the nitrogen content of the chicken manure reaches 2% -4%, so as to obtain high-quality chicken manure with nitrogen content; the nitrogen content in the high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure is 3.1%, and the nitrogen source is urea; then weighing 900 parts of wheat straw, 450 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 90 parts of gypsum and 65 parts of peanut meal according to parts by weight; the wheat straw is in a round tube shape, is bright yellow in color and has an average length of 23 cm;
secondly, prewetting: filling a fermentation process recovery water tank with underground water, soaking 900 parts of the wheat straws weighed in the step one in the fermentation process recovery water tank until no bubbles appear, taking out the wheat straws, piling the wheat straws after the wheat straws are taken out, and stacking the wheat straws until the temperature in the pile is raised to 55 ℃ to obtain pre-wetted wheat straws;
thirdly, mixing materials: feeding 450 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 90 parts of gypsum and 65 parts of peanut meal weighed in the first step and the pre-wetted wheat straw obtained in the second step into a crushing and mixing machine for crushing and mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture to be fermented; supplementing water in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the mixture to be fermented is 73%; the average length of the wheat straws in the mixture to be fermented is 5.4 cm;
fourthly, primary fermentation: piling the mixture to be fermented into a high-pressure fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 5m, fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 77-83 ℃, starting a fan for 5min at the beginning of the fermentation process, and then closing the fan for 5 min; after 24 times of fermentation, turning over the piles in a first rotating bin, adding water at the same time, ensuring that the water content of the piled materials is not lower than 70%, continuing fermentation, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; performing secondary warehouse transfer and pile turning after fermenting for 3d, adding water simultaneously to ensure that the water content of the piled materials is not less than 70%, continuing fermenting, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; after fermenting for 5 days, turning the material to a third warehouse and turning the material, and simultaneously adding water to ensure that the water content of the material is not lower than 70%; continuing fermenting until the weight of the compost is reduced by 23 percent to obtain primary fermentation compost;
fifthly, secondary fermentation: firstly, temperature equalization period: piling the primary fermentation compost into a secondary fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 3m, and fermenting for 13 hours at the temperature of 45 ℃; secondly, a temperature rising period: heating the temperature of the stockpile in the secondary fermentation bin from 45 ℃ to 60 ℃ at the heating rate of 1.4 ℃/h; ③ pasteurization stage: fermenting for 9h at the stacking temperature of 60 ℃; fourthly, cooling period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be 45 ℃ until the temperature of the stockpile is reduced to 47.5 ℃; fifthly, temperature control period: fermenting at 47.5 deg.C until the concentration of ammonia in air in the secondary fermentation chamber is less than 5 ppm; sixthly, the sowing period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be room temperature, and naturally cooling the stockpile until the temperature of the stockpile is 25 ℃ to obtain secondary fermentation compost;
and sixthly, three-time fermentation: uniformly sowing agaricus bisporus strains in the secondary fermented compost at the stacking temperature of 25 ℃, wherein the sowing amount is 10L/t, and fermenting for 18d at the stacking temperature of 25 ℃ to obtain fermented compost;
seventhly, mushroom house cultivation management: charging: adding water into the fermented compost to obtain compost, spreading the compost on a bed frame according to the thickness of 18cm, covering turfy soil with the thickness of 6cm, filling compost in the bed frame, wherein the temperature of the compost is 23 ℃, and the application amount of the water is 10 mL/kg; ②, water fetching: after the charging is finished, the water injection amount is 4L/m 2 Sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is beaten; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times the next day with water amount of 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times in the amount of 2L/m each time on the third day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; applying sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 2 times every day, 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 25-26 ℃; on the fifth day, the total water injection amount is 22L/m within five days 2 Adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, wherein the culture material temperature is 25 ℃; thirdly, cooling: controlling the air temperature of the mushroom house to be 17 ℃ so that the temperature of the compost is naturally cooled to 17 ℃, and CO is initially cooled 2 The concentration is controlled at 4000ppm and CO is introduced during the cooling process at a rate of 400ppm/d 2 The concentration is reduced to 1200ppm(ii) a Fourthly, humidifying: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 88% air humidity until the first tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; fifth, one-time moisture transfer: at a culture medium temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out primary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; sixthly, twice wetting: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 86% air humidity until the second tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; and seventhly, secondary moisture transfer: at a culture material temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out secondary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; eighthly, three tides: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 84.5% air humidity until the end of the three tides, and collecting Agaricus bisporus.
