CN112159279A - Method and device for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms - Google Patents
Method and device for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms Download PDFInfo
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- CN112159279A CN112159279A CN202011098031.7A CN202011098031A CN112159279A CN 112159279 A CN112159279 A CN 112159279A CN 202011098031 A CN202011098031 A CN 202011098031A CN 112159279 A CN112159279 A CN 112159279A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
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- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
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- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/986—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being liquid
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1: proportionally putting the microbial strains on the composite compost and uniformly mixing to obtain a reactor fertilizer; s2: uniformly paving the reactor compost in a composting reaction device, and uniformly spraying the uniformly stirred livestock and poultry manure on each layer of the paved reactor compost; s3: recovering the redundant liquid in the step S2, and blending to obtain a spraying agent for later use; s4: then adjusting the compost fermentation temperature, and adjusting the spraying application time of the spraying agent according to the temperature; s5: controlling the air pressure in the composting reaction device during the stacking fermentation period, and performing stacking fermentation for 3-7d to obtain the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer after the microbial composting fermentation treatment; the device mainly comprises a reaction barrel body, a feces reaction platform and a storage bin. The livestock and poultry manure fertilizer prepared by the method has high utilization effect of livestock and poultry manure and good use effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure treatment, in particular to a method and a device for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms.
Background
With the rapid development of cattle raising industry, the pollution of excrement becomes a big problem, and according to related data, the pollution of the excrement to the environment exceeds the total amount of industrial pollution in some places, and even reaches more than 2 times, the excrement generated by one cow is more than 7 tons every year, and the excrement generated by one cow is between 5 and 6 tons.
Because the general attention on the treatment of the cow dung is not enough in various places, and some places where the cow raising is concentrated basically have no cow dung treatment facilities. Therefore, cow dung is randomly piled and randomly placed, especially in the south, and when the odor rushes up in summer, the bad influence is caused on the normal life of peripheral residents, and meanwhile, the cow dung is also the source of breeding and breeding of various bacterial pathogens and has serious influence on breeding groups. In addition, the raw cow dung generates heat on the ground, consumes oxygen in the soil, causes burn roots and seedlings, and also plays a role in spreading parasite eggs and pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the method is very important for treating the cow dung.
Meanwhile, cow dung has a plurality of purposes, and is generally used as a base fertilizer for crops after being directly fermented, so that the cow dung can be changed into a fertilizer and processed into an organic fertilizer, and higher benefit is obtained, however, the composting fermentation treatment efficiency of the traditional livestock and poultry dung still has some defects, for example, under the control of the water content of the livestock and poultry dung, the generated by-products can not be reasonably utilized to cause the output of secondary wastes, or the traditional device for composting fermentation still has a plurality of inconveniences in use, and the livestock and poultry dung treatment and fertilizer preparation process still needs to be improved to a certain extent, so that the fertility of the prepared livestock and poultry dung fertilizer is enhanced, and the use effect of the livestock and poultry fertilizer is improved; therefore, there is a need for a new livestock and poultry manure treatment process and device to optimally solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method and a device for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting microbial strains, putting the microbial strains on the composite compost according to the proportion of 1-3% of the total weight of the composite compost, uniformly mixing, and spraying a certain amount of deionized water to enable the water mass content of the composite compost to be 20-25%, so as to obtain a reactor fertilizer;
s2: uniformly paving the reactor compost in a composting reaction device, enabling the thickness of each layer of the reactor compost to be not more than 30-50 cm, uniformly spraying the uniformly stirred livestock and poultry manure on each layer of the paved reactor compost, and adjusting the water content to be 40-60% after fully turning and throwing;
s3: recycling the redundant liquid in the step S2, adding a compound preparation accounting for 5-8% of the total mass of the compound preparation, and uniformly stirring to obtain a spraying agent for later use;
s4: then adjusting the compost fermentation temperature to 55-65 ℃, and adjusting the spraying application time of a spraying agent for 15s (increasing the spraying application time for 3s every 5 ℃) according to the temperature, wherein the spraying period of the spraying agent is 1-1.5 d;
s5: and controlling the air pressure in the composting reaction device to be stabilized at 80-120 KPa during the stacking fermentation period, and performing stacking fermentation for 3-7d to obtain the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer after microbial composting fermentation treatment.
The livestock and poultry manure treatment method can effectively treat the livestock and poultry manure and convert the livestock and poultry manure into the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer, so that the livestock and poultry manure is effectively solved, meanwhile, the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer prepared by the treatment is directly applied relative to the livestock and poultry manure, the fertility is high, the smell is low, and the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer prepared by the treatment method has high utilization effect and good use effect on the livestock and poultry manure.
Further, the composite stacking material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of peanut shells, 5-10 parts of tobacco scraps and 3-15 parts of bark fibers. The composite compost formed by the matching can provide a better culture environment for microbial strains, and meanwhile, the matched composite compost can meet the loading requirement of a composting reaction device and can be effectively matched with the composting reaction device to produce livestock and poultry manure and unload materials.
