CN112250503A - Natural adsorption material compounded bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Natural adsorption material compounded bio-organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112250503A CN112250503A CN202011158797.XA CN202011158797A CN112250503A CN 112250503 A CN112250503 A CN 112250503A CN 202011158797 A CN202011158797 A CN 202011158797A CN 112250503 A CN112250503 A CN 112250503A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic biofertilizers, and discloses a natural adsorption material compounded bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of organic fertilizer raw materials, 5-15 parts of microorganisms, 3-6 parts of biological complex enzyme, 15-36 parts of natural adsorbing materials and 2-4 parts of conditioning auxiliary materials. The natural adsorption material comprises cypress bark and ulva lactuca. The conditioning auxiliary material is mangosteen shells. The natural adsorption material in the bio-organic fertilizer can effectively adsorb heavy metal ions in soil, thereby improving the soil quality and being beneficial to the growth of crops. The biological organic fertilizer can be applied to any soil environment condition. The preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer does not need high temperature condition, the preparation process is simple, and the energy is saved. The bio-organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention can prevent the generation of plant bacterial wilt by using mangosteen shells as conditioning aids.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of organic biofertilizers, and particularly relates to a natural adsorption material compounded bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the main attention of the field of soil environment quality is that the heavy metal elements mainly comprise 8 heavy metal elements, namely cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, chromium, copper, nickel and zinc, wherein the maximum content of the heavy metal elements is cadmium. The heavy metal in farmland soil mainly has two natural sources and artificial sources. The artificial sources mainly comprise improper discharge in the production process of the industry and the manufacturing industry, mining of the mining industry, sewage irrigation, atmosphere settlement and fertilizer application with excessive heavy metal content. The heavy metal in the farmland soil has strong transfer capability, so the soil is easy to be absorbed by animals and plants. Sampling and detecting a supplied vegetable sample in a certain year shows that 23.5 percent of vegetables show the phenomenon of cadmium pollution exceeding standard. The measures for preventing and controlling the farmland soil pollution mainly comprise a physical remediation method, a microbial remediation technology and a chemical remediation method at present. The physical remediation method is difficult to popularize in a large-area pollution range. The microbial remediation technology is to remove pollutants in soil by using microbes. The chemical remediation method utilizes the effects of precipitation, complexation, adsorption, ion exchange and the like of chemical passivation materials and heavy metal ions in farmland soil to reduce the transfer capacity and the biological effectiveness of the heavy metal ions. The chemical remediation of the heavy metal contaminated soil can not only reduce the toxicity of heavy metals in the soil, but also improve the soil fertility and increase the crop yield, is simple to operate, has very high efficiency and very low cost, can better perform the remediation of large-area low-and-low-pollution farmland soil, and is favorable for guaranteeing the safe production of grains. The currently common chemical passivation material is a carbon-based organic fertilizer.
