CN112244176A - Feed for efficiently promoting exuviation of juvenile crayfish - Google Patents
Feed for efficiently promoting exuviation of juvenile crayfish Download PDFInfo
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- CN112244176A CN112244176A CN202010883398.3A CN202010883398A CN112244176A CN 112244176 A CN112244176 A CN 112244176A CN 202010883398 A CN202010883398 A CN 202010883398A CN 112244176 A CN112244176 A CN 112244176A
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- feed
- crayfish
- vitamin
- molting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/168—Steroids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a feed for efficiently promoting exuviation of young crayfishes, and belongs to the field of aquaculture. The feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of rapeseed meal, 30-40 parts of wheat bran, 3-10 parts of fish meal, 3-10 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 1-5 parts of composite mineral, 1-5 parts of composite vitamin, 1-10 parts of cholesterol and 10-20 parts of deionized water. The feed provided by the invention can obviously increase the molting times of the crayfish larvae, reduce the death rate, and promote the crayfish to absorb phosphorus and calcium elements, thereby promoting the growth and development of the crayfish larvae, shortening the crayfish culture period and reducing the culture cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a feed for efficiently promoting molting of young crayfishes.
Background
Procambarus clarkii (academic name: Procambarus clarkii) is commonly called red crayfish, belonging to the arthropoda, Crustacea, Depodales, Crataegus, Procambarus. The procambarus clarkia has low meat yield but rich nutrition, and the muscle protein content of the procambarus clarkia is higher than that of most freshwater and seawater fishes and shrimps. And after entering the Chinese market, the product becomes an important economic crustal variety due to the extremely strong field survival adaptability.
Like many crustaceans, crayfish growth is accompanied by shelling, which generally seeks concealers, such as in the water grass clumps or under the leaves of the plant. The maximum weight increment after molting can reach 95%, sexual maturity can be reached after 11 molting, and sexually mature individuals can continue to grow through molting. The crayfish has a precursor before molting, such as stopping eating before molting, reducing activity and keeping calm. The whole molting cycle can be divided into 5 stages, namely a soft shell stage, a later molting stage, an molting interval, an early molting stage and a molting stage. The large-scale artificial production of the soft-shell lobster can be carried out as long as the shelling rule of the crayfish is mastered and the living environment suitable for the growth and shelling of the crayfish is designed. The molting of crayfish has a certain rhythm, which is related to the growth stage, the growth season, the water temperature, the nutritional status, the environmental conditions and the like. The lobster from hatching to young lobster can be sexually mature through 11 molting, the molting times of the sexually mature female and male lobster are reduced rapidly, and the lobster with long growth period can only be molted once a year basically. Therefore, as the lobsters grow and grow up, the molting times of the lobsters are reduced, and the time interval between the two molting is prolonged. In the larval stage, the shrimps are molted for 1 time in 4-6 days generally; and (5) molting the young shrimps for 1 time in 8-10 days until the young shrimps reach the sexual maturity stage. The molting period of the lobsters is 4-10 months per year, but 5-6 months are the peak period. Crayfish has hibernation habit, and through hibernation for several months, the energy consumption in the body is very large, the crust of the body also grows thicker, and the lobster climbs out of the cave in spring and starts to eat a large amount of food, and simultaneously, the crust must be sloughed off in order to grow rapidly. 9-10 months is the breeding period of the lobsters, and the molting is obviously reduced.
Cholesterol is an essential nutrient for many crustaceans and is also a major substance in the synthesis of ecdysone. However, crustaceans cannot synthesize cholesterol in vivo and need to be added externally to be required by themselves. In the crayfish breeding process, cholesterol is required to be taken in from the feed and then is converted into ecdysone in vivo, so that the crayfish can be smoothly ecdysed. The crayfish has the defects that the shell of the crayfish cannot be shelled and hardened due to insufficient intake of cholesterol, a soft shell is formed or the shelling is not smooth, and the growth speed is reduced.
CN 108552413 a discloses a compound crayfish feed, which adopts raw materials including corn flour, pig blood, earthworm powder, sorghum flour, silkworm chrysalis powder, yam flour, jasmine, turmeric, gluten powder, sealwort, bighead atractylodes rhizome, joss stick, figwort root, rhizoma anemarrhenae and green tea powder. The feed with the ingredient ratio is claimed to be capable of effectively promoting the growth of the crayfish, however, corresponding experimental data are lacked as references, and the fact that the medicinal materials with the large dosage are used as raw materials of the crayfish feed is not questioned.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: aiming at the defects of the existing feed formula, the invention provides the feed for efficiently promoting the molting of the young crayfish, which can promote the molting of the crayfish, shorten the breeding period and reduce the breeding cost.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the feed for efficiently promoting the molting of young crayfishes is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of rapeseed meal, 30-40 parts of wheat bran, 3-10 parts of fish meal, 3-10 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 1-5 parts of composite mineral, 1-5 parts of composite vitamin, 1-10 parts of cholesterol and 10-20 parts of deionized water.
