CN115024400A

CN115024400A - Livestock feed added with tea powder, preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115024400A
Application number: CN202210701815.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 金宇; 陈金柱; 饶棒; 胡颖; 刘奇
Original assignee: Hunan Tianfu Ecological Agriculture Co ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Tianfu Ecological Agriculture Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-06-21
Filing date: 2022-06-21
Publication date: 2022-09-09

Abstract

The application relates to a livestock feed added with tea powder, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the field of animal feeds, wherein the livestock feed comprises basic feed, tea powder and a regulator, the tea powder accounts for 1-6% of the total weight of the basic feed, and the regulator accounts for 50-70% of the total weight of the tea powder; the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of hawthorn powder, 5-10 parts of orange peel powder, 3-8 parts of turmeric powder and 1-5 parts of garlic powder. According to the application, the tea powder and vitamin C, curcumin and allicin which are rich in the regulator have a synergistic effect, so that the absorption and utilization rate of tea polyphenol in tea leaves by livestock can be effectively improved, and the disease resistance and meat quality of the livestock can be effectively enhanced; through the matching of the additive and the tea powder, the palatability of the feed can be improved, and the feed intake of livestock is promoted.

Description

Livestock feed added with tea powder, preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of livestock feed, in particular to livestock feed added with tea powder, a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

With the continuous improvement of the living standard of residents in China, consumers have higher requirements on the quality of meat products, and the quality of meat products, particularly pork, has become one of the important concerns of daily consumption of people. In addition, with the continuous increase of the prices of feed raw materials such as corn, bean pulp and the like, in 4 months of 2021, the agricultural rural ministry publishes 'technical scheme for reducing and replacing the corn and the bean pulp of the pig and chicken feed', and aims to widely find the sources of the feed raw materials, improve the utilization level, guarantee the effective supply of the raw materials and improve the modernization level of the supply chain of the animal husbandry industrial chain. In recent years, the price of bulk feed raw materials such as corn, bean pulp and the like continues to rise greatly, so that the feed price of each large feed company is increased, and the current pork price in China is continuously lowered, so that the development of breeding enterprises is difficult. Therefore, there is a need to reduce the cost of feed formulations and to develop non-conventional feed materials with functionality.

The tea leaf is rich in various bioactive substances such as tea polyphenol, tea polysaccharide, tea saponin, etc. The main biological activity functions of the tea polyphenol are antioxidation, lipid metabolism regulation, bacteriostasis, cancer prevention and the like; tea polysaccharide exists in a form of combining with mineral substances, and mainly has the functions of reducing blood sugar and blood fat, improving immunity, resisting oxidation and the like; the tea saponin is mainly present in tea leaves and seeds and mainly has the physiological functions of resisting bacteria and inflammation, preventing hypertension, resisting allergic reaction and the like. The tea serving as the feed additive is used for feeding livestock, has the functions of accelerating the growth of animals, preventing diseases, improving the meat quality and the like, is a good livestock feed additive, and can well meet the aim of not reducing the feeding quality of the livestock under the condition of reducing the formula cost of the feed.

However, the addition of tea leaves as a feed additive to livestock feed is still in the research stage at present, and the addition amount of tea leaves is not specifically limited; meanwhile, in the research stage of how to effectively extract bioactive substances such as tea polyphenol in the tea leaves and the like for livestock to absorb, the existing conventional tea polyphenol extraction method needs to use a large amount of chemical solvents and is high in cost; when the livestock is directly fed with the tea, the livestock has lower absorptivity to the bioactive substances in the tea, and cannot achieve better improvement effect.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides the livestock feed added with the tea powder, the preparation method and the application thereof, so that the bioactive substances in the tea powder can be effectively absorbed by livestock, and the effective utilization rate of the tea powder is improved.

In a first aspect, the application provides a livestock feed added with tea powder, which adopts the following technical scheme:

the livestock feed added with the tea powder comprises basic feed, the tea powder and a regulator, wherein the tea powder accounts for 1-6% of the total weight of the basic feed, and the regulator accounts for 50-70% of the total weight of the tea powder;

the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of hawthorn powder, 5-10 parts of orange peel powder, 3-8 parts of turmeric powder and 1-5 parts of garlic powder.