The carbon-based organic fertilizer is refined by adopting high-quality bamboo charcoal as a main raw material. Generally, the carbon-based organic fertilizer is a refractory, stable, highly aromatic and carbon-rich solid substance produced by high-temperature pyrolysis at 500-600 ℃ under the condition of oxygen deficiency. The bamboo charcoal is rich in 75-95% (wt) of carbon, and is mostly alkaline because the ash content of the bamboo charcoal contains a lot of salt-based ions, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and the like, and the salt-based ions can reduce the content of hydrogen ions and exchangeable aluminum ions in soil, thereby increasing the pH value of the soil. However, many studies show that the pH value of soil has a significant effect on the adsorption effect of heavy metals, and thus carbon-based organic fertilizers are not suitable for treating alkaline farmland soil polluted by heavy metals.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an organic fertilizer suitable for treating alkaline farmland soil polluted by heavy metals, which can adsorb heavy metals in farmland soil, improve soil fertility and increase crop yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by natural adsorption materials and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art. Through compounding of the cypress bark of Mexico and the ulva and other natural adsorption materials, the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorption materials is suitable for any soil environment condition, can effectively adsorb heavy metals in soil, and has the advantages of simple preparation process and energy conservation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a natural adsorption material compounded bio-organic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of organic fertilizer raw materials, 5-15 parts of microorganisms, 3-6 parts of biological complex enzyme, 15-36 parts of natural adsorbing materials and 2-4 parts of conditioning auxiliary materials.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorption material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the cypress bark of Mexican cypress and the ulva in proportion and crushing to obtain a natural adsorption material; crushing the mangosteen shells to obtain a conditioning aid material;
s2: carrying out dry-wet separation on the livestock manure; crushing the agricultural waste; uniformly mixing the crushed agricultural wastes and dry livestock manure obtained after dry-wet separation according to the weight parts, drying, continuously stirring, and cooling to room temperature after drying is finished to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material;
s3: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer raw material, the microorganisms and the biological complex enzyme according to the weight parts to form a fermentation raw material, and performing fermentation treatment on the fermentation raw material to obtain a fermentation material;
s4: cooling and air-drying the fermented material, adding a natural adsorbing material and a conditioning aid material, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing material;
s5: and granulating the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorption material, and then sequentially drying, cooling, packaging and storing to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer product compounded by the natural adsorption material.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the natural adsorption material in the bio-organic fertilizer can effectively adsorb heavy metal ions in soil, thereby improving the soil quality and being beneficial to the growth of crops.
(2) The biological organic fertilizer is suitable for any soil environment condition, and the ulva and the mexican cypress bark contained in the biological organic fertilizer have better capability of adsorbing heavy metal ions under the alkaline soil condition.
(3) The preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer does not need high temperature condition, the preparation process is simple, and the energy is saved.
(4) The bio-organic fertilizer disclosed by the invention can prevent the generation of plant bacterial wilt by using mangosteen shells as conditioning aids.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a natural adsorption material compounded bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of organic fertilizer raw materials, 5-15 parts of microorganisms, 3-6 parts of biological complex enzyme, 15-36 parts of natural adsorbing materials and 2-4 parts of conditioning auxiliary materials.
According to the invention, preferably, the natural adsorption material comprises cypress bark and ulva lactuca, and the mass ratio of the cypress bark to the ulva lactuca is 1: 3-4.5.
According to the present invention, preferably, the conditioning aid material is mangosteen husk.
According to the present invention, preferably, the organic fertilizer raw material includes agricultural wastes and livestock manure, preferably, the agricultural wastes include at least one of rice straw, corn straw and wheat straw, and the livestock manure includes at least one of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure.
According to the present invention, preferably, the microorganism includes at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus laterosporus, azotobacter vinelandii, actinomycetes and antagonistic pathogenic bacteria.
According to the invention, preferably, the biological compound enzyme comprises at least one of nitrogen fixation enzyme, phosphate solubilizing enzyme, feed solubilizing enzyme, plant growth promoting enzyme, heavy metal adsorption enzyme and disease preventing enzyme.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorption material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the cypress bark of Mexican cypress and the ulva in proportion and crushing to obtain a natural adsorption material; and crushing the mangosteen shells to obtain the conditioning aid material.
S2: carrying out dry-wet separation on the livestock manure; crushing the agricultural waste; uniformly mixing the crushed agricultural wastes and dry livestock manure obtained after dry-wet separation according to the weight parts, drying, continuously stirring, and cooling to room temperature after drying is finished to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material;
s3: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer raw material, the microorganisms and the biological complex enzyme according to the weight parts to form a fermentation raw material, and performing fermentation treatment on the fermentation raw material to obtain a fermentation material;
s4: cooling and air-drying the fermented material, adding a natural adsorbing material and a conditioning aid material, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing material;
s5: and granulating the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorption material, and then sequentially drying, cooling, packaging and storing to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer product compounded by the natural adsorption material.
In the present invention, in step S2, the room temperature means 18 ℃ to 30 ℃.
According to the present invention, preferably, in step S1, the natural adsorbent material has an average particle size of 40-60 mesh; the average particle size of the conditioning aid material is 40-45 meshes.
