CN112159137B - 一种改性粉煤灰及其在混凝土中的应用 - Google Patents
一种改性粉煤灰及其在混凝土中的应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112159137B CN112159137B CN202011083568.6A CN202011083568A CN112159137B CN 112159137 B CN112159137 B CN 112159137B CN 202011083568 A CN202011083568 A CN 202011083568A CN 112159137 B CN112159137 B CN 112159137B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fly ash
- concrete
- modified
- complexing agent
- modified fly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title abstract description 50
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 16
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- -1 gravel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011382 roller-compacted concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011469 building brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010797 grey water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033444 hydroxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012633 leachable Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- MRUMAIRJPMUAPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MRUMAIRJPMUAPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
- C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/18—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type
- C04B28/186—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type containing formed Ca-silicates before the final hardening step
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/325—Amines
- D06M13/328—Amines the amino group being bound to an acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atom
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
- D06M14/08—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of synthetic origin
- D06M14/10—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of synthetic origin of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/20—Polyalkenes, polymers or copolymers of compounds with alkenyl groups bonded to aromatic groups
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
本发明提供了一种改性粉煤灰及其在混凝土中的应用。所述改性粉煤灰掺有纤维材料。当将所述改性粉煤灰应用于混凝土时,可以替代部分水泥,并且在充分利用粉煤灰的同时具有较高的抗折强度和环保性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无机化学技术领域,具体涉及一种改性粉煤灰及其在混凝土中的应用。
背景技术
长期以来,国内外在混凝土中常掺有一定量粉煤灰,但作为水泥的替代材料,绝大多数情况下是以如下三种方式应用的:在早期强度要求很低,长期强度大约在25~35MPa的大体积水工混凝土中,大掺量地替代水泥使用;在结构混凝土里较少量地替代水泥(10~25%);在强度要求很低的回填或道路基层里大量掺用。粉煤灰可以填充骨料颗粒的空隙并包裹它们形成润滑层,由于粉煤灰的容重(表观密度)只有水泥的2/3左右,而且粒形好(质量好的粉煤灰含大量玻璃微珠),因此能填充得更密实,在水泥用量较少的混凝土里尤其显着。粉煤灰还可以延缓水化速度,减小混凝土因水化热引起的温升,对防止混凝土产生温度裂缝十分有利。