Further, the compound preparation is prepared from diatom ooze, iron dichloride and sodium metabisulfite according to a mass ratio of 7: 2: 3, and mixing. The compound preparation prepared by the proportion is compounded with the redundant liquid in the step S2, and the periodic spraying can effectively utilize the residual liquid of the livestock and poultry manure, promote the composting fermentation reaction of the livestock and poultry manure and improve the fertility of the prepared livestock and poultry manure fertilizer.
Further, the microorganism strain is specifically an initial strain extracted from leaf mold, soil and the like, and then enrichment culture of a conventional strain is carried out to obtain the microorganism strain. The microbial strain has low acquisition difficulty, expected use effect and low cost, and is suitable for treating large-batch livestock and poultry manure.
Further, the livestock and poultry manure is specifically cow manure, and the weight ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the composite compost is 1: (2-5). The livestock and poultry manure and the composite compost in the proportion are mixed, so that the condition that microbial strains added with the amount are fermented can be effectively met, and meanwhile, efficient compost fermentation reaction is carried out under the cooperation of a compost reaction device, and the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer with excellent fertility is prepared.
An apparatus for a method for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms, the composting apparatus comprising:
the reaction barrel body is used for containing and carrying all components and is isolated from the outside, a gas collecting ring is circumferentially arranged above the reaction barrel body, and the gas collecting ring is communicated with an external gas storage barrel through a pipeline;
a fecal sewage reaction platform for fermentation composting reaction comprises a central column and a plurality of conical screen plates, the upper end of the central column is fixedly connected with the upper part of the inner wall of a reaction barrel body through a plurality of detachable connecting rods, a plurality of annular rotating motors are arranged on the central column at equal intervals, each annular rotating motor is detachably clamped with one conical screen plate, a group of annular spraying nets are arranged above the conical screen plates between every two adjacent conical screen plates, the annular spraying nets are circumferentially clamped and fixed with the deep holes of the central column through a plurality of sliding clamping pins, a rotating wheel for controlling liquid outlet is arranged in the hollow part inside the central column and at the position corresponding to each annular spraying net, a plurality of liquid outlet openings are circumferentially arranged on the central column corresponding to the positions of the rotating wheels, and the liquid outlet openings are detachably butted with hoses arranged on the inner ring wall of the annular spraying nets, each rotating wheel is connected through a through connecting rod, the upper end of each connecting rod is connected with a driving motor arranged in the central column to control the connecting rods and the rotating wheels to rotate, a liquid bin for containing a spraying agent is arranged at the position, corresponding to the position of the central column, of the top surface outside the reaction barrel body, and the liquid bin is communicated with the upper end of the central column through a booster pump and a pipeline;
the storage bin is used for storing fermented excrement, a connecting column is arranged at the center of the storage bin, the upper end of the connecting column is rotatably and detachably connected with the lower end of a central column, an arc-shaped edge which is turned outwards is arranged at the edge of the upper end of the storage bin, an annular door assembly which is opened and closed in a rotating mode is arranged at the upper end of the central column, a groove which is used for matching and connecting is formed in the position, corresponding to the annular door assembly, of the inner wall of the storage bin, a transmission assembly which is used for controlling the annular door assembly to be opened and closed is arranged at the center of the lower bottom surface of the storage bin;
a guard plate for striking off and gather fermentation back excrement and urine, the through-hole that is used for the storage silo to pass through that guard plate and reaction barrel body bottom surface set up is connected rather than sliding seal, and guard plate lower extreme edge is equipped with the second handle that is used for carrying and draws, and bottom surface circumference is equipped with the multiunit arc deflector that is used for guard plate sliding guide under the reaction barrel body that corresponds the department with guard plate outside position.
Adopt above-mentioned compost reaction unit to pass through the structural design of the dirty reaction platform of excrement, the toper otter board that utilizes the multilayer design carries on the compound windrow of multilayer, thereby the efficiency of effectual improvement compost fermentation reaction and the result of use of the dirty fertilizer of beasts and birds 'excrement that prepares, utilize the dirty reaction platform of excrement and birds and the reaction tank body simultaneously, the cooperation of components such as storage silo, can be after making fertile automatic discharge and simply take out the dirty fertilizer of beasts and birds' excrement that prepares fast, and the operation is thus simple, high durability and convenient use, optimize traditional compost system fertile mode when can improving compost system fertile efficiency, and the operation of operating personnel is simplified.