According to the present invention, preferably, in step S2, the average particle size of the crushed agricultural waste is 60-70 mesh, the drying temperature is 55-70 ℃, and the drying time is 0.8-2.4 h.
According to the present invention, preferably, in step S3, the fermentation treatment step includes placing a fermentation raw material in a fermentation bin, setting the fermentation bin to rotate and roll, and stirring the fermentation raw material, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 6-10 days, and the fermentation treatment temperature is 42-65 ℃.
According to the present invention, it is preferable that the cooling air-drying time is 3 to 3.5 days in step S4.
In the invention:
the ulva lactuca can adsorb pollutants in water and purify water resources, and the adsorption environment of the ulva lactuca is not limited and can adsorb in the environment of pH 6-8. In addition, the ulva lactuca comes from seaside and grows with stones. Ulvan extracted from Ulva is similar to hyaluronic acid, and contains D-glucuronic acid in hyaluronic acid structure, and Ulva polysaccharide also contains D-glucuronic acid in Ulva structure. The ulvan has similar effect to hyaluronic acid, so the ulvan can also lock water and promote the transportation of nutrient substances.
The cypress wood of Mexican cypress is drought-resistant, cold-resistant and less in pest and disease damage, the bark of the cypress of Mexican cypress contains tannin, and the phenolic light group in the tannin can form stable chelate with a plurality of metal ions.
The mangosteen contained in the mangosteen shell has a good inhibition effect on Ralstonia solanacearum, and can be used as a conditioner for preventing bacterial wilt of plants.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples:
the use method of the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing materials prepared in the following examples and comparative examples is the same as that of a common organic fertilizer.
The preparation starting materials used in the following examples and comparative examples are commercially available.
The soil used in the following examples and comparative examples was selected from heavy metal contaminated farmland from the company of chenchentai, north river, and the soil used was alkaline.
The heavy metals of arsenic, lead, copper, chromium, nickel, cadmium and zinc in the farmland soil are subjected to HNO3-HF-HCIO4Carrying out digestion, and measuring the content of the product by adopting an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrum; heavy metal mercury is digested by (1+1) aqua regia, and the content of the heavy metal mercury is measured by adopting an atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a natural adsorption material compounded bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of organic fertilizer raw materials, 12 parts of microorganisms, 3 parts of biological complex enzyme, 36 parts of natural adsorption materials and 3 parts of mangosteen shells.
The natural adsorption material is a mixture consisting of cypress bark of mexican cypress and ulva, and the mass ratio of the cypress bark of mexican cypress to the ulva is 1: 4.5.
The organic fertilizer raw material is a mixture consisting of rice straws and pig manure, wherein the mass ratio of the rice straws to the pig manure is 1: 7.
The microorganism is a mixture consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus coagulans is 1:1:1:1: 1.
The biological compound enzyme is a mixture consisting of nitrogen-fixing enzyme, phosphate-solubilizing enzyme, feed-releasing enzyme, plant growth promoting enzyme and heavy metal adsorption enzyme, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen-fixing enzyme to the phosphate-solubilizing enzyme to the feed-releasing enzyme to the plant growth promoting enzyme to the heavy metal adsorption enzyme is 1:1:1: 1.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by natural adsorbing materials, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the cypress bark of Mexican cypress and the ulva in proportion and crushing to obtain a natural adsorption material; and crushing the mangosteen shells to obtain the conditioning aid material. The average grain diameter of the natural adsorbing material is 55 meshes; the conditioning aid material has an average particle size of 42 mesh.
S2: carrying out dry-wet separation on the livestock manure; crushing the agricultural waste; uniformly mixing the crushed agricultural wastes and dry livestock manure obtained after dry-wet separation according to the weight parts, drying, continuously stirring, and cooling to room temperature after drying is finished to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the average grain diameter of the crushed agricultural waste is 67 meshes, the drying temperature is 65 ℃, and the drying time is 1.5 h.
