CN113281162A - Sample full-interlocking type linkage clamp for eliminating stress blank angle and use method - Google Patents
Sample full-interlocking type linkage clamp for eliminating stress blank angle and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113281162A CN113281162A CN202110564259.9A CN202110564259A CN113281162A CN 113281162 A CN113281162 A CN 113281162A CN 202110564259 A CN202110564259 A CN 202110564259A CN 113281162 A CN113281162 A CN 113281162A
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- cushion block
- bearing cushion
- bearing
- deformation measuring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
- G01N2203/0423—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils using screws
Abstract
The utility model provides a full interlocking formula linkage anchor clamps of sample of stress relief blank angle and application method, includes six pressure-bearing cushion blocks, and six pressure-bearing cushion blocks are constituteed by internal surface, first side, second side, third side and fourth side, and the first side is equipped with the slider, offers the parallel spout that is close to the fourth side on the internal surface, and six pressure-bearing cushion blocks form the cavity through slider and spout cooperation, have placed the rock sample in the cavity, the third side of pressure-bearing cushion and the fourth side of the pressure-bearing cushion of syntropy installation all are equipped with through deformation measuring piece fixing support and warp the measuring piece. The invention can be applied to the research of the geotechnical engineering true triaxial test, can effectively eliminate the stress blank angle generated by the large expansion deformation of the geotechnical body in the true triaxial test due to the small principal stress direction, and can realize the accurate measurement of the deformation of the sample in the test process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics experiments, and particularly relates to a sample full-interlocking type linkage clamp for eliminating a stress blank angle and a using method.
Background
Deep engineering rock mass is in true three-dimensional stress state sigma1＞σ2＞σ3And a true triaxial compression test is developed, so that the mechanical behavior of the deep engineering rock mass can be revealed.
The patent with publication number CN201434800 discloses a rock sample sealing device in a 'two just one gentle' type rock true triaxial test, the device adopts a four-side mutually-buckled clamp, adopts a sealing rubber strip and a silica gel coating to seal, and eliminates a stress blank angle, but when sigma is3At large expansion deformation in direction, σ1And σ2The bearing plate in the direction can not completely cover the sample, and a stress blank angle can be generated; when sigma is2When the direction is also subjected to larger expansion deformation, the silica gel coating is easy to tear and lose efficacy, sigma2The bearing plate in the direction can not drive the sigma1Movement of the bearing plate in the direction σ2Bearing plate for direction and sigma3A gap, i.e., a stress blank angle, is generated between the direction bearing plates. Meanwhile, the clamp only consists of four bearing cushion blocks and cannot be directly used for a three-steel rock true triaxial testing machine.
The patent with publication number CN112414838A adopts six pressing plates commonly used in a "three steel" type rock true triaxial tester, and the sizes of the pressing plates in two adjacent loading directions are smaller than the size of the sample, so that the corners of the sample cannot be stressed, the stress on the surface of the sample is uneven, and the damage form of the sample is affected.
The patent with publication number CN102621001A discloses a true three-dimensional sliding type variable-size loading box device for geomechanical model test. Practice has shown that sigma is due to the compression process, especially in the post-peak phase3The direction can generate large expansion deformation, and the separated full-interlocking structure can cause sigma along with the expansion of the sample1And σ2Bearing plate and sigma of direction3Gaps, i.e., stress blank angles, are created between the bearing plates in the direction. Due to the symmetry of the stress blank angle, the failure mode of the test piece is mostly single-bevel shearing. Thus, it is possible to provideThe existing technology only eliminates the stress blank angle of the rock under the compression condition, but the stress blank angle still can be generated in the expansion deformation direction of the rock, and particularly for soft rock with large deformation, the overlarge stress blank angle can cause uneven stress, and the real damage behavior of the rock is seriously influenced.
Patent publication No. CN110487621A discloses a square sample full-interlocking loading pressing plate mechanism for true triaxial test. Only the stress blank angle of the rock in compression is eliminated, but in the direction of the rock expansion deformation, the stress blank angle is still generated. For soft rock samples, σ is due to the compression process, especially the post-peak phase3The direction can generate large expansion deformation, and the separated loading pressing plate mechanism can cause sigma along with the expansion of the sample1And σ2Bearing plate and sigma of direction3Gaps, i.e., stress blank angles, are created between the bearing plates in the direction. Due to the symmetry of the stress blank angle, the failure mode of the test piece is mostly single-slope shearing, and the real failure behavior of the rock is seriously influenced. Meanwhile, only one deformation measuring piece is arranged in the front-back direction, the up-down direction and the left-right direction respectively, only the deformation of a sample at the straight line where the deformation measuring piece is located can be measured, the measured deformation has locality due to the heterogeneity of the rock sample, and the calculated volume deformation has larger error.