Furthermore, the annular door assembly specifically comprises a telescopic ring piece and a plurality of threaded telescopic pieces for pushing the telescopic ring piece to expand and contract outwards, each threaded telescopic piece is composed of a plurality of sections of threaded pipes sleeved layer by layer, a rotating sheet rod arranged at the far end of each threaded telescopic piece is fixedly connected with the threaded pipe at the farthest end, the rotating sheet rod sequentially penetrates through holes reserved in the centers of the sections of threaded pipes through telescopic rods and penetrates through the outer wall of a connecting column to be connected with a driven bevel gear arranged in the connecting column, and high-strength flexible materials such as commercially available waterproof fabrics, plastics and the like are arranged between the telescopic ring piece and the connecting column;
the transmission assembly comprises a control rod, a driving bevel gear and a rotating button, the driving bevel gear is arranged below each driven bevel gear inside the connecting column and is used for being in meshing transmission with each driven bevel gear, one end of the control rod is connected with the driving bevel gear, and the other end of the control rod penetrates through the storage bin and is connected with the rotating button arranged outside the storage bin. Through the structural design of above-mentioned annular door subassembly and drive assembly, can effectual cooperation storage silo get the operation of putting, make it possess and open and shut through drive assembly control to satisfy and open and hold the dirty fertilizer of beasts and birds excrement at the reaction barrel internal, take out its closure when taking.
Furthermore, the gas collecting ring is internally filled with a drying agent, and a suction pump is arranged at the position of a pipeline externally connected with the gas collecting ring and communicated with the gas storage barrel for controlling the environmental pressure in the reaction barrel body. The gas storage barrel is used for collecting the redundant gas of the reaction barrel body, and the subsequent treatment can be carried out so as to effectively utilize the gas generated by the compost fermentation or discharge the gas after the treatment.
Further, each circumference is equipped with a plurality of arcs on the toper otter board and dials the board, and each the board interval crisscross setting is dialled to the arc, and the arc is dialled the board and is connected with the bar spout that the toper otter board set, and the arc is dialled inboard and is connected through the bounding wall of the inboard edge of spring and toper otter board, and the toper otter board passes through the card post joint of card hole and annular rotation motor. Through the fan-shaped wave plate arranged above, the efficiency of centrifugally throwing away the livestock and poultry manure and fertilizer when the conical screen plate rotates can be improved in an auxiliary manner, so that the discharging efficiency of the manure reaction table is improved.
Furthermore, a heating net for adjusting the temperature in the reaction barrel body is laid on the inner wall of the reaction barrel body, a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature and a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure are also arranged in the reaction barrel body, and the temperature sensor and the heating net are both connected with a controller which is arranged on the outer wall of the reaction barrel body and is used for adjusting the temperature in the reaction barrel body; the annular rotating motor is connected with the controller and used for controlling the start and stop of the annular rotating motor to control the discharging of the fecal sewage reaction platform; the driving motor and the booster pump are both connected with the controller and are used for controlling the time of the annular spraying net for spraying the nutrient solution; the pressure sensor and the suction pump are connected with the controller and are used for controlling the environmental pressure in the reaction barrel body; the outer side wall of the reaction barrel body is also provided with an electricity storage bin, and a plurality of groups of lithium batteries are arranged in the electricity storage bin and used for supplying electric energy to the composting reaction device. Through the component arrangement, each functional component of the device is associated through the controller, so that the quick operation and use requirements of operators are met.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the livestock and poultry manure treatment method can effectively treat and convert the livestock and poultry manure into the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer, so that the livestock and poultry manure is effectively treated and solved, and the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer prepared by the method has high utilization effect and good use effect.
(2) The composting reaction device improves the efficiency of composting fermentation reaction through the structural design of the manure reaction platform and the like, further improves the using effect of the prepared livestock and poultry manure fertilizer, and simultaneously can automatically unload the fertilizer after the fertilizer is prepared and quickly and simply take out the prepared livestock and poultry manure fertilizer by utilizing the cooperation of the manure reaction platform, the reaction barrel body, the storage bin and other components, can improve the efficiency of composting and preparing the fertilizer, simultaneously optimizes the traditional composting mode and simplifies the operation of operators.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the main view of the composting apparatus according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the composting apparatus according to the invention from the bottom.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a composting apparatus according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the fecal sewage reaction table of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the stem of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a tapered mesh panel of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a tapered web construction of the hidden enclosures of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the annular spray net of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the storage silo of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the threaded telescoping member of the present invention after deployment.
