CN113702185B - Clamp and observation method for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance cracking under true triaxial - Google Patents
Clamp and observation method for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance cracking under true triaxial Download PDFInfo
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- CN113702185B CN113702185B CN202111120875.1A CN202111120875A CN113702185B CN 113702185 B CN113702185 B CN 113702185B CN 202111120875 A CN202111120875 A CN 202111120875A CN 113702185 B CN113702185 B CN 113702185B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0064—Initiation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The clamp for visual quantitative study of disturbance cracking of hard rock under a true triaxial and an observation method thereof comprise an upper bearing plate, wherein the upper bearing plate, a lower bearing plate, a front bearing plate, a rear bearing plate, a left bearing plate and a right bearing plate are connected in a sliding interlocking mode, and acoustic emission sensors are arranged in acoustic emission sensor mounting holes of the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate; a wide-angle high-definition camera is arranged in wide-angle high-definition camera mounting holes of the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate, through holes I are formed in the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate, signal wires of the wide-angle high-definition camera penetrate through the through holes I to be connected with a computer, through holes II are formed in the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate, and signal wires of the acoustic emission sensor penetrate through the through holes II to be connected with an acoustic emission system. The in-situ, real-time, continuous and visual observation and quantitative analysis of the whole process of deformation, fracture and evolution of the hard rock under the condition of 'true three-dimensional high stress and dynamic disturbance' are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics tests, and particularly relates to a clamp and an observation method for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance cracking under a true triaxial.
Background
Along with the increasing rigid demands of the national high-speed development on energy, resources, traffic and the like, the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, mining and traffic tunnel engineering and the like are continuously developed to the underground deep part. Compared with shallow hard rock, the deep hard rock is in a true three-dimensional high-stress environment, the ground stress occurrence environment of surrounding rock is obviously changed, the stress state of the surrounding rock is changed by deep underground engineering excavation, the mechanical property of the surrounding rock is degraded due to stress redistribution, and the disaster of the surrounding rock is easily caused, so that the engineering safety is influenced.
At present, a certain experiment is carried out on the hard rock deformation and fracture research under the true triaxial, but the following defects still exist:
1. The pressure head, the steel bearing plate and the sealant of the testing machine used in the true triaxial test are made of opaque materials, and deformation and damage of hard rock cannot be directly observed.
2. The hard rock deformation process needs long-time observation, the fracture evolution process is instantly completed and needs high-frame-frequency observation, and contradiction exists between the long-time observation and the high-frame-frequency observation, so that the whole process of the hard rock deformation and the fracture evolution is realized at the same time, and the problem is difficult to solve.
In summary, in-situ, real-time, continuous and visual research on the whole process of deformation, fracture and evolution of hard rock under a true triaxial cannot be realized at present. Therefore, in order to better study the whole deformation fracture evolution process of hard rock under a true triaxial test and realize visual observation, a clamp and an observation method for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance fracture under a true triaxial are needed to be invented.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the clamp and the observation method for the visual quantitative study of the hard rock disturbance fracture under the true triaxial are provided by the invention, and are suitable for the in-situ, real-time, continuous and visual study of the whole process of the hard rock deformation fracture evolution under the true triaxial.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The clamp for visual quantitative study of disturbance cracking of hard rock under a true triaxial comprises an upper bearing plate, a lower bearing plate, a front bearing plate, a rear bearing plate, a left bearing plate and a right bearing plate, wherein the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate are made of high-strength steel materials, the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate are made of high-strength high-hardness high-transparency materials, the upper bearing plate, the lower bearing plate, the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate are all cuboid and are connected in a sliding interlocking mode, and a plurality of acoustic emission sensor mounting holes are formed in the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate and acoustic emission sensors are arranged in the acoustic emission sensor mounting holes; wide-angle high definition digtal camera mounting holes are evenly distributed in the front bearing plate, the back bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate, and lay wide-angle high definition digtal camera in wide-angle high definition digtal camera mounting holes, front bearing plate, back bearing plate, left bearing plate and right bearing plate are last to have seted up with wide-angle high definition digtal camera mounting hole axis vertically link up aperture I, and the signal line of wide-angle high definition digtal camera wears out through link up aperture I and links to each other with the computer, go up bearing plate and lower bearing plate on seted up with acoustic emission sensor mounting hole axis vertically link up aperture II, and acoustic emission sensor's signal line wears out through link up with acoustic emission system through link up aperture II.
