CN112121795A - 一种银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将二水合铋酸钠固体分散在去离子水中,并高速搅拌分散形成悬浊液A;(2)在得到的悬浊液中继续加入硝酸银固体,在室温下搅拌分散至少0.5~1h,形成悬浊液B;(3)将得到的悬浊液B置于含聚四氟乙烯内村的容器内,并升温至413~453K,进行水热合成反应;(4)反应后的产物冷却至室温,并经过离心分离弃除上清液,得到的沉淀物经过去离子水清洗至中性后,用无水乙醇离心清洗若干次,得到的沉淀物经过烘干,完成。本发明的Ag‑Bi2O4催化剂具有结构简单、合成方便,在降解抗生素方面显示出较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明本发明属于水污染技术领域,具体涉及一种银掺杂改性四氧化二铋(Ag-Bi2O4)催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
抗生素的过度使用对人类与生态环境逐渐造成极大威胁,为了降低抗生素对生态环境和人类健康的影响,国内外对抗生素的处理研究也在不断深入。近年来,压电催化技术作为一种先进的废水处理技术,因其高效的能量转化和环境友好而受到广泛关注。
处理水体中抗生素,传统的技术主要有吸附、过滤、絮凝沉降、膜分离、生物处理等,但都存在着一定应用、处理和成本上的缺陷或难题。比如生物法处理污废水时,其操作周期较长且处理过程中的生物活性经常会受到外界因素干扰等;絮凝沉降、膜分离、吸附等方法是对污染物进行相的转变(水相-固相),对于污染物的处理存在不彻底、无法实现深度处理、制备吸附材料的成本高、不能循环使用、可能造成二次污染等问题,无法满足现阶段治理污染物的要求。目前,水污染的处理方法的研究主要集中在高级氧化技术方面,包括臭氧氧化法、芬顿法、光催化氧化法和压电催化法等。
压电催化是一种将机械能转化为化学能的方式;即是在外部机械力的作用下压电材料的表面会因为压电效应而感应出电荷,若这些电荷的电势超过一定的值,那么它们将参与到相应的化学反应中去。由于金属铋的氧化物是一种简单的二元氧化物,作为压电催化剂具有结构简单、合成方便、稳定安全、高活性、在常温常压条件下反应等优点,显示出较好的应用前景。但目前的金属铋的氧化物Bi2O3直接作为压电催化剂的电子捕捉效率交底导致催化活性不够,在复杂环境下的压电催化降解污水中抗生素磺胺甲基嘧啶等有机物的效率还有待提高。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种简单便捷的路线来制备银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂,得到的银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂对污水中磺胺甲基嘧啶的压电催化降解具有显著优点,具有更高的催化效率。
发明内容:为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术手段为:一种银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将二水合铋酸钠固体分散在去离子水中,并高速搅拌分散形成悬浊液A;
(2)在步骤(1)得到的悬浊液中继续加入硝酸银固体,在室温下搅拌分散至少0.5~1h,形成悬浊液B;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的悬浊液B置于含聚四氟乙烯内村的容器内,并升温至413~453K,进行水热合成反应5~24h;
(4)反应后的产物冷却至室温,并经过离心分离弃除上清液,得到的沉淀物经过去离子水清洗至中性后,用无水乙醇离心清洗若干次,得到的沉淀物经过烘干,得到银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂。
作为优选方案,所述二水合铋酸钠的添加量为20~50g/L,所述硝酸银的添加量为0.2~1.7g/L。
作为优选方案,步骤(3)中水热合成反应的温度为433K,反应时间是12h。
作为优选方案,步骤(4)中所述烘干的温度为313~343K,所述离心机转速为7500rpm/min。
有益效果:相比于现有技术,1、本发明通过贵金属银掺杂改性Bi2O4压电催化剂,银作为掺杂材料作为电子捕捉器,有助于半导体的电荷分离,与不掺杂材料相比,掺杂银的催化剂压电催化活性更高。得到的Ag-Bi2O4催化剂具有优异的电子分离和转移性能,在压电催化降解水中的抗生素时比Bi2O4压电催化剂效率更加的高,效果更加的好。本发明催化剂在降解抗生素方面显示出较好的应用前景。2、本发明的Ag-Bi2O4催化剂具有结构简单、合成方便、在常温常压条件下反应等优点
附图说明
图1是本发明实例1和对比例1所制备的Ag-Bi2O4和Bi2O4催化剂的X射线衍射谱图(XRD)。
图2是本发明实例1和对比例1所得的(3%)Ag-Bi2O4、Bi2O4催化剂对磺胺甲基嘧啶降解效率对比曲线图。
