CN112205266A

CN112205266A - Cotton planting method for promoting seedling early-growing

Info

Publication number: CN112205266A
Application number: CN202011132732.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡守林; 陈国栋; 马银虎; 万素梅; 张伟; 冯璐; 唐江华; 翟云龙; 刘禅; 田玉刚; 王飞; 张泽东
Original assignee: Tarim University
Current assignee: Tarim University
Priority date: 2020-10-21
Filing date: 2020-10-21
Publication date: 2021-01-12
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-21
Also published as: CN112205266B

Abstract

The invention discloses a cotton planting method for promoting early emergence of seedlings, which adopts precision seeding and implements wide and narrow row configuration to ensure that the row spacing is 66-76 cm, the plant spacing is 9.6-11.5 cm, and the theoretical number of protected seedlings is 13800-16800 plants/mu; spraying a first seedling early-growth regulator about 10-25 days after sowing, and respectively carrying out twice seedling early-growth regulator spraying operations after every 10-15 days after the first spraying. The invention provides a cotton planting method for promoting seedling early-growing, which combines the previous mepiquat chloride application experience and combines a plurality of different types of exogenous plant growth regulators, and the formula is applied in the cotton seedling stage, so that a good formula which can inhibit the overground part growth of cotton seedlings and promote the root system to extend and develop is found, the effect of strengthening the seedlings is achieved, and a good foundation is laid for the excellent yield and the high yield of cotton.

Description

Cotton planting method for promoting seedling early-growing

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cotton planting method for promoting seedling and early hair.

Background

Along with the continuous improvement of the cotton yield, a series of problems appear in production, such as the conditions of large-area late maturity, premature senility, serious big and small seedling phenomena and the like restrict the high yield and high efficiency of cotton, cause serious yield loss, also cause the reduction of the cotton quality, and become a great obstacle factor for increasing the yield and income of farmers. The plant growth regulator can achieve the purposes of improving yield, improving quality, promoting ripening and the like by promoting or inhibiting the growth or fruit ripening of stems, leaves, roots, buds and flowers, protecting flowers and fruits, thinning flowers and fruits, advancing or prolonging dormancy, promoting fruit enlargement and the like, so that part of agricultural products need to use the plant growth regulator in the production process to realize the optimal production effect and nutritional quality expression of the agricultural products.

In recent years, the effect of mepiquat chloride on controlling the length of cotton internodes is mostly accepted, and scholars at home and abroad never stop the research of mepiquat chloride from the application to the present, and provide a lot of valuable suggestions from the time of application, the dosage and the action of cotton, but the research on whether the mepiquat chloride is matched with a common compound rooting agent to use has a chemical reaction (promotion or inhibition effect) and how to match the application to achieve a better effect is less.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for promoting early emergence of seedlings in cotton planting, which comprises the steps of performing precision seeding and performing wide-narrow row arrangement to ensure a row spacing of 66-76 cm, a plant spacing of 9.6-11.5 cm, and a theoretical number of protected seedlings of 13800-;

wherein, a first seedling early-growth regulator is sprayed about 10 to 25 days after sowing, and the two operations of spraying the seedling early-growth regulator are respectively carried out after every 10 to 15 days after the first spraying;

the raw materials of the seedling-promoting early-hair regulator are configured to comprise: 3-5g/667m2 of mepiquat chloride, 0.2-0.3g/667m2 of 6-benzylaminopurine, 3-5g/667m2 of sodium indole acetate, and the balance of water, wherein the concentration of the mepiquat chloride is controlled to be 99%, the concentration of the 6-benzylaminopurine is controlled to be more than or equal to 99%, and the concentration of the sodium indole acetate is controlled to be more than or equal to 97%.

Preferably, the method further comprises a field culturing operation performed before sowing, wherein the field culturing is configured to comprise:

step one, improving the sterilized land by adopting an organic matter before sowing;

step one, after harvesting in the previous season, crushing straws, and uniformly spreading the straws in the ground;

turning over in autumn and irrigating in winter;

wherein, in the step one, after harvesting in the previous season, the on-site straw crushing work is carried out in time, the crushed length is ensured to be 1-2cm, the stubble height is 0-5cm, the crushed straw is uniformly spread on the soil surface, the straw is covered on the soil for about 7-15 days, and the sterilization is carried out.

In the second step, on the basis of the first step, after applying 1500-year and 800-year decomposed livestock manure and plant residue mixture and cake fertilizer 800-year per mu, the soil turning operation is carried out, the tractor plough is used for ploughing the soil with the ploughing depth of 20-25cm, the ploughing depth is consistent, the ploughed soil slices are well turned, no ploughed soil is erected, no ploughed soil is returned, the coverage of weeds and straws is tight, and the fertilizer is not exposed; leveling and loosening the ground surface; the cultivation width is not heavy and not exposed, the cultivation end is straight, and a triangular horn mouth is not left; the ground head lifting line is neat; the irrigation operation is carried out on the soil which is turned over in autumn, and the irrigation quantity per mu is more than 180m³So that the water content of the soil reaches about 35 to 42 percent.

