CN112143010A - 耐划伤哑光复材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了耐划伤哑光复材及其制备方法,水性聚氨酯、流平剂、消泡剂和聚硅氧烷搅拌后加入流变剂以及水,得到主剂;将开稀后固化剂加入主剂,得到水性耐划伤哑油;将水性耐划伤哑油涂覆在塑料基底表面,固化,得到耐划伤哑光复材。本发明采用较低的搅拌速度可以取得优异的技术效果。相比较于现有的水性耐划伤哑油,本发明耐划伤性能优异;在多数基材和光油表面附着力良好,且哑度极低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐划伤哑光技术,具体涉及一种耐划伤哑光复材及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于溶剂油墨固有的缺陷,相应的水性耐划伤哑油成为研究的热点,相比较于溶剂型耐划伤哑油,水性耐划伤哑油仅有少量或不含有机溶剂,在施工过程中,有害气体挥发少,VOC排放低,对一线生产者健康损害小,且安全性高。目前市场上已有较为成熟的产品。现有产品多采用聚碳酸酯、表面滑爽助剂、耐划伤的高密度聚乙烯蜡浆或者高硬度的石英粉或陶瓷分散体等材料改性得到水性耐划伤哑油。
目前市场上较为成熟的水性耐划伤哑油多通过添加消光粉或蜡粉的方式达到哑光效果,但由于哑粉、蜡粉等粉料表面特性和其较小的比表面积,导致上述粉料在水性油墨体系中极易团聚,造成板面出现针孔,沙眼和颗粒等缺陷。因此在水性哑油分散过程中,需另外添加一定量的分散剂以达到修饰粉料表面防止其团聚,另外,在分散过程中需要较高转速以使分散剂充分打开、与粉料充分接触,会产生大量能耗。上述两方面原因使得水性哑油的成本进一步提高,限制了其市场应用。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种耐划伤哑光复材及其制备方法,采用水性聚氨酯,混合超高分子量聚硅氧烷,以水为主要溶剂,并搭配水分散性异氰酸酯固化剂制备得到的水性耐划伤哑油,将水性耐划伤哑油涂覆在塑料基底表面,固化,得到耐划伤哑光复材。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
耐划伤哑光复材,包括塑料基底与耐划伤哑光涂层;耐划伤哑光涂层由水性耐划伤哑油制备;水性耐划伤哑油包括主剂与固化剂,主剂包括水性聚氨酯、流平剂、消泡剂、聚硅氧烷、流变剂、水;固化剂包括异氰酸酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯。进一步的,以主剂重量为100份,水性聚氨酯为80~100份,流平剂0.3~0.5份、消泡剂0.1~0.3份、聚硅氧烷0.8~2份、流变剂1~2份、水为余量;异氰酸酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的重量比为(6~10)∶(1~2)。本发明配方得到的漆膜具有较低的光泽,无需另外添加消光粉,就可以使水性哑油显现极低的哑度,防止指甲划过时粉料结构破坏而造成的明显划痕。
本发明使用的润湿流平剂为有机硅流平剂,比如BYK-346、Tego 270、Tego 410、BYK-333中的一种或几种;使用的水性消泡剂为聚醚硅氧烷共聚物,比如BYK-021、BYK-022、Tego902w、Tego833中的一种或几种;使用的水性流变助为聚酰胺蜡或缔合型聚氨酯,比如AQ-633E、RHEOLATE 299、VEsmody U505中的一种或几种;助剂与树脂的配合,使得油墨更好的润湿光油表面或塑料比如PET基材,让哑油更均匀的铺展流平,具有优异的附着力,且消除体系内存在的微泡,与水相容性好,还可以赋予水性体系内的胶束离子同种电荷,使粒子之间相斥均匀不团聚,对水性哑油粘度调整有利,使施工粘度灵活可调控,改善其流变性能。
上述耐划伤哑光复材的制备方法包括以下步骤,水性聚氨酯、流平剂、消泡剂和聚硅氧烷搅拌后加入流变剂以及水,得到主剂;将开稀后固化剂加入主剂,得到水性耐划伤哑油;将水性耐划伤哑油涂覆在塑料基底表面,固化,得到耐划伤哑光复材。将主剂、固化剂、水混合,慢速搅拌,得到水性耐划伤哑油,主剂、固化剂、水的重量比为100∶(8~10)∶(40~60)。进一步的,将流平剂、消泡剂加入水性聚氨酯中,中速搅拌,然后加入聚硅氧烷和水的混合液,低速搅拌,最后加入流变剂,低速搅拌,得到主剂;将甲基丙烯酸甲酯加入异氰酸酯中,慢速搅拌,得到固化剂。
本发明中,塑料基底为聚酰亚胺(PI)基底或者聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)基底,为常规塑料产品;固化为120℃加热30s,然后70℃加热12h。