Comparative example 2 the Agaricus bisporus strain produced by Scherfeng International Biotechnology Co., Ltd. in the sixth step was named A15.
In the seventh step of the comparative example 2, gypsum, lime and formaldehyde are added into the turfy soil, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the gypsum is 300:1, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the lime is 300:1.5, and the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the formaldehyde is 300: 1.5.
Comparative example 2 the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution in the seventy percent (g) is 400 ppm.
Comparative example 3: comparative example of the prior art
Charging: spreading the secondary fermentation mushroom compost on a bedstead according to the thickness of 18cm, then covering turfy soil, wherein the turfy soil covering thickness is 6cm, filling the compost on the bedstead, and controlling the temperature of the compost to be 23 ℃;
the agaricus bisporus strain sown in the secondary fermentation mushroom culture material is produced by American Sharpeng International Biotechnology Co., Ltd, and the variety name is A15; the seeding rate is 10L/t;
②, water fetching: after the charging is finished, the water injection amount is 4L/m 2 Sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is beaten; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times the next day with water amount of 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times in the amount of 2L/m each time on the third day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; applying sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 2 times every daySub 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 25-26 ℃; on the fifth day, the total water injection amount is 22L/m within five days 2 Adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, wherein the culture material temperature is 25 ℃;
thirdly, cooling: controlling the air temperature of the mushroom house to be 17 ℃ so that the temperature of the compost is naturally cooled to 17 ℃, and CO is initially cooled 2 The concentration is controlled at 4000ppm and CO is introduced during the cooling process at a rate of 400ppm/d 2 The concentration is reduced to 1200 ppm;
fourthly, humidifying: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 88% air humidity until the first tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus;
fifth, one-time moisture transfer: at a culture medium temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out primary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm;
sixthly, twice wetting: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 86% air humidity until the second tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus;
and seventhly, secondary moisture transfer: at a culture material temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out secondary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm;
eighthly, three tides: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 84.5% air humidity until the end of the three tides, and collecting Agaricus bisporus.
In the step (c) of comparative example 3, the sodium hypochlorite concentration in the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is 400 ppm.
Comparative example 4: existing liquid-adding microbial fertilizer comparative example
Firstly, charging: mixing liquid microbial fertilizer into the secondary fermentation mushroom compost to obtain compost, paving the compost on a bed frame according to the thickness of 18cm, then covering turfy soil, wherein the turfy soil covering thickness is 6cm, filling the compost into the bed frame, wherein the temperature of the compost is 23 ℃, and the application amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer in the compost is 4.5 mL/kg;
the microorganism in the liquid microbial fertilizer is bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the liquid microbial fertilizer is 2 multiplied by 10 8 Per mL;
the agaricus bisporus strain sowed in the secondary fermentation mushroom culture material is produced by American Sharpeng International Biotechnology limited company, and the name of the strain is A15; the seeding rate is 10L/t;
②, water fetching: after the charging is finished, the water injection amount is 4L/m 2 Sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is beaten; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times the next day with water amount of 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times in the amount of 2L/m each time on the third day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23.5 ℃; applying sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 2 times every day, 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 25-26 ℃; on the fifth day, the total water injection amount is 22L/m within five days 2 Adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, wherein the culture material temperature is 25 ℃;
thirdly, cooling: controlling the air temperature of the mushroom house to be 17 ℃ so that the temperature of the compost is naturally cooled to 17 ℃, and CO is initially cooled 2 The concentration is controlled at 4000ppm, and CO is fed at a rate of 400ppm/d during the temperature reduction 2 The concentration is reduced to 1200 ppm;
fourthly, humidifying: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 88% air humidity until the first tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus;
fifth, primary tide conversion: at a culture material temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out primary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm;
sixthly, twice wetting: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 86% air humidity until the second tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus;
and seventhly, secondary moisture transfer: at a culture material temperature of 18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out secondary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm;
eighthly, three tides: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 84.5% air humidity until the end of the three tides, and collecting Agaricus bisporus.
