CN112203848A - 层压过滤结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了一种层压结构,其包括两个玻璃片材(9,10),其一个是外玻璃片材和一个是内玻璃片材,它们之间通过由至少一个塑料层组成的中间层(11)进行粘合,所述第一外片材限定了所述结构的外表面(12)和所述第二玻璃片材限定了所述结构的内表面(13),所述结构特征在于它在两个玻璃片材之间还包括百叶窗膜(1),所述膜(1)选择性过滤在所述结构的外表面的至少一部分上的朝向内表面的入射光线,所述膜具有相对于所述结构的外表面(12)的法线(14)为15°至75°的百叶窗角α。
Description
本发明涉及一种层压结构,特别是挡风玻璃,其具有选择性地和方向性地过滤穿过它的一部分光辐射,特别地太阳辐射的能力。
目前,汽车挡风玻璃是由层压结构获得的,即由复合结构获得的,在该复合结构中,两个玻璃片材通过塑料材料制成的中间层彼此紧密结合在一起,中间层通常由一个或多个聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)薄膜组成。
此外,在最近的车辆中,已经可以观察到使围绕车辆乘客舱的玻璃部分最大化,以为其乘员具有360°全景视野的趋势。
此外,考虑到这种观点,已经开发了新型挡风玻璃,其面积比传统的挡风玻璃大得多,特别是由于窗玻璃的延伸以覆盖车辆的一部分车顶。因此,当前,挡风玻璃在其顶部中延伸到驾驶员的头部上方或甚至超过驾驶员的头部是常见的。
尽管这样的构造允许有效地确保了确保光照水平和从车辆内部的最大的车辆环境视野,但是,这带来了使驾驶员遭受眩光的问题,特别是在强烈日照下。
特别地,当太阳在其天顶或天顶附近并在驾驶员面前时,直接进入他的眼睛的强烈辐射意味着使驾驶员强烈不适。为了减轻这个问题,最经常地提供能覆盖挡风玻璃的顶部的可滑动或折叠面板。但是,当该面板处于遮光位置时,玻璃的“透明”部分变得更小,并且在乘客舱内部的光线水平降低,尤其对于坐在车辆后排位置上的乘客而言。
此外,使用上述类型的大尺寸的挡风玻璃导致来自仪表板的光的反射增加。
因此,目前对于这种玻璃区域,需要一种解决方案,该解决方案允许在强日照下限制驾驶员所受到的眩光,同时在乘客舱的其余部分中,特别是在车辆的后部保持高亮度水平,并且特别地乘客对前方外界的良好可见性。
本发明的目的是提出这样的解决方案。
更准确地说,本发明首先涉及一种层压结构,该层压结构包括两个玻璃片材,其一个是外玻璃片材和一个是内玻璃片材,该两个玻璃片材通过由至少一个塑料材料层组成的中间层彼此粘结在一起,所述第一外片材定义了所述结构的外表面和所述第二玻璃片材定义所述结构的内表面,所述结构特征在于它还包括在两个玻璃片材之间的百叶窗膜(feuillet à claire-voie),该百叶窗膜选择性地过滤入射到所述结构的外表面的至少一部分上的光线,所述膜具有相对于所述结构的外表面的法线为15°至75°的百叶窗角α(angle de claire-voie)。
根据本发明,百叶窗膜包括并优选地由一系列入射光的透射条带和吸收条带组成。根据本发明,条带优选地与膜的长度(其对应于层压结构的水平宽度)平行地交替。
优选地,条带从膜(并且优选地层压结构)的一个边缘到另一边缘是连续的。同样优选地,它们从所述膜的外表面延伸直至所述膜的内表面。
根据本发明的膜有利地允许入射到所述结构的外表面的至少一部分上的光线被选择性地朝着内表面过滤。
根据本发明的优选实施方案,在适当的情况下可以将它们彼此组合:
-该膜具有相对于所述结构的外表面的法线在25°至65°之间,更优选地在30°至60°之间的百叶窗角α。
-百叶窗膜被封装在形成中间层的塑料材料中。
-百叶窗膜构成中间层的全部或一部分。
-百叶窗膜具有0.1mm至0.5mm的厚度。
-构成吸收区域的材料包含炭黑颗粒。
-在两个连续的透射区域之间的步距在3至200微米之间,更优选地在5至100微米之间,甚至在10至80微米之间,并且非常优选地在20至60微米之间。
-所述的透射区域和吸收区域是彼此基本平行设置的并沿着相对于所述结构的外表面的法线为15°至75°,优选地25至65°,甚至30°至60°的百叶窗角α定向的条带。
-吸收条带的厚度为1至70微米,优选3至40微米,更优选5至20微米。
-透射条带的厚度为2-130微米,优选为7-80微米,更优选为10-30微米。
