CN112138684A - 一种可见光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种可见光催化剂及其制备方法和应用,在四氯化钛中加入盐酸溶液,搅拌均匀后加入碳酸钠溶液至pH 9.0,抽滤、洗涤后得到无定型二氧化钛;继续加入盐酸至pH为1.0,通入氮气排出溶解氧后,加入硫化钠和硫酸亚铁无氧水溶液,搅拌后将上述乳浊液置于水热反应釜中反应,得到纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料。该催化剂可以在自然光和可见光的作用下与甲醛和挥发性有机物进行反应,降解空气中甲醛和挥发性有机物。该催化剂制备方法简单,合成条件温和,在可见光及自然光下实现催化反应,波长响应范围宽,光催化活性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种可见光催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高,室内装修的内容和形式也越来越丰富。一方面,人们享受着各种装修带来的舒适与便捷;另一方面,人们的健康也受到装修带来的有毒有害气体的危害。室内装修所用的胶水、地板、墙布、窗帘、沙发以及各种板材家具,颜色鲜艳的各类涂料、油漆等往往含有大量的甲醛及挥发性有机物(苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯等)。人们如果长期在甲醛及挥发性有机物浓度超标的室内工作或生活,往往会导致头晕、流泪、恶心、胸闷、眼痛以及呼吸道疾病和神经紊乱等症状。更有甚者,会导致白血病、再生障碍性贫血和肺癌等严重危害人们身体健康的疾病。
利用二氧化钛光催化产生电子和空穴,进而生成羟基自由基和超氧负离子降解空气中甲醛及挥发性有机物,是一种净化室内空气、保障人体健康的有效方法。与传统通风法、植物吸收法、活性炭吸附法等空气净化技术相比,光催化空气净化技术具有处理效率高、能耗低和操作简单等优点。然而,二氧化钛的带隙较宽,只能被波长小于387nm的紫外光所激发,导致其可见光利用率低;此外,催化二氧化钛生成的电子和空穴容易复合,量子效率比较低,限制了二氧化钛的光催化效率。为了解决上述问题,人们尝试了多种方法对二氧化钛进行改性,目前常用的改性方法是贵金属掺杂,如Au、Ag和Pt等是最有效的可实现可见光激发的物质。贵金属的费米能级低于二氧化钛,导致光生电子能够有效地从二氧化钛导带转移到金属粒子,减少了电子与空穴的复合率。此外,非金属离子如氮掺杂二氧化钛也能够降低其带隙能级,也被认为是提高二氧化钛光催化活性的有效方法。
上述二氧化钛改性方法虽然能够有效提高其光催化活性,但是也存在一些问题。采用贵金属掺杂二氧化钛,一方面,贵金属价格高,另一方面贵金属对人体和环境存在潜在的健康风险和环境危害。而氮掺杂二氧化钛,往往需要高温煅烧,制备条件要求较高。本发明利用安全、无毒的铁元素和硫元素共掺杂二氧化钛,在相对温和的水热反应条件下制备纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料,实现可见光作用下的强催化活性。硫化亚铁掺杂使二氧化钛带隙中杂质能级被建立,实现了可见光吸收;硫化亚铁本身为半导体材料,在硫化亚铁存在条件下,光生电子能够有效地从一个半导体导带转移另一个半导体导,可以有效地实现电子与空穴分离,增强了光催化活性,拓宽波长响应范围,实现了二氧化钛在可见光或自然光催化性能。
发明内容
解决的技术问题:针对目前二氧化钛只能利用紫外光、光响应波长范围窄、光催化活性低等问题,本发明提供了一种可见光催化剂及其制备方法和应用。在条件相对温和的水热反应条件下制备纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料,实现二氧化钛在可见光及自然光下催化,拓宽波长响应范围,增强二氧化钛光催化活性。
技术方案:一种可见光催化剂的制备方法,制备步骤为:(1)在四氯化钛中加入浓度为12mol/L盐酸溶液,使四氯化钛与盐酸溶液的体积比为1:5,搅拌均匀后加入碳酸钠溶液至pH9.0,抽滤、洗涤后得到无定型二氧化钛;(2)继续加入盐酸至pH为1.0,通入氮气排出溶解氧后,按纳米硫化亚铁占纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料的质量比为1%~10%加入硫化钠和硫酸亚铁无氧水溶液,其中硫化钠与硫酸亚铁摩尔比为1:1,搅拌后将上述乳浊液置于水热反应釜中200~250℃反应10~15h,得到纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料。
上述制备方法制得的可见光催化剂。
上述可见光催化剂在可见光或自然光存在时降解甲醛和挥发性有机物中的应用。
上述挥发性有机物为苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯。