Transparent couplant is smeared between the contact surfaces of the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate, the right bearing plate and the hard rock test piece, and the surface of the hard rock test piece is observed through the side surface of the bearing plate.
The observation method for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance cracking under the true triaxial comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a hard rock test piece: the DIC scattered spots are arranged on the processed hard rock test piece;
Step 2, correspondingly placing a plurality of acoustic emission sensors in acoustic emission sensor mounting holes of an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate, correspondingly placing a plurality of wide-angle high-definition cameras in wide-angle high-definition camera mounting holes of a front bearing plate, a rear bearing plate, a left bearing plate and a right bearing plate, enabling acoustic emission sensor signal wires to penetrate through a through hole II and be connected with an acoustic emission system, and enabling wide-angle high-definition camera signal wires to penetrate through a through hole I and be connected with a computer;
Step 3, placing the hard rock test piece on the lower bearing plate, and completely coupling four contact surfaces of the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate with the hard rock test piece by using a transparent coupling agent so as to ensure that the surfaces of the hard rock test piece are observed through the side surfaces of the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate; finally, installing an upper bearing plate to form a sliding interlocking clamp;
Step 4, arranging a binocular stereoscopic vision system around the clamp, calibrating the binocular stereoscopic vision system, and adjusting the position of the binocular stereoscopic vision system to enable the hard rock test piece to be located in the visual field range of the binocular stereoscopic vision system and have clear images; turning on a light supplementing lamp, running DIC software and finishing the setting of control parameters of the binocular stereoscopic vision system;
step 5, arranging a high-speed camera around the clamp, adjusting the visual angle of the high-speed camera, and observing the deformation fracture evolution process of the surface of the hard rock test piece through the side surfaces of the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate, wherein when an experiment starts, firstly, a middle-low frame frequency is adopted to observe the compression deformation process of the hard rock test piece for a long time, and after strain localization, a high frame frequency is adopted to observe the fracture evolution process of the hard rock test piece;
Step 6, when an experiment starts, simultaneously starting an acoustic emission sensor, a wide-angle high-definition camera, a binocular stereoscopic vision system and a high-speed camera, acquiring acoustic emission signals through the acoustic emission sensor, transmitting the acoustic emission signals to the acoustic emission system, judging the initiation, expansion and cracking stages of cracks in the rock, and further analyzing the damage of the applied intensity to the rock; the rock compression deformation process is collected through a wide-angle high-definition camera and transmitted to a computer; the position change of the scattered spots is collected through a binocular stereoscopic vision system and transmitted to a computer for measuring the full-field strain and displacement; the rock compression deformation process and the fracture evolution process are collected through a high-speed camera and transmitted to a computer, and the in-situ, real-time, continuous and visual observation of the whole hard rock deformation fracture evolution process under the true triaxial is realized by utilizing the high-speed camera, a wide-angle high-definition camera and a three-dimensional digital image correlation method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the method realizes in-situ, real-time, continuous and visual research of the whole process of deformation, fracture and evolution of the hard rock under the true triaxial disturbance for the first time. The front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate are all made of high-strength high-hardness high-transparency materials, wide-angle high-definition camera mounting holes are arranged in the plates, and wide-angle high-definition cameras are arranged in the holes, so that real-time visual observation of the deformation, fracture and evolution process of the hard rock test piece can be realized; the high-speed camera adopts middle-low frame frequency observation in the early stage, and adopts high frame frequency observation after local strain occurs, so that the contradiction between long-time observation of compression deformation of a hard rock test piece and high-frequency observation of the whole process of deformation, fracture and evolution of the hard rock test piece can be effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a fixture for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance cracking under a true triaxial;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a transparent material bearing plate in a clamp for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance cracking under a true triaxial;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram I of a clamp for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance cracking under a true triaxial;