-透射条带的厚度大于吸收条带的厚度,优选地为大于或等于1.5倍。
-在两个透射条带之间的步距为膜厚度的0.5倍至5倍。
本发明最特别地涉及一种由如上所述的层压结构组成或包括如上所述的层压结构的挡风玻璃。根据这样的实施方案,百叶窗膜可以仅存在于所述结构的顶部三分之一中,甚至仅存在于所述结构的顶部四分之一中。
根据另一个实施方案,本发明涉及一种屋顶窗,特别地用于建筑物或住宅的屋顶窗,其由如上所述的层压结构组成或包括如上所述的层压结构。
根据一个替代实施方案,本发明涉及一种天窗和/或全景天窗,其包括如上所述的层压结构。在这样的实施方案中,百叶窗角可以小于15°,例如小于10°或者甚至小于5°,甚至基本上为零。
下面参考附图描述本发明的一个非限制性实施方案,理解的是,在其中描述的不同方面都不能被认为是对本发明的限制。
图1示出了百叶窗膜的示意图,该百叶窗膜选择性地过滤入射光线,即入射的阳光,使得它可以用于根据本发明的结构中。
图2允许使根据本发明的层压结构的使用直观化,这里以层压挡风玻璃的形式使用,该层压挡风玻璃结合了如图1所示的百叶窗膜。
图3更详细示出了图2的层压挡风玻璃的结构的横截面,并且特别示出了这种结构的操作和优点。
在图1中示出了百叶窗膜(根据在技术中通常使用的英文术语为“louver film”)的典型结构,其技术和所使用的材料是熟知的,例如,从公开物US8,503,122,US8,213,082,US5,254,388,EP0563241,WO2007/118122,EP1501696,或者甚至US6,924,912熟知。这些结构例如被用作为用于计算机屏幕的隐私过滤器(cache écran),使得只有基本位于面向屏幕的人才能看到在其上的信息。
在这种膜的一个示例性实施方式中,入射辐射(太阳的辐射)的吸收剂区域或条带2与对于该相同辐射的透射区域或条带3(即其让入射光通过)交替。这些区域呈条带形式。在本发明的意义上,特别地,“条带”是指在其整个宽度和整个长度上具有基本恒定的厚度的结构。
优选地,根据本发明,在其中存在条带的层压结构的区域中,根据本发明的条带在整个厚度上延伸,并且更优选地在它被包括在其中的百叶窗膜的整个长度上延伸。例如,并且不能认为是对本发明限制性的,透射区域或条带3可以由与前面的塑料相同或不同的第二塑料材料构成,并且还包括炭黑或任何吸收部分或完全可见光的材料。
根据本发明,吸收条带2和透射条带3交替,具有以相对于百叶窗膜(因此包含它的层压结构)的外表面的法线14为15°至80°,优选地25°至65°的百叶窗角α,其原因将在下面参考图2和图3进行说明。
根据本发明,吸收条带和透射条带的厚度是恒定的,并且它们的间隔是规则的。倾斜度与在两个区域之间的间隔相结合还允许根据与对于百叶窗的狭缝所获得的过滤和操作模式相似的过滤和操作模式来调节对于入射光的开口角θ(根据英文术语“cut-offangle”)。
在图2中示出了根据本发明的层压结构的一种可能的并有利的用途,在这里为层压挡风玻璃4的形式,该层压挡风玻璃4包括百叶窗膜1,该百叶窗膜1进行构造以在其上部5中选择一部分入射光辐射。例如,百叶窗膜仅存在于所述结构的顶部三分之一中,甚至仅存在于所述结构的顶部四分之一中。“顶部三分之一”或“顶部四分之一”是指挡风玻璃的一部分,其面积占挡风玻璃总面积的三分之一或四分之一,从挡风玻璃(例如定位在车辆中)的上边缘开始并沿着纵向。
如前面关于本发明所基于的技术问题所指出的,挡风玻璃4进行构造以选择入射光辐射的一部分,以便一方面避免驾驶员的过强光照,而另一方面保持在乘客舱内部较高的亮度水平,尤其对于坐在汽车后部的乘客。在所有附图中,相同的附图标记用于表示相同或相同性质的元件。
如在图2中所示,插入到挡风玻璃4的上部5中的百叶窗膜1允许入射到挡风玻璃上的太阳光被选择性地过滤。在该上部,窗玻璃与地面成钝角 γ,例如介于15°至40°之间,甚至更小的角度。为了简单起见,图2和3中显示了该平坦表面,但当然也可能的是,甚至频繁的是,该表面5在其整体上如同挡风玻璃4是弯曲的。
根据一个与本发明的实施有关的优点,仅沿着确定的入射角到达的光线穿过挡风玻璃。因此,可以根据吸收区和透射区(特别地条带形式)的给定结构,定义开口角θ并调节其中心轴线15(如图2和图3所示),以特定地选择朝向乘客舱的位置,特别地朝向后排乘客的辐射,同时避免驾驶员过强的日照。
