CN112210989A - 一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112210989A
CN112210989A CN202011104548.2A CN202011104548A CN112210989A CN 112210989 A CN112210989 A CN 112210989A CN 202011104548 A CN202011104548 A CN 202011104548A CN 112210989 A CN112210989 A CN 112210989A
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王军
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Shucheng Xiaomartin Children's Products Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，属于纺织技术领域，包括如下步骤：(1)棉纱线预处理；(2)染色处理；(3)纺织；(4)喷覆处理。本发明改变传统的先织后染的纺织品染色方式，本发明通过对棉纱线进行处理后染色再纺织成布，并进行性能加强稳定处理的方式来提高染料的上染率以及固色率，改善棉布的加工特性，提升棉布的品质，极具市场推广应用价值。

Description

一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域，特别是一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法。
背景技术
婴幼儿床品具体包含床单、被套、被、枕、枕套、垫、垫套、床围、床垫套、包巾等产品。随着人们生活水平的提升，人们对于婴幼儿床品的要求不仅仅局限在布料的品质，还要关注产品的美观和使用幸福指数，传统的对于棉布的染色一般采用先织后染，所以割开后纱的颜色因染色不均会泛白色本纱的颜色，如果采用先染后织的方式，又会造成织带力学性能下降。现今也有很多关于提高棉布染色特性的染色方法，但是多存在染色不均，布料本身加工和使用性能受损的现象，如申请号为CN201711333671.X公开了一种棉布料染色工艺，包括以下步骤：浸泡：将棉布料放入容器中浸泡5～10分钟；染色：将浸泡好的棉布料加入染色剂，染色剂有A组染色剂和B组染色剂；固色：将染色剂加温至50～60℃，恒温下采用卷染法对染色的棉布料进行染色；水洗：将固色好的棉布料进行水洗，水洗两遍；烘干：将水洗好的棉布料进行烘干。本发明的有益效果：本发明采用染色、固色步骤缩短流程和节约染色时间，使得染色工艺和颜色控制简单易行，采用本发明的工艺还可节约水资源，减少单位重量棉布料的废水排放量，满足新型面料的染整配套工艺需求及市场需求。虽然对其染整工艺进行调整，节约了资源，但是无法避免的损害了布料的加工和使用性能，也存在一定的染色不均，易褪色的现象。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种提升天然纤维着色能力的加工方法，以解决现有技术中的不足。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)棉纱线预处理：
a.将棉纱线浸入处理液A中，然后将其置于摇床上，在摇晃处理的同时进行冷热交替处理，处理10～14h后，滤出棉纱线，纯水清洗后烘干备用；
b.将操作a中放入电晕放电仪中进行电晕处理，处理10～12s；
(2)染色处理：
棉纱线浸入染色液中进行染色处理，染色处理后滤出进行电晕处理，再用纯水冲洗3～5次后，真空干燥后备用；
(3)纺织：
将步骤(2)中染色处理后的棉纱线作为带体的经纱和纬纱，采用平纹组织进行编织成布；
(4)喷覆处理：
将带有染料的处理液B均匀的喷覆到步骤(3)纺织的棉布的表面，在喷覆的同时进行激光冲击波处理，完成后真空干燥后备用；
进一步的，步骤(1)操作a中所述的处理液A中各成分及对应重量百分比为：液氨2～3％、离子液体0.3～0.36％、二水合醋酸锌0.06～0.09％、N,N二甲基甲酰胺0.02～0.03％，余量为无水乙醇。
进一步的，步骤(1)操作a中所述的摇晃处理时摇床的速度为90～120rpm。
进一步的，步骤(1)操作a中所述的冷热交替处理的程序为：环境温度80～90℃处理1～2h，环境温度-4～0℃处理30～40min。
进一步的，步骤(1)操作b中所述的电晕处理的电压为2～4kV。