Comparative example 4 in step (c), the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution had a sodium hypochlorite concentration of 400 ppm.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002759817990000151
Figure BDA0002759817990000161
As is clear from comparison of examples 1 to 3 in table 1, when the amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer added is too small, the effect is almost the same as that of adding 10mL/kg of water, and the effect of improving the yield is not significant although it is slightly better than that of not adding, and when the amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer added is too large, the effect is also not much different from that of adding 10mL/kg of water, and only when the amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer added is controlled to be 3mL/kg to 6mL/kg, the effect of improving the yield is significant, so that the amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer added should be controlled.
As can be seen from comparison between comparative example 1 and comparative example 3 in Table 1, in the case of not adding liquid microbial fertilizer and water, the yield per unit area of the cultivation method of the present invention is significantly improved when the fermented compost obtained by three times of fermentation is used alone compared with the fermented compost obtained by the existing two times of fermentation for cultivation, which proves that the cultivation effect of the fermented compost obtained by three times of fermentation is better.
As is clear from comparison of comparative example 3, comparative example 4, comparative example 1 and example 1 in Table 1, although the addition of the liquid microbial fertilizer according to the present invention can also exert a good effect when applied to the existing cultivation method (fermented compost obtained by secondary fermentation), the yield increase by 2.4g/m per tide 2 The yield of the second tide is increased by 1.3kg/m 2 The yield of the Sanchao rice is increased by 1.4kg/m 2 (ii) a However, the yield increase effect is better in the embodiment 1 of the invention, and the yield is increased by 4.5kg/m in one tide 2 The yield of the second tide is increased by 3.4kg/m 2 The yield of the three tides is increased by 2.1kg/m 2 (ii) a Therefore, the liquid microbial fertilizer and the fermented compost obtained by three times of fermentation have better effect.

Claims (2)

1. A method for improving the yield of agaricus bisporus by adopting three times of fermentation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, weighing: collecting chicken manure, detecting the nitrogen content in the chicken manure, and if the nitrogen content in the chicken manure is lower than 2%, adding a nitrogen source into the chicken manure until the nitrogen content of the chicken manure reaches 2% -4%, so as to obtain high-quality chicken manure with nitrogen content; then weighing 800-1000 parts of wheat straw, 400-500 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 80-100 parts of gypsum and 60-70 parts of peanut meal according to parts by weight; the nitrogen source is urea or ammonium sulfate salt;
secondly, prewetting: filling water into a fermentation process recovery water tank, soaking 800-1000 parts of the wheat straw weighed in the step one in the fermentation process recovery water tank until no bubbles emerge, taking out the wheat straw, stacking the wheat straw until the temperature in the stack is raised to 50-60 ℃, and obtaining pre-wetted wheat straw;
thirdly, mixing materials: feeding 400-500 parts of high-quality nitrogen-content chicken manure, 80-100 parts of gypsum and 60-70 parts of peanut meal weighed in the step one and the pre-wetted wheat straw obtained in the step two into a crushing and mixing machine for crushing and mixing, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture to be fermented; supplementing water in the material mixing process to ensure that the water content of the mixture to be fermented is 70-80%; the average length of the wheat straws in the mixture to be fermented is 5 cm-6 cm;
fourthly, primary fermentation: piling the mixture to be fermented into a high-pressure fermentation bin, wherein the height of the piled material is 4.5-6.5 m, and fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 77-83 ℃ until the weight of the piled material is reduced by 20-25% to obtain primary fermentation compost;
the method comprises the following steps of controlling a fan to ensure that the oxygen content of the internal air of the compost is not lower than 8% in the process of fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 77-83 ℃ until the weight of the compost is reduced by 20% -25%, and ensuring that the water content of the compost is not lower than 70% by adding water, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: starting the fan for 5min and then closing the fan for 5min at the beginning of the fermentation process; after 24 times of fermentation, turning over the piles in a first rotating bin, adding water at the same time, ensuring that the water content of the piled materials is not lower than 70%, continuing fermentation, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; performing secondary warehouse transfer and pile turning after fermenting for 3d, adding water simultaneously to ensure that the water content of the piled materials is not less than 70%, continuing fermenting, starting a fan for 5min, and then closing the fan for 17 min; after fermenting for 5 days, turning the material to a third warehouse and turning the material, and simultaneously adding water to ensure that the water content of the material is not lower than 70%; continuing fermenting until the weight of the piled materials is reduced by 20-25 percent;