Wherein, 1-reaction barrel body, 11-gas collecting ring, 12-gas storage barrel, 13-heating net, 14-temperature sensor, 15-pressure sensor, 16-controller, 17-electricity storage bin, 2-feces reaction platform, 21-central column, 22-conical screen plate, 221-arc shifting plate, 222-strip chute, 223-spring, 224-coaming, 23-annular rotating motor, 24-annular spraying net, 241-sliding bayonet, 242-hose, 25-rotating wheel, 26-liquid outlet opening, 27-driving motor, 3-storage bin, 31-connecting column, 32-annular door component, 321-telescopic ring component, 322-thread telescopic component, 323-thread pipe, 324-rotating piece rod, 325-driven bevel gear, 33-groove, 34-transmission component, 341-control rod, 342-drive bevel gear, 343-rotating button, 35-first handle, 4-protection plate, 41-protection plate, 42-arc guide plate, 43-second handle and 5-liquid chamber.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting microbial strains, putting the microbial strains on the composite compost according to the proportion of 2.5 percent of the total weight of the composite compost, uniformly mixing, and spraying a certain amount of deionized water to ensure that the water mass content of the composite compost is 20 percent to obtain the reactor compost; the composite stacking material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of wood chips, 7 parts of peanut shells, 9 parts of tobacco scraps and 12 parts of bark fibers; the microorganism strain is initial strain extracted from leaf mold, soil, etc., and then enrichment culture of conventional strain is performed to obtain microorganism strain;
s2: uniformly paving the reactor compost in a compost reaction device, enabling the thickness of each layer of the reactor compost to be not more than 40cm, uniformly spraying the livestock and poultry manure uniformly stirred on the reactor compost after each layer of the reactor compost is paved, wherein the weight ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the composite compost is 1: 3, adjusting the water content to 45% after fully turning and throwing;
s3: recycling the redundant liquid in the step S2, adding a compound preparation accounting for 5-8% of the total mass of the compound preparation, and uniformly stirring to obtain a spraying agent for later use; wherein the compound preparation is prepared from diatom ooze, iron dichloride and sodium metabisulfite according to the mass ratio of 7: 2: 3, mixing;
s4: then adjusting the compost fermentation temperature to 60 ℃, and adjusting the spraying application time of the spraying agent for 18s according to the temperature, wherein the spraying period of the spraying agent is 1 d;
s5: and controlling the air pressure in the composting reaction device to be stabilized at 110KPa during the stacking fermentation period, and performing stacking fermentation for 6d to obtain the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer after the microbial composting fermentation treatment.
The livestock and poultry manure treatment method can effectively treat the livestock and poultry manure and convert the livestock and poultry manure into the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer, so that the livestock and poultry manure is effectively solved, meanwhile, the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer prepared by the treatment is directly applied relative to the livestock and poultry manure, the fertility is high, the smell is low, and the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer prepared by the treatment method has high utilization effect and good use effect on the livestock and poultry manure.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, the device for the method for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms comprises:
as shown in fig. 1 or 2, a reaction barrel body 1 for accommodating and carrying each component and isolated from the outside, a gas collecting ring 11 is circumferentially arranged above the reaction barrel body 1, and the gas collecting ring 11 is communicated with an external gas storage barrel 12 through a pipeline; the gas collecting ring 11 is filled with a drying agent, and a suction pump communicated with the gas storage barrel 12 is arranged at a pipeline externally connected with the gas collecting ring 11 and used for controlling the environmental pressure in the reaction barrel body 1;
as shown in fig. 3-8, a fecal sewage reaction platform 2 for fermentation composting reaction, the fecal sewage reaction platform 2 comprises a central column 21 and 4 conical mesh plates 22, the upper end of the central column 21 is fixedly connected with the upper part of the inner wall of the reaction barrel body 1 through 3 detachable connecting rods, 4 annular rotating motors 23 are arranged on the central column 21 at equal intervals, each annular rotating motor 23 can be detachably clamped with one conical mesh plate 22, a group of annular spraying nets 24 are arranged above the conical mesh plates 22 between two adjacent conical mesh plates 22, the annular spraying nets 24 are circumferentially clamped and fixed with the deep holes of the central column 21 through 3 sliding clamping pins 241, a rotating wheel 25 for controlling liquid outlet is arranged in the hollow part inside the central column 21 and corresponding to each annular spraying net 24, 3 liquid outlet openings 26 are circumferentially arranged on the central column 21 corresponding to the positions of the rotating wheels 25, the liquid outlet opening 26 is detachably butted with a hose 242 arranged on the inner annular wall of the annular spraying net 24, each rotating wheel 25 is connected through a through connecting rod, the upper end of the connecting rod is connected with a driving motor 27 arranged inside the central column 21 and used for controlling the connecting rod and the rotating wheel 25 to rotate, a liquid bin 5 for containing spraying agents is arranged at the position, corresponding to the position of the central column 21, of the outer top surface of the reaction barrel body 1, and the liquid bin 5 is communicated with the upper end of the central column 21 through a booster pump and a pipeline;