Preferably, the precision seeding is ensured to ensure that 1 cotton seed is dibbled in each planting hole by a seeding machine.

Preferably, the seedling promoting and early-maturing regulator is sprayed by an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the spraying process is configured to include:

four upright columns are respectively arranged at four corners of soil, the tops of adjacent upright columns are connected through metal rods which are detachably arranged, the height of each upright column is about 2-2.5m, and at least one bearing column is arranged between the adjacent upright columns;

setting the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle so that the flying height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is matched with the height of the metal rod;

starting a button of the unmanned aerial vehicle by taking the upright column at any corner as a starting point, and then automatically recording the first position information by the unmanned aerial vehicle as the first position information;

carrying a displacement sensor matched with the metal rod on the unmanned aerial vehicle to acquire the distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal rod in real time and adjust the flight track of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the real-time distance;

a pressure sensor is arranged in a medicine barrel of the unmanned aerial vehicle, when the weight of the medicine barrel is lower than a preset value, the unmanned aerial vehicle sets the current point position as second position information and records the second position information, reads the first position information to return to the starting point for medicine adding operation, reads the second position information stored in the unmanned aerial vehicle after medicine adding, and then returns to the corresponding point position under the navigation of a GPS (global positioning system) to continue spraying operation;

and setting the stand column on the diagonal line of the starting point as a terminal point, and setting the two-dimensional code on the terminal point so as to determine that the unmanned aerial vehicle reaches the terminal point after reading the related two-dimensional code information, thereby completing one-time spraying operation, and controlling the spraying water amount to be 1-2.5 kg/mu.

Preferably, when 40-60% of bolls of the planted cotton are mature and boll-opening, the defoliating agent is sprayed;

spraying a ripener when 80-90% of cotton bolls are mature and boll-opening;

and under the condition that the bolls are mature and the boll opening is not less than 95%, a cotton picker is adopted for one-time harvesting.

Preferably, when 40-55% of bolls of the planted cotton are mature and boll opening, the first cotton picking operation is manually carried out, and then the second and third cotton picking operations are respectively carried out at intervals of 10-15 days;

spraying a defoliant and picking for multiple times when 70-75% of bolls of the planted cotton are mature and boll-opening;

spraying a ripener when 80-90% of cotton bolls are ripe and boll opening, and picking for the last time at intervals of 5-7 days;

and (4) processing the cotton seedlings by a harvester after the last picking is finished.

Preferably, the harvester is configured to include:

a plurality of coulters which are matched with the front end of the tractor to realize plowing;

a guide piece which is oppositely arranged above each coulter, and an opening part is arranged at one side matched with the knife tip of the guide piece;

at least one group of compression rollers which are oppositely arranged in the length output direction of the guide piece and are used for compacting the cotton balls;

the first conveying belt is arranged at the output end of the guide piece and used for outputting and processing the cotton balls;

a packing mechanism for compacting the cotton balls is arranged below the output end of the conveying belt;

the second conveying belt is vertically arranged with the first conveying belt in space, at least one press roller matched with the first conveying belt is arranged above the output end of the second conveying belt, and the rotating direction of the second conveying belt is opposite to the conveying direction of the second conveying belt;

the cutter component is arranged at a preset distance from the output end of the second conveying belt and used for cutting the cotton balls output by the second conveying belt;

the output end of the Z-shaped lifting type transmission mechanism is communicated with a hopper of the tractor;

the packaging mechanism is arranged on one side matched with the first transmission belt and the second transmission belt in a through mode, door bodies matched with the first hydraulic cylinders are arranged at two ends of the packaging mechanism respectively, and the top of the packaging mechanism is connected with an inverted U-shaped pressing plate connected with the second hydraulic cylinders for compaction treatment.

Preferably, the hopper is provided with a cover plate matched with the hopper, and the cover plate is further arranged on one side of the tractor through a matched lifting mechanism;

the output side of the lifting mechanism is provided with a telescopic multi-section discharging barrel on one side facing the hopper, the cover plate is provided with a through hole matched with the discharging barrel, and the free end of the discharging barrel penetrates through the through hole or is detachably connected with the through hole.

Preferably, the discharging barrel is connected with the cover plate and/or the output side of the lifting mechanism through matched elastic pipes respectively;

the elastic tube is configured to be any one of a corrugated metal tube and a corrugated rubber tube.

Preferably, the discharge cylinder is configured to be any one of a corrugated metal pipe and a corrugated rubber pipe.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: firstly, the invention combines the previous mepiquat chloride application experience, matches several different types of exogenous plant growth regulators, and applies the regulator in the cotton seedling stage to find a good formula which can inhibit the overground part growth of cotton seedlings and promote the root system to extend and develop, thereby achieving the effect of strengthening the seedlings and laying a good foundation for the high yield and high yield of cotton.