In addition, due to the limited operating space, the current rock true triaxial testing machine is equipped with 3 deformation measuring pieces which are perpendicular to each other and are respectively used for measuring sigma1、σ2、σ3The deformation in three directions is measured, and due to the non-uniformity of the deformation of the sample, only one deformation measuring piece is arranged in one direction, so that the inaccuracy of the deformation measurement and the large error of the volume measurement can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sample full-interlocking type linkage clamp for eliminating a stress blank angle and a using method thereof, wherein the clamp adopts a full-interlocking type arrangement mode, the clamps are connected through a sliding block and a through sliding groove, and the stress blank angle cannot be generated in the test process; the deformation measuring piece is directly and fixedly installed on the side face of the clamp, and the two deformation measuring pieces are installed in the same direction, so that the deformation measuring precision of the rock sample can be effectively improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sample full-mutually-buckled linkage clamp for eliminating a stress blank angle comprises six pressure-bearing cushion blocks, namely a first pressure-bearing cushion block, a second pressure-bearing cushion block, a third pressure-bearing cushion block, a fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, a fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and a sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, wherein the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the second pressure-bearing cushion block, the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block are all composed of an inner surface, an outer surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface, a sliding block is arranged on the first side surface, a sliding groove which is parallel to and close to the fourth side surface is formed in the inner surface, the sliding block with pressure bearing of the first cushion block is matched with the sliding groove of the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the sliding block of the third pressure-bearing cushion block is matched with the sliding groove of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block, the sliding block with the sliding groove of the second cushion block, the sliding block of the second pressure-bearing cushion block is matched with the sliding groove of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the sliding block of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block is matched with the sliding groove of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, the third side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block is connected with the outer surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, the outer surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block is connected with the third side surface of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block and the outer surface of the third pressure-bearing cushion block through a bar-shaped connecting frame and a connecting bolt respectively, the second side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the second side surface of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block and the second side surface of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block, the second side surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block, the second side surface of the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the second side surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block are connected through a three-side right-angle connecting frame and a connecting bolt respectively, so that the six pressure-bearing cushion blocks are connected to form a cavity, a rock sample is placed in the cavity, and the third side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block and the fourth side surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block are provided with a deformation measuring piece fixing support The fourth side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block and the third side surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block are provided with a fore-and-aft deformation second deformation measuring piece through a deformation measuring piece fixing support; a third deformation measuring part which deforms in the vertical direction is arranged on the third side face of the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the fourth side face of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block through a deformation measuring part fixing support, and a fourth deformation measuring part which deforms in the vertical direction is arranged on the fourth side face of the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the third side face of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block through a deformation measuring part fixing support; a fifth deformation measuring part for left-right deformation is arranged on the third side surface of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the fourth side surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block through a deformation measuring part fixing support, and a sixth deformation measuring part for left-right deformation is arranged on the fourth side surface of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the third side surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block through a deformation measuring part fixing support; the first deformation measuring part and the second deformation measuring part in the front-back direction are used for measuring deformation of the rock sample in the front-back direction, the third deformation measuring part and the fourth deformation measuring part in the up-down direction are used for measuring deformation of the rock sample in the up-down direction, and the fifth deformation measuring part and the sixth deformation measuring part in the left-right direction are used for measuring deformation of the rock sample in the left-right direction.
The first deformation measuring piece, the second deformation measuring piece, the third deformation measuring piece, the fourth deformation measuring piece, the fifth deformation measuring piece and the sixth deformation measuring piece are mutually vertically distributed in space, and the arrangement form of the two deformation measuring pieces in the same direction is centrosymmetric about the geometric center of the clamp.
The deformation measuring part fixing support comprises a deformation measuring part waist fixing support and a deformation measuring part end fixing support, the deformation measuring part waist fixing support is arranged on the third side face, and the deformation measuring part end fixing support is arranged on the fourth side face; the deformation difference of two ends of the sample is avoided to be large, the body strain error is avoided, and the sample deformation measurement precision can be effectively improved.
