CN112081575B - Multi-field coupling coal bed gas well surrounding rock deformation visual simulation device and method - Google Patents
Multi-field coupling coal bed gas well surrounding rock deformation visual simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 152
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/006—Measuring wall stresses in the borehole
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visual simulation device and a visual simulation method for deformation of rocks around a coal bed gas well under multi-field coupling, and the visual simulation device comprises a visual drilling physical simulation test system, a drilling machine simulation system, an electric heating temperature loading system, a hydraulic loading system, a gas simulation system and a control system, wherein the visual drilling physical simulation test system comprises a fixed bearing plate and five movable bearing plates, the fixed bearing plate and the five movable bearing plates form a cube sealing chamber, the cube sealing chamber is used for loading a coal rock test piece, and the pressurizing directions of the five movable bearing plates are all vertical to the plane of the cube sealing chamber; the drilling machine simulation system, the electric heating temperature loading system, the hydraulic loading system and the gas simulation system are electrically connected with the control system. The influence of the disturbance multi-field coupling effect of the drilling engineering on the simulation result is considered, the simulation environment is closer to the actual stratum environment, the deformation and damage conditions of the rock around the well in the drilling process can be visually monitored, the simulation result is more accurate, and the drilling process of the coal bed gas horizontal well is guaranteed to be completed smoothly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal bed gas horizontal well drilling simulation tests, in particular to a visual simulation device and method for deformation of rock around a coal bed gas well under multi-field coupling.
Background
Coal bed gas is a natural, self-contained, unconventional natural gas formed and stored in coal seams, and mainly consists of methane (with a content of over 95%) and a very small amount of heavier hydrocarbons (mostly ethane and propane), as well as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Coal bed gas resources in China are extremely rich, but the coal bed gas resources generally belong to low-pressure, low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs, so that the coal bed gas is difficult to extract and has poor effect. Therefore, in the coal bed gas mining process, people often extract coal rock samples from a coal reservoir to analyze the stability of the well wall, and the aim is to analyze the temperature and the stress of rocks around the well, the coal bed gas seepage and rheological rules, the deformation and damage conditions and the like through various thermodynamic experiments, so that a reasonable drilling fluid density window is determined, and the drilling process of the coal bed gas horizontal well is ensured to be successfully completed.
In the process of exploiting the coal bed gas horizontal well, the problem of stability of the well bore is increasingly prominent, and instability damage of rocks around the coal bed gas well is a complex thermodynamic problem which is comprehensively influenced by factors such as stress, temperature and a gas seepage field under disturbance of drilling engineering and under the action of multi-field coupling. The original stratum environment is damaged in the coal bed gas well drilling process, the original structure of coal rock around the well is seriously damaged under the influence of the change of factors such as crustal stress redistribution, a temperature field, a gas seepage field and the like, the coal rock is broken and cracks develop, the mechanical strength of the coal rock is remarkably reduced, and the stability of the well wall of the coal bed gas horizontal well is influenced.
Horizontal well mining is the main drilling means for coal bed gas development, but the research on the stability of a horizontal well borehole is rare. Unstable drilling fluid performance, unreasonable density window design, uneven aeration of clean water and the like are main reasons for coal bed damage and well wall instability of the horizontal section of the underbalanced multilateral well drilling. The instability mechanical mechanism of coal rock around the coal bed gas reservoir well is represented by a coal rock and coal bed gas multi-field coupling thermodynamic evolution process influenced by the self structure and the change of the stratum environment. At present, under the conditions of redistribution of geostress, damage to the original formation temperature, accumulation of coal bed gas and the like caused by disturbance of drilling engineering, research on the thermodynamic behavior characteristics of coal rock and coal bed gas multi-field coupling is rarely reported, the basic theory and key technical results of well periphery stability are very poor, a field pilot experiment for researching the well periphery stability of a coal bed gas horizontal well is lacked, a relatively accurate theoretical model for quantitatively determining fracture pressure and collapse pressure is not available, the mechanism of well periphery instability is not clear, and effective blowout prevention and collapse prevention measures of the coal bed gas horizontal well are lacked.
At present, conventional triaxial mechanical experiment devices (pseudo triaxial experiment devices, true triaxial experiment devices and the like) are mainly used for conducting triaxial mechanical property test, deformation damage, gas seepage condition analysis and the like on a standard cylinder coal rock test piece, but experiment environment conditions provided by the experiment devices are greatly different from the actual condition of underground stratum environment of a coal bed gas well, the obvious influence of drilling engineering disturbance on an experiment result is ignored, the deformation damage condition, stress, temperature and coal bed gas seepage change condition of the surrounding rock of the coal bed gas horizontal well under the drilling engineering disturbance cannot be reflected, the reliability of the experiment result is very limited, and powerful construction guidance cannot be provided for smoothly completing the drilling process of the coal bed gas horizontal well.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a visual simulation device and method for deformation of surrounding rocks of a coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling, and solves the technical problems that the prior art and device cannot obtain deformation destruction rules of the surrounding rocks of the coal-bed gas well under the disturbance multi-field coupling action of drilling engineering, change rules of a stress field, a temperature field and a coal-bed gas seepage field, simulation test environment is not close to the stratum environment of an actual drilling process, and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the visual simulation device for deformation of the rocks around the coal bed gas well under multi-field coupling comprises a visual drilling physical simulation test system, a drilling machine simulation system, an electric heating temperature loading system, a hydraulic loading system, a gas simulation system and a control system, wherein the visual drilling physical simulation test system comprises a fixed bearing plate and five movable bearing plates, the fixed bearing plate and the five movable bearing plates form a square sealing chamber, the square sealing chamber is used for loading a coal rock test piece, and the pressurizing directions of the five movable bearing plates are all perpendicular to the plane of the square sealing chamber;
the drilling machine simulation system comprises a driving device, a hollow drill rod, a sleeve, a drill bit and a gas-liquid separator, wherein the hollow drill rod is rotatably arranged in the sleeve in a penetrating manner, one end of the hollow drill rod is connected with the driving device, the drill bit is fixed at the other end of the hollow drill rod, the hollow drill rod and the sleeve form an annular space, the gas-liquid separator is arranged in the annular space, a gas channel of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a gas measuring device, and a liquid channel of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a liquid collecting device;
the drilling machine simulation system is used for drilling a coal rock test piece in the square sealing chamber;
the electric heating temperature loading system is used for carrying out temperature loading on the coal rock test piece in the square sealing chamber;
the hydraulic loading system is used for carrying out pressure loading on the coal rock test piece in the square sealing chamber;
the gas simulation system is used for carrying out gas loading on the coal rock test piece in the square sealing chamber;
the drilling machine simulation system, the electric heating temperature loading system, the hydraulic loading system and the gas simulation system are electrically connected with the control system.