S3: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer raw material, the microorganisms and the biological complex enzyme according to the weight parts to form a fermentation raw material, and performing fermentation treatment on the fermentation raw material to obtain a fermentation material; the fermentation treatment step comprises the steps of placing fermentation raw materials in a fermentation bin, arranging the fermentation bin to rotate and roll, stirring the fermentation raw materials, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 8 days, and the fermentation treatment temperature is 55 ℃.
S4: cooling and air-drying the fermented material for 3 days, adding a natural adsorbing material and a conditioning aid material, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing material;
s5: and granulating the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorption material, and then sequentially drying, cooling, packaging and storing to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer product compounded by the natural adsorption material.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a natural adsorption material compounded bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of organic fertilizer raw materials, 14 parts of microorganisms, 3 parts of biological complex enzyme, 30 parts of natural adsorption materials and 4 parts of mangosteen shells.
The natural adsorption material is a mixture consisting of cypress bark of mexican cypress and ulva, and the mass ratio of the cypress bark of mexican cypress to the ulva is 1: 3.5.
The organic fertilizer raw material is a mixture consisting of rice straws and pig manure, wherein the mass ratio of the rice straws to the pig manure is 5: 7.
The microorganism is a mixture consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus thuringiensis to the bacillus laterosporus to the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus coagulans is 1:1:1:1: 1.
The biological compound enzyme is a mixture consisting of azotase, phosphate solubilizing enzyme, feeding degrading enzyme, disease preventing enzyme and heavy metal adsorbing enzyme, wherein the mass ratio of the azotase to the phosphate solubilizing enzyme to the feeding degrading enzyme to the disease preventing enzyme to the heavy metal adsorbing enzyme is 1:1:1: 1.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by natural adsorbing materials, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the cypress bark of Mexican cypress and the ulva in proportion and crushing to obtain a natural adsorption material; and crushing the mangosteen shells to obtain the conditioning aid material. The average grain diameter of the natural adsorbing material is 50 meshes; the average particle size of the conditioning aid material is 45 meshes.
S2: carrying out dry-wet separation on the livestock manure; crushing the agricultural waste; uniformly mixing the crushed agricultural wastes and dry livestock manure obtained after dry-wet separation according to the weight parts, drying, continuously stirring, and cooling to room temperature after drying is finished to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the average grain diameter of the crushed agricultural waste is 65 meshes, the drying temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 1.25 h.
S3: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer raw material, the microorganisms and the biological complex enzyme according to the weight parts to form a fermentation raw material, and performing fermentation treatment on the fermentation raw material to obtain a fermentation material; the fermentation treatment step comprises the steps of placing fermentation raw materials in a fermentation bin, arranging the fermentation bin to rotate and roll, stirring the fermentation raw materials, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 9.5 days, and the fermentation treatment temperature is 60 ℃.
S4: cooling and air-drying the fermented material for 3.5 days, adding a natural adsorbing material and a conditioning aid material, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing material;
s5: and granulating the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorption material, and then sequentially drying, cooling, packaging and storing to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer product compounded by the natural adsorption material.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a natural adsorption material compounded bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of organic fertilizer raw materials, 6 parts of microorganisms, 5 parts of biological complex enzyme, 25 parts of natural adsorption materials and 2 parts of mangosteen shells.
The natural adsorption material is a mixture consisting of cypress bark of mexican cypress and ulva, and the mass ratio of the cypress bark of mexican cypress to the ulva is 1:3.
The organic fertilizer is prepared from a mixture of rice straws and cow dung, wherein the mass ratio of the rice straws to the cow dung is 3: 5.
The microorganism is a mixture consisting of azotobacter vinelandii, actinomycetes, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, wherein the mass ratio of azotobacter vinelandii, actinomycetes, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans is 1:1:1: 1.
The biological compound enzyme is a mixture consisting of azotase, phosphate solubilizing enzyme, feed degrading enzyme, disease preventing enzyme and plant growth promoting enzyme, wherein the mass ratio of the azotase to the phosphate solubilizing enzyme to the feed degrading enzyme to the disease preventing enzyme to the plant growth promoting enzyme is 1:1:1: 1.
