CN112273326B - Breeding method capable of improving meat quality and flavor of Guizhou local pigs and having epidemic prevention effect - Google Patents
Breeding method capable of improving meat quality and flavor of Guizhou local pigs and having epidemic prevention effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method for improving meat quality and flavor of local Guizhou pigs and having an epidemic prevention effect, which comprises the following steps: (1) when the weight is less than 10kg, feeding a feed consisting of the following components: 30-80 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 20-30 parts of corn, 10-18 parts of bean pulp, 20-30 parts of bran, 0.1-0.2 part of amino acid compound, 1-3 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of L-ferrous lactate, 0.5-1 part of beta-carotene and 0.2-0.3 part of salt; (2) feeding a feed consisting of the following components when the weight reaches 10 kg; 50-100 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 80-100 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of bran, 10-15 parts of fish meal, 0.05-0.08 part of vitamin complex, 1-3 parts of cod liver oil and 0.5-0.8 part of salt. The invention can obviously reduce the incidence rate of asthma and diarrhea and improve the intramuscular fat content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method capable of improving meat quality and flavor of Guizhou local pigs and having an epidemic prevention effect.
Background
The Jiangxiang pigs are rare small local pig breeds of China which are selected and cultured for a long time from Jiangxiang minority nationalities under specific natural environment, social and economic conditions, are local dominant germplasm resources of Guizhou province, are listed as national secondary protection animal breeds in 1993 by Ministry of agriculture, are listed in the national protection records of livestock and poultry variety resources in No. 130 bulletin 2000, and have the characteristics of glutinous skin, fragrant meat, non-greasy taste and tender meat.
One of the main producing areas of Jiangxiang pigs is Guizhou, southeast Guizhou, and the industrialized breeding experience and technology of pig breeding in the area are all insufficient, so that asthma and diarrhea are easy to occur in the breeding process, and economic loss is caused. At present, research and research on Jiangxiang swine enzootic pneumonia and diarrhea are few, and reference is made to epidemiological survey of Guizhou swine enzootic pneumonia (Yang Li, Wu Dynasty, Yang luxuriang, and the like) (J, Shanghai animal veterinary communication, 2016,000(004):32-33.) and epidemiological survey of Guizhou swine diarrhea (Yang Li, Xujing Emei, Yang luxuriang, and the like) (J, Shanghai animal veterinary communication, 2015,000(004):58-58.) to know how to prevent and treat Jiangxiang swine enzootic pneumonia and diarrhea, which is an urgent problem to be solved.
Meanwhile, the research on improving the meat quality and flavor of the Jiang Xiang pigs is less due to the limitation of the breeding level, so that the further market popularization of the Jiang Xiang pigs is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a breeding method which improves the meat quality and flavor of local Guizhou pigs and has an epidemic prevention effect. The feeding method can obviously reduce the incidence rate of asthma and diarrhea of the fragrant pig, and can effectively improve the intramuscular fat content of the fragrant pig so as to promote the meat quality and flavor.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a technical solution,
a breeding method for improving meat quality and flavor of Guizhou local pigs and having an epidemic prevention effect comprises the following steps:
(1) after the suckling pigs are separated from the milk, when the weight of the suckling pigs is less than 10kg, the suckling pigs are fed with the feed A, wherein the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30-80 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 20-30 parts of corn, 10-18 parts of bean pulp, 20-30 parts of bran, 0.1-0.2 part of amino acid compound, 1-3 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of L-ferrous lactate, 0.5-1 part of beta-carotene and 0.2-0.3 part of salt;
(2) feeding the feed B when the weight of the feed reaches 10kg, wherein the feed B comprises the following components in parts by weight;
50-100 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 80-100 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of bran, 10-15 parts of fish meal, 0.05-0.08 part of vitamin complex, 1-3 parts of cod liver oil and 0.5-0.8 part of salt;
in the step (1) and the step (2), the crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder is obtained by the following method: mixing the mashed crowndaisy chrysanthemum and the cooked and mashed potatoes according to the weight ratio of 3:1, adding sterile water to ensure that the weight ratio of solid to liquid is 2.5:1, inoculating aspergillus niger strains for fermentation, and freeze-drying a fermentation product to obtain crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder;
the Aspergillus niger is Aspergillus niger Z-9 with a Tibetan number: CGMCC No. 11130;
the Guizhou pig is a Xiangjiang pig.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight:
70 parts of garland chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 25 parts of corn, 12 parts of bean pulp, 22 parts of bran, 0.15 part of amino acid, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.6 part of L-ferrous lactate, 0.6 part of beta-carotene and 0.25 part of salt.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the feed B comprises the following components in parts by weight;
56 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 90 parts of corn, 25 parts of bran, 12 parts of fish meal, 0.06 part of vitamin complex, 2 parts of cod liver oil and 0.6 part of salt.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the Aspergillus niger is inoculated, the inoculation amount is 2 percent by volume percentage.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the amino acid complex consists of lysine, methionine and threonine according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and pantothenic acid, and the ratio of IU is 200:30:3:2:3: 1.