Preferably, the fish meal is made from carnivorous fish meat.
Preferably, the carnivorous fish comprises catfish, snakeheads and black carps.
Preferably, the main component of the composite mineral is tricalcium phosphate or monocalcium phosphate.
Preferably, the vitamin complex comprises, by weight, 20-25% of vitamin A, 10-15% of vitamin B1, 20-25% of vitamin C, 15-20% of vitamin D3 and 20-30% of vitamin E.
Part of the raw materials in the feed are explained as follows:
the soybean meal is a vegetable protein feed raw material which is processed by deoiling, dehydrating and crushing after soybean oil is extracted from soybeans. The soybean meal is generally in irregular flake shape, is light yellow to light brown in color, and has the flavor of roasted soybeans. The main components of the soybean meal are as follows: 40 to 48 percent of protein, 2.5 to 3.0 percent of lysine, 0.6 to 0.7 percent of tryptophan and 0.5 to 0.7 percent of methionine.
Rapeseed meal is a plant protein feed raw material which is processed by deoiling, dewatering and crushing after the rapeseed is subjected to a pre-pressing leaching process. The rapeseed dregs have the crude protein content of about 36 percent, balanced amino acid composition, high sulfur-containing amino acid content, high methionine and lysine content and low arginine content.
The wheat bran is also called wheat bran, a by-product of wheat processing flour, is wheat yellow flaky or powdery substance, contains a large amount of vitamin B, is rich in cellulose and vitamins, contains rich dietary fibers, can improve the fiber components in food, and is high-quality food fiber in crayfish feed.
The fish powder is a high-protein feed raw material which is prepared by using one or more fishes as raw materials and carrying out deoiling, dehydration and crushing. The fish meal does not contain substances such as cellulose and the like which are difficult to digest, has high crude fat content and high effective energy value, and is easy to prepare high-energy feed by taking the fish meal as a raw material in production. Fish meal is a good source of minerals, has high contents of calcium and phosphorus and proper proportion, and all phosphorus can be utilized. The selenium content of the fish meal is very high and can reach more than 2 mg/kg. In addition, the fish meal has high content of iodine, zinc, iron and selenium and contains a proper amount of arsenic. The fish meal contains unknown factors for promoting growth and can stimulate the growth and development of crayfish. Carnivorous fish contains abundant protein and can be used as a high-quality source of fish meat powder in crayfish feed.
Silkworm pupa is a high-protein nutriment, contains protein and fatty oil, and its main components are unsaturated fatty acid, glycerine vinegar, small quantity of lecithin, Zi-alcohol and fat-soluble vitamins, etc. The silkworm pupa contains abundant protein and a plurality of amino acids, has extremely high nutritive value, has the amino acid content about 2 times that of pork, 4 times that of eggs and 10 times that of milk, has balanced nutrition and proper proportion, and is high-quality insect protein.
Tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate both contain trace elements required by exuviation of crayfish such as phosphorus and calcium, and can be used as nutritional supplement of feed.
Vitamin D3 is known as Cholecalciferol (Cholecalciferol), which is a kind of vitamin D, and vitamin D3 can improve the absorption of calcium and phosphorus by the body, promote the molting of crayfish and accelerate the regeneration of the shell after molting.
Cholesterol is also known as cholesterol. A derivative of cyclopentane multi-hydrogen phenanthrene. The molecular formula is as follows: c27H46O, molecular weight: 386.6535.
deionized water is nearly pure water obtained by removing ionic impurities from water through ion exchange resin.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the feed provided by the invention adopts soybean meal, rapeseed meal, wheat bran, fish meal, silkworm chrysalis and cholesterol as main raw materials of the feed, adopts reasonable proportioning combination, provides abundant carbohydrates, food fibers, sugar, proteins, amino acids, mineral substances, vitamins and trace elements for crayfish, has comprehensive and balanced nutrition, is healthy in proportioning, has various raw material types, accords with the characteristic of crayfish omnivorous food, can promote the growth and development of crayfish, improves the immunity of crayfish, and reduces the death rate.
2. The proper cholesterol water is additionally added into the feed, so that the molting of the crayfish can be promoted, the regeneration of the carapace after the molting is accelerated, the adverse symptoms of soft and thin carapace, separation from muscles, water accumulation and the like of the crayfish are prevented, the synchronous molting of the crayfish is promoted, the mutual silkworm feeding is reduced, the death rate is reduced, the molting is promoted, the culture period is shortened, and the culture cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The feed for efficiently promoting the molting of young crayfishes is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 30 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 2 parts of composite mineral, 2 parts of composite vitamin, 2 parts of cholesterol and 20 parts of deionized water.
The fish meat powder is prepared from carnivorous fish meat (such as catfish, snakehead, black carp and the like).
The main component of the composite mineral is tricalcium phosphate.