By adopting the technical scheme, bioactive substances such as tea polyphenol, tea polysaccharide and tea saponin in the tea can promote the growth of livestock and improve the inoxidizability of organisms, the tea powder is added into livestock feed, so that the content of nutrient substances in the feed can be effectively improved, necessary nutrient substances such as corn bean pulp and the like in the livestock feed which are lacked after reduction are supplemented, and the requirements of the technical scheme for replacing the reduction of the corn bean pulp of the pig and chicken feed can be well met. The hawthorn powder and the orange peel powder in the regulator are rich in vitamin C, the vitamin C and substances such as tea polyphenol in tea leaf have synergistic effect, the capacity of removing various free radicals by the tea polyphenol can be effectively improved, meanwhile, the vitamin C can also obviously improve the antioxidation effect of the tea polyphenol, and the absorption and utilization rate of bioactive substances such as the tea polyphenol by livestock organisms are promoted; in addition, the tea polyphenol can also reduce the loss of vitamin C, so that the vitamin C in the hawthorn powder and the orange peel powder can be better absorbed by animals. Curcumin and allicin contained in the turmeric powder and the garlic powder are substances with good antioxidant effect, and can further improve the disease resistance of livestock. Meanwhile, the garlic powder and the tea powder are compounded, so that on the basis of further improving the nutritive value of the livestock feed, the tea powder can also inhibit and remove the peculiar smell of the garlic powder and improve the palatability of the livestock feed; in addition, by compounding the tea powder, the turmeric powder and the garlic powder, the moisture resistance and the storage time of the feed can be prolonged, and the quality of the feed is further improved.

Optionally, the mass ratio of the hawthorn powder, the turmeric powder and the garlic powder is (15-18): (3-5): (1-3).

By adopting the technical scheme, after the hawthorn powder, the turmeric powder and the garlic powder are added into the livestock feed, the hawthorn powder uses vitamin C, the turmeric powder provides curcumin, and the garlic powder provides garlicin, and the three are compounded and used, and then the tea powder is matched with substances such as tea polyphenol and the like which are rich in tea powder, so that the oxidation resistance of livestock organisms can be further improved; in addition, the vitamin C has the property of acid, and can effectively protect the allicin in the garlic powder to be in a relatively stable state; curcumin in the turmeric powder can effectively inhibit and remove the smell of garlic powder to a certain extent, so that the palatability of the feed is higher, and the feed intake of livestock is improved. When the addition ratio of the hawthorn powder, the turmeric powder and the garlic powder is limited within the above range, the synergistic promotion effect is better.

The added vitamin C, the allicin and the curcumin in the technical scheme are all from natural plants, no additional processing and purification process is needed, the absorption and utilization of various trace elements by animal bodies are improved through the synergistic cooperation effect of various additives, the cost is simple, and the efficiency is higher.

Further preferably, the mass ratio of the regulator to the tea powder is (0.63-0.68): 1.

by adopting the technical scheme, the substance components contained in the regulator are mutually matched with bioactive substances such as tea polyphenol and the like rich in tea powder, and the synergistic effect is achieved, so that the effects of promoting the growth of livestock, improving the oxidation resistance level of organisms and improving the meat quality are better achieved. The addition amounts of the regulator and the tea powder are limited to the above ranges, and the synergistic effect is more excellent.

Optionally, the basic diet comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 58-62% of corn, 18-23% of soybean meal, 10-15% of wheat bran, 0.1-0.5% of lysine, 0.5-1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.7-1.2% of stone powder, 0.1-0.5% of salt, 0.5-1.5% of premix and 100% of the sum of all the components.

By adopting the technical scheme, the basic feed mainly comprises corn, bean pulp and wheat bran, and is supplemented with amino acid and other trace elements necessary for the growth of livestock. Tea powder and a regulator are added into the basic feed to supplement nutritional ingredients which are lacked after the soybean meal and the corn are reduced, so that the effects of reducing and replacing the soybean meal of the livestock feed and not losing the nutritional value of the feed are achieved.