Further, still include fixed stop, fixed bearing plate is fixed on the fixed stop, fixed stop with the center department of fixed bearing plate all is provided with the glass window, seted up on the glass window and run through to the drill bit mounting hole in the square sealed chamber, the sleeve passes through the drill bit mounting hole carries out the simulation drilling test, it has the hatch door to articulate on the drill bit mounting hole.
Further, be array arrangement pressure sensor and temperature sensor in the sealed indoor coal petrography test piece of square, run through on fixed bearing plate and the fixed stop and offer and be used for the aperture of pressure sensor and temperature sensor wiring export, the inner wall of aperture passes through the sealing washer and seals.
Further, all be provided with hydraulic loading system on five removal bearing plates, hydraulic loading system includes hydraulic action ware, centering pressure disk, last item and briquetting, the outside of five removal bearing plates is fixed with the briquetting, the one end of last item with the center of briquetting is fixed, the other end with the center of centering pressure disk is fixed, centering pressure disk is kept away from the center of last item one end with the hydraulic telescopic shaft of hydraulic action ware is fixed, the hydraulic pressure input and the hydraulic pressure source intercommunication of hydraulic action ware, last hydraulic servo valve, load sensor and the displacement sensor of being provided with of hydraulic action ware.
Further, electrical heating temperature loading system includes electrical heating temperature board, the outside of five removal bearing plates all is provided with electrical heating temperature board.
Further, the gas simulation system comprises a methane tank, the five movable pressure bearing plates are communicated with an air outlet pipe of the methane tank through an air inlet pipe, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe.
Further, the gas measuring device comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder and a gas measuring instrument, a gas outlet hole penetrating into the square sealing chamber is formed in the glass window, the high-pressure gas cylinder is connected to the gas outlet hole through a gas pipe or communicated with a gas channel outlet on the gas-liquid separator through a gas pipe, the gas measuring instrument is arranged on the gas pipe, and the inner wall of the gas outlet hole and the gas channel outlet and the gas pipe are sealed through a sealing ring.
Further, the liquid collecting device comprises a liquid collector, the liquid collector is communicated with a liquid channel outlet on the gas-liquid separator through a water pipe, and the inner wall of the liquid channel outlet is sealed through a sealing ring between the water pipe and the liquid channel outlet.
A simulation method of a coal bed gas well surrounding rock deformation visualization simulation device under multi-field coupling comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing cube coal rock test pieces with the pressure sensors and the temperature sensors distributed around the well in an array manner, and then installing the coal rock test pieces in the cube sealing chamber;
s2, closing the hatch door on the fixed baffle, and communicating the high-pressure gas cylinder with a gas channel outlet on the gas-liquid separator through a gas pipe;
s3, inputting the initial stress conditions of the coal rock test piece through the control system, namely maximum and minimum horizontal ground stress, overburden pressure value, reservoir initial temperature value, reservoir initial pressure value and reservoir initial coal bed methane seepage condition;
s4, the hydraulic loading system receives the pressure signal output by the control system, and the coal rock test piece is automatically slowly pressurized to a preset value in 5 directions through the five movable bearing plates; the gas simulation system receives a coal bed gas seepage signal output by the control system, and injects methane gas to the coal rock test piece through the gas inlet pipe to reach a preset coal bed gas seepage condition; the electric heating temperature loading system receives a temperature signal output by the control system, and heats the coal rock test piece to a preset value through the electric heating temperature plate;
s5, opening the cabin door on the fixed baffle, placing the drill bit on the outer surface of the coal rock test piece in the cubic sealed chamber through the drill bit mounting hole, receiving a power signal output by a control system by the driving device, driving the hollow drill rod to rotate, driving the drill bit to rotate through the hollow drill rod, and meanwhile, delivering water to the drill bit through the inside of the hollow drill rod to start a simulated drilling process;
s6, measuring the airflow speed and the flow of the coal bed gas by the gas in the drilling process through the high-pressure gas cylinder and the gas meter, reflecting the seepage condition of the coal bed gas in the drilling process, and feeding back the measured data to the control system; measuring the temperature and stress around the well in real time through the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and reflecting the dynamic change rule of the temperature and stress of rock around the well in the drilling process; meanwhile, a high-definition camera is erected on one side, close to the glass window, of the fixed baffle, and the conditions of crack initiation and deformation damage of rock cracks around the well in the simulation test process are observed through the high-definition camera, so that visualization is realized;
s7, obtaining dynamic relation curves of rock deformation damage conditions around the well, rock temperature around the well, stress, coal bed gas seepage and well drilling time under the condition that reservoir pressure, temperature, geostress and coal bed gas seepage conditions are not changed through the data obtained by the simulation test;
s8, changing the initial pressure condition of the coal rock test piece through the hydraulic loading system for testing, changing the initial temperature condition of the coal rock test piece through the electric heating temperature loading system for testing, changing the initial coal bed gas seepage condition of a coal rock reservoir through the gas simulation system for testing, changing the borehole size through changing drill bits with different sizes for testing, and changing the drilling speed through the driving device for testing, so that visual physical simulation tests are carried out on the drilling process of the coal bed gas well under different parameter states, and the influences of the factors on the deformation damage of the rock around the coal bed gas well, the borehole wall stress, the temperature and the change rule of the coal bed gas seepage in the drilling process can be analyzed.