Secondly, the seedling early-maturing regulator can promote the plant height of cotton in the seedling stage and lay a foundation for mechanical cotton picking; the method has the advantages of increasing stem thickness, improving lodging resistance, increasing biomass accumulation, dry matter accumulation, root extension, main root depth, wide lateral root distribution, improving drought resistance, increasing root surface area, improving water and fertilizer absorption capacity, increasing chlorophyll content and improving photosynthesis.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structural layout of a harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a packaging mechanism according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

It is to be understood that in the description of the present invention, the terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are used in a broad sense, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and a communication between two elements.

According to the implementation form of the cotton planting method for promoting seedling and early hair, the method comprises the following steps: precision seeding is adopted and wide-narrow row configuration is carried out to ensure that the row spacing is 66-76 cm, the plant spacing is 9.6-11.5 cm, and the theoretical seedling protection plant number is 13800-16800 plants/mu, and the determination of the row spacing, the plant spacing and the seedling protection bead number ensures that the method can adapt to the planting in areas with larger wind sand, has better wind resistance, and therefore, has a cost increasing mode compared with the mu seedling protection number in the existing planting;

wherein, the first seedling early-maturing regulator is sprayed about 10 to 25 days after sowing, the period is limited to ensure that the rate of emergence reaches 60 to 70 percent, and the two operations of spraying the seedling early-maturing regulator are respectively carried out after every 10 to 15 days after the first spraying;

the raw materials of the seedling-promoting early-hair regulator are configured to comprise: 3-5g/667m2 of mepiquat chloride, 0.2-0.3g/667m2 of 6-benzylaminopurine, 3-5g/667m2 of sodium indole acetate, and the balance of water, wherein the concentration of the mepiquat chloride is controlled to be 99%, the concentration of the 6-benzylaminopurine is controlled to be more than or equal to 99%, and the concentration of the sodium indole acetate is controlled to be more than or equal to 97%. In the scheme, compared with the existing cotton planting method, the cotton planting method has the advantages that the cotton seedling height is promoted through the matched seedling early-growing regulator, and the mechanical cotton picking foundation is laid; the method has the advantages of increasing stem thickness, improving lodging resistance, increasing biomass accumulation, dry matter accumulation, root system extension, main root depth, wide lateral root distribution, improving drought resistance, increasing root system surface area, improving water and fertilizer absorption capacity, increasing chlorophyll content and improving photosynthesis, and compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the height of the planted beads is simply controlled in the bead planting growth period, and the essence is different.

In particular, in practical use, the preferable scheme is that the raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 3g/667m2 of 99% shrinkage amine, 0.2g/667m2 of not less than 99.0% 6-benzylaminopurine, 3g/667m2 of not less than 97% sodium indole acetate, and the balance of water, wherein the service time is as follows: after seedling emergence (emergence rate 60-70%), use times: 3 times (each time with an interval of about 10 days), mechanical: tractor, top spraying, water yield 20-40 kg/mu, unmanned aerial vehicle: the flying speed is 5-9m/s, the height is 2-2.5m, the width is 4-6m, the water amount is 1-2 kg/mu, and the situation that the rain cannot occur after 6 hours after the pesticide is applied is ensured, and the heavy spray is required if the rain occurs.

The following data of the preferred embodiment are taken as specific experimental parameters to fully illustrate the effects:

1. 2016 year test

1.1 materials and methods

1.1.1 basic conditions of the test

The tests were carried out in a greenhouse at a gardening pilot station of the university of Tarim. The annual precipitation amount of the area is 20-80 mm, the annual evaporation amount is 2000-2500 mm, the accumulated temperature is greater than or equal to 10 ℃ and is 3950-4500 ℃, the frost-free period is 180-215 d, and the wettability is less than 0.33, so that the irrigation area is pure irrigation agriculture. The soil is sandy loam and the fertility condition is moderate.

1.1.2 materials

The cotton variety to be tested is Ruizao I; the test reagent mepiquat chloride is produced by Xiaokang pesticide Limited liability company in Anyang city; the content of 6-benzylaminopurine is more than or equal to 99.0 percent, and the method is produced by Shanghai mountain Pupu chemical industry Limited company; the content of the sodium indoleacetate is more than or equal to 97 percent, which is produced by Shanghai mountain cattail chemical Co.

1.1.3 test methods

Preparing soil 2 months in 2016 (field soil: sieving, 15 barrels; perlite, 15 barrels; organic nitrogen as a matrix, 3 bags of 50 jin and 70 bags of thiophanate methyl; uniformly mixing the soil and the fertilizer, sterilizing, sealing the soil with a plastic film for about 1d, filling the soil into a hole tray (12 cm in height and 13cm in diameter) and sowing 3 cotton seeds in 2016, 2 months and 28 days, wherein each hole is uniformly treated and the irrigation amount is consistent. Emergence of seedlings in 8 days in 3 months, spraying the pesticide in 20 days in 3 months, sampling 10 days after pesticide application, and spraying and sampling respectively every 10 days later.