进一步的，步骤(2)中所述的染色液中各成分及对应重量百分比为：染料8～10％、聚山梨酯1～3％、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.22～0.26％、D-异抗坏血酸0.03～0.06％、余量为纯化水。
进一步的，步骤(2)中所述的电晕处理的电压为4～6kV。
进一步的，步骤(4)中所述的处理液B中各成分及对应重量百分比为：染料1～3％、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单月桂酸酯0.003～0.009％、有机硅类柔顺剂0.2～0.3％、硬脂酸镁0.02～0.05％，余量为纯化水。
进一步的，步骤(4)中所述的激光冲击波处理的技术参数为：激光冲击波的发出功率为2～3GW/cm2，脉冲宽度为20～30ns。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明改变传统的先织后染的纺织品染色方式，本发明通过对棉纱线进行处理后染色再纺织成布，并进行性能加强稳定处理的方式来提高染料的上染率以及固色率，改善棉布的加工特性，提升棉布的品质，极具市场推广应用价值。具体的先对棉纱线进行预处理，将其浸入处理液A中，利用摇床进行摇晃的同时进行冷热交替处理，处理液中的有效成分反复渗透进入棉纱线纤维的结晶区，使纤维素的结晶区发生深刻的变化，并且通过反复处理，使结晶区反应表面积增大，有利于提高纤维素的反应性能，并且性能稳定，然后进行电晕强化处理，提高纤维素的表面活性，为后续染料的进入奠定很好的基础，并且能使染料稳定的存在于纤维素的内部，防止发生褪色的现象，纺织后，在激光冲击波的辅助作用下，将处理液B均匀的喷覆到编织的棉布表面，改善织布过程中可能出现的染色不均的现象，同时进一步提高染色的稳定性，提高其固色率。
附图说明
图1为本发明具体实施方式部分各实施例上染率的试验对比图；
图2为本发明具体实施例方式部分各实施例固色率的试验对比图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)棉纱线预处理：
a.将棉纱线浸入处理液A中，然后将其置于摇床上，在摇晃处理的同时进行冷热交替处理，处理10h后，滤出棉纱线，纯水清洗后烘干备用；
b.将操作a中放入电晕放电仪中进行电晕处理，处理10s；
(2)染色处理：
棉纱线浸入染色液中进行染色处理，染色处理后滤出进行电晕处理，再用纯水冲洗3次后，真空干燥后备用；
(3)纺织：
将步骤(2)中染色处理后的棉纱线作为带体的经纱和纬纱，采用平纹组织进行编织成布；
(4)喷覆处理：
将带有染料的处理液B均匀的喷覆到步骤(3)纺织的棉布的表面，在喷覆的同时进行激光冲击波处理，完成后真空干燥后备用；
步骤(1)操作a中所述的处理液A中各成分及对应重量百分比为：液氨2％、离子液体0.3％、二水合醋酸锌0.06％、N,N二甲基甲酰胺0.02％，余量为无水乙醇。
步骤(1)操作a中所述的摇晃处理时摇床的速度为90rpm。
步骤(1)操作a中所述的冷热交替处理的程序为：环境温度80℃处理1h，环境温度-4℃处理30min。
步骤(1)操作b中所述的电晕处理的电压为2kV。
步骤(2)中所述的染色液中各成分及对应重量百分比为：染料8％、聚山梨酯1％、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.22％、D-异抗坏血酸0.03％、余量为纯化水。
步骤(2)中所述的电晕处理的电压为4～6kV。
步骤(4)中所述的处理液B中各成分及对应重量百分比为：染料1％、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单月桂酸酯0.003％、有机硅类柔顺剂0.2％、硬脂酸镁0.02％，余量为纯化水。
步骤(4)中所述的激光冲击波处理的技术参数为：激光冲击波的发出功率为2GW/cm2，脉冲宽度为20ns。
实施例2
一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)棉纱线预处理：
a.将棉纱线浸入处理液A中，然后将其置于摇床上，在摇晃处理的同时进行冷热交替处理，处理12h后，滤出棉纱线，纯水清洗后烘干备用；
b.将操作a中放入电晕放电仪中进行电晕处理，处理11s；
(2)染色处理：
棉纱线浸入染色液中进行染色处理，染色处理后滤出进行电晕处理，再用纯水冲洗4次后，真空干燥后备用；
(3)纺织：
将步骤(2)中染色处理后的棉纱线作为带体的经纱和纬纱，采用平纹组织进行编织成布；
(4)喷覆处理：
将带有染料的处理液B均匀的喷覆到步骤(3)纺织的棉布的表面，在喷覆的同时进行激光冲击波处理，完成后真空干燥后备用；