Further, the visual simulation method for deformation of the rock around the coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing cube coal rock test pieces with the pressure sensors and the temperature sensors distributed in an array manner around the well, simultaneously prefabricating a well hole on the coal rock test pieces, arranging strain gauges in the well hole along the circumferential direction of the well, and then installing the coal rock test pieces in the cube sealing chamber;
s2, closing the cabin door on the fixed baffle, and closing an air outlet hole penetrating into the square sealed chamber on the glass window;
s3, inputting the initial stress conditions of the coal rock test piece through the control system, namely maximum and minimum horizontal ground stress, overburden pressure value, reservoir initial temperature value, reservoir initial pressure value and reservoir initial coal bed gas seepage condition;
s4, firstly, the gas simulation system receives a coal bed gas seepage signal output by the control system, methane gas is injected into the coal rock test piece through the gas inlet pipe to reach a preset coal bed gas seepage condition, the electric heating temperature loading system receives a temperature signal output by the control system, and the coal rock test piece is heated to a preset value through the electric heating temperature plate;
s5, receiving the pressure signal output by the control system, automatically and slowly pressurizing the coal rock test piece in 5 directions to preset values through the five movable pressure bearing plates by the hydraulic loading system, simultaneously opening an air outlet penetrating into the square sealing chamber on the glass window, communicating the high-pressure air cylinder with the air outlet through an air pipe, and starting to perform a simulated drilling process;
s6, measuring the gas flow rate and flow rate of the coal bed gas by the gas meter and the high-pressure gas cylinder in the drilling process, reflecting the seepage condition of the coal bed gas in the drilling process, and feeding back the measured data to the control system; measuring the temperature and stress around the well in real time through the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and reflecting the dynamic change rule of the temperature and the stress of rock around the well in the drilling process; reflecting the deformation quantity condition of the rock around the well through the strain gauge; meanwhile, a high-definition camera is erected on one side, close to the glass window, of the fixed baffle, and the conditions of crack initiation and deformation damage of rock cracks around the well in the simulation test process are observed through the high-definition camera, so that visualization is realized;
s7, changing the initial pressure condition of the coal rock test piece through the hydraulic loading system for testing, changing the initial temperature condition of the coal rock test piece through the electric heating temperature loading system for testing, changing the initial coal bed gas seepage condition of a coal rock reservoir through the gas simulation system for testing, prefabricating boreholes with different sizes on the coal rock test piece for testing, and changing the temperature, the pressure and the coal bed gas loading speed for testing, so that visual physical simulation tests are realized on the coal bed gas well drilling process under different parameter states, and the influences of the factors on the rock deformation damage around the coal bed gas well, the borehole wall stress, the temperature and the coal bed gas seepage change rule in the drilling process can be analyzed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the visual simulation device and method for deformation of the surrounding rock of the coal bed gas well under multi-field coupling realize visual dynamic monitoring of deformation and damage conditions of the surrounding rock of the coal bed gas horizontal well in the drilling process.
(2) The device and the method for visually simulating the deformation of the rock around the coal bed gas well under multi-field coupling realize the real-time dynamic monitoring of the stress and temperature of the rock around the coal bed gas horizontal well and the change condition of the coal bed gas seepage flow in the drilling process.