Two rows of balls are arranged in the sliding groove, grooves are formed in two sides of the sliding block, the sliding groove and the sliding block are installed in a sliding mode through the balls, and the balls in the sliding groove can linearly roll in the grooves.
The thicknesses of the six pressure-bearing cushion blocks are the same, the lengths of the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block are equal to the sum of the length of the rock sample and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block, and the widths of the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block are equal to the sum of the width of the rock sample and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block at one end of; the length of the first pressure-bearing cushion block and the second pressure-bearing cushion block is equal to the sum of the width of the rock sample and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block at one end of the rock sample, and the width of the first pressure-bearing cushion block and the width of the second pressure-bearing cushion block are equal to the sum of the height of the rock sample and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block.
And an antifriction layer is arranged between the rock sample and the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the second pressure-bearing cushion block, the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, and the antifriction layer is made of vaseline, stearic acid or copper sheets.
Two cylindrical blind holes are formed in the outer surface of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the clamp is connected with a lower pressure head of the testing machine through the cylindrical blind holes, and the clamp is positioned, so that pressure acts on a rock sample vertically.
A use method of a sample full-interlocking type linkage clamp for eliminating a true triaxial stress blank angle comprises the following steps:
step 4, loosening a fastening clamp bolt on the tool box, and taking down a fastening clamp base plate; taking out the full-buckled linkage clamp from the tool box, and respectively installing a deformation measuring part waist fixing support and a deformation measuring part end fixing support on the third side and the fourth side of the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the second pressure-bearing cushion block, the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block;
step 7, detaching the connecting frame and the connecting bolt on the full-buckled linkage clamp to perform a true triaxial loading test; in the test process, when the rock sample is compressed or expanded in the front-back direction, the first pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block and moves backwards or forwards, the second pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block, and the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the third pressure-bearing cushion block and moves forwards or backwards; when the rock sample is compressed or expanded in the vertical direction, the third pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the first pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block and moves downwards or upwards, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the second pressure-bearing cushion block, and the second pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and moves upwards or downwards; when the rock sample is compressed or expanded in the left-right direction, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the third pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the first pressure-bearing cushion block and moves rightwards or leftwards, the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, and the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the second pressure-bearing cushion block and moves leftwards or rightwards; in the process, the rock sample is always in a combined body formed by six pressure bearing cushion blocks, and a stress blank angle cannot exist.
The tool box comprises a top plate, a bottom plate, a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left side plate and a right side plate, wherein the periphery of the upper surface of the bottom plate is sequentially connected with the front side plate, the rear side plate, the left side plate and the right side plate through bolts; a round through hole is arranged on the bottom plate, one of the three-surface right-angle connecting frames, the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block and the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block are fixedly connected by bolts through the round through hole, a right-angle hole is arranged at the joint of the right side plate and the rear side plate, the other three-surface right-angle connecting frame is fixedly connected with the second pressure-bearing cushion block, the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block by bolts through the right-angle hole, a horizontal long hole I is arranged at the bottom of the right side plate, one of the strip-shaped connecting frames is connected with the first pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block through the long hole I by bolts, the bottom of the rear side plate is provided with a vertical long hole II, the other strip-shaped connecting frame is connected with the second pressure-bearing cushion block and the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block through the long hole II by bolts, and the third strip-shaped connecting frame is connected with the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block through the opening of the tooling box by bolts.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the clamp adopts a full-buckled linkage arrangement mode, and no matter in the compression or expansion process, a stress blank angle can not occur during loading; the deformation measuring pieces are directly and fixedly arranged on the side surfaces of the pressure-bearing cushion blocks, and the arrangement form of the two deformation measuring pieces in the same direction is centrosymmetric about the geometric center of the clamp, so that the problem that the deformation difference of two ends of a sample is large to cause a body strain error is avoided, and the deformation measuring precision of a rock sample can be effectively improved; the use of frock box can effectively fasten anchor clamps, eliminates the gap between the anchor clamps for anchor clamps surfacing, and then form rock sample anchor clamps assembly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a sample fully interlocking linkage fixture for eliminating true triaxial stress blank angles according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a pressure-bearing cushion block of the sample full-interlocking type linkage clamp for eliminating a true triaxial stress blank angle according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a fitting manner of a pressure-bearing cushion block of the sample full-interlocking type linkage clamp for eliminating a true triaxial stress blank angle according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a full interlocking specimen linkage fixture for eliminating true triaxial stress blank angles according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an assembly diagram of a sample fully interlocking type linkage clamp for eliminating true triaxial stress blank angles according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a tool box of the sample full-interlocking type linkage clamp for eliminating a true triaxial stress blank angle according to the present invention;