In general, in step (1) and step (2), the feed was fed 2 times a day with free access to water.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder is prepared and fermented, the fermentation is carried out for 36 hours at the temperature of 28-32 ℃; draining water from the fermented product, and freeze drying to obtain fermented dry powder.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the raising method can obviously reduce the incidence rate of asthma and diarrhea of the fragrant pig, and can effectively improve the intramuscular fat content of the fragrant pig.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, and it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, the related fermentation dried powder of chrysanthemum coronarium is obtained by the following method:
mixing the mashed crowndaisy chrysanthemum and the cooked and mashed potatoes according to the weight ratio of 3:1, adding sterile water to ensure that the weight ratio of solid to liquid is 2.5:1, inoculating 2% of aspergillus niger Z-9 for fermentation, and fermenting at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ for 36 hours during fermentation; draining water from the fermented product, and freeze drying to obtain fermented dry powder of caulis et folium Chrysanthemi Segeti; the Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) Z-9 is deposited as follows: CGMCC No. 11130.
Aspergillus niger Z-9 of the present invention is an existing strain and is commercially available.
Example 1
Selecting 100 Yuanjiang Xiang pigs after milk separation as experimental animals, and feeding by adopting the following method:
(1) after the suckling pigs are separated from the milk, when the weight of the suckling pigs is less than 10kg, the suckling pigs are fed with the feed A, wherein the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight:
70 parts of garland chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 25 parts of corn, 12 parts of bean pulp, 22 parts of bran, 0.15 part of amino acid, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.6 part of L-ferrous lactate, 0.6 part of beta-carotene and 0.25 part of salt;
(2) feeding the feed B when the weight of the feed reaches 10kg, wherein the feed B comprises the following components in parts by weight;
56 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 90 parts of corn, 25 parts of bran, 12 parts of fish meal, 0.06 part of vitamin complex, 2 parts of cod-liver oil and 0.6 part of salt;
the compound vitamin consists of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and pantothenic acid, wherein the IU ratio is 200:30:3:2:3: 1;
the amino acid complex consists of lysine, methionine and threonine according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 2.
Example 2
The formula of the adjusting feed A is as follows:
80 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 20 parts of corn, 10 parts of bean pulp, 20 parts of bran, 0.2 part of amino acid compound, 3 parts of calcium carbonate, 1 part of L-ferrous lactate, 0.5 part of beta-carotene and 0.2 part of salt;
the formula of the adjusting feed B is as follows:
100 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 80 parts of corn, 20 parts of bran, 15 parts of fish meal, 0.08 part of multivitamin, 1 part of cod liver oil and 0.5 part of salt;
the rest corresponds to example 1.
Example 3
The formula of the adjusting feed A is as follows:
30 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 30 parts of corn, 18 parts of bean pulp, 30 parts of bran, 0.1 part of amino acid compound, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of L-ferrous lactate, 1 part of beta-carotene and 0.3 part of salt;
the formula of the adjusting feed B is as follows:
50 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 100 parts of corn, 30 parts of bran, 10 parts of fish meal, 0.05 part of compound vitamin, 3 parts of cod-liver oil and 0.8 part of salt;
the rest corresponds to example 1.
Comparative example 1
Selecting 100 Yuanjiang Xiang pigs after milk separation as experimental animals, and feeding the experimental animals by adopting the following formula:
60 w/w% of rice bran, 30 w/w% of corn flour and 10 w/w% of current season vegetables.
Comparative example 2
Selecting 100 Yuanjiang Xiang pigs after milk separation as experimental animals, and feeding the experimental animals by adopting the following formula:
74.86% of corn, 5.5% of wheat bran, 17.5% of soybean meal, 0.8% of stone powder, 0.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3% of salt, 0.15% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.04% of lysine hydrochloride, 0.08% of choline, 0.03% of sweetening agent and 0.24% of compound vitamin (consisting of vitamin E, vitamin B2, vitamin K, folic acid, pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid according to the weight ratio of 4:2:1:2:3: 3).
Comparative example 3
Selecting 100 Yuanjiang Xiang pigs after milk separation as experimental animals, and feeding the experimental animals by adopting the following formula:
corn 65%, wheat middling 1.8%, fermenting12.60% of soybean meal, 14.17% of soybean meal, 2.8% of fish meal, 0.28% of oil extraction, 0.91% of stone powder, 1% of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.32% of salt, 0.06% of choline chloride, 0.05% of flavor essence, and composite premix (containing 100ml/kg of manganese, 2mg/kg of zinc, 2664mg/kg of iron, 167mg/kg of copper, 5mg/kg of iodine, 5mg/kg of selenium, 57000IU/kg of vitamin A, and D36600IU/kg, vitamin E366 IU/kg, vitamin B2 96mg/kg)1％。
Experimental example 1
The incidence of asthma, the incidence of diarrhea and the intramuscular fat content when the Swine from Jiang were bred in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were examined, and the breeding period was 50 days. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Experimental example 2
Before experimental example 1, the influence of the addition of the chrysanthemum coronarium fermentation dry powder to the feed on the incidence rate of asthma and diarrhea is examined in a preliminary experiment. In the preliminary experiments, the feeds of comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were used as basic feeds, respectively, and the chrysanthemum coronarium fermentation dry powder was added to the basic feeds in an amount of 10% (w/w), respectively, and the basic feeds were designated as preliminary experiment group 1, preliminary experiment group 2 and preliminary experiment group 3, respectively. 50 pigs from Jiangxiang pigs after milk separation were fed for 50 days in each pre-experimental group, and the incidence of asthma and diarrhea was recorded, and the results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the addition of the fermented dried powder of Chrysanthemum coronarium has a significant effect on the reduction of asthma and morbidity of Swine Conyza sativa.