(3) The visual simulation device and method for deformation of the rock around the coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling can provide a simulation test environment which can be used for simultaneously pressurizing, heating and aerating in five directions and is more consistent with the stratum environment in the actual drilling process, so that the simulation test result is higher in accuracy;
(4) the visual simulation device and method for deformation of the surrounding rock of the coal bed gas well under multi-field coupling can analyze the influence of various factors (such as triaxial stress, formation temperature, coal bed gas seepage, drilling speed and well bore size) on deformation damage of the surrounding rock of the coal bed gas well, well wall stress, temperature and change rule of the coal bed gas seepage in the drilling process;
(5) the device and the method for visually simulating the deformation of the rock around the coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling can provide important basis for determining a reasonable drilling fluid density window, analyzing the pollution damage condition of the coal-bed gas reservoir in the drilling process, preventing blowout and collapse of the coal-bed gas horizontal well and researching the stability of the well wall, and ensure that the drilling process of the coal-bed gas horizontal well is smoothly completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a visual simulation device for deformation of rock around a coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a visual drilling physical simulation test system in the visual simulation device for deformation of the rock around the coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a square sealed chamber in the device for visually simulating deformation of rock around a coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling;
in the figure, 1-fixed bearing plate, 2-moving bearing plate, 3-hollow drill rod, 4-sleeve, 5-drill bit, 6-annular space, 7-gas-liquid separator, 8-fixed baffle, 9-pressure sensor, 10-temperature sensor, 11-hydraulic pressure source, 12-hydraulic actuator, 13-centering pressure plate, 14-pressure shaft, 15-pressure block, 16-electric heating temperature plate, 17-methane tank, 18-high pressure gas cylinder, 19-gas meter, 20-liquid collector, 21-cabin door, 22-drill bit mounting hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the visual simulation device for deformation of the rocks around the coal bed gas well under multi-field coupling comprises a visual drilling physical simulation test system, a drilling machine simulation system, an electric heating temperature loading system, a hydraulic loading system, a gas simulation system and a control system, wherein the visual drilling physical simulation test system comprises a fixed pressure bearing plate 1 and five movable pressure bearing plates 2, the fixed pressure bearing plate 1 and the five movable pressure bearing plates 2 form a cube sealing chamber, the cube sealing chamber is used for loading a coal rock test piece, and the pressurizing directions of the five movable pressure bearing plates 2 are perpendicular to the plane of the cube sealing chamber; the drilling machine simulation system, the electric heating temperature loading system, the hydraulic loading system and the gas simulation system are electrically connected with the control system.
The concrete structure of the cube sealing chamber is as follows: the mutual connection positions of the fixed bearing plate 1 and the five movable bearing plates 2 are sealed and fixed by adopting rubber materials, a cube sealing chamber has certain extensibility by using the rubber materials, the movable bearing plates 2 press the coal rock test piece by moving, and the fixed bearing plate 1 and the five movable bearing plates 2 are not contacted with each other, so that the five movable bearing plates 2 can move simultaneously to press, and the stress condition of the coal rock test piece in the cube sealing chamber is closer to the actual stratum pressure environment; meanwhile, the inner surfaces of the fixed bearing plate 1 and the five movable bearing plates 2 are designed into honeycomb-like micro holes so as to be attached to coal bed gas occurrence conditions required by a simulation test.
As shown in fig. 3, the drilling machine simulation system is used for drilling a coal rock test piece in a squaring body sealed chamber, and comprises a driving device, a hollow drill rod 3, a sleeve 4, a drill bit 5 and a gas-liquid separator 7, wherein the hollow drill rod 3 is rotatably arranged in the sleeve 4 in a penetrating manner, one end of the hollow drill rod 3 is connected with the driving device, the other end of the hollow drill rod 3 is fixedly provided with the drill bit 5, the hollow drill rod 3 and the sleeve 4 form an annular space 6, the gas-liquid separator 7 is arranged in the annular space 6, a gas channel of the gas-liquid separator 7 is connected with a gas measuring device, and a liquid channel of the gas-liquid separator 7 is connected with a liquid collecting device;
realize simulation drilling test process through rig analog system, drive arrangement receives control system's drive signal, it rotates to drive hollow drill rod 3, and then hollow drill rod drive drill bit 5 rotates, rotate through drill bit 5 and carry out the drilling operation to the coal petrography test piece in the positive cube sealed chamber, at the drilling in-process, through the inside 5 water delivery to front end drill bit of hollow drill rod 3, simulation drilling fluid function is cooled down drill bit 5, carry detritus and wash well etc. simultaneously, at the drilling in-process, the seepage flow takes place for the coal bed gas in the coal petrography test piece, the gas of seepage flow and the reverse liquid of arranging of drill bit department pass through annular space 6 and enter into gas-liquid separator 7 in, realize the separation of gas-liquid through gas-liquid separator 7: gas enters a gas measuring device through a gas channel, and the measurement of the seepage flow rate and the flow of the coal bed gas is realized through the gas measuring device; liquid enters the liquid collecting device through the liquid channel, and water is returned to the drilling machine simulation system after being treated by the liquid collecting device, so that the cyclic utilization of the water is realized. The driving device is driven by a motor.
The electric heating temperature loading system is used for carrying out temperature loading on the coal rock test piece in the square sealing chamber; the electric heating temperature loading system comprises an electric heating temperature plate 16, and the electric heating temperature plate 16 is arranged on the outer sides of the five movable bearing plates 2.
The electric heating temperature loading system receives a heating signal of the control system, the electric heating temperature plates 16 start to work, and the electric heating temperature plates 16 on the five movable bearing plates 2 simultaneously heat the coal rock test piece in the square sealing chamber, so that the temperature environment of the coal rock test piece is closer to the formation temperature environment in the actual drilling process.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the hydraulic loading system is used for performing pressure loading on a coal rock test piece in a squaring sealed chamber, the hydraulic loading system is arranged on each of five movable pressure bearing plates 2, and comprises a hydraulic actuator 12, a centering pressure plate 13, a pressure shaft 14 and a pressure block 15, the pressure block 15 is fixed on the outer side of each of the five movable pressure bearing plates 2, one end of the pressure shaft 14 is fixed with the center of the pressure block 15, the other end of the pressure shaft is fixed with the center of the centering pressure plate 13, the center of one end, far away from the pressure shaft 14, of the centering pressure plate 13 is fixed with a hydraulic telescopic shaft of the hydraulic actuator 12, the hydraulic input end of the hydraulic actuator 12 is communicated with a hydraulic source 11, and the hydraulic actuator 12 is provided with a hydraulic servo valve, a load sensor and a displacement sensor.