有益效果:(1)本发明可见光催化剂为纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料,制备方法简单,合成条件温和;(2)本发明实现纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料在可见光及自然光下催化,拓宽波长响应范围,增强光催化活性;(3)本发明在可见光或自然光作用下,实现甲醛和苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯等挥发性有机物快速降解。
附图说明
图1为纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料催化剂透射电镜(TEM)图;
图2为纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化复合材料催化剂X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)图。
具体实施方式
下面具体的实施例,对本发明作详细描述。但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
(1)在10mL纯度为99.6%的四氯化钛溶液中加入50mL浓度为12mol/L盐酸溶液,搅拌均匀后加入碳酸钠溶液至pH 9.0,抽滤、洗涤后得到无定型二氧化钛;(2)继续加入盐酸至pH为1.0,通入氮气排出溶解氧后,加入0.065g硫化钠和0.23g七水合硫酸亚铁无氧水溶液,搅拌1h后将上述溶液置于水热反应釜中200℃反应10h,得到纳米硫化亚铁质量比为1%的纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料。
(2)将步骤(1)制得的纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料配成3%的溶液,在甲醛浓度为0.21mg/m3、面积为20m2(体积为58m3)房间的墙面和家具上喷涂2遍共800mL上述溶液,待其自然干燥后,在自然光的作用下,48h后检测该房间空气中甲醛的浓度。污染物去除情况见表1。
(3)将商业纳米二氧化钛配成3%的溶液,在甲醛浓度为0.21mg/m3、面积为20m2(体积为58m3)房间的墙面和家具上喷涂2遍共800mL上述溶液,待其自然干燥后,在自然光的作用下,48h后检测该房间空气中甲醛的浓度。污染物去除情况见表1。
实施例2
(1)在10mL纯度为99.6%的四氯化钛溶液中加入50mL浓度为12mol/L盐酸溶液,搅拌均匀后加入碳酸钠溶液至pH 9.0,抽滤、洗涤后得到无定型二氧化钛;(2)继续加入盐酸至pH为1.0,通入氮气排出溶解氧后,加入0.13g硫化钠和0.46g七水合硫酸亚铁无氧水溶液,搅拌1h后将上述溶液置于水热反应釜中210℃反应10h,得到纳米硫化亚铁质量比为2%的纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料。
(2)将步骤(1)制得的纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料配成3%的溶液,在苯浓度为0.19mg/m3、甲苯浓度为0.43mg/m3、乙苯浓度为0.24mg/m3、二甲苯浓度为0.31mg/m3、面积为20m2(体积为58m3)房间的墙面和家具上喷涂2遍共800mL上述溶液,待其自然干燥后,在自然光的作用下,48h后检测该房间空气中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯浓度。污染物去除情况见表1。
(3)将商业纳米二氧化钛配成3%的溶液,在苯浓度为0.19mg/m3、甲苯浓度为0.43mg/m3、乙苯浓度为0.24mg/m3、二甲苯浓度为0.31mg/m3、面积为20m2(体积为58m3)房间的墙面和家具上喷涂2遍共800mL上述溶液,待其自然干燥后,在自然光的作用下,48h后检测该房间空气中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯浓度。污染物去除情况见表1。
实施例3
(1)在10mL纯度为99.6%的四氯化钛溶液中加入50mL浓度为12mol/L盐酸溶液,搅拌均匀后加入碳酸钠溶液至pH 9.0,抽滤、洗涤后得到无定型二氧化钛;(2)继续加入盐酸至pH为1.0,通入氮气排出溶解氧后,加入0.33g硫化钠和1.15g七水合硫酸亚铁无氧水溶液,搅拌1h后将上述溶液置于水热反应釜中230℃反应10h,得到纳米硫化亚铁质量比为5%的纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料。