In a second aspect, the application provides a preparation method of livestock feed added with tea powder, which adopts the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of livestock feed added with tea powder comprises the following steps:

s1, taking tea leaves, decocting the tea leaves in boiling water for 2-3 hours, cooling to 40-60 ℃, soaking and extracting for 8-12 hours, filtering, and separately collecting tea leaf residues and an extracting solution;

s2, airing the tea leaves to remove surface moisture, introducing steam at 50-65 ℃, heating and drying until the water content of the tea leaves is 6-10%, and then crushing to obtain tea powder;

s3, taking the dried hawthorn, orange peel, turmeric and garlic, respectively crushing to obtain hawthorn powder, turmeric powder, orange peel powder and garlic powder, mixing the hawthorn powder, the turmeric powder, the orange peel powder and the garlic powder, then adding the extracting solution collected in the step S1, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain paste, and drying the paste until the water content is 8-10% to obtain regulator powder;

and S4, adding the tea powder and the regulator powder into the basic feed, and uniformly mixing to obtain the livestock feed.

Optionally, in step S3, the extract is concentrated and then mixed with the hawthorn powder, turmeric powder and garlic powder.

Further preferably, the extract is concentrated under reduced pressure at 40-55 deg.C under 0.02-0.03 MPa.

Optionally, in step S3, the paste is dried by stirring with hot air.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, bioactive substance such as tea polyphenol in the tealeaves easily dissolves in water, draws partial tea polyphenol from tealeaves through boiling and soaking extraction, makes domestic animals more easily absorb substances such as tea polyphenol in the tea powder. After the tea leaves are extracted, tea leaves are made into tea powder and added into the feed, so that the residual tea polyphenol is supplemented, and meanwhile, the palatability of the feed is improved. The extract liquid after the tea soaking is added into the mixture of the hawthorn powder, the turmeric powder and the garlic powder, so that the tea polyphenol is better contacted with the vitamin C, the curcumin and the garlicin, and a better synergistic effect can be achieved.

The tea leaves are soaked in hot water at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ during extraction, so that tea polyphenol can be better extracted. The tea leaves are aired in a mode of heating and drying through steam, so that when the water content in the tea leaves is removed through drying, the tea leaves can be inhibited from becoming excessively brittle, the tea leaves are prevented from being pulverized into powder, and the later-stage livestock feed is favorably mixed.

The concentrated back of tealeaves extract mixes with the powder of regulator again, can promote the efficiency of follow-up stoving process on the one hand, removes the moisture in the paste fast, and on the other hand, the concentration of bioactive substance such as tea polyphenol is higher in the concentrated back extract, and the contact with the regulator powder is better after the mixing, and synergistic effect is better. The extracting solution is subjected to reduced pressure concentration, so that the bioactive substances in the extracting solution are prevented from being decomposed at high temperature in the concentration process to influence the nutritional value of the tea extracting solution.

In the step S3, the paste is stirred and dried by hot air, so that the problem that agglomeration in the paste drying process influences the subsequent feed preparation efficiency and the palatability of the feed is avoided.

In the technical scheme, the source of the garlic powder is selected from sun-dried garlic, and the allicin content is higher.

In a third aspect, the application provides an application of the livestock feed added with the tea powder in feeding of the great fox pigs, wherein the feeding period is 20 kg of the great fox pigs to slaughter, the feeding mode comprises free drinking and free feeding, the feeding is performed 3 times a day, and the feeding is performed respectively at 8 am, 12h in the noon and 8 evening.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. according to the livestock feed added with the tea powder, the tea powder and vitamin C, curcumin and allicin which are rich in the regulator have a synergistic effect, so that the absorption and utilization rate of tea polyphenol in tea leaves of livestock can be effectively improved, and the disease resistance and meat quality of the livestock can be effectively enhanced; through the matching of the additive and the tea powder, the palatability of the feed can be improved, and the feed intake of livestock is promoted.