as shown in fig. 6 and 7, 8 arc-shaped shifting plates 221 are circumferentially arranged on each conical screen plate 22, the arc-shaped shifting plates 221 are arranged at intervals in a staggered manner, the arc-shaped shifting plates 221 are connected with strip-shaped sliding grooves 222 arranged on the conical screen plate 22, the inner sides of the arc-shaped shifting plates 221 are connected with enclosing plates 224 on the inner side edges of the conical screen plates 22 through springs 223, and the conical screen plates 22 are clamped with clamping columns of the annular rotating motor 23 through clamping holes;
as shown in fig. 2, 9 and 10, a storage bin 3 for storing and accumulating fermented manure is provided, a connecting column 31 is provided at the center of the storage bin 3, the upper end of the connecting column 31 is rotatably and detachably connected with the lower end of a central column 21, an arc-shaped edge which is turned outwards is provided at the edge of the upper end of the storage bin 3, an annular door assembly 32 which is rotatably opened and closed is provided at the upper end of the central column 21, a groove 33 for adapting is provided at the position corresponding to the annular door assembly 32 on the inner wall of the storage bin 3, a transmission assembly 34 for controlling the annular door assembly 32 to be opened and closed is provided at the center of the lower bottom surface of the storage bin 3, and a first handle 35; the annular door assembly 32 specifically comprises a telescopic ring member 321 and 6 threaded telescopic members 322 for pushing the telescopic ring member 321 to expand and contract outwards, the threaded telescopic members 322 are composed of 7 sections of threaded pipes 323 sleeved layer by layer, a rotating sheet rod 324 arranged at the far end of each threaded telescopic member 322 is fixedly connected with the threaded pipe 323 at the far end, the rotating sheet rod 324 sequentially penetrates through holes reserved in the centers of the sections of threaded pipes 323 through telescopic rods and penetrates through the outer wall of the connecting column 31 to be connected with a driven bevel gear 325 arranged in the connecting column 31, and a high-strength flexible material, such as a commercially available high-toughness waterproof fabric, is arranged between the telescopic ring member 321 and the connecting column 31; the transmission assembly 34 comprises a control rod 341, a driving bevel gear 342 and a rotation button 343, the driving bevel gear 342 is arranged below each driven bevel gear 325 inside the connecting column 31 and is used for being meshed with each driven bevel gear 325 for transmission, one end of the control rod 341 is connected with the driving bevel gear 342, and the other end thereof penetrates through the storage bin 3 and is connected with the rotation button 343 outside the storage bin 3;
as shown in fig. 3, a protection plate 4 for scraping and accumulating fermented manure, a through hole for passing the storage bin 3 and arranged on the lower bottom surface of the reaction barrel body 1 of the protection plate 4 and connected with the same in a sliding and sealing manner, a second handle 43 for lifting and pulling is arranged on the lower end edge of the protection plate 4, a plurality of groups of arc-shaped guide plates 42 for sliding guiding the protection plate 41 are arranged on the lower bottom surface of the reaction barrel body 1 corresponding to the outer side position of the protection plate 41 in the circumferential direction,
as shown in fig. 3, a heating net 13 for adjusting the temperature inside the reaction barrel 1 is laid on the inner wall of the reaction barrel 1, a temperature sensor 14 for monitoring the temperature and a pressure sensor 15 for monitoring the pressure are also arranged inside the reaction barrel 1, and both the temperature sensor 14 and the heating net 15 are connected with a controller 16 arranged outside the outer wall of the reaction barrel 1 and used for adjusting the temperature inside the reaction barrel 1; the annular rotating motor 23 is connected with the controller 16 and is used for controlling the discharging of the fecal sewage reaction platform 2 by starting and stopping the annular rotating motor 23; the driving motor 27 and the booster pump are both connected with the controller 16 and are used for controlling the time of the annular spraying net 24 for spraying the nutrient solution; the pressure sensor 15 and the suction pump are both connected with the controller 16 and are used for controlling the environmental pressure in the reaction barrel body 1; the outer side wall of the reaction cylinder 1 is also provided with an electricity storage bin 17, a plurality of groups of lithium batteries are arranged in the electricity storage bin 17 and used for supplying electric energy to the composting reaction device,
wherein, the heating net 13 is adjusted in shape based on a heating plate sold in the market and the like so as to be installed in the device in a matching way; the temperature sensor 14 is a commercially available brand temperature sensor; the pressure sensor 15 is a pressure sensor of a commercially available brand, and the controller 16 is a programmable PLC controller of taiwan Baoyuan LNC-T5800A or a programmable controller of another commercially available brand; a commercially available brand lithium battery pack is arranged in the electricity storage bin 17; the annular rotating motor 23 is adjusted in shape based on a commercially available annular motor and a rotating motor to be installed in the device in a matching manner; the drive motor 27 is adjusted in shape based on a commercially available rotary motor to fit into the device.
Adopt above-mentioned compost reaction unit to pass through the structural design of the dirty reacting disc of excrement 2, the toper otter board that utilizes the multilayer design carries on the compound windrow of multilayer, thereby the efficiency of effectual improvement compost fermentation reaction and the result of use of the dirty fertilizer of beasts and birds that prepares, utilize the dirty reacting disc of excrement 2 and retort body 1 simultaneously, component cooperation such as storage silo 3, can be after making fertile automatic discharge and simply take out the dirty fertilizer of beasts and birds that prepare fast, and the operation is simple, high durability and convenient use, can improve traditional compost system fertile mode of optimizing in the time of the fertile efficiency of compost system, simplify operating personnel's operation.