1-a first bearing cushion block, 2-a second bearing cushion block, 3-a third bearing cushion block, 4-a fourth bearing cushion block, 5-a fifth bearing cushion block, 6-a sixth bearing cushion block, 7-a rock sample, 8-an antifriction layer, 9-a first deformation measuring piece, 10-a second deformation measuring piece, 11-a third deformation measuring piece, 12-a fourth deformation measuring piece, 13-a fifth deformation measuring piece, 14-a sixth deformation measuring piece, 15-a deformation measuring piece waist fixing support, 16-a deformation measuring piece end fixing support, 17-an inner surface, 18-an outer surface, 19-a first side surface, 20-a second side surface, 21-a third side surface, 22-a fourth side surface, 23-a sliding block, 24-a sliding chute, 25-a first inner surface, 26-a second inner surface, 27-a third inner surface, 28-a strip-shaped connecting frame, 29-a connecting bolt, 30-a tooling box, 31-a fastening clamp bolt, 32-a fastening clamp backing plate, 33-a three-side right-angle connecting frame, 34-a top plate, 35-a bottom plate, 36-a left side plate, 37-a right side plate, 38-a front side plate, 39-a rear side plate, 40-a circular through hole, 41-a right-angle hole, 42-a long hole I and 43-a long hole II.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
A sample full-mutually-buckled linkage clamp for eliminating a stress blank angle comprises six pressure-bearing cushion blocks, namely a first pressure-bearing cushion block 1, a second pressure-bearing cushion block 2, a third pressure-bearing cushion block 3, a fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4, a fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 and a sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6, wherein the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1, the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2, the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 are all composed of an inner surface 17, an outer surface 18, a first side surface 19, a second side surface 20, a third side surface 21 and a fourth side surface 22, as shown in figure 1, the upper side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 is the first side surface 19, the left side surface is the second side surface 20, the right side; the lower side surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 is a first side surface 19, the right side surface is a second side surface 20, the left side surface is a third side surface 21, and the upper side surface is a fourth side surface 22; the left side surface of the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 is a first side surface 19, the rear side surface is a second side surface 20, the front side surface is a third side surface 21, and the right side surface is a fourth side surface 22; the right side surface of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 is a first side surface 19, the front side surface is a second side surface 20, the rear side surface is a third side surface 21, and the left side surface is a fourth side surface 22; the rear side surface of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 is a first side surface 19, the lower side surface is a second side surface 20, the upper side surface is a third side surface 21, and the front side surface is a fourth side surface 22; the front side surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 is a first side surface 19, the upper side surface is a second side surface 20, the lower side surface is a third side surface 21, the rear side surface is a fourth side surface 22, the first side surface 19 is provided with a slide block 23, the inner surface 17 is provided with a slide groove 24 which is parallel and close to the fourth side surface 22, the slide block 23 of the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 is matched with the slide groove 24 of the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3, the slide groove 24 of the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 is matched with the slide block 23 of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6, the slide block 23 of the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 is matched with the slide groove 24 of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5, the slide block 23 of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 is matched with the slide groove 24 of the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2, the slide block 23 of the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 is matched with the slide groove 24 of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4, the slide block 23 of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 is matched with the slide groove 24 of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6, the third side surface 21 of the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 is matched with the outer surface 18 of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6, The outer surface 18 of the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 is connected with the third side surface 21 of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4, the outer surface 18 of the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 is connected with the third side surface 21 of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 through a strip-shaped connecting frame 28 and a connecting bolt 29 respectively, the second side surface 20 of the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1, the second side surface 20 of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 and the second side surface 20 of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5, the second side surface 20 of the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2, the second side surface 20 of the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 and the second side surface 20 of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 are connected through a three-surface right-angle connecting frame 33 and a connecting bolt 29 respectively, so that the six pressure-bearing cushion blocks are connected to form a cavity, a rock sample 7 is placed in the cavity, the first deformation measuring piece 9 for forward and backward deformation is arranged between the third side surface 21 of the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 and the fourth side surface 22 of the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 through a deformation measuring piece fixing support, the fourth side 22 of the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 and the third side 21 of the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 are provided with a front-back direction deformation second deformation measuring piece 10 through a deformation measuring piece fixing support; a third vertical deformation measuring part 11 is arranged on the third side surface 21 of the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 and the fourth side surface 22 of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 through a deformation measuring part fixing support, and a fourth vertical deformation measuring part 12 is arranged on the fourth side surface 22 of the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 and the third side surface 21 of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 through a deformation measuring part fixing support; a fifth left-right direction deformation measuring part 13 is arranged on the third side surface 21 of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 and the fourth side surface 22 of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 through a deformation measuring part fixing support, and a sixth left-right direction deformation measuring part 14 is arranged on the fourth side surface 22 of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 and the third side surface 21 of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 through a deformation measuring part fixing support; the front-rear direction first deformation measuring device 9 and the second deformation measuring device 10 are used for measuring the front-rear direction deformation amount of the rock sample 7, the up-down direction third deformation measuring device 11 and the up-down direction fourth deformation measuring device 12 are used for measuring the up-down direction deformation amount of the rock sample 7, and the left-right direction fifth deformation measuring device 13 and the left-right direction sixth deformation measuring device 14 are used for measuring the left-right direction deformation amount of the rock sample 7, as shown in fig. 2 to 5.