步骤(1)操作a中所述的处理液A中各成分及对应重量百分比为：液氨2.5％、离子液体0.33％、二水合醋酸锌0.0759％、N,N二甲基甲酰胺0.025％，余量为无水乙醇。
步骤(1)操作a中所述的摇晃处理时摇床的速度为105rpm。
步骤(1)操作a中所述的冷热交替处理的程序为：环境温度85℃处理1.5h，环境温度-2℃处理35min。
步骤(1)操作b中所述的电晕处理的电压为3kV。
步骤(2)中所述的染色液中各成分及对应重量百分比为：染料9％、聚山梨酯2％、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.24％、D-异抗坏血酸0.045％、余量为纯化水。
步骤(2)中所述的电晕处理的电压为5kV。
步骤(4)中所述的处理液B中各成分及对应重量百分比为：染料2％、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单月桂酸酯0.006％、有机硅类柔顺剂0.25％、硬脂酸镁0.035％，余量为纯化水。
步骤(4)中所述的激光冲击波处理的技术参数为：激光冲击波的发出功率为2.5GW/cm2，脉冲宽度为25ns。
实施例3
一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)棉纱线预处理：
a.将棉纱线浸入处理液A中，然后将其置于摇床上，在摇晃处理的同时进行冷热交替处理，处理14h后，滤出棉纱线，纯水清洗后烘干备用；
b.将操作a中放入电晕放电仪中进行电晕处理，处理12s；
(2)染色处理：
棉纱线浸入染色液中进行染色处理，染色处理后滤出进行电晕处理，再用纯水冲洗5次后，真空干燥后备用；
(3)纺织：
将步骤(2)中染色处理后的棉纱线作为带体的经纱和纬纱，采用平纹组织进行编织成布；
(4)喷覆处理：
将带有染料的处理液B均匀的喷覆到步骤(3)纺织的棉布的表面，在喷覆的同时进行激光冲击波处理，完成后真空干燥后备用；
步骤(1)操作a中所述的处理液A中各成分及对应重量百分比为：液氨3％、离子液体0.36％、二水合醋酸锌0.09％、N,N二甲基甲酰胺0.03％，余量为无水乙醇。
步骤(1)操作a中所述的摇晃处理时摇床的速度为120rpm。
步骤(1)操作a中所述的冷热交替处理的程序为：环境温度90℃处理2h，环境温度-4～0℃处理40min。
步骤(1)操作b中所述的电晕处理的电压为4kV。
步骤(2)中所述的染色液中各成分及对应重量百分比为：染料10％、聚山梨酯3％、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.26％、D-异抗坏血酸0.06％、余量为纯化水。
步骤(2)中所述的电晕处理的电压为6kV。
步骤(4)中所述的处理液B中各成分及对应重量百分比为：染料3％、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单月桂酸酯0.009％、有机硅类柔顺剂0.3％、硬脂酸镁0.05％，余量为纯化水。
步骤(4)中所述的激光冲击波处理的技术参数为：激光冲击波的发出功率为3GW/cm2，脉冲宽度为30ns。
对比实施例1
本对比实施例1与实施例2相比，在步骤(1)棉纱线预处理中，省去操作a的整个过程，除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对比实施例2
本对比实施例2与实施例2相比，在步骤(1)棉纱线预处理中，省去操作b的整个过程，除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对比实施例3
本对比实施例3与实施例2相比，省去步骤(1)棉纱线预处理的整个过程，除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对比实施例4
本对比实施例4与实施例2相比，在步骤(2)染色处理中，省去电晕处理，除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对比实施例5
本对比实施例5与实施例2相比，省去步骤(4)喷覆处理的整个过程，除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对照组
申请号为：CN201711333671.X公开的一种棉布料染色工艺。