本发明中,慢速搅拌的速度为150~220rpm,低速搅拌的速度为300~500rpm,中速搅拌的速度为600~800rpm;现有技术需要高的搅拌速度,一般大于1000rpm,为了提高哑粉、蜡粉的分散效果,且还需要分散剂的配合,本发明没有分散剂也不含哑粉,且采用较低的转速,得到的油墨固化效果很好,表面没有针孔等缺陷,也不存在团聚现象,尤其是哑光性能好、耐刮性能好。
本发明使用的水性树脂为水性阴离子聚碳型水性聚氨酯,不含哑粉,断裂伸长率为300~400%,杨氏模量大于22.8N/mm2,数据分子量为13000~18000,超高分子量以及优异的拉伸性能、强度赋予了聚碳聚氨酯漆膜达到“软而韧”的效果。因此相比较于水性聚酯、水性丙烯酸酯等树脂,具有较好的韧性和弹性,另外由于其本身结构中存在较多羰基基团,相比较于一般的聚醚、聚酯型聚氨酯树脂具有更优异的强度和回弹性。同时,该树脂的软化点在120~150℃,较高的玻璃化转变温度可以使水性树脂与异氰酸酯、氮丙啶、碳化二亚胺等固化剂高温下快速交联固化成膜;该树脂有机溶剂含量极低,所有组分与指标均符合美国TSCA和欧洲EINECS标准,安全环保,符合最新的环保法规要求,比如XH-659、89404、SPM-6510。聚硅氧烷为聚二甲基硅氧烷,为DC-51、Y-MEISTEY86、GLIDE T-52中的一种或几种;在水性哑油成膜过程中,随着水分的挥发,聚二甲基硅氧烷不断迁移至膜表面,增强表面的滑爽性,降低膜表面的摩擦系数,从而提高涂膜的耐划伤性能;同时,与水性聚氨酯膜结合,聚硅氧烷降低了膜能表面,增强了涂膜表面的疏水性能和抗回粘防污性能。
本发明涂膜表干实干加快,达到更好的自干效果,水性涂料的挥发组分相比油性而言减少很多,且不使用苯类助溶剂,减少了对环境中的排放,也降低了对施工人员的健康损害。
本发明使用的水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂为Aquolin-268、Aquolin-270、XP-2655的一种或几种;固化剂端基的异氰酸酯基可与水性树脂中含活泼H的-OH、-COOH、-CO-NH-等基团反应形成交联网状结构,使水性哑油固化成膜,赋予水性哑油优异的附着力,耐溶剂性,耐划伤性。
本发明采用水性聚氨酯混合超高分子量聚硅氧烷,以水为主要溶剂,并添加少量有机助剂(流平剂、消泡剂、流变剂,都为水性)为主剂,并搭配水分散性异氰酸酯固化剂制备得到的水性耐划伤哑油。该水性耐划伤哑油在光油以及PET基材均有优异的附着力5B,极低的哑度,重涂性良好,耐划伤性能优异(指甲划后无明显痕迹),性能完全可媲美相应的溶剂型产品。其次,本发明产品无需添加消光粉或蜡粉等粉料,在生产过程中,无需长时间的高速分散,只需一定时间的中低速分散即可得到分散均匀,储存稳定的水性耐划伤哑油。最后,该发明为水分散体系,施工工艺环保,安全,VOC排放低,对环境和人身健康危害小。
附图说明
图1为实施例一油墨耐指甲划的结果。
图2为现有油墨耐指甲划的结果。
具体实施方式
本发明公开的水性耐划伤哑油由水性聚氨酯、流平剂、消泡剂、聚硅氧烷、流变剂、水、异氰酸酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯组成;其制备方法为,水性聚氨酯、流平剂、消泡剂和聚硅氧烷搅拌后加入流变剂以及水,得到水性耐划伤哑油主剂,为A组分;最后将开稀后的水可分散固化剂即B组分加入主剂中搅拌,得到水性耐划伤哑油;将水性耐划伤哑油涂覆在塑料基底表面,固化,得到耐划伤哑光复材。本发明的水性耐划伤哑油在PET基材以及油墨上都具有优异的附着力、耐溶剂性,较低的光泽,良好的手感,以及极佳的耐划伤性能,且本发明为水性体系,VOC排放较低,符合绿色环保、安全无污染的理念。
本发明所有原料都是现有市售产品,符合油墨领域一般要求,具体牌号可以参见发明内容部分,比如水性聚氨酯为XH-659,聚二甲基硅氧烷为DC-51,助剂为BYK-346、BYK-022、RHEOLATE 299,异氰酸酯为Aquolin-270;所涉及的具体制备方法以及测试方法为本领域常规方法。
实施例一
A组分
B组分
水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂 8份
甲基丙烯酸甲酯 1份
一种水性耐划伤哑油,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将聚二甲基硅氧烷加入水中,200rpm分散5分钟,得到聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液;
将甲基丙烯酸甲酯加入到水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂中,200rpm分散5分钟得到B组分;
将润湿流平剂和消泡剂边搅拌边加入至水性聚氨酯中,以700rpm中速分散10分钟;然后加入聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液和水,将转速调低以400rpm低速搅拌3分钟;最后,边搅拌边加入水性流变剂以400rpm低速继续搅拌6分钟得到主剂,组分A;
