CN112280775A - 一种生物样品核酸保护液及应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生物样品核酸保护液及应用,属于核酸保存技术领域。本发明的生物样品核酸保护液,包括以下成分:核酸酶抑制剂、表面活性剂、渗透剂、螯合剂及还原剂。本发明的生物样品核酸保护液能够迅速抑制细胞内与外部环境中可能存在的核酸酶活性,防止生物样品中的核酸降解,起到高效地实现保护生物样品核酸的作用,同时其胍盐含量低,避免了因市保面上胍盐紧缺影响病毒采样护液生产的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于核酸保存技术领域,具体涉及一种生物样品核酸保护液及应用。
背景技术
核酸是由许多核苷酸聚合成的生物大分子化合物,根据化学组成不同,核酸可分为核糖核酸(简称RNA)和脱氧核糖核酸(简称DNA)。核酸在生物体内是能够稳定存在的,但是立体后由于核酸酶的释放,很容易引起核酸降解。
随着现代医学技术的进步,分子疾病诊断应用的越来越多,核酸作为分子疾病诊断的标靶,提取以及保存的需求也越来越大。因此保证临床样品,如痰液、口腔拭子或鼻腔拭子等的核酸样品的稳定尤为关键。
目前比较常用的方法是使用高浓度的超离序盐,如异硫氰酸胍、尿素等作为核酸酶的稳定剂。而胍盐作为有毒化学品,特别是盐酸胍与异硫氰酸胍,生产的厂家较少。像2020年的新冠肺炎疫情的突然爆发,就会导致市面上异硫氰酸胍严重紧缺,严重影响病毒采样保护液的生产,因此,发明一种不含胍盐或含胍盐量低的生物样品核酸保护液显得十分必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足而提供一种含胍盐量低、高效保护核酸稳定的生物样品核酸保护液及应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种生物样品核酸保护液,包含以下成分:核酸酶抑制剂0.1-5mol/L、表面活性剂0.1-10g/L、渗透剂10~500g/L、螯合剂1~100g/L、还原剂1~100g/L;
其中所述核酸酶抑制剂为尿素或异硫氰酸胍中的至少一种。
上述成分中,核酸酶抑制剂可以使核酸酶等蛋白质变性失活,进而抑制酶降解生物样品中的核酸,起到保护生物样品核酸的作用;表面活性剂主要起到裂解细胞的作用,细胞裂解后可让核酸酶与核酸酶抑制剂快速结合,产生作用。渗透剂可辅助表面活性剂,使其可快速渗透到细胞内部,从而加快细胞裂解速度;还原剂而起到快速抑制核酸酶活性的作用。
优选的,所述核酸酶抑制剂为尿素或异硫氰酸胍中的至少一种。
尿素能非常有效地使蛋白质变性,尤其能非常有效地破坏非共价键结合的蛋白质。异硫氰酸胍用于变性裂解细胞,并使DNA酶和RNA酶失活。
优选的,所述核酸酶抑制剂中尿素的浓度为1~5mol/L;所述核酸酶抑制剂中异硫氰酸胍的浓度为0.1~2mol/L。
更优选的,所述核酸酶抑制剂中尿素的浓度为3~5mol/L;所述核酸酶抑制剂中异硫氰酸胍的浓度为0.1~0.8mol/L。
该优选比例经过发明人大量研究和实验总结得出,在尽量减少胍盐含量的同时,抑制核酸酶活性,保证生物样品中核酸的稳定性。
优选的,所述生物样品核酸保护液,包含以下重量份成分:包含以下成分:核酸酶抑制剂0.1-5mol/L、表面活性剂0.5-5g/L、渗透剂30~150g/L、螯合剂1~ 40g/L、还原剂1~40g/L。
优选的,所述表面活性剂为十二烷基肌氨酸钠、3-磺丙基十四烷基二甲基甜菜碱或曲拉通X-100中的至少一种。
优选的,所述渗透剂为硫酸铵、氯化铵或硫酸铝铵中的至少一种。
优选的,所述螯合剂为柠檬酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钾中的至少一种。
螯合剂可以配合核酸酶抑制剂的作用,抑制核酸酶的活性,从而在减少使用胍盐的同时保护核酸的稳定性。
优选的,所述还原剂为二硫苏糖醇、巯基乙醇或三膦盐酸盐中的至少一种。