然而,国内外多项研究结果显示,粉煤灰受到自然风化和降水的淋溶作用,其中含有的有毒重金属会进入水体。在长期堆放和碱性灰水浸泡下,粉煤灰浸泡时间越长,有毒有害重金属的浸出浓度越高。
CN103304175A公开了一种阳离子表面活性剂改性粉煤灰的制备方法,首先对粉煤灰的表面进行预处理以及羟基化处理,得到羟基化粉煤灰以得到接枝点,再用偶联剂改性粉煤灰,最后与阳离子表面活性剂聚丙烯酰胺发生接枝反应得到阳离子表面活性剂改性粉煤灰。
CN101695649A公开了公开了一种改性粉煤灰,该改性粉煤灰是由改性剂硫酸溶液与粉煤灰混合、反应、过滤、干燥后得到,所述改性粉煤灰可以有效应用于城市污水污泥的调理,具有调理效果好、成本低、有效利用废弃资源等优点。
CN102631890A公开了一种改性粉煤灰吸附剂的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:1)原料粉煤灰的预处理;2)粉煤灰的热改性处理;3)改性粉煤灰粉体的制备;4)粉煤灰与吸附助剂混合造粒得到改性粉煤灰吸附剂。
CN105622014A公开了多强度再生砖骨料纤维混凝土及其制备方法,所述多强度再生砖骨料纤维混凝土由水泥、细骨料、天然粗骨料、再生砖粗骨料、聚烯烃纤维、钢纤维、水,按其重量比1:0.780~1.309:0~1.830:0.390~1.568:0~0.019:0~0.161:0.33~0.48配制而成。
CN108793875A公开了一种改性粉煤灰增强混凝土,所述混凝土中含有其质量12-18%的8-羟基喹啉硫酸盐改性粉煤灰
CN1411965A公开了一种在离心混凝土制品生产中掺加粉煤灰的工艺技术方法,该方法将粉煤灰和混凝土减水剂一起在混凝土搅拌时与水泥、砂、碎石、水等同时掺加,配制成掺粉煤灰和混凝土减水剂的混凝土拌和料,搅拌时的拌和时间需延长,制品进行离心作业时的离心加速度要下调,离心时间需延长,制品在常温蒸养时的养护温度需提高。
CN109809745A公开了一种超高掺量粉煤灰碾压混凝土材料筑坝方法及其结构,通过提高碾压混凝土中的粉煤灰掺量;迎水面C9020三级配防渗碾压混凝土粉煤灰掺量拟提高至60%,坝体内部C9015三级配碾压混凝土粉煤灰掺量拟提高至70%~80%,并通过采取高性能外加剂来降低混凝土的用水量和降低水泥用量。
CN1296927A公开了一种全高钙粉煤灰混凝土,其特征是按重量比,高钙粉煤灰:沙石为10-60%:90-40%,水按物重的10-15%添加,经搅拌后即成,完全可以替代水泥制成抗压强度18MPG的粉煤灰混凝土,主要用于次要道路的路基、路面,引水沟渠,房屋建设,混凝土制品生产等。
“粉煤灰在混凝土中的应用技术”,覃维祖,商品混凝土,2006,描述了混凝土技术的发展,包括水泥活性,细度提高,以及化学外加剂,尤其是高效减水剂的广泛应用,混凝土水胶比可以大幅度降低,使粉煤灰在混凝土中的作用发生变化,充分认识这种变化带来的影响,推进粉煤灰在混凝土中大掺量地应用,可以改善混凝土的性能,节约水泥,有利于环境保护,节能,促进混凝土技术的可持续发展。
然而,在现有技术中,很多粉煤灰来自电厂,这样的粉煤灰往往含有超标的重金属。当使用这样的粉煤灰时,粉煤灰中的重金属会浸出,造成环境污染,从而严重限制了电厂粉煤灰的利用。本领域需要一种能够将电厂粉煤灰加以利用的方法。
发明内容
为了解决上述电厂粉煤灰利用问题,本发明人提供了一种改性粉煤灰及其在混凝土中的应用。该改性粉煤灰制得的混凝土能够满足环保要求。
在本发明的一方面,提供了一种改性粉煤灰,其中该改性粉煤灰掺有纤维材料。
优选地,该粉煤灰为来自热电厂的粉煤灰。
优选地,所述纤维材料为有机纤维。
优选地,所述粉煤灰含有重金属。更优选地,所述重金属包括Pd、Ni、Cr、Cd、Cu、Hg中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述重金属在粉煤灰中的含量大于3000mg/kg。
更优选地,Pd的含量大于500mg/kg。
在本发明的另一方面,提高了一种制备前述改性粉煤灰的方法,该方法包括将粉煤灰与纤维材料掺混。
在本发明的又一方面,提高了所述改性粉煤灰的应用,其用于替代混凝土中的部分骨料。
优选地,所述混凝土用于制造砌块、填料或道路铺筑材料。
当所述改性粉煤灰用于混凝土时,所述混凝土由水泥、天然粗骨料、粉煤灰、激发剂和水按重量比1:(1.20~1.50):(0.10~0.80):(0.20~0.8):(0.40~1.50)制备而成。
优选地,所述粉煤灰为改性粉煤灰。
更优选地,所述改性是指将粉煤灰中的有害金属进行固定以防止有害金属浸出。即,所述改性粉煤灰是经有害金属固定的改性粉煤灰。
进一步优选地,所述有害金属是指重金属。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方式中,所述改性粉煤灰为通过包括以下步骤的方法制得的粉煤灰:(1)将络合剂配制成20-50wt%的水溶液;(2)将粉煤灰与所述溶液混合,使得络合剂的量占粉煤灰的0.05-3wt%,搅拌2-6h;(3)将粉煤灰中的水分含量调整为20-30wt%,然后将在室温下老化1-2周,然后风干1-3周,其中所述络合剂为下式(1)所示:
所述,所述步骤(3)可以使络合剂与重金属反应,从而将重金属离子固定下来。
优选地,所述重金属离子为Ni、Pd、Cu、Cr等重金属离子中的一种或多种。
当使用所述式(1)络合剂时,能够与金属离子形成如下络合物,以Ni2+为例:
