CN1122794A

CN1122794A - Composite fertilizer made from plant straw, and prepn. method

Info

Publication number: CN1122794A
Application number: CN 95117980
Authority: CN
Inventors: 柏绿山; 杨秀莉; 柏天罡
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1995-11-08
Filing date: 1995-11-08
Publication date: 1996-05-22
Anticipated expiration: 2015-11-08
Also published as: CN1037088C

Abstract

After enzymatic change of the stalk of the plants with cellulase and then mixing it with chemical fertilizer, compounds, of micro elements and plant phytokinin, the compound fertilizer is obtained. Advantages: it can increase obviously the output and improve the quality of fruits.

Description

A kind of straw composite fertilizer and production method thereof

The present invention relates to utilize straw to produce organic and inorganic fertilizer that combines and production method thereof.

Past, straw is used for fuel or direct returning to farmland more, widespread use along with synthol, straw is not re-used as main fuel and uses, but straw-returning also plays crucial effect as organic fertilizer in agriculture production up to now, this organic fertilizer is the direct sources of crop mineral nutrient, it also is the important substance of improving the soil, can also increase beneficial microorganism activation performance in the soil, to certain effect and the benefit of increasing soil fertility, but fully do not pulverize and to Soil structure at regular hour internal cause stalk, water and nutrient also have bad influence, the mineral nutrient that adds in the sub-stalk is low, so stalk can not become a kind of high-efficiency high-quality fertilizer.

People know, the necessary nutritive element of plant growth reaches more than 16 kinds, although the content difference of the nutrient that analyzes as object is so big, but they undertake different physiological functions to growing of crop, and these nutritive elements all are of equal importance in intravital nutrition of crop and physiological action, and be again can not be displaced mutually, this has great importance to applying fertilizers scientifically.The source that crop obtains nutrient has six aspects substantially, wherein most important the most general show off be to use mineral manure.Up to the present, it is found that mineral manure destroys soil aggregate, fertilizer amount increases sharply, and environment is serious day by day thereupon, and this problem has caused the general show off concern in countries in the world.

Therefore, use, can learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, play emergency Ji effect mutually, can suppress the antagonistic action between each inorganic elements effectively, thereby can give full play to its effect if organic fertilizer and mineral manure combined.The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing stalk and mineral manure to produce compound manure.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-efficiency compound fertilizer that contains organic and inorganic nutritive element.

The present invention realizes in the following manner: the production method of a kind of straw composite fertilizer is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:

(1) will be crushed to 80-120 purpose stalk in sterilization 20-40 minute down of 110-130 ℃, 1.2-2.0 kilograms per centimeter 2 vapor pressures,

(2) 0.1-0.5% (weight) the cellulase aqueous solution is by weight 0.5-1.0: 1.0 with above-mentioned straw powder mixing, and under 38-50 ℃ of temperature enzyme 3-7 days,

(3) stalk after the enzymeization and chemical fertilizer, trace compound and phytocytomine mix and obtain above-mentioned product.

Described stalk is corn stalk, straw, straw seed, leguminous plants bar, waste of flax and grass, leaf class wild plant.

Described chemical fertilizer is a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer potash fertilizer.

Described trace compound is the vitriol and the boric acid of magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, iron.

This fertilizer nutritive element content is as follows:

N：10-30％?Zn：0.1-1％?P：3-9％?Fe：0.2-2％

K：3-9％?Cu：0.01-0.5％?Ca：1-10％

Co：0-0.001％?Si：0.2-5％B：0-0.5％?Mg：0.2-3％

Na：0.2-3％?Mn：0.1-2.5％

Below with at length the invention will be further described.

Adopt pulverizer commonly used to be crushed to the 80-120 order described stalk such as corn stalk, straw, grass stalk, leguminous plants bar, waste of flax and grass, leaf class wild plant, carry out the high-temperature sterilization sterilization then, described material is packed in the high pressure steam jar, feed steam, its temperature reaches 110-130 ℃, and pressure is the 1.2-2.0 kilograms per centimeter ², sterilization time is 20-40 minute;

Get the technical grade cellulase of producing by biochemical factory of Beijing institute of microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and obtain its aqueous solution with 200-1000 water dissolution doubly;

The above-mentioned cellulase aqueous solution is sprayed on the straw powder behind the sterilization, and puddles evenly, the weight ratio of the straw powder and the cellulase aqueous solution is 1.0: 0.5-1.0, but the temperature of stalk should must not control greater than 50 ℃.Then with in its mixture tank filling or carry out enzymeization in the cement pit, described jar or cement pit should be equipped with normally used heating or cooling apparatus, as steam-pipe or cooling water pipeline, often measure temperature in the enzyme process, temperature is controlled between 38-50 ℃, and the enzyme time is 3-7 days;

After the stalk enzymeization is finished, again with chemical fertilizer, trace compound, phytocytomine (Beijing Agricultural University's production) mixes, carry out granulation, drying after the mixing, the material that obtains just obtains its product with phytocytomine (Beijing Agricultural University's production) mixing again.Can adopting at present, commercially available various mixing machines, tablets press, drying machine carries out the mixing granulation drying.