该系列还原剂能够破迅速坏蛋白质的二硫键,从而进一步快速抑制核酸酶的活性。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明的生物样品核酸保护液中含有少量或不含胍盐,既减少了保护液的毒性,也避免了因市面上胍盐产量少影响生产的问题。
(2)本发明的生物样品核酸保护液通过各成分的协同作用,能够迅速抑制细胞内与外部环境中可能存在的核酸酶活性,防止生物样品中的核酸降解,可以稳定保存各种生物样品中的核酸,包括口腔拭子、唾液等样品。
附图说明
图1为口腔拭子的提取的DNA进行凝胶电泳的结果示意图;
图2为新鲜人唾液提取的DNA进行凝胶电泳的结果示意图;
图3为37℃条件下使用本发明的核酸保护液样品进行凝胶电泳的结果示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好地说明本发明的目的,技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种生物样品核酸保存液,由下述含量的下述组分组成:异硫氰酸胍60g/L、十二烷基肌氨酸钠4g/L、乙二胺四乙酸二钠8g/L、氯化铵80g/L、巯基乙醇3% (V/V)、柠檬酸钠3g/L和余量的水。
实施例2
一种生物样品核酸保存液,由下述含量的下述组分组成:尿素180g/L、3- 磺丙基十四烷基二甲基甜菜碱3g/L、乙二胺四乙酸二钾12g/L、硫酸铵132g/L、三膦盐酸盐2g/L、柠檬酸钠7g/L和余量的水。
实施例3
一种生物样品核酸保存液,由下述含量的下述组分组成:尿素60g/L、异硫氰酸胍60g/L、曲拉通X-100 3g/L、乙二胺四乙酸6g/L、硫酸铵70g/L、硫酸铝铵30g/L、二硫苏糖醇5g/L、柠檬酸钠5g/L和余量的水。
实施例4
一种生物样品核酸保存液,由下述含量的下述组分组成:尿素60g/L,异硫氰酸胍60g/L、曲拉通X-100 3g/L、乙二胺四乙酸1g/L、硫酸铵10g/L、二硫苏糖醇1g/L、柠檬酸钠5g/L,余量为水。
实施例5
一种生物样品核酸保存液,由下述含量的下述组分组成:尿素180g/L、3- 磺丙基十四烷基二甲基甜菜碱3g/L、乙二胺四乙酸二钾100g/L、硫酸铵500g/L、三膦盐酸盐100g/L、柠檬酸钠7g/L和余量的水。
实施例6
一种生物样品核酸保存液,由下述含量的下述组分组成:异硫氰酸胍60g/L、十二烷基肌氨酸钠0.1g/L、乙二胺四乙酸二钠40g/L、氯化铵30g/L、巯基乙醇40g/L和余量的水。
实施例7
一种生物样品核酸保存液,由下述含量的下述组分组成:异硫氰酸胍60g/L、十二烷基肌氨酸钠10g/L、乙二胺四乙酸二钠40g/L、氯化铵150g/L、巯基乙醇 40g/L和余量的水。
实施例8
一种生物样品核酸保存液,由下述含量的下述组分组成:异硫氰酸胍60g/L、十二烷基肌氨酸钠0.5g/L、乙二胺四乙酸二钠40g/L、氯化铵150g/L、巯基乙醇 40g/L和余量的水。
实施例9
一种生物样品核酸保存液,由下述含量的下述组分组成:异硫氰酸胍60g/L、十二烷基肌氨酸钠5g/L、乙二胺四乙酸二钠40g/L、氯化铵150g/L、巯基乙醇 40g/L和余量的水。
效果例1
(1)取6个2ml的离心管,分别标上1-6的标号,并加入1ml保护液;其中1,4号加入实例1的保护液,2,5号加入实例2的保护液,3,6号加入实例3的保护液。
(2)取6个口腔拭子口腔采样后,将拭子放入装有保护液的2ml离心管中,将1,2,3号离心管放置于4℃的冰箱中7天,4,5,6号与37℃水浴中孵育7天。
(3)上述保存的拭子,保存7天后,剧烈涡旋30秒,各取0.5ml置于新的 1.5ml离心管中,用GBCBIO公司的拭子DNA提取试剂盒(货号D1905)提取 DNA,提取步骤按说明。
(4)各取8ul第三步提取的DNA,进行凝胶电泳,结果如图1。
由图1可知,浸泡在保护液的拭子在37℃孵育下,核酸至少能稳定7天。
效果例2