The compound vitamin comprises 20 percent of vitamin A, 15 percent of vitamin B1, 20 percent of vitamin C, 15 percent of vitamin D3 and 30 percent of vitamin E according to weight percentage.
The raw materials are crushed and mixed to prepare the feed.
Example 2
The feed for efficiently promoting the molting of young crayfishes is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of soybean meal, 25 parts of rapeseed meal, 35 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 2 parts of composite mineral, 2 parts of composite vitamin, 2 parts of cholesterol and 20 parts of deionized water.
The fish meat powder is prepared from carnivorous fish meat (such as catfish, snakehead, black carp and the like).
The main component of the compound mineral is calcium dihydrogen phosphate.
The compound vitamin comprises 25% of vitamin A, 10% of vitamin B1, 25% of vitamin C, 20% of vitamin D3 and 20% of vitamin E in percentage by weight.
The raw materials are crushed and mixed to prepare the feed.
Example 3
The feed for efficiently promoting the molting of young crayfishes is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of rapeseed meal, 30 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 2 parts of composite mineral, 2 parts of composite vitamin, 5 parts of cholesterol and 20 parts of deionized water.
The fish meat powder is prepared from carnivorous fish meat (such as catfish, snakehead, black carp and the like).
The main component of the compound mineral is calcium dihydrogen phosphate.
The compound vitamin comprises 22 percent of vitamin A, 13 percent of vitamin B1, 23 percent of vitamin C, 17 percent of vitamin D3 and 25 percent of vitamin E according to weight percentage.
The raw materials are crushed and mixed to prepare the feed.
Test example 1
In the first 6 th month, 800 healthy crayfish larvae with the body length of 1-2 cm are randomly selected and evenly divided into 4 groups (a control group and example groups 1-3) at random, wherein the control group is fed with common feed, the example groups 1-3 are fed with the feed in the examples 1-3 respectively, and the feeding period is 45 days. Crayfish were weighed before and after the test, and the weight change, molting frequency and mortality of crayfish during the test were recorded, and the specific results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 Effect of feed on crayfish growth Performance
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the molting times of the crayfishes in the example groups 1-3 are far higher than those of the control group, so that the feed disclosed by the invention can effectively promote the molting of the crayfishes, the average weight gain of the crayfishes in the control group is smaller than that of the example groups 1-3, the feed disclosed by the invention can promote the growth and development of the crayfishes, and the survival rates of the crayfishes are more than 92% and higher than 75.5% of those of the control group, so that the feed disclosed by the invention can reduce the death rate of the crayfishes.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described, various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and changes fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The feed for efficiently promoting the molting of young crayfishes is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 20-30 parts of rapeseed meal, 30-40 parts of wheat bran, 3-10 parts of fish meal, 3-10 parts of silkworm chrysalis, 1-5 parts of composite mineral, 1-5 parts of composite vitamin, 1-10 parts of cholesterol and 10-20 parts of deionized water.
2. The feed for efficiently promoting the molting of the juvenile crayfish of claim 1, wherein the fish meal is made of carnivorous fish meat.
3. The feed for efficiently promoting the molting of the juvenile crayfish of the crayfish as claimed in claim 2, wherein the carnivorous fish comprises catfish, snakehead and black carp.
4. The feed for promoting the molting of the juvenile crayfish with high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main component of the compound mineral is tricalcium phosphate or monocalcium phosphate.
5. The feed for efficiently promoting the molting of the young crayfishes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vitamin complex comprises 20-25% by weight of vitamin A, 10-15% by weight of vitamin B1, 20-25% by weight of vitamin C, 15-20% by weight of vitamin D3 and 20-30% by weight of vitamin E.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010883398.3A CN112244176A (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Feed for efficiently promoting exuviation of juvenile crayfish |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010883398.3A CN112244176A (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Feed for efficiently promoting exuviation of juvenile crayfish |
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| CN112244176A true CN112244176A (en) | 2021-01-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010883398.3A Pending CN112244176A (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Feed for efficiently promoting exuviation of juvenile crayfish |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106343257A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-25 | 梁小荣 | Feed capable of promoting molt of crayfish and preparation method thereof |
| CN108684985A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-23 | 合肥华龙生物工程有限公司 | The breeding feed of phase between cray shelling |
| CN109452498A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-03-12 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of feed promoting cray husking |
| CN110419648A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-08 | 云南俊涛养殖有限公司 | A kind of promotion cray husking breeding feed |
-
2020
- 2020-08-28 CN CN202010883398.3A patent/CN112244176A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106343257A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-25 | 梁小荣 | Feed capable of promoting molt of crayfish and preparation method thereof |
| CN108684985A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-23 | 合肥华龙生物工程有限公司 | The breeding feed of phase between cray shelling |
| CN109452498A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-03-12 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of feed promoting cray husking |
| CN110419648A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-08 | 云南俊涛养殖有限公司 | A kind of promotion cray husking breeding feed |
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