FIG. 4 is a second three-dimensional schematic diagram of a clamp for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance cracking under a true triaxial;
1-upper bearing plate, 2-lower bearing plate, 3-front bearing plate, 4-rear bearing plate, 5-left bearing plate, 6-right bearing plate, 7-hard rock test piece, 8-through small hole II, 9-wide-angle high-definition camera, 10-three-angle corner connector, 11-acoustic emission sensor, 12-binocular stereoscopic vision system, 13-high-speed camera, 14-transparent cover plate, 15-through small hole I, 16-wide-angle high-definition camera signal line, 17-acoustic emission sensor signal line, 18-L-shaped corner connector, 19-perforated cushion block and 20-disturbance rod mounting hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the clamp for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance rupture under true triaxial comprises an upper bearing plate 1, a lower bearing plate 2, a front bearing plate 3, a rear bearing plate 4, a left bearing plate 5 and a right bearing plate 6, wherein the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 2 are made of 7075-T651 aluminum alloy, the front bearing plate 3, the rear bearing plate 4, the left bearing plate 5 and the right bearing plate 6 are made of polymethyl methacrylate PMMA, and the upper bearing plate 1, the lower bearing plate 2, the front bearing plate 3, the rear bearing plate 4, the left bearing plate 5 and the right bearing plate 6 are all cuboid and are connected in a sliding interlocking mode, specifically: the left bearing plate 5, the right bearing plate 6, the upper end face and the lower end face of the front bearing plate 3 and the rear bearing plate 4 are respectively provided with a perforated cushion block 19 through adhesives, the peripheries of the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 2 are respectively connected with an L-shaped corner brace 18 through bolts, the front bearing plate 3 and the left bearing plate 5 are respectively connected with a three-sided right angle brace 10 arranged on the lower bearing plate 2 through perforated cushion blocks 19 bonded on the side walls of the front bearing plate 3 and the left bearing plate 5 through bolts, the rear bearing plate 4 and the right bearing plate 6 are respectively connected with the three-sided right angle brace 10 arranged on the upper bearing plate 1 through perforated cushion blocks 19 bonded on the side walls of the rear bearing plate 4 and the right bearing plate 6 through bolts, the upper bearing plate 1 is respectively connected with the perforated cushion blocks 19 arranged on the upper end faces of the front bearing plate 3, the rear bearing plate 5 and the right bearing plate 6 through bolts, a disturbance rod 20 is respectively mounted on the front bearing plate 3, the left bearing plate 4 and the left bearing plate 5 and the right bearing plate 6 through L-shaped corner braces arranged on the side walls of the left bearing plate 4 and the left bearing plate 6 through bolts, and a disturbance rod 20 is respectively mounted on the left bearing plate 5 and the disturbance rod in the vertical bearing plate and the disturbance rod 20; four acoustic emission sensor mounting holes are formed in the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 2, and acoustic emission sensors 11 are arranged in the acoustic emission sensor mounting holes; a wide-angle high-definition camera mounting hole is respectively arranged in the front bearing plate 3, the rear bearing plate 4, the left bearing plate 5 and the right bearing plate 6, a wide-angle high-definition camera 9 is arranged in the wide-angle high-definition camera mounting hole, the wide-angle high-definition camera 9 is fixed by installing a transparent cover plate 14 in the wide-angle high-definition camera mounting hole, through holes I15 perpendicular to the axes of the wide-angle high-definition camera mounting hole are formed in the front bearing plate 3, the rear bearing plate 4, the left bearing plate 5 and the right bearing plate 6, a wide-angle high-definition camera signal line 16 penetrates out of the through holes I15 to be connected with a computer, through holes II 8 perpendicular to the axes of the acoustic emission sensor mounting holes are formed in the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 2, an acoustic emission sensor signal line 17 penetrates out of the acoustic emission system through the through holes II 8 to be connected with the acoustic emission system, and a binocular stereoscopic vision system 12 and a high-speed camera 13 are respectively arranged around the clamp.
Transparent couplant is smeared between the contact surfaces of the front bearing plate 3, the rear bearing plate 4, the left bearing plate 5 and the right bearing plate 6 and the hard rock test piece 7, and the surface of the hard rock test piece 7 is observed through the side surfaces of the bearing plates.