2. According to the preparation method provided by the technical scheme, bioactive substances such as tea polyphenol in tea leaves are easily dissolved in water, and part of tea polyphenol is extracted from the tea leaves by boiling and soaking extraction, so that the livestock can absorb the substances such as tea polyphenol in the tea powder more easily. After the tea leaves are extracted, tea leaves are made into tea powder and added into the feed, so that the residual tea polyphenol is supplemented, and meanwhile, the palatability of the feed is improved. The extract liquid after the tea soaking is added into the mixture of the hawthorn powder, the turmeric powder and the garlic powder, so that the tea polyphenol is better contacted with the vitamin C, the curcumin and the garlicin, and a better synergistic effect can be achieved.

3. According to the preparation method provided by the technical scheme, the technological parameters of livestock feed preparation are optimized, partial moisture in the extracting solution is removed through decompression and concentration, and the paste prepared by mixing the extracting solution and the regulator is stirred and dried through hot air, so that the quality of the prepared feed can be further improved, the production efficiency is improved, the palatability of the feed is improved, and the feed intake of livestock is promoted.

Detailed Description

The present application will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. It should be noted that, in the following examples, those not specifically mentioned are performed according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer; the starting materials used in the following examples are all those conventionally commercially available except where specifically noted.

The tea leaves in the examples of the present application are selected from the group consisting of Hunan Jinjing tea leaves.

Examples

Example 1

A livestock feed added with tea powder is prepared by the following method:

s1, weighing tea leaves according to the addition amount, placing the tea leaves in a heating pot, adding water of which the weight is 5 times that of the tea leaves, boiling for 2 hours, then cooling to 40 ℃, preserving heat, soaking, extracting for 8 hours, then filtering, and respectively collecting an extracting solution and tea leaf residues;

s2, airing to remove water on the surface of the tea leaves, then placing in a hot air circulation oven, heating to 50 ℃, introducing steam, heating and drying until the water content of the tea leaves is 6-10%, transferring to a crusher, and crushing into granules to obtain tea powder;

s3, respectively putting the cleaned and sun-dried hawthorn, orange peel, turmeric and garlic into a crusher to be crushed into granules to obtain turmeric powder, orange peel powder, turmeric powder and garlic powder, mixing and uniformly stirring the turmeric powder, orange peel powder, turmeric powder and garlic powder, then adding the extracting solution collected in the step S1 into the mixture under stirring to obtain paste, drying the paste until the water content is 8-10%, and preparing the paste into granules to obtain regulator powder;

and S4, taking 100 kg of basic feed, adding 1 kg of tea powder and 0.5 kg of regulator powder, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the livestock feed.

Wherein each 1 kg of regulator powder comprises, by weight, 12 parts of hawthorn fruit powder, 5 parts of orange peel powder, 8 parts of turmeric powder and 5 parts of garlic powder.

The raw material composition and nutritional levels of the basal diet are shown in table 1 below.

Table 1: basal diet raw material composition and nutrition level

The premix is provided for each kilogram of basic feed: vitamin a10800 IU; vitamin D3, 4000 IU; vitamin E, 40 IU; vitamin K3, 4 mg; vitamin B1, 6 mg; vitamin B2, 12 mg; vitamin B6, 6 mg; vitamin B12, 0.05 mg; biotin, 0.2 mg; folic acid, 2 mg; nicotinic acid, 50 mg; 25mg of D-pantothenic acid; copper, 150 mg; iron, 100 mg; manganese, 40 mg; zinc, 100 mg; iodine, 0.5 mg; selenium, 0.3 mg.

Example 2

A livestock feed supplemented with tea powder, as compared to example 1, was characterized by 2 kg of tea powder (2% of total weight of the basal diet), and the balance being identical to example 1.

Example 3

A livestock feed supplemented with tea powder, as compared to example 1, was characterized by 4 kg of tea powder (4% of total weight of the basal diet), and the balance was identical to example 1.

Example 4

A livestock feed supplemented with tea powder, as compared to example 1, was characterized by 6 kg of tea powder (6% of total weight of the basal diet), and the balance being identical to example 1.

Example 5

A livestock feed supplemented with tea powder, which differs from example 1 in that the regulator was added at 0.7 kg (70% of total weight of tea powder), the remainder being identical to example 1.