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by natural adsorbing materials, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the cypress bark of Mexican cypress and the ulva in proportion and crushing to obtain a natural adsorption material; and crushing the mangosteen shells to obtain the conditioning aid material. The average grain diameter of the natural adsorbing material is 45 meshes; the conditioning aid material has an average particle size of 43 mesh.
S2: carrying out dry-wet separation on the livestock manure; crushing the agricultural waste; uniformly mixing the crushed agricultural wastes and dry livestock manure obtained after dry-wet separation according to the weight parts, drying, continuously stirring, and cooling to room temperature after drying is finished to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the average grain diameter of the crushed agricultural waste is 62 meshes, the drying temperature is 55 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours.
S3: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer raw material, the microorganisms and the biological complex enzyme according to the weight parts to form a fermentation raw material, and performing fermentation treatment on the fermentation raw material to obtain a fermentation material; the fermentation treatment step comprises the steps of placing fermentation raw materials in a fermentation bin, arranging the fermentation bin to rotate and roll, stirring the fermentation raw materials, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 7 days, and the fermentation treatment temperature is 60 ℃.
S4: cooling and air-drying the fermented material for 3.5 days, adding a natural adsorbing material and a conditioning aid material, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing material;
s5: and granulating the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorption material, and then sequentially drying, cooling, packaging and storing to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer product compounded by the natural adsorption material.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a bio-organic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of organic fertilizer raw materials, 12 parts of microorganisms, 3 parts of biological complex enzyme and 36 parts of natural adsorbing materials.
The natural adsorption material is a mixture consisting of cypress bark of mexican cypress and ulva, and the mass ratio of the cypress bark of mexican cypress to the ulva is 1: 4.5.
The organic fertilizer raw material is a mixture consisting of rice straws and pig manure, wherein the mass ratio of the rice straws to the pig manure is 1: 7.
The microorganism is a mixture consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus coagulans is 1:1:1:1: 1.
The biological compound enzyme is a mixture consisting of nitrogen-fixing enzyme, phosphate-solubilizing enzyme, feed-releasing enzyme, plant growth promoting enzyme and heavy metal adsorption enzyme, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen-fixing enzyme to the phosphate-solubilizing enzyme to the feed-releasing enzyme to the plant growth promoting enzyme to the heavy metal adsorption enzyme is 1:1:1: 1.
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the cypress bark of Mexican cypress and the ulva in proportion and crushing to obtain a natural adsorption material; the average grain diameter of the natural adsorbing material is 55 meshes;
s2: carrying out dry-wet separation on the livestock manure; crushing the agricultural waste; uniformly mixing the crushed agricultural wastes and dry livestock manure obtained after dry-wet separation according to the weight parts, drying, continuously stirring, and cooling to room temperature after drying is finished to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the average grain diameter of the crushed agricultural waste is 67 meshes, the drying temperature is 65 ℃, and the drying time is 1.5 h.
S3: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer raw material, the microorganisms and the biological complex enzyme according to the weight parts to form a fermentation raw material, and performing fermentation treatment on the fermentation raw material to obtain a fermentation material; the fermentation treatment step comprises the steps of placing fermentation raw materials in a fermentation bin, arranging the fermentation bin to rotate and roll, stirring the fermentation raw materials, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 8 days, and the fermentation treatment temperature is 55 ℃.
S4: cooling and air-drying the fermented material for 3 days, adding a natural adsorbing material, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing material;
s5: and granulating the bio-organic fertilizer, drying, cooling, packaging and storing to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer product compounded by the natural adsorption material.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a bio-organic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of organic fertilizer raw materials, 12 parts of microorganisms, 3 parts of biological complex enzyme, 36 parts of ulva lactuca and 3 parts of mangosteen shells.
The organic fertilizer raw material is a mixture consisting of rice straws and pig manure, wherein the mass ratio of the rice straws to the pig manure is 1: 7.