图3是本发明实例1、实例2和对比例1所得的(1~5%)Ag-Bi2O4、Bi2O4压电催化降解磺胺甲基嘧啶的降解效率对比曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并以具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明。应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。实例1:(3%)Ag-Bi2O4的制备及应用
(1)采用水热合成法制备Ag-Bi2O4催化剂,称取0.56g二水合铋酸钠(NaBiO3·2H2O)固体,将NaBiO3·2H2O加入20mL去离子水中,于室温下搅拌30min,使其完全分散形成悬浊液A;
(2)称取0.0202g硝酸银(AgNO3)固体,将AgNO3固体加入到上述悬浊液A中,于室温下搅拌1h,使其形成悬浊液B。
(3)将上述悬浊液B置于50mL内衬聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢高压反应釜中进行水热合成,反应温度433K,反应时间12h,自然冷却至室温后进行离心处理,离心转速7500rpm,离心时间5分钟,弃上清液,沉淀物用去离子水清洗并离心到中性,再用无水乙醇清洗并离心处理3次,离心后的沉淀物在328K下烘干,得到3%银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂。
(4)以(3)得到的催化剂压电催化降解磺胺甲基嘧啶。配制50mL初始浓度20mg/L的磺胺甲基嘧啶于100mL烧杯中,(3%)Ag-Bi2O4催化剂加入量0.04g,在避光的条件下进行超声(频率:40kHz,功率300W),温度为300K。反应时间2h后,使用高效液相色谱仪检测磺胺甲基嘧啶浓度。
从图1的表征结果可以看出,在Ag-Bi2O4和Bi2O4的XRD谱图中可以看出,掺杂少量的Ag后,所有的衍射峰明显的变强。
对比例1:Bi2O4的制备及应用
对于对比例1,以Bi2O4为催化剂,压电催化降解磺胺甲基嘧啶。采用水热合成法制备Bi2O4催化剂,称取0.56g二水合铋酸钠(NaBiO3·2H2O)固体,将NaBiO3·2H2O加入20mL去离子水中,于室温下搅拌30min,使其完全分散形成悬浊液A;
(2)将上述悬浊液A置于50mL内衬聚四氟乙烯的不锈钢高压反应釜中进行水热合成,反应温度433K,反应时间12h,自然冷却至室温后进行离心处理,离心转速7500rpm,离心时间5分钟,弃上清液,沉淀物用去离子水清洗并离心到中性,再用无水乙醇清洗并离心处理3次,离心后的沉淀物在328K下烘干,得到四氧化二铋压电催化剂。
与实例1相同的反应条件下,Bi2O4在2h内对磺胺甲基嘧啶压电催化降解效率大约65%。可见相同的条件下,Ag-Bi2O4催化剂比Bi2O4催化剂具有更高的压电催化活性。
实例2:(1%,2%,4%,5%)Ag-Bi2O4的制备及应用
(1)分别称取0.0067g,0.0135g,0.0269g和0.0337g的AgNO3,将实例1中0.0202g的AgNO3分别换成0.0067g,0.0135g,0.0269g和0.0337g的硝酸银。其他操作步骤和实例1中(1)、(2)、(3)相同,制备出(1%,2%,4%,5%)Ag-Bi2O4。
分别以(1%,2%,4%,5%)Ag-Bi2O4为催化剂,与实例1相同的反应条件下压电催化降解磺胺甲基嘧啶。(1%,2%,4%,5%)Ag-Bi2O4均比Bi2O4具有更高的压电催化活性,
从图3可知,本发明得到的银掺杂催化剂Ag-Bi2O4相对于Bi2O4具有更强的催化的活性。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将二水合铋酸钠固体分散在去离子水中,并高速搅拌分散形成悬浊液A;
(2)在步骤(1)得到的悬浊液中继续加入硝酸银固体,在室温下搅拌分散至少0.5~1h,形成悬浊液B;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的悬浊液B置于含聚四氟乙烯内村的容器内,并升温至413~453K,进行水热合成反应5~24h;
(4)反应后的产物冷却至室温,并经过离心分离弃除上清液,得到的沉淀物经过去离子水清洗至中性后,用无水乙醇离心清洗若干次,得到的沉淀物经过烘干,得到银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二水合铋酸钠的添加量为20~50g/L,所述硝酸银的添加量为0.2~1.7g/L。
3.根据权利要求1所述银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中水热合成反应的温度为433K,反应时间是12h。
4.根据权利要求1所述银掺杂改性四氧化二铋压电催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述烘干的温度为313~343K,所述离心机转速为7500rpm/min。
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