2016 test: a total of 14 treatments, three replicates per treatment, 42 cells, were performed using mepiquat chloride and clear water alone as controls as shown in table 1. Sampling is carried out 10d, 20d and 30d after the medicine application respectively, and 5 plants of the stem thickness, the fresh and heavy root length of the overground part and the root surface area are sampled in each cell.

TABLE 1-12016 years of Experimental treatment

1.2 spraying each formula for treatment in the seedling stage, wherein the agronomic characters of the cotton have different changes, and the plant height, the stem thickness, the dry matter on the overground part, the dry matter on the underground part, the root length and the root surface area of the cotton are comprehensively analyzed after the treatment in the first year. Formulations 2, 4, 5 are preferred and the

individual treatments

12, 15 are relatively preferred.

TABLE 1-30 days post treatment sampling results at 22016 years

2. Test in 2017

In 2016, the material and the method are the same as those in 2016, 2 formulas 2, 4 and 5 are better, and

single treatment

12 and 15 are relatively better. Besides, mepiquat chloride and clear water are set as reference. The test varieties are: middle cotton institute 65.

2.1.1 test site

Greenhouse of gardening experimental station of Tarim university.

2.1.2 test soil

The soil is 0cm-25cm from the surface of vegetable field in gardening experiment station of Tarim university, sieving to remove large particles, stones and other impurities, applying 3g carbendazim spray, sealing with film for 24h for sterilization, and loading into flowerpot (height 15cm, diameter 13 cm).

2.1.3 protocol

3 seeds are sowed in each pot with the depth of 1.5cm-2.0cm, the water irrigation of each pot is consistent, the flower pot is covered with a film, and the film covering is removed after the seedlings emerge. Spraying pesticide after 20d sowing, then sampling and spraying pesticide every 10d, and spraying pesticide and measuring for 3 times. During sampling, 5 plants are randomly taken from each group at each time, and the measurement is carried out at each time: plant height, stem thickness, etc.

TABLE 2-12017 years of Experimental treatment

2.2 discussion and analysis

The research shows that: the treatment 2, 4 and 5 are carried out on the foliage spraying in the seedling stage, so that the growth of the plant height of the cotton can be well promoted, the stem thickness is increased, the biomass of the cotton is increased, the number of lateral roots is increased, the surface area of root systems is increased, the seedlings are promoted to early grow, the seedlings are strengthened, and the absorption of the root systems to water and fertilizer is increased.

3. Test in 2018

The 2017 test is carried out. And comparing the results of the treatments 2, 4 and 5 to screen out an optimal formula.

3.1 materials tested the same method as 2017.

TABLE 3-12018 years of Experimental treatment

3.2 analysis

And (5) verifying the test result in 2017, and respectively determining indexes such as chlorophyll content, cotton plant height, stem thickness, biomass accumulation, root system and the like, wherein the treatment is optimal.

4. 2020 field test (Normal film)

4.1 description

And carrying out 2018 test results, and further performing field experiments to respectively manufacture film-covered cotton and film-free cotton.

4.1.1 test design tool

The agricultural knapsack multifunctional electric sprayer for green land has medicine chest capacity of 20L and flow rate of 1.2-1.8L/min.

4.1.2 environmental or facility cultivation conditions

In the test field, populus diversifolia forest in east region of Tarim university in Alarler city, agricultural Co, drip irrigation under film and cotton stubble before is selected. Soil texture: sandy loam, medium soil fertility; the growth of the crops is normal.

A sowing mode: precision seeding, one film with six rows and wide film: 2.05 m, width: 4.55 m, wide and narrow row configuration, row spacing: 66+10 cm, plant spacing: 11.5 cm, and the theoretical number of the seedling-protecting plants is 15800 plants/mu. Sowing date: 4, month and 17 days; head water time: 6, 8 days, test varieties: new land 51.

4.1.3 test design

The test field is selected from twelve-mass No. 2 Nebei Bidou No. 14 land with area of 144 mu and 5-17 fields in Aralar city of agricultural Engineers. Drip irrigation under the film, and one film is two tubes. The experiment was carried out using 5 treatments, namely 2, 4, 5, DPC and a clean water control, each treatment was repeated 3 times, each three-membrane repeat, and the length was 5 m. Emergence of seedlings in 1 day in 5 months, spraying treatment in 10 days in 5 months, sampling 10 days after spraying, and spraying and sampling every 10 days later.

TABLE 4-12020 years of Experimental treatment

4.2 analysis

4.2.1 agronomic traits

The research shows that: the field production experiment verifies that the indoor experiment is optimal in the aspects of promoting cotton plant height, stem thickness, biomass accumulation, dry matter accumulation and the like by comparing the mepiquat chloride treatment and the clear water treatment, and 5 is optimal.