按主剂:固化剂:去离子水=100:9:50的重量比例,将开稀的组分B加入到组分A中,200rpm分散3分钟搅拌均匀,得到水性耐划伤哑油。
实施例二
A组分
B组分
水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂 8份
甲基丙烯酸甲酯 1份
一种水性耐划伤哑油,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将聚二甲基硅氧烷加入水中,200rpm分散5分钟,得到聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液;
将甲基丙烯酸甲酯加入到水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂中,200rpm分散5分钟得到B组分;
将润湿流平剂和消泡剂边搅拌边加入至水性聚氨酯中,以600rpm中速分散10分钟;然后加入聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液和水,将转速调低以500rpm低速搅拌3分钟;最后,边搅拌边加入水性流变剂以300rpm低速继续搅拌6分钟得到主剂,组分A;
按主剂:固化剂:去离子水=100:9:50的重量比例,将开稀的组分B加入到组分A中,200rpm分散3分钟搅拌均匀,得到水性耐划伤哑油。
实施例三
A组分
B组分
水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂 9份
甲基丙烯酸甲酯 2份
一种水性耐划伤哑油,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将聚二甲基硅氧烷加入水中,200rpm分散5分钟,得到聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液;
将甲基丙烯酸甲酯加入到水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂中,200rpm分散5分钟得到B组分;
将润湿流平剂和消泡剂边搅拌边加入至水性聚氨酯中,以800rpm中速分散10分钟;然后加入聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液和水,将转速调低以300rpm低速搅拌3分钟;最后,边搅拌边加入水性流变剂以400rpm低速继续搅拌6分钟得到主剂,组分A;
按主剂:固化剂:去离子水=100:9:60的重量比例,将开稀的组分B加入到组分A中,200rpm分散3分钟搅拌均匀,得到水性耐划伤哑油。
对比例一
A组分
B组分
水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂 8份
甲基丙烯酸甲酯 1份
一种水性耐划伤哑油,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将聚二甲基硅氧烷加入水中,200rpm分散5分钟,得到聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液;
将甲基丙烯酸甲酯加入到水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂中,200rpm分散5分钟得到B组分;
将润湿流平剂和消泡剂边搅拌边加入至水性聚氨酯中,以700rpm中速分散10分钟;然后加入聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液和水,将转速调低以400rpm低速搅拌3分钟;最后,边搅拌边加入水性流变剂以400rpm低速继续搅拌6分钟得到主剂,组分A;
按主剂:固化剂:去离子水=100:9:50的重量比例,将开稀的组分B加入到组分A中,200rpm分散3分钟搅拌均匀,得到水性哑油。
对比例二
A组分
B组分
水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂 9份
一种水性耐划伤哑油,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将聚二甲基硅氧烷加入水中,200rpm分散5分钟,得到聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液;
将润湿流平剂和消泡剂边搅拌边加入至水性聚氨酯中,以700rpm中速分散10分钟;然后加入聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液和水,将转速调低以400rpm低速搅拌3分钟;最后,边搅拌边加入水性流变剂以400rpm低速继续搅拌6分钟得到主剂,组分A;