与聚丙烯纤维相比,接枝-CON(CH3)2基团后的聚丙烯纤维能够有效络合重金属离子。另外,聚丙烯纤维还能够起阻止或延缓混凝土裂缝扩展的作用,可适度提高其抗拉、抗弯强度并显著提高其韧性。此外,与一般的分子型络合剂相比,本发明的聚合物络合剂不存在重金属络合物浸出的风险,从而极大提高了使用安全性。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述式(1)络合剂可通过包括以下步骤的方法制得:(1)将聚丙烯纤维在锥形烧瓶中分散在蒸馏水中,然后加入氧化还原引发剂,并将混合物剧烈振摇,之后加入丙烯酸单体,在70-90℃搅拌反应2-6小时,将产物过滤并用蒸馏水洗涤,在30-50℃干燥至恒重;(2)将步骤(1)制得的聚丙烯-聚丙烯酸接枝纤维与二甲胺反应制备最终改性的络合剂,即式(1)所示络合剂。
更具体地,所述式(1)络合剂可通过包括以下步骤的方法制得:(1)将2-4g聚丙烯纤维在锥形烧瓶中分散在150-300mL蒸馏水中,然后加入氧化还原引发剂体系(过氧化苯甲酰、吐温80和吡啶),并将混合物剧烈振摇5-15分钟,之后加入丙烯酸单体,并在75-85℃下搅拌反应进行3-5小时,之后将产物过滤并用蒸馏水洗涤,并在30-50℃干燥至恒重;(2)将步骤(1)制得的聚丙烯-聚丙烯酸接枝纤维与二甲胺反应制备最终改性的络合剂,其中将聚丙烯-聚丙烯酸接枝纤维与二甲胺的甲苯溶液(优选100mL 5%(v/v))在50-60℃下缓慢搅拌2-4小时,然后将改性的络合剂过滤并用无水乙醇洗涤,之后在40-50℃下干燥,即得式(1)所示络合剂。聚丙烯-聚丙烯酸接枝纤维与二甲胺的用量比可以按照摩尔当量比进行,例如1:1摩尔比。
通过对该络合剂进行FT-IR光谱分析,δ3150-3500cm-1范围内的峰归属于–COOH键,δ1552.2cm-1的峰处属于–CON(CH3)2键。
通过吸附动力学曲线研究,发现当使用式(1)所示络合剂时,在最初的6分钟内,Pd2+和Ni2+的平衡吸附量超过85%。
优选地,所述激发剂为FJ型激发剂、矿粉激发剂、废砖粉激发剂、石膏粉、NaOH等中的一种或多种的组合。
在本发明的一个特别优选实施方式中,所述激发剂可以通过如下方法制得:(1)取废砖骨料中粒径小于5mm的颗粒,向其中加入为该废砖骨料重量的20-25%的石灰,混合均匀,然后粉碎并研磨,研磨至表面积为400-800m2/kg;(2)向步骤(1)得到粉末中加入Na2S2O3和水玻璃,其中Na2S2O3和水玻璃的加入量为步骤(1)得到粉末的0.5-2.0wt%和5-10wt%,继续研磨1-3h,即得激发剂。
研究发现,在步骤(1)中,通过研磨,废砖的细度逐渐提高,废砖激发活性发挥的越来越好,制得的混凝土强度也逐渐提高。所述研磨可以达到机械力活化的目的。CaO在部分废砖颗粒表面发生水解反应,形成水化硅酸钙、水化铝酸钙、水化铁铝酸钙和氢氧化钙。这些产物在水泥水化时具有水化诱导作用,起到类似“晶种”作用,使钢渣中晶体矿物水化。以上述水化产物为依托,不断溶蚀,不断水解。
另外,在本发明的激发剂制备中,所述原料经研磨后,使晶体矿物露出新的表面,从而将矿物的钝化层除去,进一步提高废砖粉的激发活性。
因此选择废砖骨料与CaO组合并进行研磨,对激发剂作用的发挥能够起到特别好的作用。
单一的激发剂不能够全面激发其胶凝活性,充分发挥废砖粉末的水化活性在后续中,进一步加入Na2S2O3和水玻璃进行复配,以进一步提高激发剂效果。
研究发现,根据GB/T50081-2002规定的方法进行测试,加入所述激发剂与不加入所述激发剂相比,制得的混凝土试件的抗压强度可以提高5-10%。
优选地,所述天然粗骨料包括砂石。
优选地,所述砂石包括河砂。
特别优选地,所述天然粗骨料的粒径质量分布为:粒径为5mm-10mm所占比例为10wt%-20wt%,粒径为10mm-15mm所占比例为30wt%-60wt%,粒径为15mm-20mm所占比例为20wt%-30wt%。
本发明人经研究发现,通过采取所述特定选择的连续级配粗骨料,使拌和物具有良好的工作性,不易产生离析,并且可节约水泥,使混凝土具有良好的和易性。与使用单一级别的天然粗骨料相比,可节约水泥5-20%。离析、特别是动态离析情形明显得到改善。
优选地,所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥。
优选地,所述水泥为P.O 42.5R水泥。
通过本发明方法改性后的粉煤灰能够将其中的有害重金属固定下来,从而当其应用于混凝土时能够有效防止有害重金属的浸出。
具体实施方案
为了使本发明更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
式(1)络合剂通过包括以下步骤的方法制得:将2g聚丙烯纤维在锥形烧瓶中分散在150mL蒸馏水中,然后加入氧化还原引发剂体系(过氧化苯甲酰、吐温80和吡啶的混合物),并将混合物剧烈振摇8分钟,之后加入丙烯酸单体,并在85℃下搅拌反应进行3小时,之后将产物过滤并用蒸馏水洗涤,并在50℃干燥至恒重,将制得的聚丙烯-聚丙烯酸接枝纤维与二甲胺反应制备最终改性的络合剂,其中将聚丙烯-聚丙烯酸接枝纤维与二甲胺的甲苯溶液(100mL 5%(v/v))在60℃下缓慢搅拌3小时,然后将改性的络合剂过滤并用无水乙醇洗涤,之后在50℃下干燥,即得式(1)所示络合剂。将该络合剂配制成30wt%的水溶液,然后将粉煤灰与该水溶液混合,使得络合剂的量占粉煤灰的2.6wt%,搅拌4h,之后将粉煤灰中的水分含量调整为25wt%,然后将在室下老化2周,然后风干3周,即得改性粉煤灰。
实施例2