(2)将步骤(1)制得的纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料配成3%的溶液,在甲醛浓度为0.33mg/m3、苯浓度0.22mg/m3、甲苯浓度为0.27mg/m3、乙苯浓度为0.30mg/m3、二甲苯浓度为0.39mg/m3、面积为20m2(体积为58m3)房间的墙面和家具上喷涂2遍共800mL上述溶液,待其自然干燥后,开启24w日光灯,48h后检测该房间空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的浓度。污染物去除情况见表1。
(3)将商业纳米二氧化钛配成3%的溶液,在甲醛浓度为0.33mg/m3、苯浓度0.22mg/m3、甲苯浓度为0.27mg/m3、乙苯浓度为0.30mg/m3、二甲苯浓度为0.39mg/m3、面积为20m2(体积为58m3)房间的墙面和家具上喷涂2遍共800mL上述溶液,待其自然干燥后,开启24w日光灯,48h后检测该房间空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯的浓度。污染物去除情况见表1。
实施例4
(1)在10mL纯度为99.6%的四氯化钛溶液中加入50mL浓度为12mol/L盐酸溶液,搅拌均匀后加入碳酸钠溶液至pH 9.0,抽滤、洗涤后得到无定型二氧化钛;(2)继续加入盐酸至pH为1.0,通入氮气排出溶解氧后,加入0.65g硫化钠和2.30g七水合硫酸亚铁无氧水溶液,搅拌1h后将上述溶液置于水热反应釜中250℃反应10h,得到纳米硫化亚铁质量比为10%的纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料。
(2)将步骤(1)制得的纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料配成3%的溶液,在甲醛浓度为0.27mg/m3、苯浓度0.30mg/m3、甲苯浓度为0.22mg/m3、乙苯浓度为0.16mg/m3、二甲苯浓度为0.24mg/m3、面积为20m2(体积为58m3)房间的墙面和家具上喷涂2遍共800mL上述溶液,待其自然干燥后,开启24w日光灯,48h后检测该房间空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯和二甲苯的浓度。污染物去除情况见表1。
(3)将商业纳米二氧化钛配成3%的溶液,在甲醛浓度为0.27mg/m3、苯浓度0.30mg/m3、甲苯浓度为0.22mg/m3、乙苯浓度为0.16mg/m3、二甲苯浓度为0.24mg/m3、面积为20m2(体积为58m3)房间的墙面和家具上喷涂2遍共800mL上述溶液,待其自然干燥后,开启24w日光灯,48h后检测该房间空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯和二甲苯的浓度。污染物去除情况见表1。
表1纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料催化剂对空气中污染物去除情况
由表1的结果可知,纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料在自然光及可见光的作用下可发生催化作用,实现甲醛及挥发性有机物有效降解,其催化活性远高于商业纳米二氧化钛。其中,在24w日光灯作用下,纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料对空气中甲苯的去除率最大可以达到88.9%,远高于同等条件下商业纳米二氧化钛对对空气中甲苯的去除率(37.0%)。
以上示意性地对本发明创造及其实施方式进行了描述,该描述没有限制性,所以,如果本领域技术人员受其启示,在不脱离本创造宗旨的情况下,不经创造性的设计出与该技术方案相似的结构方式及实施例,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种可见光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于制备步骤为:(1)在四氯化钛中加入浓度为12mol/L盐酸溶液,使四氯化钛与盐酸溶液的体积比为1:5,搅拌均匀后加入碳酸钠溶液至pH 9.0,抽滤、洗涤后得到无定型二氧化钛;(2)继续加入盐酸至pH为1.0,通入氮气排出溶解氧后,按纳米硫化亚铁占纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料的质量比为1%~10%加入硫化钠和硫酸亚铁无氧水溶液,其中硫化钠与硫酸亚铁摩尔比为1:1,搅拌后将上述乳浊液置于水热反应釜中200~250 ℃反应10~15 h,得到纳米硫化亚铁/二氧化钛复合材料。
2.权利要求1所述制备方法制得的可见光催化剂。
3.权利要求2所述可见光催化剂在可见光或自然光存在时降解甲醛和挥发性有机物中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于所述的挥发性有机物为苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯。
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