The microorganism is a mixture consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus coagulans is 1:1:1:1: 1.
The biological compound enzyme is a mixture consisting of nitrogen-fixing enzyme, phosphate-solubilizing enzyme, feed-releasing enzyme, plant growth promoting enzyme and heavy metal adsorption enzyme, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen-fixing enzyme to the phosphate-solubilizing enzyme to the feed-releasing enzyme to the plant growth promoting enzyme to the heavy metal adsorption enzyme is 1:1:1: 1.
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing the ulva lactuca to obtain a natural adsorption material; and crushing the mangosteen shells to obtain the conditioning aid material. The average grain diameter of the natural adsorbing material is 55 meshes; the conditioning aid material has an average particle size of 42 mesh.
S2: carrying out dry-wet separation on the livestock manure; crushing the agricultural waste; uniformly mixing the crushed agricultural wastes and dry livestock manure obtained after dry-wet separation according to the weight parts, drying, continuously stirring, and cooling to room temperature after drying is finished to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the average grain diameter of the crushed agricultural waste is 67 meshes, the drying temperature is 65 ℃, and the drying time is 1.5 h.
S3: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer raw material, the microorganisms and the biological complex enzyme according to the weight parts to form a fermentation raw material, and performing fermentation treatment on the fermentation raw material to obtain a fermentation material; the fermentation treatment step comprises the steps of placing fermentation raw materials in a fermentation bin, arranging the fermentation bin to rotate and roll, stirring the fermentation raw materials, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 8 days, and the fermentation treatment temperature is 55 ℃.
S3: cooling and air-drying the fermented material for 3 days, adding a natural adsorbing material and a conditioning aid material, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing material; (ii) a
S4: and granulating the bio-organic fertilizer, and then sequentially drying, cooling, packaging and storing to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer product.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a bio-organic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of organic fertilizer raw materials, 12 parts of microorganisms, 3 parts of biological complex enzyme, 36 parts of cypress bark of Mexican cypress and 3 parts of mangosteen shells.
The organic fertilizer raw material is a mixture consisting of rice straws and pig manure, wherein the mass ratio of the rice straws to the pig manure is 1: 7.
The microorganism is a mixture consisting of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus coagulans, wherein the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus megaterium to the bacillus mucilaginosus to the bacillus licheniformis to the bacillus coagulans is 1:1:1:1: 1.
The biological compound enzyme is a mixture consisting of nitrogen-fixing enzyme, phosphate-solubilizing enzyme, feed-releasing enzyme, plant growth promoting enzyme and heavy metal adsorption enzyme, wherein the mass ratio of the nitrogen-fixing enzyme to the phosphate-solubilizing enzyme to the feed-releasing enzyme to the plant growth promoting enzyme to the heavy metal adsorption enzyme is 1:1:1: 1.
The comparative example provides a preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by natural adsorbing materials, which comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing the cypress bark of Mexican cypress to obtain a natural adsorption material; and crushing the mangosteen shells to obtain the conditioning aid material. The average grain diameter of the natural adsorbing material is 55 meshes; the conditioning aid material has an average particle size of 42 mesh.
S2: carrying out dry-wet separation on the livestock manure; crushing the agricultural waste; uniformly mixing the crushed agricultural wastes and dry livestock manure obtained after dry-wet separation according to the weight parts, drying, continuously stirring, and cooling to room temperature after drying is finished to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material; the average grain diameter of the crushed agricultural waste is 67 meshes, the drying temperature is 65 ℃, and the drying time is 1.5 h.
S3: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer raw material, the microorganisms and the biological complex enzyme according to the weight parts to form a fermentation raw material, and performing fermentation treatment on the fermentation raw material to obtain a fermentation material; the fermentation treatment step comprises the steps of placing fermentation raw materials in a fermentation bin, arranging the fermentation bin to rotate and roll, stirring the fermentation raw materials, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 8 days, and the fermentation treatment temperature is 55 ℃.