The hydraulic loading system receives a pressurizing signal of the control system, the hydraulic source 11 provides hydraulic oil for the hydraulic actuator 12, the telescopic shaft of the hydraulic actuator 12 transmits pressure to the pressing shaft 14 through the centering pressure plate 13, and then the pressing block 15 is pressurized through the pressing shaft 14, so that the pressing block 15 is used for carrying out pressure loading on the movable pressure bearing plate 2, five movable pressure bearing plates 2 are used for carrying out pressure loading on the coal rock test piece in five directions, the pressure environment of the coal rock test piece is closer to the stratum pressure environment in the actual drilling process, the hydraulic actuator 12 is controlled to be opened or closed through the hydraulic servo valve, and the load sensor and the displacement sensor output the real-time loading load and displacement of the hydraulic actuator 12.
The gas simulation system is used for carrying out gas loading on the coal rock test piece in the squareness sealing chamber; the gas simulation system comprises a methane tank 17, wherein five movable bearing plates 2 are communicated with an air outlet pipe of the methane tank 17 through an air inlet pipe, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe.
The gas simulation system receives control system's gas seepage signal, the solenoid valve on the outlet duct is opened, methane gas in the methane tank 17 flows into the square sealed chamber through the intake pipe, five remove the outlet duct intercommunication that the pressure-bearing plate 2 all passes through intake pipe and methane tank 17, thereby realize five directions air entrainment simultaneously, make the coal petrography test piece in the square sealed chamber be full of methane gas, thereby make the coal bed gas seepage flow environment of coal petrography test piece press close to the stratum gas seepage flow environment of actual drilling process more.
Further, still include fixed stop 8, fixed bearing plate 1 is fixed on fixed stop 8, and fixed stop 8 and fixed bearing plate 1's center department all is provided with the glass window, has seted up on the glass window and has run through to the indoor drill bit mounting hole 22 of square sealed, and sleeve 4 carries out the simulation drilling test through drill bit mounting hole 22, and it has hatch door 21 to articulate on the drill bit mounting hole 22.
When a drilling machine simulation system is used for simulating a drilling process, a cabin door 21 is opened, a drill bit 5 is placed on the outer surface of a coal rock test piece in a cube sealed chamber through a drill bit mounting hole 22 for drilling operation, a high-definition camera is erected on one side, close to a glass window, of a fixed baffle 8, and rock crack cracking, cracking deformation and damage conditions around a well in the simulation test process are observed through the high-definition camera, so that visual dynamic simulation of the drilling process is realized;
further, the gas measuring device comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder 18 and a gas measuring instrument 19, a gas outlet penetrating into the square sealing chamber is formed in the glass window, the high-pressure gas cylinder 18 is connected to the gas outlet through a gas pipe or communicated with a gas channel outlet on the gas-liquid separator 7 through the gas pipe, the gas measuring instrument 19 is arranged on the gas pipe, and the inner wall of the gas outlet and the inner wall of the gas channel outlet are sealed with the gas pipe through a sealing ring. In the drilling process, the coal bed gas in the coal rock test piece generates seepage, the gas flows into the gas measuring device through the gas channel of the gas-liquid separator, the seepage flow rate and the flow of the coal bed gas are measured through the high-pressure gas cylinder 18 and the gas measuring instrument 19, and the seepage condition of the coal bed gas in the drilling process is reflected.
Furtherly is array arrangement pressure sensor 9 and temperature sensor 10 in the sealed indoor coal petrography test piece of square, runs through on fixed bearing plate 1 and the fixed stop 8 and offers the aperture that is used for pressure sensor 9 and 10 wiring exports of temperature sensor, and the inner wall of aperture passes through the sealing washer and seals. In the drilling process, the pressure sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 10 measure the temperature and the stress around the well in real time, and reflect the dynamic change rule of the temperature and the stress of rock around the well in the drilling process.
Further, the liquid collecting device comprises a liquid collector 20, the liquid collector 20 is communicated with a liquid channel outlet on the gas-liquid separator 7 through a water pipe, and the inner wall of the liquid channel outlet is sealed with the water pipe through a sealing ring. In the drilling process, liquid enters the liquid collector 20 through a liquid channel on the gas-liquid separator 7, and water is returned to the drilling machine simulation system after being treated by the liquid collector 20, so that the water is recycled.