Example 6

A livestock feed supplemented with tea powder, which differs from example 1 in that the regulator was added at 0.6 kg (60% of the total weight of tea powder), the remainder being identical to example 1.

Example 7

A livestock feed supplemented with tea powder, as compared to example 1, was characterized by adding tea powder at a rate of 1 kg, and modifying agent powder at a rate of 0.65 kg (65% of the total weight of tea powder), the remainder being identical to example 1.

Example 8

The livestock feed added with the tea powder is different from the livestock feed in example 1 in that 18 parts of hawthorn powder, 10 parts of orange peel powder, 3 parts of turmeric powder and 1 part of garlic powder are contained in 1 kg of regulator powder by mass, and the balance is the same as that in example 1.

Example 9

The livestock feed added with the tea powder is different from the livestock feed in example 1 in that 16.5 parts of hawthorn powder, 8 parts of orange peel powder, 3.5 parts of turmeric powder and 1.5 parts of garlic powder are calculated in parts by mass for every 1 kg of regulator powder, and the balance is the same as that in example 1.

Example 10

A livestock feed supplemented with tea powder, which is different from example 1 in that tea leaves are directly added to a basal diet after being pulverized, and the rest is the same as example 1.

Example 11

A tea powder-supplemented livestock feed differing from example 1 in that it was prepared by the following method:

s1, weighing tea leaves according to the adding amount, placing the tea leaves in a heating pot, adding water which is 5 times of the weight of the tea leaves, boiling the tea leaves for 2 hours, cooling the tea leaves to 40 ℃, preserving the temperature, soaking and extracting the tea leaves for 8 hours, filtering the tea leaves, and respectively collecting an extracting solution and tea leaf residues; concentrating the extractive solution under reduced pressure at 45 deg.C under 0.02MPa to remove water, and concentrating to 20% of the initial weight of the extractive solution to obtain concentrated solution.

S2, drying in the sun to remove water on the surface of the tea leaves, then placing in a hot air circulation oven, heating to 50 ℃, introducing steam, heating and drying until the water content of the tea leaves is 6-10%, transferring to a crusher, and crushing into particles to obtain tea powder;

s3, respectively putting cleaned and sun-dried hawthorn, orange peel, turmeric and garlic into a crusher to be crushed into granules to obtain turmeric powder, orange peel powder, turmeric powder and garlic powder, mixing and uniformly stirring the turmeric powder, orange peel powder, turmeric powder and garlic powder, then adding the concentrated solution of the extract obtained in the step S1 while stirring to obtain a paste, drying the paste until the water content is 8-10%, and performing secondary crushing to prepare granules to obtain regulator powder;

The rest of the process was identical to example 1.

Example 12

A livestock feed supplemented with tea powder, which is different from example 11 in that it is prepared by the following method:

s3, respectively putting cleaned and sun-dried hawthorn, orange peel, turmeric and garlic into a crusher to be crushed into particles to obtain turmeric powder, orange peel powder, turmeric powder and garlic powder, mixing and uniformly stirring the turmeric powder, orange peel powder, turmeric powder and garlic powder, then adding the concentrated solution of the extract obtained in the step S1 while stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain paste, putting the paste into a hot air dryer, carrying out hot air circulation air drying at the temperature of 50 +/-5 ℃, stirring at the speed of 30rpm during air drying, drying the paste until the water content is 8-10%, and obtaining regulator powder;

The rest of the process was the same as in example 11.

Comparative example

Comparative example 1

A livestock feed differing from example 1 in that: no tea powder and conditioning agent were added and the rest was in accordance with example 1.

Comparative example 2

A livestock feed differing from example 1 in that: the regulator was not added and the rest was in accordance with example 1.

Comparative example 3

A livestock feed differing from example 1 in that: the amount of the regulator added was 30% by weight of the total tea powder, the remainder being the same as in example 1.

Application example

The livestock feeds prepared in examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were applied to raising of big-girt pigs.