(1)取6个2ml的离心管,分别标上1-6的标号,并加入1ml保护液;其中1,4号加入实例1的保护液,2,5号加入实例2的保护液,3,6号加入实例3的保护液。
(2)向右保护液的离心管中加入200ul新鲜人唾液,将1,2,3号离心管放置于4℃的冰箱中7天,4,5,6号与37℃水浴中孵育7天。
(3)上述保存的唾液,保存7天后,剧烈涡旋30秒,各取0.5ml置于新的 1.5ml离心管中,用GBCBIO公司的磁珠法唾液DNA提取试剂盒(货号 M1105-50)提取核酸,提取步骤按说明。
(4)各取8ul第三步提取的核酸,进行凝胶电泳,结果如图2。
由图2可知,浸泡在保护液的唾液在37℃孵育下,核酸至少能稳定7天,且能看到RNA条带。
效果例3
(1)取效果例1、2中37℃保存的样品最后提取的核酸1ul做模板,用 GBCBIO公司的2xPCRmix Master扩增,人beta-actin基因的416bp片段。
上游引物:gagctacgagctgcctgacg;
下游引物:cctagaagcatttgcggtgg。
(2)PCR反应条件:
94℃变性3min,(94℃30秒,55℃30秒,72℃1分钟)×30,72℃,10分钟。
扩增结束,取5ul扩增产物进行凝胶电泳,结果如图3。
有图3可知,1-3号是拭子样品分别用实例1~3制备的保护液于37℃保存 7天后提取核酸的扩增片段;4-6号是唾液样品分别用实例1~3制备的保护液于37℃保存7天后提取核酸的扩增片段。因此,样品37℃保存7天后,能够有效扩增目的基因。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明做了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种生物样品核酸保护液,其特征在于,包含以下浓度的成分:核酸酶抑制剂0.1-5mol/L、表面活性剂0.1-10g/L、渗透剂10~500g/L、螯合剂1~100g/L、还原剂1~100g/L;
其中所述核酸酶抑制剂为尿素或异硫氰酸胍。
2.根据权利要求1所述生物样品核酸保护液,其特征在于,所述核酸酶抑制剂中尿素的浓度为1~5mol/L;所述核酸酶抑制剂中异硫氰酸胍的浓度为0.1~2mol/L。
3.根据权利要求2所述生物样品核酸保护液,其特征在于,所述核酸酶抑制剂中尿素的浓度为3~5mol/L;所述核酸酶抑制剂中异硫氰酸胍的浓度为0.1~0.8mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述生物样品核酸保护液,其特征在于,包含以下浓度的成分:核酸酶抑制剂0.1-5mol/L、表面活性剂0.5-5g/L、渗透剂30~150g/L、螯合剂1~40g/L、还原剂1~40g/L。
5.根据权利要求1或4所述生物样品核酸保护液,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为十二烷基肌氨酸钠、3-磺丙基十四烷基二甲基甜菜碱或曲拉通X-100中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1或4所述生物样品核酸保护液,其特征在于,所述渗透剂为硫酸铵、氯化铵或硫酸铝铵中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1或4所述生物样品核酸保护液,其特征在于,所述螯合剂为柠檬酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钾中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1或4所述生物样品核酸保护液,其特征在于,所述还原剂为二硫苏糖醇、巯基乙醇或三膦盐酸盐中的至少一种。
9.采用权利要求1~8任一项所述方法制备而得的生物样品核酸保护液。
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