TABLE 4-2 changes in agronomic traits in cotton under different treatments

4.2.2 root systems

The research shows that the field test further verifies the indoor test, and that the treatment is more amine-shrinkage treatment and the clear water treatment can obviously enhance the root length, the root surface area, the root diameter and the root volume of the cotton in the seedling stage. The process 5 is optimal in comparison.

TABLE 4-3 change of Cotton root systems over time under different treatments

The research shows that: the stem thickness promotion is sequentially D + S4, D + S3, D + S2 and D + S1 from low to high.

5. 2020 field test (No-film cotton test)

5.1 description

And the test result of 2018 is carried out, and the test design is the same as that of a 2020 normal film covering field test. Cotton 619 from the test variety.

5.2 analysis

5.2.1 plant height

TABLE 5-1 changes in agronomic traits in cotton under different treatments

5.2.2 root systems

TABLE 5-2 changes over time of cotton root systems under different treatments

Treatment of	Length(cm)	SurfArea(cm²)	AvgDiam(mm)	RootVolume(cm³)
					2	237.00	18.01	0.65	0.73
4	240.11	17.85	0.72	0.91
					5	246.89	18.48	0.62	0.94
DPC	233.06	17.77	0.67	0.63
					CK	229.50	12.97	0.48	0.89

To summarize: through four years of experiments, (three years of greenhouse experiments), one year of field experiments (including two field verification experiments), the results show that: spraying mepiquat chloride 3g/667m in seedling stage²+ 6-benzylaminopurine 0.2g/667m²⁺+ sodium indolylacetate 3g/667m²Can obviously increase the plant height, stem thickness, biomass accumulation, dry matter accumulation, root extension, root surface area increase, lateral root increase and chlorophyll content increase in the seedling stage of cotton.

In another example, a foster operation performed prior to seeding is also included, the foster configured to include:

turning over in autumn and irrigating in winter;

In the second step, on the basis of the first step, after applying 1500-year and 800-year decomposed livestock manure and plant residue mixture and cake fertilizer 800-year per mu, the soil turning operation is carried out, the tractor plough is used for ploughing the soil with the ploughing depth of 20-25cm, the ploughing depth is consistent, the ploughed soil slices are well turned, no ploughed soil is erected, no ploughed soil is returned, the coverage of weeds and straws is tight, and the fertilizer is not exposed; leveling and loosening the ground surface; the cultivation width is not heavy and not exposed, the cultivation end is straight, and a triangular horn mouth is not left; the ground head lifting line is neat; the irrigation operation is carried out on the soil which is turned over in autumn, and the irrigation quantity per mu is more than 180m³So that the water content of the soil reaches about 35 to 42 percent. In the scheme, soil is improved, so that the soil in a specific area is modified, planting and breeding combination is realized, and the soil performance tends to be more perfect.

the method comprises the following steps of firstly, improving the sterilized land by adopting an organic matter before sowing, wherein the effect of improving the soil of a local area such as a Tarim basin so as to enable the soil fertility to be released slowly to meet the growth requirement of cotton, and meanwhile, the water retention property is better, and the dust emission property in windy and sandy areas is controllable;

step two, sterilizing and drying the improved soil in the sun, wherein the operation is used for sterilizing germs, bacteria, worm eggs and the like generated by the crops in the last season in the improved soil, which can affect the germination and growth of cotton;

wherein in the step one, the soil improvement is to carry out irrigation operation on the harvested soil so as to lead the water content of the soil to reach about 35-42 percent, carry out land turning operation after applying 1500-fold and 800-fold decomposed livestock and poultry manure and plant residue mixture and cake fertilizer per mu for about 7-15 days, and adopt a mode of covering a transparent film or covering straws on the surface to cultivate the land, the function is to select the improved organic matters, reduce the use of the fertilizer as much as possible, prevent the influence of the residues in the soil on the soil performance, simultaneously further increase the possibility of fermenting and breeding microorganisms of the organic matters in the soil through the irrigation operation, isolate and heat absorb the heat to the soil through the covered transparent film so as to lead the reaction to be sufficient, and simultaneously kill partial harmful substances through the heat accumulation effect, the process is a soil improvement and soil cultivation process, so that the stability of the growth cycle is ensured;

in the second step, the operation of sterilizing and drying the soil is realized by spraying 30-40% of carbendazim wettable powder once in the improved soil and then airing for 2-3 days after the operation of turning over the soil, and the effect is that the improved soil is sterilized, so that bacteria bred in the early improvement period and bacteria in the planted soil are sterilized, so that the growth of cotton balls is not influenced on the premise of ensuring the fertility to be lasting.