S4: cooling and air-drying the fermented material for 3 days, adding a natural adsorbing material and a conditioning aid material, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing material;
s5: and granulating the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorption material, and then drying, cooling, packaging and storing the granules in sequence to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer product compounded by the natural adsorption material.
Test example
The bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing materials prepared in the examples 1, 2, 3, 1, 2 and 3 is respectively used in the planting process of crops, detecting the percentage increase of crop yield after crops are mature, detecting the concentration of heavy metal ions in soil before and after the crops are planted, thereby calculating the adsorption rate of the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by each natural adsorption material on heavy metal ions and detecting the incidence rate of the crop bacterial wilt, and the specific results are shown in the following table 1, as can be seen from the table 1, the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing materials prepared in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 can effectively adsorb heavy metal ions in soil, the adsorption rate can reach 80-89%, the soil quality is greatly improved, the product increment is 20-32%, and the growth of crops is facilitated. The incidence of the crop bacterial wilt is obviously reduced. The crops selected in this test example were rice and strawberry.
Table 1 detection results of bio-organic fertilizer compounded by natural adsorption materials for planting of crops
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. A bio-organic fertilizer compounded by natural adsorption materials is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of organic fertilizer raw materials, 5-15 parts of microorganisms, 3-6 parts of biological complex enzyme, 15-36 parts of natural adsorbing materials and 2-4 parts of conditioning auxiliary materials.
2. The bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural adsorbing materials comprise cypress bark and ulva lactuca, and the mass ratio of the cypress bark to the ulva lactuca is 1: 3-4.5.
3. The bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorption material of claim 1, wherein the conditioning auxiliary material is mangosteen nutshell.
4. The bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural absorption material according to claim 1, wherein,
the organic fertilizer raw materials comprise agricultural wastes and livestock excrements;
the microorganism comprises at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus laterosporus, azotobacter vinelandii, actinomycetes and antagonistic pathogenic bacteria;
the biological compound enzyme comprises at least one of azotase, phosphate solubilizing enzyme, feed solubilizing enzyme, plant growth promoting enzyme, heavy metal adsorption enzyme and disease preventing enzyme.
5. The bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural absorption material according to claim 4, wherein,
the agricultural waste comprises at least one of rice straw, corn straw and wheat straw;
the livestock manure comprises at least one of pig manure, chicken manure and cow manure.
6. A preparation method of a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by natural adsorption materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: mixing the cypress bark of Mexican cypress and the ulva in proportion and crushing to obtain a natural adsorption material; crushing the mangosteen shells to obtain a conditioning aid material;
s2: carrying out dry-wet separation on the livestock manure; crushing the agricultural waste; uniformly mixing the crushed agricultural wastes and dry livestock manure obtained after dry-wet separation according to the weight parts, drying, continuously stirring, and cooling to room temperature after drying is finished to obtain an organic fertilizer raw material;
s3: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer raw material, the microorganisms and the biological complex enzyme according to the weight parts to form a fermentation raw material, and performing fermentation treatment on the fermentation raw material to obtain a fermentation material;
s4: cooling and air-drying the fermented material, adding a natural adsorbing material and a conditioning aid material, and uniformly stirring to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing material;
s5: and granulating the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorption material, and then sequentially drying, cooling, packaging and storing to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer product compounded by the natural adsorption material.
7. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing materials according to claim 6, wherein in the step S1, the average grain diameter of the natural adsorbing materials is 40-60 meshes; the average particle size of the conditioning aid material is 40-45 meshes.
8. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing materials as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S2, the average particle size of the crushed agricultural waste is 60-70 meshes, the drying temperature is 55-70 ℃, and the drying time is 0.8-2.4 h.
9. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing materials as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S3, the fermentation treatment step comprises placing fermentation raw materials in a fermentation bin, setting the fermentation bin to rotate and roll, and stirring the fermentation raw materials, wherein the fermentation treatment time is 6-10 days, and the fermentation treatment temperature is 42-65 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the bio-organic fertilizer compounded by the natural adsorbing material as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S4, the cooling and air drying time is 3-3.5 days.
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