A simulation method of a coal bed gas well surrounding rock deformation visualization simulation device under multi-field coupling comprises the following steps under the condition that a drilling machine simulation system is used:
s1, preparing cube coal rock test pieces with the pressure sensors 9 and the temperature sensors 10 distributed around the well in an array manner, and then installing the coal rock test pieces in a cube sealing chamber;
s2, closing the hatch 21 on the fixed baffle 8, and communicating the high-pressure gas cylinder 18 with the gas channel outlet on the gas-liquid separator 6 through a gas pipe;
s3, inputting the initial stress conditions of the coal rock test piece through a control system, namely maximum and minimum horizontal ground stress, overburden pressure values, reservoir initial temperature values, reservoir initial pressure values and reservoir initial coal bed methane seepage conditions;
s4, the hydraulic loading system receives the pressure signal output by the control system, and the coal rock test piece is automatically slowly pressurized to a preset value in 5 directions through the five movable bearing plates 2; the gas simulation system receives a coal bed methane seepage signal output by the control system, and injects methane gas into the coal rock test piece through the gas inlet pipe to reach a preset coal bed methane seepage condition; the electric heating temperature loading system receives a temperature signal output by the control system, and heats the coal rock test piece to a preset value through the electric heating temperature plate 16;
s5, opening a hatch door 21 on the fixed baffle 8, placing the drill bit 5 on the outer surface of the coal rock test piece in the cube sealed chamber through a drill bit mounting hole 22, receiving a power signal output by the control system by the driving device, driving the hollow drill rod 3 to rotate, driving the drill bit 5 to rotate through the hollow drill rod 3, and meanwhile, delivering water to the drill bit 5 through the inside of the hollow drill rod 3 to start a simulated drilling process;
s6, measuring the gas flow rate and flow rate of the coal bed gas by the gas in the drilling process through the high-pressure gas cylinder 18 and the gas meter 19, reflecting the seepage condition of the coal bed gas in the drilling process, and feeding back the measured data to the control system; measuring the temperature and stress around the well in real time through a pressure sensor 9 and a temperature sensor 10, and reflecting the dynamic change rule of the temperature and stress of rock around the well in the drilling process; meanwhile, a high-definition camera is erected on one side, close to the glass window, of the fixed baffle 8, and the conditions of crack initiation and deformation damage of rock cracks around the well in the simulation test process are observed through the high-definition camera, so that visualization is realized;
s7, obtaining dynamic relation curves of rock deformation damage conditions around the well, rock temperature around the well, stress, coal bed gas seepage and well drilling time under the condition that reservoir pressure, temperature, geostress and coal bed gas seepage conditions are not changed through the data obtained by the simulation test;
s8, changing the initial pressure condition of the coal rock test piece through a hydraulic loading system for testing, changing the initial temperature condition of the coal rock test piece through an electric heating temperature loading system for testing, changing the initial coal bed gas seepage condition of a coal rock reservoir through a gas simulation system for testing, changing the borehole size through changing drill bits with different sizes for testing, and changing the drilling speed through a driving device for testing, so that visual physical simulation tests can be carried out on the drilling process of the coal bed gas well under different parameter states, and the influences of the factors on the deformation and damage of the rock around the coal bed gas well, the borehole wall stress, the temperature and the coal bed gas seepage change rule in the drilling process can be analyzed.
A simulation method of a visual simulation device for deformation of rocks around a coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling comprises the following steps without using a drilling rig simulation system:
s1, preparing cube coal rock test pieces with pressure sensors 9 and temperature sensors 10 distributed around a well in an array manner, prefabricating a well hole on the coal rock test pieces, arranging strain gauges in the well hole along the circumferential direction of the well, and then installing the coal rock test pieces in a cube sealing chamber;
s2, closing the hatch 21 on the fixed baffle 8, and closing the air outlet hole penetrating through the glass window to the square sealed chamber;
s3, inputting the initial stress conditions of the coal rock test piece through a control system, namely maximum and minimum horizontal ground stress, overburden pressure values, reservoir initial temperature values, reservoir initial pressure values and reservoir initial coal bed methane seepage conditions;
s4, firstly, a gas simulation system receives a coal bed gas seepage signal output by a control system, methane gas is injected into a coal rock test piece through a gas inlet pipe until the coal bed gas seepage condition is preset, an electric heating temperature loading system receives a temperature signal output by the control system, and the coal rock test piece is heated to a preset value through an electric heating temperature plate 16;
s5, then, the hydraulic loading system receives the pressure signal output by the control system, automatically and slowly pressurizes the coal rock test piece to preset values in 5 directions through the five movable pressure bearing plates 2, simultaneously opens the air outlet hole penetrating into the cube sealing chamber on the glass window, communicates the high-pressure air cylinder 18 with the air outlet hole through the air pipe, and starts to simulate the drilling process;
s6, measuring the gas flow rate and flow rate of the coal bed gas by the gas meter 19 and the high-pressure gas cylinder 18 in the drilling process, reflecting the seepage condition of the coal bed gas in the drilling process, and feeding back the measured data to the control system; measuring the temperature and stress around the well in real time through a pressure sensor 9 and a temperature sensor 10, and reflecting the dynamic change rule of the temperature and stress of rock around the well in the drilling process; the deformation quantity of the rock around the well is reflected through the strain gauge; meanwhile, a high-definition camera is erected on one side, close to the glass window, of the fixed baffle 8, and the conditions of crack initiation and deformation damage of rock cracks around the well in the simulation test process are observed through the high-definition camera, so that visualization is realized;