The first deformation measuring part 9, the second deformation measuring part 10, the third deformation measuring part 11, the fourth deformation measuring part 12, the fifth deformation measuring part 13 and the sixth deformation measuring part 14 are mutually vertically distributed in space, and the arrangement form of the two deformation measuring parts positioned in the same direction is centrosymmetric about the geometric center of the clamp; the space is reasonably utilized, so that the six deformation measuring pieces can avoid a pressure head loading surface.
The deformation measuring part fixing support comprises a deformation measuring part waist fixing support 15 and a deformation measuring part end fixing support 16, the deformation measuring part waist fixing support 15 is arranged on the third side surface 21, and the deformation measuring part end fixing support 16 is arranged on the fourth side surface 22; the deformation difference of two ends of the sample is avoided to be large, the body strain error is avoided, and the sample deformation measurement precision can be effectively improved.
Two rows of balls are arranged in the sliding groove 24, grooves are formed in two sides of the sliding block 23, the sliding groove 24 and the sliding block 23 are installed in a sliding mode through the balls, and the balls in the sliding groove 24 can linearly roll in the grooves.
The thicknesses of the six pressure-bearing cushion blocks are the same, the lengths of the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 are equal to the sum of the length of the rock sample 7 and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block, and the widths of the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 are equal to the sum of the width of the rock sample 7 and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block at one end of the rock sample 7; the lengths of the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 and the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 are equal to the sum of the width of the rock sample 7 and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block at one end of the rock sample 7, and the widths of the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 and the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 are equal to the sum of the height of the rock sample 7 and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block.
And an antifriction layer 8 is arranged between the rock sample 7 and the inner surfaces 17 of the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1, the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2, the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6, and the antifriction layer 8 is made of vaseline, stearic acid or copper sheets.
The fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 is provided with two cylindrical blind holes, and the clamp is connected with the lower pressure head of the testing machine through the cylindrical blind holes to position the clamp, so that pressure acts on the rock sample 7 vertically.
The first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 and the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 are arranged in parallel in the front-back direction, the parallel distance is the length of a rock sample 7, and the distance of one pressure-bearing cushion block thickness is staggered in the up-down direction and the left-right direction; the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 and the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, the parallel distance is the height of the rock sample 7, and the distance of the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block is staggered in the front-back direction and the left-right direction; the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 are arranged in parallel in the left-right direction, the parallel distance is the width of the rock sample 7, and the distance of one pressure-bearing cushion block thickness is staggered in the front-back direction and the up-down direction.
A use method of a sample full-interlocking type linkage clamp for eliminating a true triaxial stress blank angle comprises the following steps:
step 4, loosening the fastening clamp bolt 31 on the tool box 30, and taking down the fastening clamp backing plate 32; taking out the full-buckled linkage clamp from the tool box 30, and respectively installing a deformation measuring part waist fixing support 15 and a deformation measuring part end fixing support 16 on a third side 21 and a fourth side 22 of a first pressure-bearing cushion block 1, a second pressure-bearing cushion block 2, a third pressure-bearing cushion block 3, a fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4, a fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 and a sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6;
step 7, detaching the connecting frame 28 and the connecting bolt 29 on the full-buckled linkage clamp to perform a true triaxial loading test; in the test process, when the rock sample 7 is compressed or expanded in the front-back direction, the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 is linked with the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6, the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 is linked with the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 to move backwards or forwards, the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 is linked with the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5, and the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 is linked with the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 to move forwards or backwards; when the rock sample 7 is compressed or expanded vertically, the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 is linked with the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1, the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 is linked with the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 to move downwards or upwards, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 is linked with the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2, and the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 is linked with the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 to move upwards or downwards; when the rock sample 7 is compressed or expanded in the left-right direction, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 is linked with the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3, the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 is linked with the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 to move rightwards or leftwards, the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 is linked with the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4, and the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 is linked with the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 to move leftwards or rightwards; in the process, the rock sample 7 is always in the combination formed by the six pressure bearing cushion blocks, and no stress blank angle exists.