In another example, the method ensures that 1 cotton seed is sown in each planting hole through a sowing machine during precision seeding and is used for controlling the seeding amount of fine sowing equipment, the reason is that corresponding seed soaking liquid can be adopted for seed soaking and magnetization treatment before sowing in order to ensure that the bead number per mu meets the requirement of seedling protection number in the scheme, the magnetization treatment is carried out for 30-35 s under the condition that the magnetic field strength is 500-700G and for 30s, the magnetization treatment is carried out for 15-20 s under the condition that the magnetic field strength is 1000-1200G and for 15s, the magnetization treatment is carried out for 25-45 s under the condition that the magnetic field strength is 700-750G, the cycle is adopted, the cycle is carried out for 2 times, and the cotton seeds are dried to the moisture content of 15-20 percent under the condition that the temperature is 28-32 ℃ after the magnetization treatment, thereby ensuring the seedling emergence effect.

In another example, the seedling promoting and early-maturing regulator is sprayed by an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the spraying process is configured to include:

four upright posts are respectively arranged at four corners of soil, the tops of the adjacent upright posts are connected through metal rods arranged in a detachable mode, the height of each upright post is about 2-2.5m, at least one bearing post is also arranged between the adjacent upright posts, in the structural layout, the metal rods are supported and limited through the upright posts, and meanwhile, a reference target is provided for the unmanned aerial vehicle through the metal rods, so that the flying track of the unmanned aerial vehicle is more accurately limited in the spraying process, and basically no influence is caused on people, the detachable metal rods are arranged, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle can be detached in the later planting process, the work of the harvester is basically not influenced, in order to meet the use requirement, a mounting seat can be buried on the ground, the upright posts and the bearing posts are connected and fixed through matched fixing screws, and the working shadow degree of the tractor in the later period is smaller, the function of the bearing column is in connection of large span, and the metal rod is better supported and limited;

the flight height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is set so that the flight height of the unmanned aerial vehicle is matched with the height of the metal rod, and the unmanned aerial vehicle has the effects that the unmanned aerial vehicle is matched with the height of the metal rod through the height constraint on the unmanned aerial vehicle, so that the metal rod can be better identified, and the constraint on the work of the unmanned aerial vehicle is stronger;

the method comprises the following steps that a stand column at any corner is taken as a starting point, after a button of an unmanned aerial vehicle is started, the unmanned aerial vehicle automatically records the starting point as first position information, in the process, the giving of the starting point is started after a person operates a related button, and after a controller of the unmanned aerial vehicle receives the button information, the current position information of the unmanned aerial vehicle is obtained, the position information is set as the starting point, meanwhile, linear flight is started to any adjacent point of the point, and meanwhile, spraying operation is started in the flight process;

carrying a displacement sensor (distance sensor) matched with the metal rod on the unmanned aerial vehicle to acquire the distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the metal rod in real time, adjusting the flight track of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to the real-time distance, sensing the position of the metal rod through the displacement sensor in the process, considering that the unmanned aerial vehicle flies to the final point position of the diameter when reaching a preset position, and horizontally flying the preset distance to the position of the terminal point of the unmanned aerial vehicle to perform the spraying operation on the next straight line position, so that the spraying path of the unmanned aerial vehicle is in a similar shape;

a pressure sensor is arranged in a medicine barrel of the unmanned aerial vehicle, when the weight of the medicine barrel is lower than a preset value, the unmanned aerial vehicle sets the current point position as second position information and records the second position information, the unmanned aerial vehicle reads the first position information to return to the starting point for medicine adding operation, and the second position information stored in the device is read after the medicine is added, and then the device returns to the corresponding point position under the navigation of the GPS to continue the spraying operation, in the process, the matched pressure sensor is arranged in the barrel, so that the dosage of the medicine can be acquired in real time, thereby realizing that the medicine adding operation can return to the starting point in real time in the state of no medicine, compared with the prior art that the spraying path is controlled by the handle, the intelligent performance of the work is remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the second position information is acquired, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle can conveniently return to the position at a fixed point in the later period to perform continuous pesticide spraying operation;

setting the upright post on the diagonal of the starting point as a terminal point, setting a two-dimensional code (which can also be a bar code and a signal for radio frequency scanning) on the upright post, wherein the working mode of the upright post is similar to the scanning operation of a parking lot or the radio frequency scanning form of goods in a box), and determining that the unmanned aerial vehicle reaches the terminal point after reading related two-dimensional code information The limitation of the working mode and the working process ensures that the spraying uniformity is better and the controllability of the spraying process is better compared with the existing spraying scheme, thereby being suitable for the liquid medicine spraying operation in large-area planting.

In another example of the use of a magnetic resonance imaging system,

spraying a defoliant when 40-60% of bolls of the planted cotton are mature and boll-opening;

spraying a ripener when 80-90% of cotton bolls are mature and boll-opening;

and under the condition that the bolls are mature and the boll opening is not less than 95%, a cotton picker is adopted for one-time harvesting. In the mode, the cotton bolls are subjected to defoliation treatment and ripening treatment during the relative maturity period, so that the maturity and the maturity period of the cotton bolls at the later stage are better controllable, and the product stability and maturity in the later stage of mechanical harvesting are further ensured.