取废弃普通房屋建筑砖块,将该建筑废砖用颚式破碎机破碎,然后筛分出粒径为5-10mm的废砖颗粒,将该颗粒在110℃的温度下干燥1.2小时,再将干燥后的废砖颗粒浸入到聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的乙醇溶液中(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的浓度为1.5wt%),以20rpm的速度进行搅拌,搅拌时间为1.5h,然后将浸渍后的废砖颗粒取出,晾干,在浸渍后的废砖骨料置于丝网吊篮里,置于配好的水泥净浆中(水泥净浆的水胶比为1.3),经抖动震荡3min取出,室温条件养护1d,备用。按照水泥、天然粗骨料、实施例1制得的改性粉煤灰、FJ1激发剂和水按重量比1:1.24:0.53:0.22:0.90的重量比进行备料,将水泥、天然粗骨料、废砖骨料、、粉煤灰、FJ1激发剂加入混凝土振动搅拌机中干式拌合均匀20s,然后将水加入到混凝土振动搅拌机中,搅拌40s,混合均匀。将所得混凝土制成10个试块,在温度为25℃的环境中静置24h,最后转移至混凝土标准养护室中进行养护,养护28d。参照中国建筑材料科学研究总院于2005年牵头制定“水泥中可浸出重金属的检测方法”国家标准,测得Pb2+的浸出率为1.63%。
对比例1
重复实施例1,区别仅在于所述粉煤灰为未改性的普通市售粉煤灰。经测量,Pb2+的浸出率为9.66%。
由上述实施例和对比例可以看出,本申请的方法使得混凝土试件的重金属浸出明显降低,从而可以满足环境保护要求。
本书面描述使用实例来公开本发明,包括最佳模式,且还使本领域技术人员能够制造和使用本发明。本发明的可授予专利的范围由权利要求书限定,且可以包括本领域技术人员想到的其它实例。如果这种其它实例具有不异于权利要求书的字面语言的结构元素,或者如果这种其它实例包括与权利要求书的字面语言无实质性差异的等效结构元素,则这种其它实例意图处于权利要求书的范围之内。在不会造成不一致的程度下,通过参考将本文中参考的所有引用之处并入本文中。
Claims (5)
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性粉煤灰,其中该粉煤灰为来自热电厂的粉煤灰。
3.根据前述权利要求1所述的改性粉煤灰,其中所述粉煤灰含有重金属。
4.根据权利要求3所述的改性粉煤灰,其中所述重金属包括Pd、Ni、Cr、Cd、Cu、Hg中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的改性粉煤灰,其中所述重金属在粉煤灰中的含量大于3000mg/kg。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011083568.6A CN112159137B (zh) | 2020-10-12 | 2020-10-12 | 一种改性粉煤灰及其在混凝土中的应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011083568.6A CN112159137B (zh) | 2020-10-12 | 2020-10-12 | 一种改性粉煤灰及其在混凝土中的应用 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN112159137A CN112159137A (zh) | 2021-01-01 |
CN112159137B true CN112159137B (zh) | 2022-02-25 |
Family
ID=73866459
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011083568.6A Expired - Fee Related CN112159137B (zh) | 2020-10-12 | 2020-10-12 | 一种改性粉煤灰及其在混凝土中的应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN112159137B (zh) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0364595A1 (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1990-04-25 | Nkk Corporation | Method of insolubilizing heavy metals contained in fly ash discharged from garbage incinerator |
CN102489268A (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-06-13 | 南京大学 | 一种胺修饰的纤维状应急吸附材料及其制备方法 |
CN104310880A (zh) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-28 | 同济大学 | 一种利用水洗预处理垃圾焚烧飞灰提高混凝土抗冻融性能的方法 |
CN104667891A (zh) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 南京工业大学 | 一种吸附水中重金属螯合纤维材料的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102001846B (zh) * | 2010-03-29 | 2013-05-15 | 中国铁道科学研究院铁道建筑研究所 | 一种矿物聚合材料基活性粉末混凝土及其制备方法 |