s7, changing the initial pressure condition of the coal rock test piece through a hydraulic loading system for testing, changing the initial temperature condition of the coal rock test piece through an electric heating temperature loading system for testing, changing the initial coal bed gas seepage condition of a coal rock reservoir through a gas simulation system for testing, prefabricating boreholes with different sizes on the coal rock test piece for testing, and changing the temperature, the pressure and the coal bed gas loading speed for testing, thereby realizing the visual physical simulation test on the drilling process of the coal bed gas well under different parameter states, and analyzing the influence of the factors on the deformation damage of the rocks around the coal bed gas well, the stress of the well wall, the temperature and the change rule of the coal bed gas seepage in the drilling process.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and is not to be construed as limited to the exclusion of other embodiments, and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be used and modifications may be made within the scope of the concepts described herein, either by the above teachings or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The visual simulation device for deformation of rocks around a coal bed gas well under multi-field coupling is characterized by comprising a visual drilling physical simulation test system, a drilling machine simulation system, an electric heating temperature loading system, a hydraulic loading system, a gas simulation system and a control system, wherein the visual drilling physical simulation test system comprises a fixed pressure bearing plate (1) and five movable pressure bearing plates (2), the fixed pressure bearing plate (1) and the five movable pressure bearing plates (2) form a square sealing chamber, the square sealing chamber is used for loading a coal rock test piece, and the pressurizing directions of the five movable pressure bearing plates (2) are all perpendicular to the plane of the square sealing chamber;
the drilling machine simulation system comprises a driving device, a hollow drill rod (3), a sleeve (4), a drill bit (5) and a gas-liquid separator (7), wherein the hollow drill rod (3) is rotatably arranged in the sleeve (4) in a penetrating mode, one end of the hollow drill rod (3) is connected with the driving device, the drill bit (5) is fixed at the other end of the hollow drill rod, an annular space (6) is formed by the hollow drill rod (3) and the sleeve (4), the gas-liquid separator (7) is arranged in the annular space (6), a gas channel of the gas-liquid separator (7) is connected with a gas measuring device, and a liquid channel of the gas-liquid separator (7) is connected with a liquid collecting device;
the drilling machine simulation system is used for drilling a coal rock test piece in the square sealing chamber;
the electric heating temperature loading system is used for carrying out temperature loading on the coal rock test piece in the cube sealing chamber;
the hydraulic loading system is used for carrying out pressure loading on the coal rock test piece in the square sealing chamber;
the gas simulation system is used for carrying out gas loading on the coal rock test piece in the cube sealing chamber;
the drilling machine simulation system, the electric heating temperature loading system, the hydraulic loading system and the gas simulation system are electrically connected with the control system;
still include fixed stop (8), fixed bearing plate (1) is fixed on fixed stop (8), fixed stop (8) with the center department of fixed bearing plate (1) all is provided with the glass window, seted up on the glass window and run through to drill bit mounting hole (22) in the square sealed chamber, sleeve (4) are passed through drill bit mounting hole (22) simulate the well drilling experiment, it has hatch door (21) to articulate on drill bit mounting hole (22).
2. The visual simulation device for deformation of the rock around the coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling according to claim 1, wherein pressure sensors (9) and temperature sensors (10) are arranged in a cube sealing chamber in an array manner, small holes for wiring outlets of the pressure sensors (9) and the temperature sensors (10) are formed in the fixed bearing plate (1) and the fixed baffle (8) in a penetrating manner, and inner walls of the small holes are sealed through sealing rings.
3. The visual simulation device for deformation of the surrounding rock of the coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling as claimed in claim 2, wherein a hydraulic loading system is arranged on each of the five movable bearing plates (2), the hydraulic loading system comprises a hydraulic actuator (12), a centering pressure plate (13), a pressure shaft (14) and a pressure block (15), the pressure block (15) is fixed on the outer side of each of the five movable bearing plates (2), one end of the pressure shaft (14) is fixed with the center of the pressure block (15), the other end of the pressure shaft is fixed with the center of the centering pressure plate (13), the center of one end, far away from the pressure shaft (14), of the centering pressure plate (13) is fixed with a hydraulic telescopic shaft of the hydraulic actuator (12), the hydraulic input end of the hydraulic actuator (12) is communicated with a hydraulic source (11), and a hydraulic servo valve is arranged on the hydraulic actuator (12), Load sensors and displacement sensors.
4. The visual simulation device for deformation of the surrounding rock of the coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling as claimed in claim 3, wherein the electric heating temperature loading system comprises an electric heating temperature plate (16), and the electric heating temperature plate (16) is arranged on the outer side of each of the five movable bearing plates (2).
5. The visual simulation device for deformation of the surrounding rock of the coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that the gas simulation system comprises a methane tank (17), the five movable pressure bearing plates (2) are communicated with an air outlet pipe of the methane tank (17) through an air inlet pipe, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe.
6. The device for visually simulating the deformation of the rocks around the coal-bed gas well under the multi-field coupling condition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the gas measuring device comprises a high-pressure gas cylinder (18) and a gas metering instrument (19), the glass window is provided with a gas outlet hole penetrating into the square sealing chamber, the high-pressure gas cylinder (18) is connected to the gas outlet hole through a gas pipe or is communicated with a gas channel outlet on the gas-liquid separator (7) through a gas pipe, the gas metering instrument (19) is arranged on the gas pipe, and the gas outlet hole and the inner wall of the gas channel outlet are sealed with the gas outlet pipe through a sealing ring.
7. The device for visual simulation of deformation of rocks around a coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling as claimed in claim 6, wherein the liquid collecting device comprises a liquid collector (20), the liquid collector (20) is communicated with a liquid channel outlet on the gas-liquid separator (7) through a water pipe, and the inner wall of the liquid channel outlet is sealed with the water pipe through a sealing ring.