In another example, when 40-55% of bolls of the planted cotton are mature and boll opening, the first cotton picking operation is manually carried out, and then the second and third cotton picking operations are respectively carried out at intervals of 10-15 days;

the cotton seedling is handled through the harvester after accomplishing last harvesting, adopt this kind of scheme, do not manual picking respectively to going on of different maturity periods, it mainly applies to under the higher occasion of cotton requiredness, handle the cotton leaf of different periods simultaneously, so that it makes things convenient for manual picking, simultaneously to the cotton boll in later stage accelerate ripe operation, its effect lies in compressing its ripe period, and then guarantee to pick the completeness, adopt the harvester to handle to the cotton seedling after picking in addition, its reason lies in that the toughness of cotton pearl is great, direct still field effect can receive the influence, the event needs to be collected it, so that the later stage is handled rotten ripe operation to it.

In another example, as shown in fig. 1-2, the harvester is configured to include a harvester-tractor combination, which is known in the art for agricultural machine combinations, and further not described, the harvester can be bolted to the tractor at other locations:

the coulters 1 are matched with the front end of the tractor to realize plowing and are used for plowing soil during working so as to facilitate separation of cotton balls from the soil;

the guide parts 2 are oppositely arranged above the coulters, one side of the guide parts 2 matched with the knife points is provided with an opening part 3, the guide parts are used for guiding the lower ends of the cotton balls through the opening part of the guide parts while plowing, so that the middle parts of the guide parts which are oppositely arranged are limited, and the cotton balls are conveyed backwards in the continuous forward process;

the at least one group of first compression rollers 4 are oppositely arranged in the length output direction of the guide piece and used for compacting the cotton balls, and the function of the at least one group of first compression rollers 4 is to flatten the upper ends of the cotton balls entering the guide piece, so that cotton branches are basically prevented from falling off in the compacting process because the cotton balls are not completely dried in the time period;

the first conveying belt 5 is arranged at the output end of the guide piece and is used for outputting the cotton balls, and the conveying direction of the first conveying belt is spatially vertical to the output direction of the guide piece so as to directionally conduct the cotton balls compacted and output by the guide piece;

a packing mechanism 6 for compacting the cotton balls is arranged below the output end of the conveying belt, is used for compacting the cotton balls which are conveyed to form a bundle shape, and is similar to component packing of the cotton balls so as to facilitate post-processing;

the second conveying belt 7 is vertically arranged in space with the first conveying belt and is used for directionally conveying the cotton balls in a bundle so as to crush the cotton balls, at least one second pressing roller 8 is arranged above the output end of the second conveying belt, the rotating direction of the second pressing roller is opposite to the conveying direction of the second conveying belt, the second pressing roller presses the longitudinally output cotton balls through the operation of the pressing roller, and meanwhile, the conveying speed of the second pressing roller is controlled through reflection rotation, so that the second conveying belt is conveniently crushed by a cutter assembly at the later stage;

the cutter assembly 9 is arranged at a preset distance from the output end of the second conveying belt and used for cutting cotton balls output by the second conveying belt, the cotton balls in bundles are crushed through the cutting treatment of the cutter assembly so as to facilitate the later-stage decomposition operation, and the telescopic assembly 10, the mounting plate 11 and the guide groove 12 which are matched with each other can be arranged according to needs, so that the cutter assembly can perform the cutting operation in the returning process, and the cutting effect is better;

the special-shaped lifting type conveying mechanism 13 arranged below the cutter component can be seen as a Z shape in space, the output end of the special-shaped lifting type conveying mechanism is communicated with a hopper of a tractor, and the crushed materials are conveyed through the structural layout of the conveying mechanism so as to smoothly enter the hopper of the tractor for secondary treatment;

wherein, the packaging mechanism is arranged in a through shape at one side matched with the first transmission belt and the second transmission belt, two ends of the packaging mechanism are respectively provided with a door body 14 matched with the first hydraulic cylinder, two ends of the packaging mechanism are respectively provided with a door body used for limiting the input and output periods of cotton balls, if the cotton balls are input, the door body at the rear end is closed to ensure that the quantity of the cotton balls transmitted and compacted reaches the requirement, and in the preset time, the machine considers that the quantity of the cotton balls reaches the requirement, so that the quantitative cotton balls are compacted through the pressing plate, and the door body at the front end is closed during compaction to form a closed space inside the packaging mechanism, the top of the packaging mechanism is connected with an inverted U-shaped pressing plate 15 connected with the second hydraulic cylinder for compacting, when the closed space is formed inside the packaging mechanism, the pressing plate is enabled to downwards compact the cotton balls through the action of the second hydraulic cylinder, in order to ensure that the cotton balls are matched with compaction effects of different quantities, a movable pressing sheet 16 can be further nested in the U-shaped pressing plate, so that in the pressing process, when the U-shaped pressing plate reaches a position to be abutted tightly, the pressing sheet continues to move downwards to supplement and press the cotton balls, supplement the compaction effects of the cotton balls, and can be matched with compaction scenes of different quantities.