CN103159888B (zh) * | 2013-03-29 | 2015-08-05 | 南京大学 | 一种丙烯酸系大容量捕集铜离子的伯胺基螯合树脂及其制备方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-10-12 CN CN202011083568.6A patent/CN112159137B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0364595A1 (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1990-04-25 | Nkk Corporation | Method of insolubilizing heavy metals contained in fly ash discharged from garbage incinerator |
CN102489268A (zh) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-06-13 | 南京大学 | 一种胺修饰的纤维状应急吸附材料及其制备方法 |
CN104310880A (zh) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-28 | 同济大学 | 一种利用水洗预处理垃圾焚烧飞灰提高混凝土抗冻融性能的方法 |
CN104667891A (zh) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 南京工业大学 | 一种吸附水中重金属螯合纤维材料的制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Liquefaction strength of fly ash reinforced with randomly distributed fibers;Boominathan A等;《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》;20021231;第1027-1033页 * |
建筑垃圾制备泡沫混凝土的研究;蔡安兰等;《新型建筑材料》;20100930;第31页 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN112159137A (zh) | 2021-01-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN106396555B (zh) | 一种基于纤维素纤维内养护的超高性能水泥基复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN107459311B (zh) | 一种利废抗折增韧的湿磨浆状掺合料的制备方法 | |
CN113213789B (zh) | 基于生活垃圾焚烧飞灰制备的路面砖及其制备方法 | |
CN112194394A (zh) | 基于淤泥的人造建筑骨料的制备方法 | |
CN109053080A (zh) | 一种环境友好型高延性水泥基复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN114315188B (zh) | 一种用于垃圾焚烧底灰处理的碱激发胶凝材料制备工艺 | |
CN113880544A (zh) | 一种淤泥软土固化剂及淤泥软土固化方法 | |
CN110590294A (zh) | 一种良好耐久性的再生粉体混凝土及制备方法 | |
CN111253127A (zh) | 一种c30碳纤维碎砖再生混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN112159178B (zh) | 包含废砖粉和粉煤灰的混凝土 | |
CN112110705A (zh) | 一种建筑垃圾再生利用的自修复型半刚性基层材料 | |
CN111620662A (zh) | 一种掺改性沸石的混凝土 | |
CN111574178A (zh) | 渣土余泥免烧砖块的制备方法 | |
CN113956015A (zh) | 一种生活垃圾焚烧灰渣混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN115448655B (zh) | 一种基于建筑垃圾的路面基层材料及其制备方法 | |
CN112960922A (zh) | 一种脱硫灰基胶凝材料及其制备和应用 | |
CN111807792A (zh) | 一种石英玻璃粉末塑性混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN110218042B (zh) | 一种环保高强度干混砂浆及其制备方法 | |
CN112159137B (zh) | 一种改性粉煤灰及其在混凝土中的应用 | |
CN104876464B (zh) | 一种纤维增韧粉煤灰的接枝改性方法 | |
CN102285780B (zh) | 一种银行金融设备用超高性能水泥基复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN115304356A (zh) | 一种高强度建筑垃圾再生砖及其制备方法 | |
CN112919856A (zh) | 一种纤维地聚物混凝土及其制备方法 | |
CN112110669A (zh) | 一种再生骨料增强剂及其制备方法及再生骨料混凝土 | |
CN116217170A (zh) | 一种纳米土壤固化剂的制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20220225 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |