CN112142943A - 一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112142943A
CN112142943A CN202011112409.4A CN202011112409A CN112142943A CN 112142943 A CN112142943 A CN 112142943A CN 202011112409 A CN202011112409 A CN 202011112409A CN 112142943 A CN112142943 A CN 112142943A
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何卫东
姜志国
孙运强
陈苏婷
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,属于清洁用品技术领域。本发明聚氨酯高吸水海绵组成成分按质量份计如下:基料树脂7.5‑15份;交联剂15‑30份;扩链剂0.2‑3份;凝胶催化剂0.1‑3份;发泡催化剂0.2‑10份;匀泡剂0.2‑5份;发泡剂1‑5份。本发明选择聚氨酯为基材,加入一定量扩链剂、凝胶催化剂、发泡催化剂、匀泡剂和发泡剂,采用超临界发泡技术进行发泡,制得具有微米级孔道的聚氨酯泡沫材料。本发明产品的使用在大大提高胶棉吸水量和使用寿命的同时,生产过程中不消耗淀粉和水,解决生产过程中高能耗、高污染的问题,同时解决了困扰拖把行业产品容易发硬的行业难点问题。

Description

一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于清洁用品技术领域,具体涉及一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵及其制备方法。
背景技术
家庭清洁产品广泛采用高分子泡沫材料为基材,特别是自1945年英国维尔特克斯公司成功研制出聚乙烯醇(PVA)缩甲醛泡沫以后,PVA胶棉发泡及生产工艺越来越多样化,在家庭清洁产品中的应用越来越广泛。但是随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对日用品的品质要求也越来越高,传统PVA胶棉的性能不够理想,缺点逐渐凸显:①生产过程需要消耗大量水(生产1吨产品约消耗30吨水),资源消耗高;②生产过程中需要使用淀粉,淀粉的使用会产生较高的化学需氧量,造成水体污染;③材料容易发干发硬,不利于家庭生活使用;④PVA属于热固性材料,不易降解,在美国和欧盟地区属于受限制材料。为了节约能源、降低污染,顺应绿色持续发展的社会主题,亟待开发一种高性能新型胶棉材料。
聚氨酯(PU)一般是指分子结构中含有重复的氨基甲酸酯基(-NHCOO-)的高分子聚合物的总称,随着环保要求越来越严格,水性聚氨酯作为蓬勃发展的新型高分子材料最近几年得到了迅猛发展,正逐步显示出优良而广泛的应用性能,经过大量科研人员的努力,不断提高其性能,使其应用到更多的场合。国内拖把产品所用胶棉材料绝大多数采用聚乙烯醇缩甲醛,未见环保高吸水性聚氨酯胶棉产品相关报道。
发明内容
为解决传统拖把用聚乙烯醇胶棉能耗高、污染重、易发硬、难降解等问题,本发明选择聚氨酯为基材,加入一定量扩链剂、凝胶催化剂、发泡催化剂、匀泡剂和发泡剂,采用超临界发泡技术进行发泡,制得具有微米级孔道的聚氨酯泡沫材料。本发明所用均为环保无毒原料,可通过生物降解,渗入土壤中增加团粘化、透气性和保水性,特别适合土壤改造。
本发明的技术解决方案:
一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,组成成分按如下质量份计:基料树脂7.5-15份;交联剂15-30份;扩链剂0.2-3份;凝胶催化剂0.1-3份;发泡催化剂0.2-10份;匀泡剂0.2-5份;发泡剂1-5份。
优选的,所述基料树脂为植物基多元醇与聚乙二醇共混、植物基多元醇与一缩二乙二醇共混、三羟甲基丙烷、植物基多元醇与季戊四醇共混、植物基多元醇与1,4-丁二醇共混中的一种或多种组成。
优选的,所述交联剂为液态MDI、氢化MDI、TDI、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、聚丙二醇缩水甘油醚中的一种或多种组成。
优选的,所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、二甘醇(DEG)、三甘醇、新戊二醇(NPG)、山梨醇中的一种或多种组成。
优选的,所述凝胶催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、钛酸异丙酯、柠檬酸钛、二丁基羟基氧化锡中的一种或多种组成。
优选的,所述发泡催化剂为双-(2-二甲氨基乙基)醚、二乙烯三胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、4-甲氧基乙基吗啉中的一种或多种组成。
优选的,所述匀泡剂为聚硅烷一氧化烯烃嵌段共聚物硅油。
优选的,所述发泡剂为碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸氢钠、水、正戊烷、正己烷中的一种或多种组成。
拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述质量份比,将基料树脂与交联剂按1:2的比例加入反应釜中搅拌共混,在15-85℃条件下,保持800-8000r/min转速,搅拌0.2-3小时;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应釜中加入扩链剂、凝胶催化剂、发泡催化剂、匀泡剂和发泡剂,在15-85℃条件下搅拌0.5-5小时;
(3)将步骤(2)制得的混合液导入超临界发泡机中,设定温度为30-180℃,发泡1-15分钟,挤出后得到白色拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵。
本发明所使用各原料均为市售所得。
本发明的有益效果:本发明针对传统拖把用聚乙烯醇胶棉能耗高、污染重、易发硬、难降解等问题,选择聚氨酯为基材,加入一定量扩链剂、凝胶催化剂、发泡催化剂、匀泡剂和发泡剂,采用超临界发泡技术进行发泡,制得具有微米级孔道的聚氨酯泡沫材料;本发明产品的使用在大大提高胶棉吸水量和使用寿命的同时,生产过程中不消耗淀粉和水,解决生产过程中高能耗、高污染的问题,同时解决了困扰拖把行业产品容易发硬的行业难点问题。
附图说明
图1为所制备的拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵内部结构的扫描电镜(SEM)图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明,但不限于此。
实施例1
拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,组成成分按质量份计如下:植物基多元醇与聚乙二醇共混的基料树脂10份;液态MDI20份;1,6-己二醇0.5份;钛酸异丙酯0.1份;二乙烯三胺0.2份;聚硅烷一氧化烯烃嵌段共聚物硅油1份;碳酸钙1份。
拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述质量份比,将植物基多元醇与聚乙二醇共混的基料树脂与液态MDI按1:2的比例加入反应釜中搅拌共混,在75℃条件下,保持800r/min转速,搅拌0.2小时;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应釜中加入1,6-己二醇、钛酸异丙酯、二乙烯三胺、聚硅烷一氧化烯烃嵌段共聚物硅油和碳酸钙,在65℃条件下搅拌2小时;
(3)将步骤(2)的混合液导入超临界发泡机中,设定温度为150℃,发泡10分钟,挤出后得到白色拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵。
实施例2
拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,组成成分按质量份计如下:植物基多元醇与1,4-丁二醇共混的基料树脂10份;TDI20份;甘油2份;辛酸亚锡0.2份;双-(2-二甲氨基乙基)醚0.3份;聚硅烷一氧化烯烃嵌段共聚物硅油0.8份;水2份。
拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述质量份比,将植物基多元醇与1,4-丁二醇共混的基料树脂与TDI按1:2的比例加入反应釜中搅拌共混,在85℃条件下,保持1000/min转速,搅拌0.4小时;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应釜中加入甘油、辛酸亚锡、双-(2-二甲氨基乙基)醚、聚硅烷一氧化烯烃嵌段共聚物硅油和水,在75℃条件下搅拌2小时;
(3)将步骤(2)的混合液导入超临界发泡机中,设定温度为160℃,发泡15分钟,挤出后得到白色拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵。
实施例3
拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,组成成分按质量份计如下:植物基多元醇与聚乙二醇共混的基料树脂10份;聚丙二醇缩水甘油醚20份;1,4-丁二醇3份;二月桂酸二丁基锡0.1份;五甲基二亚乙基三胺0.3份;聚硅烷一氧化烯烃嵌段共聚物硅油3份;水3份。
拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述质量份比,将植物基多元醇与聚乙二醇共混的基料树脂与聚丙二醇缩水甘油醚按1:2的比例加入反应釜中搅拌共混,在85℃条件下,保持800r/min转速,搅拌0.8小时;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应釜中加入1,4-丁二醇、二月桂酸二丁基锡、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、聚硅烷一氧化烯烃嵌段共聚物硅油和水,在65℃条件下搅拌1小时;
(3)将步骤(2)的混合液导入超临界发泡机中,设定温度为120℃,发泡15分钟,挤出后得到白色拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵。
一、建议对实施例1~实施例3所制得的聚氨酯高吸水海绵的各项性能指标进行列表,通过数据来支撑本发明的有益效果。(比如密度、吸水倍率、拉伸强度、伸长率、永久压缩变形率等等)
吸水倍率 密度(g/cm<sup>3</sup>) 拉伸强度(MPa) 永久压缩变形率(%)
S1 8 0.032 1.4 4.5
S2 12 0.032 1.4 4.2
S3 18 0.033 1.6 4.1
表1. 实施例1-3聚氨酯高吸水泡沫材料性能参数列表
由表1可见,本发明方法制备的聚氨酯高吸水泡沫材料,其吸水倍率达到18倍,密度介于0.130-0.134 g/cm3之间,拉伸强度高达1.6MPa,永久压缩变形率低于5%,各项性能均优于市场同类吸水海绵材料。
由图1我们可以看出,所制备聚氨酯高吸水泡沫材料具有大量孔道结构,具有良好的吸水性能。
应当理解的是,本发明并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的流程及结构,并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本发明的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,其特征在于:按质量比,组成成分如下:
基料树脂7.5-15份;
交联剂15-30份;
扩链剂0.2-3份;
凝胶催化剂0.1-3份;
发泡催化剂0.2-10份;
匀泡剂0.2-5份;
发泡剂 1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,其特征在于:所述基料树脂为植物基多元醇与聚乙二醇共混、植物基多元醇与一缩二乙二醇共混、三羟甲基丙烷、植物基多元醇与季戊四醇共混、植物基多元醇与1,4-丁二醇共混中的一种或多种组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,其特征在于:所述交联剂为液态MDI、氢化MDI、TDI、三羟甲基丙烷、三羟甲基乙烷、聚丙二醇缩水甘油醚中的一种或多种组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,其特征在于:所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、二甘醇(DEG)、三甘醇、新戊二醇(NPG)、山梨醇中的一种或多种组成。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,其特征在于:所述凝胶催化剂为辛酸亚锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡、钛酸异丙酯、柠檬酸钛、二丁基羟基氧化锡的一种或几种组成。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,其特征在于:所述发泡催化剂为双-(2-二甲氨基乙基)醚、二乙烯三胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、4-甲氧基乙基吗啉中的一种或多种组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,其特征在于:所述匀泡剂为聚硅烷一氧化烯烃嵌段共聚物硅油。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,其特征在于:所述发泡剂为碳酸钙、碳酸镁、碳酸氢钠、水、正戊烷、正己烷中的一种或多种组成。
9.制备如权利要求1所述一种拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)按上述质量份比,将基料树脂与交联剂按1:2的比例加入反应釜中搅拌共混,在15-85℃条件下,保持800-8000r/min转速,搅拌0.2-3小时;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应釜中加入扩链剂、凝胶催化剂、发泡催化剂、匀泡剂和发泡剂,在15-85℃条件下搅拌0.5-5小时;
(3)将步骤(2)的混合液导入超临界发泡机中,设定温度为30-180℃,发泡1-15分钟,挤出后得到白色拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵。
10.根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述拖把用聚氨酯高吸水海绵,其特征在于:所述聚氨酯高吸水海绵具有以下技术指标:密度:0.03-0.035g/m2;吸水倍率>5;拉伸强度>0.35MPa;伸长率>200%;永久压缩变形率<5%,其具有良好的生物降解性能,实现5年内完全降解,同时具有10万次的使用寿命。
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101238162A (zh) * 2005-08-12 2008-08-06 三井化学聚氨酯株式会社 聚氨酯泡沫体用组合物、由该组合物得到的聚氨酯泡沫体及其用途
CN112321791A (zh) * 2020-09-21 2021-02-05 北京化工大学 一种拖把用聚氨酯材料

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101238162A (zh) * 2005-08-12 2008-08-06 三井化学聚氨酯株式会社 聚氨酯泡沫体用组合物、由该组合物得到的聚氨酯泡沫体及其用途
CN112321791A (zh) * 2020-09-21 2021-02-05 北京化工大学 一种拖把用聚氨酯材料

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