fifthly, secondary fermentation: firstly, temperature equalization period: piling the primary fermentation compost into a secondary fermentation bin, wherein the height of the compost is 2.5-3.2 m, and fermenting for 13-14 h at the temperature of 45 ℃; secondly, a temperature rising period: heating the temperature of the stockpile in the secondary fermentation bin from 45 ℃ to 56-60 ℃ at a heating rate of 1.3 ℃/h-1.5 ℃/h; ③ pasteurization stage: fermenting for 8-10 h at the stacking temperature of 56-60 ℃; fourthly, cooling period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be 45 ℃ until the temperature of the stockpile is reduced to 46-49 ℃; fifthly, temperature control period: fermenting at the temperature of 46-49 ℃ until the concentration of ammonia in air in the secondary fermentation chamber is lower than 5 ppm; sixthly, the sowing period: controlling the air temperature in the secondary fermentation chamber to be room temperature, and naturally cooling the stockpile until the temperature of the stockpile is 25-26 ℃ to obtain secondary fermentation compost;
sixthly, three times of fermentation: uniformly sowing agaricus bisporus strains in secondary fermentation compost at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ of stacking material, wherein the sowing amount is 7-10L/t, and fermenting for 16-19 d at the temperature of 25-26 ℃ of stacking material to obtain fermentation compost; the agaricus bisporus strain is produced by American Scherfeng International Biotechnology Limited company, and the name of the strain is A15;
seventhly, mushroom house cultivation management: charging: mixing liquid microbial fertilizer into the fermented compost to obtain compost, paving the compost on a bed frame according to the thickness of 18cm, then covering turfy soil, wherein the turfy soil covering thickness is 6 cm-7 cm, filling compost into the bed frame, wherein the temperature of the compost is 23-24 ℃, and the application amount of the liquid microbial fertilizer in the compost is 3 mL/kg-6 mL/kg; the microorganism in the liquid microbial fertilizer is bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the viable count of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the liquid microbial fertilizer is 2 multiplied by 10 8 Per mL; gypsum, lime and formaldehyde are added into the turfy soil, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the gypsum is 300:1, the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the lime is 300:1.5, and the mass ratio of the turfy soil to the formaldehyde is 300: 1.5; ②, water fetching: after the charging is finished, the water injection amount is 2L/m 2 ～6L/m 2 Sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is beaten;adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times the next day with water amount of 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23-24 ℃; adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 3 times in the amount of 2L/m each time on the third day 2 The temperature of the culture material is 23-24 ℃; applying sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution 2 times every day, 2L/m 2 The temperature of the culture material is 25-26 ℃; on the fifth day, the total water injection amount is 20L/m within five days 2 ～24L/m 2 Adding sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, wherein the culture material temperature is 25-26 ℃; the concentration of sodium hypochlorite in the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is 300-450 ppm; thirdly, cooling: controlling the air temperature of the mushroom house to be 17 ℃ so that the temperature of the compost is naturally cooled to 17 ℃, and CO is initially cooled 2 The concentration is controlled to be 3000 ppm-5000 ppm, and CO is discharged at the speed rate of 300 ppm/d-500 ppm/d in the process of temperature reduction 2 The concentration is reduced to 1200 ppm; fourthly, humidifying: at a culture temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 88% air humidity until the first tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; fifth, one-time moisture transfer: at the culture material temperature of 17.5-18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out primary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; sixthly, twice wetting: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing at 1200ppm and 86% air humidity until the second tide is over, and collecting Agaricus bisporus; and seventhly, secondary moisture transfer: at the culture material temperature of 17.5-18 ℃ and CO 2 Carrying out secondary moisture transfer at the concentration of 1500 ppm; eighthly, three tides: at a culture material temperature of 17 deg.C and CO 2 Culturing under the conditions that the concentration is 1200ppm and the air humidity is 84% -85% until the three tides are finished, and harvesting the agaricus bisporus.
2. The method for increasing the yield of agaricus bisporus by using the triple fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation process recovery tank is filled with groundwater or tap water in the second step.
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