The observation method for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance cracking under the true triaxial comprises the following steps:
step1, preparing a hard rock test piece 7: the DIC scattered spots are arranged on the processed hard rock test piece 7;
Step 2, correspondingly placing eight acoustic emission sensors 11 in acoustic emission sensor mounting holes of the upper bearing plate 1 and the lower bearing plate 2, correspondingly placing four wide-angle high-definition cameras 9 in wide-angle high-definition camera mounting holes of the front bearing plate 3, the rear bearing plate 4, the left bearing plate 5 and the right bearing plate 6, enabling acoustic emission sensor signal wires 17 to penetrate through small holes II 8 and be connected to an acoustic emission system, and enabling wide-angle high-definition camera signal wires 16 to penetrate through small holes I15 and be connected to a computer;
step 3, placing a hard rock test piece 7 on the lower bearing plate 2, and completely coupling four contact surfaces of the front bearing plate 3, the rear bearing plate 4, the left bearing plate 5 and the right bearing plate 6 with the hard rock test piece 7 by using a transparent coupling agent so as to ensure that the surfaces of the hard rock test piece 7 are observed through the side surfaces of the front bearing plate 3, the rear bearing plate 4, the left bearing plate 5 and the right bearing plate 6; finally, installing an upper bearing plate 1 to form a sliding interlocking clamp;
step 4, arranging a binocular stereoscopic vision system 12 around the clamp, calibrating the binocular stereoscopic vision system 12, and adjusting the position of the binocular stereoscopic vision system 12 to enable the hard rock test piece 7 to be located in the visual field range of the binocular stereoscopic vision system 12 and have clear images; turning on the light supplementing lamp, running DIC software, and finishing the setting of control parameters of the binocular stereoscopic vision system 12;
Step 5, arranging a high-speed camera 13 around the clamp, adjusting the visual angle of the high-speed camera 13, and observing the deformation fracture evolution process of the surfaces of the hard rock test pieces 7 through the side surfaces of the front bearing plate 3, the rear bearing plate 4, the left bearing plate 5 and the right bearing plate 6, wherein when an experiment starts, firstly, a middle-low frame frequency long-time observation hard rock test piece 7 compression deformation process is adopted, and after strain localization, a high frame frequency observation hard rock test piece 7 fracture evolution process is adopted;
Step 6, when an experiment starts, simultaneously starting an acoustic emission sensor 11, a wide-angle high-definition camera 9, a binocular stereoscopic vision system 12 and a high-speed camera 13, firstly applying three-dimensional six-sided static load through a high-voltage servo dynamic true triaxial test machine, then applying dynamic disturbance load, and carrying out surface disturbance on the hard rock test piece 7 until the hard rock test piece 7 is damaged; the acoustic emission signals are collected through the acoustic emission sensor 11 and transmitted to the acoustic emission system, so that the initiation, expansion and cracking stages of cracks in the rock are judged, and the damage of the applied strength to the rock is analyzed; the rock compression deformation process is collected through the wide-angle high-definition camera 9 and transmitted to a computer; the scattered spot position change is collected by the binocular stereo vision system 12 and transmitted to a computer for measuring the full-field strain and displacement; the rock compression deformation process and the fracture evolution process are collected through the high-speed camera 13 and transmitted to a computer, and the in-situ, real-time, continuous and visual observation and quantitative analysis of the whole hard rock deformation fracture evolution process under the condition of 'true three-dimensional high stress and power disturbance' are realized by utilizing the high-speed camera 13, the wide-angle high-definition camera 9 and a three-dimensional digital image correlation method.