The tool box 30 comprises a top plate 34, a bottom plate 35, a front side plate 38, a rear side plate 39, a left side plate 36 and a right side plate 37, the periphery of the upper surface of the bottom plate 35 is sequentially connected with the front side plate 38, the rear side plate 39, the left side plate 36 and the right side plate 37 through bolts, the tops of the rear side plate 39, the left side plate 36 and the right side plate 37 are connected with the top plate 34 through bolts to enable the tool box 30 to form a structure with one open end, a pressure-bearing cushion block is conveniently placed in the tool box 30 to be assembled, the assembled pressure-bearing cushion block is placed in a fully-buckled linkage clamp to be taken out of the tool box 30, two fastening clamp bolts 31 are screwed on the front side plate 38, the left side plate 36 and the top plate 34, fastening clamp base plates 32 are arranged at the tail ends of screws of the fastening clamp bolts 31 and used for fastening the clamps and eliminating gaps among the clamps to enable the surfaces of the clamps to be smooth; the bottom plate 35 is provided with a round through hole 40, one of the three-sided right-angle connecting frames 33 is fixed with the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 and the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 through the round through hole 40 in a bolted connection mode, the joint of the right side plate 37 and the rear side plate 39 is provided with a right-angle hole 41, the other three-sided right-angle connecting frame 33 is fixed with the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2, the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 through the right-angle hole 41 in a bolted connection mode, the bottom of the right side plate 37 is provided with a horizontal long hole I42, one of the bar-shaped connecting frames 28 is connected with the first pressure-bearing cushion block 1 and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block 6 through the long hole I42 in a bolted connection mode, the bottom of the rear side plate 39 is provided with a vertical long hole II 43, the other bar-shaped connecting frame 28 is connected with the second pressure-bearing cushion block 2 and the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block 4 through the long hole II 43 in a bolted connection mode, and the third pressure-bearing frame 28 is connected with the third pressure-bearing cushion block 3 and the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block 5 through the open position of the tool packing box 30 in a bolted connection mode As shown in fig. 6.
Claims (9)
1. A sample full-mutually-buckled linkage clamp for eliminating a stress blank angle is characterized by comprising six pressure-bearing cushion blocks, namely a first pressure-bearing cushion block, a second pressure-bearing cushion block, a third pressure-bearing cushion block, a fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, a fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and a sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, wherein the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the second pressure-bearing cushion block, the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block are all composed of an inner surface, an outer surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a third side surface and a fourth side surface, the first side surface is provided with a sliding block, a sliding groove which is parallel to and close to the fourth side surface is arranged on the inner surface, the sliding block of the first pressure-bearing cushion block is matched with the sliding groove of the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the sliding block of the third pressure-bearing cushion block is matched with the sliding groove of the fifth pressure, the sliding block of the second pressure-bearing cushion block is matched with the sliding groove of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the sliding block of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block is matched with the sliding groove of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, the third side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block is connected with the outer surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, the outer surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block is connected with the third side surface of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block and the outer surface of the third pressure-bearing cushion block through a bar-shaped connecting frame and a connecting bolt respectively, the second side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the second side surface of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block and the second side surface of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block, the second side surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block, the second side surface of the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the second side surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block are connected through a three-side right-angle connecting frame and a connecting bolt respectively, so that the six pressure-bearing cushion blocks are connected to form a cavity, a rock sample is placed in the cavity, and the third side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block and the fourth side surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block are provided with a deformation measuring piece fixing support The fourth side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block and the third side surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block are provided with a fore-and-aft deformation second deformation measuring piece through a deformation measuring piece fixing support; a third deformation measuring part which deforms in the vertical direction is arranged on the third side face of the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the fourth side face of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block through a deformation measuring part fixing support, and a fourth deformation measuring part which deforms in the vertical direction is arranged on the fourth side face of the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the third side face of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block through a deformation measuring part fixing support; a fifth deformation measuring part for left-right deformation is arranged on the third side surface of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the fourth side surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block through a deformation measuring part fixing support, and a sixth deformation measuring part for left-right deformation is arranged on the fourth side surface of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the third side surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block through a deformation measuring part fixing support; the first deformation measuring part and the second deformation measuring part in the front-back direction are used for measuring deformation of the rock sample in the front-back direction, the third deformation measuring part and the fourth deformation measuring part in the up-down direction are used for measuring deformation of the rock sample in the up-down direction, and the fifth deformation measuring part and the sixth deformation measuring part in the left-right direction are used for measuring deformation of the rock sample in the left-right direction.