在图3中更详细地示出了本发明的实施及其优点,在图3中更详细地示出了根据本发明的层压结构4的上部5的示例及其对三束光线的作用,具有相对于地面的基本上垂直入射角(由箭头6表示),基本水平入射角(由箭头8表示)和倾斜入射角(由箭头7表示)。
在图3上描述的挡风玻璃具有这种结构的常规层压结构4:两个玻璃片材,一个内玻璃片材10和另一个外玻璃片材9,它们通过通常由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)制成的中间层11粘合在一起。在挡风玻璃的上部5中,更具体地在车辆中驾驶员直接上方的挡风玻璃部分中,设置如前面关于图1所描述的百叶窗膜。在该区域中,挡风玻璃具有与水平方向成可以在25至40°之间变化的角度。百叶窗膜1被构造以使得基本上垂直的射线6和基本上水平的射线8被挡风玻璃的吸收区域2完全或部分吸收,而以倾斜入射的方式到达挡风玻璃的射线7基本上穿过它朝向挡风玻璃部分的内表面13和乘客舱的后部而不会被吸收。因此,获得了对于车辆驾驶员而言遮挡性或部分遮挡性的膜,特别是当太阳位于挡风玻璃正上方时,同时在车辆的乘客舱中保持高的光照水平。
例如,通过调节在吸收区域和透射区域之间的各自的厚度和间隔,可以非常容易地调节开口角θ(angle de cut-off)。根据本发明,可以将角θ调节至20°至50°之间的值,以便获得足够宽的范围,这允许对乘客舱进行非常强烈的照明,无论在车辆上方的太阳位置为如何。在该窗玻璃的顶部(其中设置有百叶窗膜)中,在挡风玻璃与水平面之间的角度γ通常在15°至40°之间。
通常调节百叶窗角α的值以使指向乘客舱后部的最大部分光线通过,并至少部分地,甚至完全或几乎完全阻止直接来自太阳光的太阳辐射,当太阳接近其最大高度(即,正好在车辆上方)并指向驾驶员(即基本沿着与垂直光线6)时。
根据本发明,挡风玻璃在结合百叶窗膜的区域中当然可以具有曲率。最前面描述的原理当然与前述原理相同。
根据本发明的另一个在附图中未示出的实施方案,该百叶窗膜可以形成存在于层压结构的两个构成玻璃片材之间的全部或一部分中间层。
刚刚参考一个实施方案描述了本发明,在该实施方案中,层压结构是机动车辆挡风玻璃。当然也可以在其他应用中使用在后面权利要求中描述的层压结构,特别地作为屋顶窗。这样的屋顶窗相对于水平面以一定角度定位在屋顶上,以便基本遵循屋顶的平面。同样在这种情况下,使用百叶窗膜具有与上述相同的优点,为简洁起见,在此不再重复这些优点。
Claims (16)
1.一种层压结构,其包括两个玻璃片材(9,10),其一个是外玻璃片材和一个是内玻璃片材,它们之间通过由至少一个塑料层组成的中间层(11)进行粘合,所述第一外片材限定了所述结构的外表面(12)和所述第二玻璃片材限定了所述结构的内表面(13),所述结构特征在于它在两个玻璃片材之间还包括百叶窗膜(1),所述膜(1)具有相对于所述结构的外表面(12)的法线(14)为15°至75°的百叶窗角α,该百叶窗膜包括彼此平行设置的入射光(6,7,8)的透射条带(3)和吸收条带(2)的交替。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层压结构,其中所述膜具有相对于所述结构的外表面的法线(14)为25°至65°的百叶窗角α。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压结构,其中所述百叶窗膜(1)被封装在形成所述中间层(11)的塑料中。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的层压结构,其中所述百叶窗膜(1)构成所述中间层(11)的全部或一部分。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压结构,其中所述百叶窗膜具有0.1mm至0.5mm的厚度。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压结构,其中所述百叶窗膜由从所述结构的外表面(12)朝向内表面(13)的入射光(6,7,8)的透射条带(3)和吸收条带(2)的交替组成。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压结构,其中在两个连续的透射区域之间的步距在3至200微米之间。