1. Grouping the test pigs: 300 healthy great fox pigs (half of the male and female) with weights close to (20 plus or minus 2 kg) were selected, randomly divided into 15 groups, numbered sequentially from group 1 to group 15, with 5 replicates in each group, and 4 pigs in each replicate. Feeding in the same pigsty in each repetition, and randomly splitting different repetitions for feeding so as to ensure that the position of the pigsty does not influence the test pigs of different treatment groups.

Groups 1 to 12 correspond to the livestock feeds provided in examples 1 to 12, and groups 13 to 15 correspond to the livestock feeds provided in comparative examples 1 to 3.

2. Feeding management: thoroughly cleaning the pigsty before the test, disinfecting the pigsty for 3 days to allow the pigs to turn in, and immunizing and expelling parasites on the test pigs. The pigs are fed with free drinking water and free food, and are fed for 3 times a day at 8 am, 12 pm and 18 pm respectively. The feeding management conditions of each group are consistent. Cleaning the pigsty once a day, disinfecting the pigsty for 1-2 times every week, and keeping the pigsty ventilated, clean, dry and sanitary. The test pre-test period is 3 days, and the positive test period is 60 days.

Performance test

For the large-size round-neck pigs fed in the application example, after the feeding test period is finished, 1 pig is randomly selected in each column, water is supplied for fasting for 24 hours, then weighing is carried out, and accurate slaughter determination and sampling are carried out according to the requirements of national pig slaughter operating rules. The samples are taken for the detection of the related indexes of the growth performance, the carcass character and the meat quality. The results of the measurements are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2: results of Performance testing of groups 1 to 15

In combination with the data in table 2, it can be seen that the livestock feed with added tea powder can significantly increase the average daily gain of the great starter pigs and improve the productivity of the great starter pigs, compared to feeding with the basal diet provided in comparative example 1 alone. In addition, compared with the basic diet only fed, the feed added with the tea powder and the regulator can reduce the average backfat thickness and fat rate of the large-size round-neck pigs, improve the lean meat percentage of the large-size round-neck pigs and further improve the carcass traits and meat quality of the large-size round-neck pigs.

It can be seen from the data in table 2 that the nutritional level of the feed can be further improved by adjusting the addition amounts of the tea powder and the additives in the basic diet and the proportion of the regulator, and the production performance, carcass traits and meat quality of the large-size pigs can be further improved. In addition, according to the preparation method in the technical scheme, the tea is heated, soaked, extracted and added, and compared with the mode that the crushed tea is directly added into basic feed, the nutritional performance of the feed is improved more obviously.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The livestock feed added with the tea powder is characterized by comprising basic feed, the tea powder and a regulator, wherein the tea powder accounts for 1-6% of the total weight of the basic feed, and the regulator accounts for 50-70% of the total weight of the tea powder;

2. The livestock feed with the tea powder, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the mass ratio of the hawthorn powder, the turmeric powder and the garlic powder is (15-18): (3-5): (1-3).

3. The livestock feed with the added tea powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the regulator to the tea powder is (0.63-0.68): 1.

4. the livestock feed with tea powder added according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic diet comprises the following components by mass percent: 58-62% of corn, 18-23% of soybean meal, 10-15% of wheat bran, 0.1-0.5% of lysine, 0.5-1% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.7-1.2% of stone powder, 0.1-0.5% of salt, 0.5-1.5% of premix and 100% of the sum of all the components.

5. The method for preparing a powdered tea-added livestock feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:

s3, taking the dried hawthorn, orange peel, turmeric and garlic, crushing into granules to obtain regulator powder, then adding the extracting solution collected in the step S1, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain paste, and drying the paste until the water content is 8-10% to obtain the regulator powder;

6. The method of claim 5, wherein in step S3, the concentrated extract is mixed with the hawthorn powder, turmeric powder and garlic powder.

7. The method for preparing livestock feed added with tea powder according to claim 6, wherein the extract is concentrated under reduced pressure at 40-55 deg.C under 0.02-0.03 MPa.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the paste is dried by stirring with hot air in step S3.

9. Use of the tea powder supplemented livestock feed of any of claims 1-8 in the feeding of big-girl pigs.