Claims (1)
1. The observation method for the visual quantitative study of the disturbance cracking of the hard rock under the true triaxial is characterized in that the clamp for the visual quantitative study of the disturbance cracking of the hard rock under the true triaxial comprises an upper bearing plate, a lower bearing plate, a front bearing plate, a rear bearing plate, a left bearing plate and a right bearing plate, wherein the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate are made of high-strength steel materials, the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate are made of high-strength high-hardness high-transparency materials, the upper bearing plate, the lower bearing plate, the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate are all cuboid and are connected in a sliding interlocking mode, and a plurality of acoustic emission sensor mounting holes are formed in the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate and acoustic emission sensor mounting holes are used for placing acoustic emission sensors; the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate are internally and respectively provided with a wide-angle high-definition camera mounting hole, the wide-angle high-definition cameras are arranged in the wide-angle high-definition camera mounting holes, through holes I perpendicular to the axes of the wide-angle high-definition camera mounting holes are formed in the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate, signal wires of the wide-angle high-definition cameras penetrate out through the through holes I to be connected with a computer, through holes II perpendicular to the axes of the acoustic emission sensor mounting holes are formed in the upper bearing plate and the lower bearing plate, and the signal wires of the acoustic emission sensors penetrate out through the through holes II to be connected with an acoustic emission system;
Transparent couplant is smeared between the contact surfaces of the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate, the right bearing plate and the hard rock test piece, and the surface of the hard rock test piece is observed through the side surface of the bearing plate;
the observation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a hard rock test piece: the DIC scattered spots are arranged on the processed hard rock test piece;
Step 2, correspondingly placing a plurality of acoustic emission sensors in acoustic emission sensor mounting holes of an upper bearing plate and a lower bearing plate, correspondingly placing a plurality of wide-angle high-definition cameras in wide-angle high-definition camera mounting holes of a front bearing plate, a rear bearing plate, a left bearing plate and a right bearing plate, enabling acoustic emission sensor signal wires to penetrate through a through hole II and be connected with an acoustic emission system, and enabling wide-angle high-definition camera signal wires to penetrate through a through hole I and be connected with a computer;
Step 3, placing the hard rock test piece on the lower bearing plate, and completely coupling four contact surfaces of the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate with the hard rock test piece by using a transparent coupling agent so as to ensure that the surfaces of the hard rock test piece are observed through the side surfaces of the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate; finally, installing an upper bearing plate to form a sliding interlocking clamp;
Step 4, arranging a binocular stereoscopic vision system around the clamp, calibrating the binocular stereoscopic vision system, and adjusting the position of the binocular stereoscopic vision system to enable the hard rock test piece to be located in the visual field range of the binocular stereoscopic vision system and have clear images; turning on a light supplementing lamp, running DIC software and finishing the setting of control parameters of the binocular stereoscopic vision system;
step 5, arranging a high-speed camera around the clamp, adjusting the visual angle of the high-speed camera, and observing the deformation fracture evolution process of the surface of the hard rock test piece through the side surfaces of the front bearing plate, the rear bearing plate, the left bearing plate and the right bearing plate, wherein when an experiment starts, firstly, a middle-low frame frequency is adopted to observe the compression deformation process of the hard rock test piece for a long time, and after strain localization, a high frame frequency is adopted to observe the fracture evolution process of the hard rock test piece;
Step 6, when an experiment starts, simultaneously starting an acoustic emission sensor, a wide-angle high-definition camera, a binocular stereoscopic vision system and a high-speed camera, acquiring acoustic emission signals through the acoustic emission sensor, transmitting the acoustic emission signals to the acoustic emission system, judging the initiation, expansion and cracking stages of cracks in the rock, and further analyzing the damage of the applied intensity to the rock; the rock compression deformation process is collected through a wide-angle high-definition camera and transmitted to a computer; the position change of the scattered spots is collected through a binocular stereoscopic vision system and transmitted to a computer for measuring the full-field strain and displacement; the rock compression deformation process and the fracture evolution process are collected through a high-speed camera and transmitted to a computer, and the in-situ, real-time, continuous and visual observation of the whole hard rock deformation fracture evolution process under the true triaxial is realized by utilizing the high-speed camera, a wide-angle high-definition camera and a three-dimensional digital image correlation method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111120875.1A CN113702185B (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Clamp and observation method for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance cracking under true triaxial |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111120875.1A CN113702185B (en) | 2021-09-24 | 2021-09-24 | Clamp and observation method for visual quantitative study of hard rock disturbance cracking under true triaxial |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113702185A CN113702185A (en) | 2021-11-26 |
| CN113702185B true CN113702185B (en) | 2024-05-10 |
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