2. The full-interlocking linkage clamp for the stress relief angle sample as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first deformation measuring piece, the second deformation measuring piece, the third deformation measuring piece, the fourth deformation measuring piece, the fifth deformation measuring piece and the sixth deformation measuring piece are mutually vertically distributed in space, and the arrangement form of the two deformation measuring pieces in the same direction is centrosymmetric about the geometric center of the clamp.
3. The full-interlocking linkage clamp for the stress relief angle sample as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the deformation measuring part fixing support comprises a deformation measuring part waist fixing support and a deformation measuring part end fixing support, the deformation measuring part waist fixing support is arranged on the third side face, and the deformation measuring part end fixing support is arranged on the fourth side face; the deformation difference of two ends of the sample is avoided to be large, the body strain error is avoided, and the sample deformation measurement precision can be effectively improved.
4. The full-interlocking linkage clamp for the stress relief angle sample as claimed in claim 1, wherein: two rows of balls are arranged in the sliding groove, grooves are formed in two sides of the sliding block, the sliding groove and the sliding block are installed in a sliding mode through the balls, and the balls in the sliding groove can linearly roll in the grooves.
5. The full-interlocking linkage clamp for the stress relief angle sample as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thicknesses of the six pressure-bearing cushion blocks are the same, the lengths of the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block are equal to the sum of the length of the rock sample and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block, and the widths of the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block are equal to the sum of the width of the rock sample and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block at one end of; the length of the first pressure-bearing cushion block and the second pressure-bearing cushion block is equal to the sum of the width of the rock sample and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block at one end of the rock sample, and the width of the first pressure-bearing cushion block and the width of the second pressure-bearing cushion block are equal to the sum of the height of the rock sample and the thickness of one pressure-bearing cushion block.
6. The full-interlocking linkage clamp for the stress relief angle sample as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and an antifriction layer is arranged between the rock sample and the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the second pressure-bearing cushion block, the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, and the antifriction layer is made of vaseline, stearic acid or copper sheets.
7. The full-interlocking linkage clamp for the stress relief angle sample as claimed in claim 1, wherein: two cylindrical blind holes are formed in the outer surface of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the clamp is connected with a lower pressure head of the testing machine through the cylindrical blind holes, and the clamp is positioned, so that pressure acts on a rock sample vertically.
8. A method of using a full interlocking type linkage clamp for eliminating true triaxial stress blank angles for a sample, which adopts the full interlocking type linkage clamp of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, uniformly adhering an anti-friction layer to the inner surfaces of a first pressure-bearing cushion block, a second pressure-bearing cushion block, a third pressure-bearing cushion block, a fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, a fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and a sixth pressure-bearing cushion block;
step 2, attaching the outer surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block to the first inner surface of the tool box, attaching the fourth side surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block to the second inner surface of the tool box, and attaching the third side surface of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block to the third inner surface of the tool box; embedding a sliding block of a fourth pressure-bearing cushion block in a sliding groove of a sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, and sliding the sliding block to the outer surface of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block from top to bottom to be attached to a third inner surface of the tool box; embedding the sliding block of the second pressure-bearing cushion block in the sliding groove of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, sliding from front to back to the outer surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block to be attached to the second inner surface of the tool box, and forming a semi-covered assembly by the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block and the second pressure-bearing cushion block; placing the rock sample into the semi-cladding assembly according to a specified direction, and tightly attaching the rock sample to the inner surface; the fourth side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block is attached to the third inner surface of the tool box, and the sliding groove of the first pressure-bearing cushion block is sleeved outside the sliding block of the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block and slides from left to right until the third side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block is attached to the first inner surface of the tool box; sleeving a sliding groove of a third pressure-bearing cushion block outside a sliding block of the first pressure-bearing cushion block, and sliding the sliding groove to a second side surface of the third pressure-bearing cushion block from front to back to be attached to the inner surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block; moving the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the first pressure-bearing cushion block to the left integrally to a first side surface of the third pressure-bearing cushion block, and enabling a second side surface of the first pressure-bearing cushion block to be matched with a fourth side surface of