为了对比本发明效果，选取同一批出产的同一规格的棉纱线作为试验对象，将选取的棉纱线随机分成等质等量的6组，选择分散红FB、分散黄M-4GL和分散蓝2BLN为三原色染料，然后分别用上述实施例2、对比例实施例1～5对应方法进行染色处理，同时用对照组的方法对棉布进行染色，染色完成后，采用DMF剥色法，分别测定每组棉布的每种染料的上染百分率，具体上染百分率对比图如图1所示。将每组染色后的棉布上未固着的水解染料洗掉，然后通过标准皂液与皂煮残液的光密度值计算试样在织带上的固色率。将收集的皂洗残液和水洗液合并，与标准皂液稀释相同的倍数后，用紫外分光光度计在皂液液的最大吸收波长处分别测出皂洗残液和标准皂液的吸光光度值Di和D0，再用下列公式计算固色率：F(％)＝E－D1/D0×100％，每组做6个平行试验，取平均值作为最终试验结果，具体试验对比数据如图2所示。
由图1可知，本申请实施例2相较于对比实施例和对照组，分散红FB、分散黄M-4GL和分散蓝2BLN为三原色染料的上染百分率均较高，并且三中原色染料的上染率均衡，没有出现像对比实施例和对照组中不同染料上染百分率差异明显的现象，也即，通过本发明方法染色的稳定性好。
由图2可以看出，本发明提供了一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，其固色率高达96.9％，而对照组的棉纱线的固色仅为59.7％，可见本申请方法制备的棉布染料的固色性能显著优于对照组方法。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，但本发明不以所示限定实施范围，凡是依照本发明的构想所作的改变，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例，仍未超出说明书所涵盖的精神时，均应在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)棉纱线预处理：
a.将棉纱线浸入处理液A中，然后将其置于摇床上，在摇晃处理的同时进行冷热交替处理，处理10～14h后，滤出棉纱线，纯水清洗后烘干备用；
b.将操作a中放入电晕放电仪中进行电晕处理，处理10～12s；
(2)染色处理：
棉纱线浸入染色液中进行染色处理，染色处理后滤出进行电晕处理，再用纯水冲洗3～5次后，真空干燥后备用；
(3)纺织：
将步骤(2)中染色处理后的棉纱线作为带体的经纱和纬纱，采用平纹组织进行编织成布；
(4)喷覆处理：
将带有染料的处理液B均匀的喷覆到步骤(3)纺织的棉布的表面，在喷覆的同时进行激光冲击波处理，完成后真空干燥后备用。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)操作a中所述的处理液A中各成分及对应重量百分比为：液氨2～3％、离子液体0.3～0.36％、二水合醋酸锌0.06～0.09％、N,N二甲基甲酰胺0.02～0.03％，余量为无水乙醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)操作a中所述的摇晃处理时摇床的速度为90～120rpm。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)操作a中所述的冷热交替处理的程序为：环境温度80～90℃处理1～2h，环境温度-4～0℃处理30～40min。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)操作b中所述的电晕处理的电压为2～4kV。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述的染色液中各成分及对应重量百分比为：染料8～10％、聚山梨酯1～3％、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.22～0.26％、D-异抗坏血酸0.03～0.06％、余量为纯化水。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述的电晕处理的电压为4～6kV。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中所述的处理液B中各成分及对应重量百分比为：染料1～3％、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐单月桂酸酯0.003～0.009％、有机硅类柔顺剂0.2～0.3％、硬脂酸镁0.02～0.05％，余量为纯化水。
9.根据权利要求1所述一种高上染率、高固色率棉布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中所述的激光冲击波处理的技术参数为：激光冲击波的发出功率为2～3GW/cm2，脉冲宽度为20～30ns。
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