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压结构,其中构成所述吸收条带的材料包含炭黑颗粒。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压结构,其中所述透射条带和吸收条带基本彼此平行地进行设置,并且沿着相对于所述结构的外表面的法线(14)75°至75°的百叶窗角α定向。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压结构,其中所述吸收条带的厚度为1至70微米。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压结构,其中所述吸收条带的厚度为2-130微米。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压结构,其中所述透射条带的厚度大于所述吸收条带的厚度,优选地为大于或等于1.5倍。
13.一种挡风玻璃(4),其包括根据前述权利要求之一所述的层压结构或由其构成。
14.根据前一项权利要求所述的挡风玻璃(4),其中所述百叶窗膜仅存在于所述结构的顶部三分之一中,甚至仅存在于所述结构的顶部四分之一中。
15.一种屋顶窗,特别地用于建筑物或住宅的屋顶窗,其包括根据权利要求1至12之一所述的层压结构组成或由其构成。
16.一种天窗和/或全景天窗,其包括根据权利要求1至12之一所述的层压结构。
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PCT/FR2019/051283 WO2019229395A1 (fr) | 2018-05-31 | 2019-05-29 | Structure feuilletee filtrante |
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- 2019-05-29 EP EP19737184.2A patent/EP3802119A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-05-29 CN CN201980036165.5A patent/CN112203848A/zh active Pending
- 2019-05-29 WO PCT/FR2019/051283 patent/WO2019229395A1/fr unknown
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US3524789A (en) * | 1967-08-15 | 1970-08-18 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Louvered transparent sheeting made by skiving |
US3922440A (en) * | 1974-08-16 | 1975-11-25 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Safety glass light control medium |
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JP2004341272A (ja) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-12-02 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 角度選択透過性反射材、及びそれを用いた車両用積層ガラス,車両 |
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US20210187911A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
WO2019229395A1 (fr) | 2019-12-05 |
FR3081769A1 (fr) | 2019-12-06 |
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