In another example, the hopper is provided with a cover plate (not shown) matched with the hopper, the cover plate is further arranged on one side of the tractor through a matched lifting mechanism and is used for sealing the hopper on the tractor through the cover plate so as to prevent the hopper from flying dust and flying due to over fine broken cotton ball materials in the using process and ensure the stability of the environment and the materials;

the output side of the lifting mechanism is provided with a telescopic multi-section discharging barrel (not shown) on one side facing the hopper, the cover plate is provided with a through hole matched with the discharging barrel, the free end of the discharging barrel passes through the through hole or is detachably connected with the through hole, in the structure, the multi-section discharging barrel is matched with the upper part and the lower part of the cover plate in a descending way, in use, the materials in the hopper are compacted by the descending way of the cover plate at times, in the using process, quantitative auxiliary rotten material liquid or water can be sprayed after each compaction, the liquid tanks can be arranged on two sides of the hopper or on one side of the hopper, the output pipe of the liquid tanks is arranged behind the hopper, further, the materials are not influenced too much, the filled materials can be flushed out in the water spraying process, the influence is not great, and the cotton materials are replenished, so that the later decomposing period can be obviously shortened.

In another example, the tap cylinder is connected to the output side of the cover plate and/or the lift mechanism, respectively, by cooperating flexible tubes (not shown);

the elastic tube is configured to be any one of a corrugated metal tube and a corrugated rubber tube, in the structure, the two ends of the discharge barrel are provided with matched telescopic tubes, so that the mechanical damage degree of the mechanical connection structure in the discharge barrel and the cover plate motion process can be obviously reduced, the supporting stability of the equipment is further ensured, the two ends of the elastic tube are provided with the telescopic structures, or one end of the elastic tube is provided with the telescopic structures, the elastic tube is used for ensuring the stability of the discharge barrel when the cover plate moves up and down, the operation reliability is better, and the detachable connection is convenient for the later-stage detachment and maintenance.

In another example, the discharging cylinder is configured to adopt any one of a corrugated metal pipe and a corrugated rubber pipe, and in the structure, the discharging cylinder is directly arranged into a telescopic structure, so that the influence of the upward and downward movement of the cover plate on the mechanical structure is reduced, and the stability of the connection is not influenced.

The above scheme is merely illustrative of a preferred example, and is not limiting. When the invention is implemented, appropriate replacement and/or modification can be carried out according to the requirements of users.

The number of apparatuses and the scale of the process described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the invention not be limited to the exact details and illustrations described and illustrated herein, but fall within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A cotton planting method for promoting early seedling emergence is characterized in that precision seeding is adopted and wide-narrow row allocation is carried out to ensure that the row spacing is 66-76 cm, the plant spacing is 9.6-11.5 cm, and the theoretical number of the seedlings is 13800-16800 plants/mu;

2. The seedling-promoting early-hair cotton planting method of claim 1, further comprising a soil-raising operation performed before sowing, the soil-raising configured to include:

turning over in autumn and irrigating in winter;

3. The method for promoting seedling and early-growing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the precision seeding is ensured by a seeding machine to ensure that 1 cotton seed is dibbled in each planting hole.

4. The cotton planting method for promoting seedling and early hair as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling and early hair promoting regulator is sprayed by an unmanned aerial vehicle, and the spraying process is configured to include:

5. The method for planting cotton with seedling promotion and seedling strengthening functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when 40-60% of bolls of the planted cotton are mature and boll opening, defoliating agent is sprayed;

spraying a ripener when 80-90% of cotton bolls are mature and boll-opening;

6. The method for planting cotton with seedling promotion and seedling strengthening functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein when 40-55% of bolls of the planted cotton are mature and boll opening, the first cotton picking operation is manually performed, and then the second and third cotton picking operations are performed at intervals of 10-15 days;

7. The seedling-promoting early-emergence cotton planting method of claim 6, wherein the harvester is configured to comprise:

8. The cotton planting method for promoting seedling and early hair growth as claimed in claim 7, wherein the hopper is provided with a cover plate matched with the hopper, and the cover plate is further installed on one side of a tractor through a matched lifting mechanism;

9. The cotton planting method for promoting seedling and early hair growth as claimed in claim 9, wherein the discharging barrel and the output side of the cover plate and/or the lifting mechanism are respectively connected through matched elastic pipes;

10. The seedling and early-hair promotion cotton planting method according to claim 9, wherein the discharging barrel is configured to adopt any one of a corrugated metal pipe and a corrugated rubber pipe.