按主剂:固化剂:去离子水=100:9:50的重量比例,将开稀的组分B加入到组分A中,200rpm分散3分钟搅拌均匀,得到水性哑油。
对比例三
A组分
B组分
水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂 8份
甲基丙烯酸甲酯 1份
一种水性耐划伤哑油,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将聚二甲基硅氧烷加入水中,200rpm分散5分钟,得到聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液;
将甲基丙烯酸甲酯加入到水可分散异氰酸酯固化剂中,200rpm分散5分钟得到B组分;
将润湿流平剂和消泡剂边搅拌边加入至水性聚氨酯中,以700rpm中速分散10分钟;然后加入聚二甲基硅氧烷分散液和水,将转速调低以400rpm低速搅拌3分钟;最后,边搅拌边加入水性流变剂以400rpm低速继续搅拌6分钟得到主剂,组分A;
按主剂:固化剂:去离子水=100:9:50的重量比例,将开稀的组分B加入到组分A中,200rpm分散3分钟搅拌均匀,得到水性哑油。
以上述实施例哑油、对比例哑油以及现有市售水性哑油为油墨进行平行试验,体现哑油不同带来不同的技术效果。采用现有微凹涂布工艺将上述哑油涂布于常规PET基材(表面未处理),120℃*30s,表干后,70℃熟化12h后在基材表面形成哑油层,得到耐划伤哑光复材。
表1不同哑油进行同样的测试带来的技术效果
指甲划为五名测试者,分别用拇指指甲划哑油层,力道为在皮肤上有划横但没有疼痛感。图1、图2分别为实施例一油墨、现有油墨耐指甲划的结果。且本发明实施例的漆膜可以抗3N机械性能笔划伤。对比例三的哑油光泽度较差,达到9°。
在实施例一的基础上,将水性聚氨酯更换为同量的水性聚酯,其余不变,制备的油墨光泽大,达到20°;尤其是本发明采用较低的搅拌速度可以取得优异的技术效果。相比较于现有的水性耐划伤哑油,本发明耐划伤性能优异;在多数基材和光油表面附着力良好,且哑度极低;分散制备过程工艺简洁易行能耗低;为水分散体系,生产过程中,有机溶剂挥发少,绿色环保,对环境和人身健康危害小;本发明水性耐划伤哑油经高温完全固化后,各项物性均能媲美相应的溶剂型产品。
Claims (10)
1.耐划伤哑光复材,包括塑料基底与耐划伤哑光涂层;耐划伤哑光涂层由水性耐划伤哑油制备;水性耐划伤哑油包括主剂与固化剂,主剂包括水性聚氨酯、流平剂、消泡剂、聚硅氧烷、流变剂、水;固化剂包括异氰酸酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述耐划伤哑光复材,其特征在于,塑料基底为聚酰亚胺基底或者聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯基底。
3.根据权利要求1所述耐划伤哑光复材,其特征在于,以主剂重量为100份,水性聚氨酯为80~95份,流平剂0.3~0.5份、消泡剂0.1~0.3份、聚硅氧烷0.8~2份、流变剂1~2份、水为余量;异氰酸酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯的重量比为(6~10)∶(1~2)。
4.根据权利要求3所述耐划伤哑光复材,其特征在于,主剂、固化剂、水的重量比为100∶(8~10)∶(40~60)。
5.根据权利要求1所述水性耐划伤哑油,其特征在于,将流平剂、消泡剂加入水性聚氨酯中,中速搅拌,然后加入聚硅氧烷和水的混合液,低速搅拌,最后加入流变剂,低速搅拌,得到主剂;将甲基丙烯酸甲酯加入异氰酸酯中,慢速搅拌,得到固化剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述耐划伤哑光复材,其特征在于,慢速搅拌的速度为150~220rpm,低速搅拌的速度为300~500rpm,中速搅拌的速度为600~800rpm。
7.根据权利要求1所述耐划伤哑光复材,其特征在于,所述水性聚氨酯为水性阴离子聚碳型水性聚氨酯;聚硅氧烷为聚二甲基硅氧烷。
8.权利要求1所述耐划伤哑光复材的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤,水性聚氨酯、流平剂、消泡剂和聚硅氧烷搅拌后加入流变剂以及水,得到主剂;将开稀后固化剂加入主剂,得到水性耐划伤哑油;将水性耐划伤哑油涂覆在塑料基底表面,固化,得到耐划伤哑光复材。
9.根据权利要求8所述耐划伤哑光复材的制备方法,其特征在于,固化为120℃加热30s,然后70℃加热12h。
10.权利要求1所述耐划伤哑光复材在制备哑光耐划材料中的应用。
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