The operation method of the composting reaction device comprises the following steps:
the sealing cover of the reaction barrel body 1 is opened, the bottom of the discharging bin 3 is supported, the connecting rod at the upper end of the central column 21 is disassembled, the connecting rod is sequentially pulled out through the matching of the hook claw and the fishing holes at the edge of each conical screen plate 22, and each annular spraying net 24 is sequentially disassembled during the process,
then, the reactor fertilizers obtained in the step S2 are sequentially sub-packaged on each conical screen plate 22, the thickness of the reactor fertilizers is guaranteed to be 30-50 cm, then, the uniformly stirred livestock and poultry manure is uniformly sprayed on each layer of the paved reactor fertilizers, then, the reactor fertilizers are fully turned and thrown, the lower parts of the reactor fertilizers are clamped by the hooks to the corresponding annular rotating motors 23 to enable the clamping columns and the clamping holes to be butted and clamped, the annular spraying screens 24 are sequentially sub-packaged at intervals during the period, and the spraying agent prepared in the step S3 is loaded into a liquid bin 5,
then, each connecting rod is installed to fix the central column 21, the sealing cover of the reaction barrel body 1 is covered, the temperature in the reaction barrel body 1 is adjusted through the controller 16, the temperature in the reaction barrel body is adjusted through the synergistic action of the heating net 13 and the temperature sensor 14, the pressure in the reaction barrel body 1 is adjusted through the controller 16, redundant gas in the reaction barrel is pumped into the gas storage barrel 12 through the synergistic action of the suction pump and the pressure sensor 14, the pressure in the reaction barrel is adjusted, and fermentation is carried out,
during fermentation, the controller 16 controls the driving motor 27 and the booster pump, the driving motor 27 is periodically rotated and reset to control the time of the rotating wheel 25 for blocking the liquid outlet opening 26, the booster pump periodically supplements the pressure pump to spray the spraying agent into the central column 21, and then the spraying agent is sprayed on the corresponding conical screen plate 22 through each annular spraying net 24,
after fermentation, the controller 16 starts each annular rotating motor 23 to drive the corresponding conical mesh plate 22 to rotate, the fermented livestock and poultry manure is pushed down along the strip-shaped chute 222 by the action of centrifugal force and the centrifugal force of each arc-shaped shifting plate 221, falls or is thrown to the protective plate 4, the protective plate 4 is pulled down by the second handle 43 to be pulled downwards under the clamping and limiting effect of each arc-shaped guide plate 42, the livestock and poultry manure on the protective plate 4 falls into the storage bin 3 by scraping the edge of the storage bin 3 and the protective plate 4, then the rotating button 343 is rotated to enable the annular door assembly 32 to be unfolded and clamped with the groove 33, and then the annular door assembly is rotated to be separated from the central column 21 by rotating the first handle 35, and the storage bin 3 is lifted to carry out subsequent bagging of the livestock and poultry manure and the like,
the installation method of the annular spraying net 24 comprises the following steps: each sliding bayonet pin 241 of the annular spraying net 24 is poked to be clamped and attracted with the deep hole on the central column 21, magnetic sheets are arranged on the inner bottom surfaces of the sliding bayonet pins 241 and the deep holes to be matched and attracted, each clamping head at the front end of the hose 242 is correspondingly clamped and attracted with the liquid outlet opening 26, the clamping head at the front end of the hose 242 and the liquid outlet opening 26 are respectively provided with a magnetic sheet to be matched and attracted,
deployment principle of the annular door assembly 32: the control rod 341 is driven to rotate by the rotation of the rotation button 343 of the transmission assembly 34, then the driving bevel gear 342 is driven to rotate, the driven bevel gears 325 which are in meshing transmission with the driving bevel gears 342 are driven to rotate by the rotation of the driving bevel gears 342, the rotating sheet rods 324 are driven to rotate by the rotation of the driven bevel gears 325, the threaded pipes 323 of the threaded expansion parts 322 at the far ends are driven to rotate by the rotation of the rotating sheet rods 324, then the threaded expansion parts 322 are rotated at the next stage, the threaded expansion parts 322 are extended under the rotation of the rotating sheet rods 324 to enable the expansion ring parts 321 to move outwards, the expansion ring parts 321 continuously extend during the movement to expand the circumference, and meanwhile, the shrinking high-toughness waterproof fabric is stretched until the expansion ring parts 321 are clamped with the grooves 33, and the expansion of the annular door assembly 32 is completed.
Example 2
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the composite windrow comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of wood chips, 5 parts of peanut shells, 5 parts of tobacco scraps and 15 parts of bark fibers.
Example 3
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the composite windrow comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of wood chips, 10 parts of peanut shells, 10 parts of tobacco scraps and 3 parts of bark fibers.
Example 4
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that step S4: then adjusting the compost fermentation temperature to 55 ℃, and adjusting the spraying application time of the spraying agent according to the temperature for 15s, wherein the spraying period of the spraying agent is 1 d.
Example 5
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that step S4: then adjusting the compost fermentation temperature to 65 ℃, and adjusting the spraying application time of the spraying agent for 21s according to the temperature, wherein the spraying period of the spraying agent is 1.5 d.
Fertility test of livestock and poultry manure fertilizer
The test area is as follows: selecting rural wheat fields in suburbs of the city to carry out livestock and poultry manure fertility test, dividing the wheat fields with similar growth conditions in the same region into 6 regions, and reserving a space of at least 20m between every two wheat fields;
and (3) test groups: selecting a plurality of livestock and poultry manure produced by cows of a certain farm in the urban area, equally dividing into 6 parts, wherein one part is used as a control group of the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer, and the other 5 parts are respectively prepared by adopting the methods of examples 1-5 and are marked as a test group 1, a test group 2, a test group 3, a test group 4 and a test group 5;
then, applying the corresponding livestock and poultry manure fertilizer to each wheat field, wherein the application amount is 300 kg/mu; the wheat plant height and the yield per mu of each wheat field are counted in the harvest period, and the statistics are shown in the following table 1:
as can be seen from the results in the table 1, through comparison between the test groups 1 to 5 and the control group, the fertility of the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer prepared by the method is obviously superior to that of the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer directly applied;
as can be seen from the comparison between the test group 1 and the test groups 2 and 3, the compound compost has certain influence on the fertility of the prepared livestock and poultry manure fertilizer due to different proportions, but the influence is relatively small, wherein the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer prepared by mainly using the compound compost prepared in the test group 1 has relatively best use effect;
as can be seen from the comparison between the test group 1 and the test groups 4 and 5, the fertilizer capability of the prepared livestock and poultry manure fertilizer is influenced to a certain extent due to the different spraying application time of the spraying agent, wherein the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer prepared mainly under the spraying parameters of the test group 1 has the best use effect.
Claims (10)
1. A method for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: selecting microbial strains, putting the microbial strains on the composite compost according to the proportion of 1-3% of the total weight of the composite compost, uniformly mixing, and spraying a certain amount of deionized water to enable the water mass content of the composite compost to be 20-25%, so as to obtain a reactor fertilizer;
s2: uniformly paving the reactor compost in a composting reaction device, enabling the thickness of each layer of the reactor compost to be not more than 30-50 cm, uniformly spraying the uniformly stirred livestock and poultry manure on each layer of the paved reactor compost, and adjusting the water content to be 40-60% after fully turning and throwing;
s3: recycling the redundant liquid in the step S2, adding a compound preparation accounting for 5-8% of the total mass of the compound preparation, and uniformly stirring to obtain a spraying agent for later use;
s4: then adjusting the compost fermentation temperature to 55-65 ℃, and adjusting the spraying application time of a spraying agent for 15s (increasing the spraying application time for 3s every 5 ℃) according to the temperature, wherein the spraying period of the spraying agent is 1-1.5 d;
s5: and controlling the air pressure in the composting reaction device to be stabilized at 80-120 KPa during the stacking fermentation period, and performing stacking fermentation for 3-7d to obtain the livestock and poultry manure fertilizer after microbial composting fermentation treatment.
2. The method for the comprehensive treatment of livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein the composite compost comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of peanut shells, 5-10 parts of tobacco scraps and 3-15 parts of bark fibers; the compound preparation is prepared from diatom ooze, iron dichloride and sodium metabisulfite according to the mass ratio of 7: 2: 3, and mixing.
3. The method for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism strains are initial strains extracted from rotten leaves, soil and the like, and then enrichment culture of conventional strains is performed to obtain the microorganism strains.
4. The method for the microbial-based comprehensive treatment of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, wherein the compound preparation is prepared from diatom ooze, iron dichloride and sodium metabisulfite according to a mass ratio of 7: 2: 3, and mixing.
5. The method for the comprehensive treatment of livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein the livestock and poultry manure is specifically cow manure, and the weight ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the composite compost is 1: (2-5).
6. The apparatus for the microbial-based integrated treatment of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, wherein the composting apparatus comprises:
the reaction barrel body (1) is used for containing and carrying all components and is isolated from the outside, a gas collecting ring (11) is circumferentially arranged above the reaction barrel body (1), and the gas collecting ring (11) is communicated with an external gas storage barrel (12) through a pipeline;
a dirty reaction bench of excrement (2) for fermentation compost reaction, dirty reaction bench of excrement (2) includes center post (21) and a plurality of toper otter board (22), center post (21) upper end is connected fixedly through a plurality of detachable connecting rods with reaction barrel body (1) inner wall upper portion, be provided with a plurality of annular rotating motor (23) on center post (21) equidistant, each annular rotating motor (23) go up all can dismantle the joint have one toper otter board (22), be located between two adjacent toper otter board (22) conical otter board (22) top all is equipped with a set of annular spraying net (24), annular spraying net (24) go up circumference through a plurality of slip bayonet locks (241) with the deep hole joint of center post (21) fixed, center post (21) inside cavity and each annular spraying net (24) position correspondence department all be equipped with one and be used for controlling the turning wheel (25) of going out liquid, a plurality of liquid outlet openings (26) are circumferentially arranged on the central column (21) corresponding to the positions of the rotating wheels (25), the liquid outlet openings (26) are detachably butted with hoses (242) arranged on the inner annular wall of the annular spraying net (24), the rotating wheels (25) are connected through penetrating connecting rods, the upper ends of the connecting rods are connected with a driving motor (27) arranged inside the central column (21) and used for controlling the connecting rods and the rotating wheels (25) to rotate, a liquid bin (5) for containing and carrying spraying agents is arranged at the position, corresponding to the position of the central column (21), of the outer top surface of the reaction barrel body (1), and the liquid bin (5) is communicated with the upper end of the central column (21) through a booster pump and a pipeline;
the storage bin (3) is used for storing fermented excrement, a connecting column (31) is arranged at the center of the storage bin (3), the upper end of the connecting column (31) is rotatably and detachably connected with the lower end of a central column (21), an arc-shaped edge which is turned outwards is arranged at the edge of the upper end of the storage bin (3), an annular door assembly (32) which is rotatably opened and closed is arranged at the upper end of the central column (21), a groove (33) which is used for matching and connecting is arranged at the position, corresponding to the annular door assembly (32), of the inner wall of the storage bin (3), a transmission assembly (34) which is used for controlling the annular door assembly (32) to be opened and closed is arranged at the center of the lower bottom of the storage bin (3), and a first handle (35) which;
a guard plate (4) for striking off and gather fermentation back excrement and urine, the through-hole that is used for storage silo (3) to pass through that guard plate (4) and reaction barrel body (1) bottom surface set up is connected rather than sliding seal, and guard plate (4) lower extreme edge is equipped with second handle (43) that are used for carrying and draw, and bottom surface circumference is equipped with arc deflector (42) that the multiunit is used for guard plate (41) sliding guide under reaction barrel body (1) that corresponds the department with guard plate (41) outside position.
7. The device for the comprehensive microbial-based treatment of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 6, wherein the annular door assembly (32) specifically comprises a telescopic ring member (321) and a plurality of threaded telescopic members (322) for pushing the telescopic ring member (321) to expand and contract, the threaded telescopic members (322) are composed of a plurality of sections of threaded pipes (323) sleeved layer by layer, a rotating sheet rod (324) arranged at the distal end of the threaded telescopic member (322) is fixedly connected with the threaded pipe (323) at the farthest end, the rotating sheet rod (324) sequentially passes through holes reserved at the centers of the sections of threaded pipes (323) through telescopic rods and penetrates through the outer wall of the connecting column (31) to be connected with driven bevel gears (325) arranged in the connecting column (31), and high-strength flexible materials are arranged between the telescopic ring member (321) and the connecting column (31);
the transmission assembly (34) comprises a control rod (341), a driving bevel gear (342) and a rotating button (343), wherein the driving bevel gear (342) is arranged below each driven bevel gear (325) inside the connecting column (31) and is used for being meshed with each driven bevel gear (325) for transmission, one end of the control rod (341) is connected with the driving bevel gear (342), and the other end of the control rod penetrates through the storage bin (3) and is connected with the rotating button (343) arranged outside the storage bin (3).
8. The device for the comprehensive treatment of livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms according to claim 6, wherein the gas collection ring (11) is filled with a desiccant, and a suction pump is arranged at a pipeline externally connected with the gas collection ring (11) and communicated with the gas storage barrel (12) for controlling the environmental pressure in the reaction barrel body (1).
9. The device for the microbial-based comprehensive treatment of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 6, wherein the gas collecting ring (11) is communicated with the gas storage barrel (12) through a pipeline and a suction pump.
10. The device for the comprehensive treatment of livestock and poultry manure based on microorganisms according to claim 6, wherein a heating net (13) for adjusting the temperature inside the reaction barrel body (1) is laid on the inner wall of the reaction barrel body (1), a temperature sensor (14) for monitoring the temperature and a pressure sensor (15) for monitoring the pressure are further arranged inside the reaction barrel body (1), and the temperature sensor (14) and the heating net (15) are both connected with a controller (16) which is arranged outside the outer wall of the device barrel body (1) and used for adjusting the temperature inside the reaction barrel body (1); the annular rotating motor (23) is connected with the controller (16) and is used for starting and stopping the annular rotating motor (23) to control the discharging of the fecal sewage reaction platform (2); the driving motor (27) and the booster pump are both connected with the controller (16) and are used for controlling the time of spraying the nutrient solution by the annular spraying net (24); the pressure sensor (15) and the suction pump are both connected with the controller (16) and are used for controlling the environmental pressure in the reaction barrel body (1); the outer side wall of the reaction barrel body (1) is further provided with an electricity storage bin (17), and a plurality of groups of lithium batteries are arranged in the electricity storage bin (17) and used for supplying electric energy to the composting reaction device.
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