Straw compound manure of the present invention has following positively effect:

1. the essential element that contains many plant-growths in the straw, in the straw-returning in the past, these element great majority can not directly be absorbed by plant, particularly contain a large amount of potassium elements in the straw, it is to be present in the tenuigenin and enchylema of active somatic cell with the potassium ion form, in the enzyme process, it mainly works to do coenzyme and activator, potassium can increase osmotic pressure in cell after enzymeization, helping moisture spreads in cell, help photosynthesis of plants, particularly in the building-up process of vegetable-protein, potassium can make proteinic synthetic acceleration, promotes the growth of plant, promote the synthetic and polysaccharide polymerization of starch, very high value and promoter action are arranged for the output that improves crop and the quality of fruit.

2. improve soil physical

The quantity of water-stable aggregate increases with the raising of polyose content in the soil in the soil, the polysaccharose substance that produces in the stalk dispersion process can be directly used in the formation of granule, the organic matter of straw provides the nutriment and the energy to microorganism, thereby promoted the formation of polysaccharose substance, it is stronger that the matter activity is planted in the corruption that straw forms, can impel fertilizer and soil granular compound, reduce the soil weight, increase the cell size of soil.

3. show through field test, compare that straw of the present invention composite fertilizer on average increases production paddy rice: 18.6%, corn 17.5%, Chinese cabbage 28.9%, tomato 26.8% with the carbon ammonium compound fertilizer.Strengthen various crops, fruit, the tangible drought resisting resistance against diseases of vegetables, fruit can also ripen in advance.

4. show through field test, compare that it is as follows that phytocytomine is used for straw composite fertilizer average volume increase result of the present invention (%) with the phytocytomine of foliage-spray

Phytocytomine is used for this phytocytomine and is used for

Foliage-spray in the straw composite fertilizer of invention

Base fertilizer paddy rice 18.6 15.8 13.6 corns 17.5 16.2 13.2 cottons 13.3 12.6 10.8 Chinese cabbages 28.9 35.6 26.9 tomatoes 26.8 30.3 25.2 that topdress

Specifically the invention will be further described below by embodiment:

Take by weighing and be crushed to 350 kilograms in 100 order straw powder, its nutritive element content is as follows by analysis:

N：1.5％?P：0.8％K：3％Ca：10.9％?Mg：0.2％Zn：0.2％

B：0.1％?Cu：0.01％?Mn：0.02％?Fe：0.015％

Taking by weighing 0.35 kilogram of cellulase (biochemical factory of Beijing institute of microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences produces technical grade) is dissolved in 350 kg of water and obtains cellulase solution;

With above-mentioned spray solution mixing in the above-mentioned straw powder, in the tank filling, attemperation is 40 ℃ of enzymeizations 7 days, and it is stand-by to take out jar cooling after the enzyme end;

Take by weighing straw powder after 1.1 kilograms in 300 kilograms in urea, 190 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 100 kilograms in Repone K, 7.5 kilograms in sal epsom, 0.81 kilogram in zinc sulfate, 5.8 kilograms of boric acid, 0.18 kilogram in copper sulfate, 4.39 kilograms of manganous sulfates, ferrous sulfate and the enzymeization abundant mixing in mixing machine, again through granulation, in 50 ℃ of warm air dryings;

Dried material and phytocytomine mixing product enter test package.

Warp is to various crop tests, and it increases production the result: paddy rice: 18%, and corn: 20%, tomato: 30%, Chinese cabbage: 35%, cotton: 15%.

Claims

1, the production method of a kind of straw composite fertilizer is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described stalk is corn stalk, straw, grass stalk, leguminous plants bar, waste of flax and grass, leaf class wild plant.

3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described chemical fertilizer is a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer potash fertilizer.

4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described trace compound is the vitriol and the boric acid of magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, iron.

5. according to the stalk composite fertilizer of the described method production of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that this fertilizer nutritive element content is as follows:

N：10-30％?Zn：0.1-1％P：3-9％Fe：0.2-2％

K：3-9％Cu：0.01-0.5％Ca：1-10％

Co：0-0.001％?Si：0.2-5％B：0-0.5％Mg：0.2-3％

Na：0.2-3％?Mn：0.1-2.5％