TABLE 2
Based on the experimental results of the experimental examples, the inventors have made a great deal of detailed studies on the formulation of the feed and the stage of feeding, and finally obtained the final feeding method of the present invention. Wherein, the feeding method of the embodiment 1 is optimized, the incidence of asthma can be reduced to 1 percent, the incidence of diarrhea can be reduced to 2 percent, and meanwhile, the intramuscular fat content of the Jiangxiang pigs can reach 3.88 +/-0.01 percent (in the ideal intramuscular fat content range of the edible pigs).
Claims (8)
1. A breeding method for improving meat quality and flavor of Guizhou local pigs and having an epidemic prevention effect is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) after the suckling pigs are separated from the milk, when the weight of the suckling pigs is less than 10kg, the suckling pigs are fed with the feed A, wherein the feed A comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30-80 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 20-30 parts of corn, 10-18 parts of bean pulp, 20-30 parts of bran, 0.1-0.2 part of amino acid compound, 1-3 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5-1 part of L-ferrous lactate, 0.5-1 part of beta-carotene and 0.2-0.3 part of salt;
(2) feeding the feed B when the weight of the feed reaches 10kg, wherein the feed B comprises the following components in parts by weight;
50-100 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 80-100 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of bran, 10-15 parts of fish meal, 0.05-0.08 part of vitamin complex, 1-3 parts of cod liver oil and 0.5-0.8 part of salt;
in the step (1) and the step (2), the crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder is obtained by the following method: mixing the mashed crowndaisy chrysanthemum and the cooked and mashed potatoes according to the weight ratio of 3:1, adding sterile water to ensure that the weight ratio of solid to liquid is 2.5:1, inoculating aspergillus niger strains for fermentation, and freeze-drying a fermentation product to obtain crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder;
the Aspergillus niger is Aspergillus niger Z-9 with a Tibetan number: CGMCC (China general microbiological culture Collection center)
No.11130；
The Guizhou local pig is a Xiujiang fragrant pig.
2. The feeding method according to claim 1, wherein the feed A is composed of the following components in parts by weight:
70 parts of garland chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 25 parts of corn, 12 parts of bean pulp, 22 parts of bran, 0.15 part of amino acid compound, 2 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.6 part of L-ferrous lactate, 0.6 part of beta-carotene and 0.25 part of salt.
3. The feeding method according to claim 1, wherein the feed B consists of, in parts by weight;
56 parts of crowndaisy chrysanthemum fermentation dry powder, 90 parts of corn, 25 parts of bran, 12 parts of fish meal, 0.06 part of vitamin complex, 2 parts of cod liver oil and 0.6 part of salt.
4. The feeding method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the amount of inoculation is 2% by volume when inoculated with Aspergillus niger.
5. The feeding method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the amino acid complex consists of lysine, methionine and threonine in a weight ratio of 1:1: 2.
6. The feeding method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the multivitamins consist of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and pantothenic acid in an IU ratio of 200:30:3:2:3: 1.
7. The feeding method according to claim 1, wherein in steps (1) and (2), the feed is fed 2 times a day with free drinking water.
8. The raising method according to claim 1, wherein fermentation is performed at 28 to 32 ℃ for 36 hours when fermentation is performed in the preparation of the fermented dry powder of the crowndaisy chrysanthemum; draining water from the fermented product, and freeze drying to obtain fermented dry powder.
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| KR20170051890A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-05-12 | 고상길 | Method for producing feed additive powder for livestock using fermented solution of wild plants |
| CN105661077A (en) * | 2016-04-02 | 2016-06-15 | 贵州从江粤黔香猪开发有限公司 | Feed for Congjiang fragrant piglets |
| CN108029629A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-15 | 广西晨康力食品股份有限公司 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of the black pig of low sick rate |
| CN108651692A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-10-16 | 天长市金农农业发展有限公司 | A kind of finishing pigs mixed feed |
| CN108575905A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-09-28 | 松桃梵净桃源农牧发展有限公司 | A kind of high protein, disease-resistant strong black pig ecological cultivation method |
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| Title |
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| 从江香猪果园高效生态养殖新技术;龙明珠等;《云南畜牧兽医》;20190825(第4期);第22-23页 * |
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