the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block; sleeving a sliding groove of a fifth pressure-bearing cushion block outside a sliding block of a third pressure-bearing cushion block, sliding the sliding groove of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block from top to bottom to a third side surface of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block to be matched with the outer surface of the third pressure-bearing cushion block, embedding the sliding block of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block in the sliding groove of the second pressure-bearing cushion block, and sliding the sliding block of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block from left to right, so that the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block, the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the first pressure-bearing cushion block integrally slide rightwards until the outer surface of the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block is matched with the third side surface of the second pressure-bearing cushion block; fastening the full-mutually-buckled linkage clamp by using a fastening clamp bolt on the tool box and a fastening clamp base plate;
step 3, mounting a connecting frame and a connecting bolt to fix a first pressure-bearing cushion block, a second pressure-bearing cushion block, a third pressure-bearing cushion block, a fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, a fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and a sixth pressure-bearing cushion block into a whole, so as to form a full-buckled linkage clamp;
step 4, loosening a fastening clamp bolt on the tool box, and taking down a fastening clamp base plate; taking out the full-buckled linkage clamp from the tool box, and respectively installing a deformation measuring part waist fixing support and a deformation measuring part end fixing support on the third side and the fourth side of the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the second pressure-bearing cushion block, the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block;
step 5, placing the full-buckled linkage clamp on a rock-soil true triaxial testing machine, and applying pretightening force;
step 6, respectively fixing a first deformation measuring part, a second deformation measuring part, a third deformation measuring part, a fourth deformation measuring part, a fifth deformation measuring part and a sixth deformation measuring part on a deformation measuring part fixing support in each direction;
step 7, detaching the connecting frame and the connecting bolt on the full-buckled linkage clamp to perform a true triaxial loading test; in the test process, when the rock sample is compressed or expanded in the front-back direction, the first pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block, the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block and moves backwards or forwards, the second pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block, and the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the third pressure-bearing cushion block and moves forwards or backwards; when the rock sample is compressed or expanded in the vertical direction, the third pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the first pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block and moves downwards or upwards, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the second pressure-bearing cushion block, and the second pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block and moves upwards or downwards; when the rock sample is compressed or expanded in the left-right direction, the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the third pressure-bearing cushion block, the third pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the first pressure-bearing cushion block and moves rightwards or leftwards, the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block, and the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block is linked with the second pressure-bearing cushion block and moves leftwards or rightwards; in the process, the rock sample is always in a combined body formed by six pressure bearing cushion blocks, and a stress blank angle cannot exist.
9. The use method of the sample full-interlocking linkage clamp for eliminating the true triaxial stress blank angle according to claim 8, wherein the sample full-interlocking linkage clamp comprises the following steps: the tool box comprises a top plate, a bottom plate, a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left side plate and a right side plate, wherein the periphery of the upper surface of the bottom plate is sequentially connected with the front side plate, the rear side plate, the left side plate and the right side plate through bolts; a round through hole is arranged on the bottom plate, one of the three-surface right-angle connecting frames, the first pressure-bearing cushion block, the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block and the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block are fixedly connected by bolts through the round through hole, a right-angle hole is arranged at the joint of the right side plate and the rear side plate, the other three-surface right-angle connecting frame is fixedly connected with the second pressure-bearing cushion block, the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block by bolts through the right-angle hole, a horizontal long hole I is arranged at the bottom of the right side plate, one of the strip-shaped connecting frames is connected with the first pressure-bearing cushion block and the sixth pressure-bearing cushion block through the long hole I by bolts, the bottom of the rear side plate is provided with a vertical long hole II, the other strip-shaped connecting frame is connected with the second pressure-bearing cushion block and the fourth pressure-bearing cushion block through the long hole II by bolts, and the third strip-shaped connecting frame is connected with the third pressure-bearing cushion block and the fifth pressure-bearing cushion block through the opening of the tooling box by bolts.
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| CN113702185A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-11-26 | 广西大学 | Fixture and observation method for visual quantitative research on disturbance fracture of hard rock under true triaxial |
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| CN113281162B (en) | 2022-10-18 |
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