8. The simulation method of the visual simulation device for deformation of the surrounding rock of the coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling according to claim 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, manufacturing cube coal rock test pieces with the pressure sensors (9) and the temperature sensors (10) distributed in an array manner around the well, and then installing the coal rock test pieces in the cube sealing chamber;
s2, closing the hatch door (21) on the fixed baffle (8), and communicating the high-pressure air cylinder (18) with the outlet of the air channel on the air-liquid separator (7) through an air pipe;
s3, inputting the initial stress conditions of the coal rock test piece through the control system, namely maximum and minimum horizontal ground stress, overburden pressure value, reservoir initial temperature value, reservoir initial pressure value and reservoir initial coal bed methane seepage condition;
s4, the hydraulic loading system receives the pressure signal output by the control system, and the coal rock test piece is automatically slowly pressurized to a preset value in 5 directions through the five movable bearing plates (2); the gas simulation system receives a coal bed methane seepage signal output by the control system, and injects methane gas into the coal rock test piece through the gas inlet pipe to reach a preset coal bed methane seepage condition; the electric heating temperature loading system receives a temperature signal output by the control system, and heats the coal rock test piece to a preset value through the electric heating temperature plate (16);
s5, opening the cabin door (21) on the fixed baffle (8), placing the drill bit (5) on the outer surface of the coal rock test piece in the cube sealing chamber through the drill bit mounting hole (22), receiving a power signal output by a control system by the driving device, driving the hollow drill rod (3) to rotate, driving the drill bit (5) to rotate through the hollow drill rod (3), and meanwhile, conveying water to the drill bit (5) through the inside of the hollow drill rod (3) to start a simulated drilling process;
s6, measuring the gas flow rate and flow rate of the coal bed gas through the high-pressure gas cylinder (18) and the gas meter (19) in the drilling process, reflecting the seepage condition of the coal bed gas in the drilling process, and feeding back the measured data to the control system; the pressure sensor (9) and the temperature sensor (10) are used for measuring the temperature and the stress around the well in real time, and the dynamic change rule of the temperature and the stress of rock around the well in the drilling process is reflected; meanwhile, a high-definition camera is erected on one side, close to the glass window, of the fixed baffle (8), and the conditions of crack initiation and deformation damage of rock cracks around the well in the simulation test process are observed through the high-definition camera, so that visualization is realized;
s7, obtaining dynamic relation curves of rock deformation damage conditions around the well, rock temperature around the well, stress, coal bed gas seepage and well drilling time under the condition that reservoir pressure, temperature, ground stress and coal bed gas seepage conditions are unchanged through the data obtained by the simulation test;
s8, changing the initial pressure condition of the coal rock test piece through the hydraulic loading system for testing, changing the initial temperature condition of the coal rock test piece through the electric heating temperature loading system for testing, changing the initial coal bed gas seepage condition of a coal rock reservoir through the gas simulation system for testing, changing the borehole size through changing drill bits with different sizes for testing, and changing the drilling speed through the driving device for testing, so that visual physical simulation tests are carried out on the drilling process of the coal bed gas well under different parameter states, and the influences of the factors on the deformation damage of the rock around the coal bed gas well, the borehole wall stress, the temperature and the change rule of the coal bed gas seepage in the drilling process can be analyzed.
9. The simulation method of the visual simulation device for deformation of the surrounding rock of the coal-bed gas well under multi-field coupling according to claim 7 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing cube coal rock test pieces with the pressure sensors (9) and the temperature sensors (10) distributed around the well in an array manner, prefabricating a well hole on the coal rock test pieces, arranging strain gauges in the well hole along the well circumferential direction, and then installing the coal rock test pieces in the cube sealing chamber;
s2, closing the hatch door (21) on the fixed baffle (8), and closing an air outlet hole penetrating into the cube sealing chamber on the glass window;
s3, inputting the initial stress conditions of the coal rock test piece through the control system, namely maximum and minimum horizontal ground stress, overburden pressure value, reservoir initial temperature value, reservoir initial pressure value and reservoir initial coal bed methane seepage condition;
s4, firstly, the gas simulation system receives a coal bed gas seepage signal output by the control system, methane gas is injected into the coal rock test piece through the gas inlet pipe to reach a preset coal bed gas seepage condition, the electric heating temperature loading system receives a temperature signal output by the control system, and the coal rock test piece is heated to a preset value through the electric heating temperature plate (16);
s5, the hydraulic loading system receives the pressure signal output by the control system, automatically and slowly pressurizes the coal rock test piece to preset values in 5 directions through the five movable pressure bearing plates (2), simultaneously opens the air outlet hole penetrating into the square sealing chamber on the glass window, and communicates the high-pressure air cylinder (18) with the air outlet hole through an air pipe to start a simulated drilling process;
s6, measuring the gas flow rate and flow rate of the coal bed gas through the gas meter (19) and the high-pressure gas cylinder (18) during the drilling process, reflecting the seepage condition of the coal bed gas during the drilling process, and feeding back the measured data to the control system; the pressure sensor (9) and the temperature sensor (10) are used for measuring the temperature and the stress around the well in real time, and the dynamic change rule of the temperature and the stress of rock around the well in the drilling process is reflected; the deformation quantity condition of the rock around the well is reflected through the strain gauge; meanwhile, a high-definition camera is erected on one side, close to the glass window, of the fixed baffle (8), and the conditions of crack initiation and deformation damage of rock cracks around the well in the simulation test process are observed through the high-definition camera, so that visualization is realized;
s7, changing the initial pressure condition of the coal rock test piece through the hydraulic loading system for testing, changing the initial temperature condition of the coal rock test piece through the electric heating temperature loading system for testing, changing the initial coal bed gas seepage condition of a coal rock reservoir through the gas simulation system for testing, prefabricating boreholes with different sizes on the coal rock test piece for testing, and changing the temperature, the pressure and the coal bed gas loading speed for testing, so that visual physical simulation tests are realized on the coal bed gas well drilling process under different parameter states, and the influences of the factors on the rock deformation damage around the coal bed gas well, the borehole wall stress, the temperature and the coal bed gas seepage change rule in the drilling process can be analyzed.
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