CN114810052B - Shale borehole wall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device and method under drill string disturbance - Google Patents
Shale borehole wall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device and method under drill string disturbance Download PDFInfo
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- CN114810052B CN114810052B CN202210732066.4A CN202210732066A CN114810052B CN 114810052 B CN114810052 B CN 114810052B CN 202210732066 A CN202210732066 A CN 202210732066A CN 114810052 B CN114810052 B CN 114810052B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/10—Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/70—Combining sequestration of CO2 and exploitation of hydrocarbons by injecting CO2 or carbonated water in oil wells
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, in particular to a shale borehole wall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device and method under drill column disturbance. The technical scheme is as follows: the drilling string disturbance simulation system comprises a large-size test sample and a pressure chamber, wherein a high-pressure fluid saturation cavity is arranged in the pressure chamber, the large-size test sample is arranged in the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity, an X-direction hydraulic cylinder, a Y-direction hydraulic cylinder, a Z-direction hydraulic cylinder and a wellhead sealing device are arranged on the outer wall of the pressure chamber, and the drilling string penetrates through the wellhead sealing device; the beneficial effects are that: the method can simulate the real shale drilling construction process flow, further obtain the shale flow curing coupling damage rule under different geological conditions, different drilling fluid parameters and different drill string disturbances, and obtain the shale collapse period under the drill string disturbances.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, in particular to a shale borehole wall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device and method under drill column disturbance.
Background
In China, "carbon dioxide emission strives to reach a peak value before 2030 years, strives to realize carbon neutralization before 2060 years", indicates a direction for ecological civilization construction and green sustainable development, and natural gas and renewable energy collaborative development are the optimal choice at present. The shale gas is favored in clean energy by the characteristics of long mining life and long production period, and especially with the breakthrough of shale gas mining in Fuling areas, the shale gas exploration and development business in China has wide prospect.
But the shale gas exploration and development encounters a worldwide technical problem of poor drilling effect. The shale gas reservoir has large buried depth, deep shale stratum bedding development and serious borehole collapse, so that underground accidents frequently occur, even the borehole is scrapped, and 90% of borehole instability problems are counted to occur in the shale stratum. And the marine phase shale gas area in China is influenced by multi-phase construction activities, the deep shale reservoir conditions are complex, the deep shale reservoir conditions have the characteristics of high stress, high temperature and obvious anisotropy, and the hydration, drill string disturbance and other comprehensive actions in the drilling process aggravate the shale damage and seriously restrict the shale gas exploration and development process.
The factors influencing the shale damage are very complex, mainly come down to three aspects of physicochemical factors, mechanical factors, engineering factors and the like, a great deal of achievements have been obtained on the aspects of physicochemical factors, mechanical factors and coupling action thereof at present, and the shale damage guiding method has a good guiding effect on engineering practice; but the influence mechanism of engineering factors on the shale damage is complex, and the research progress in the aspect is slow. A plurality of field engineers and researchers obtain a well diameter curve by adopting methods such as measurement while drilling and the like, the relation between drill string impact and well wall instability is analyzed, and the drill string impact is considered to have important influence on the well wall instability, and even play a main role. However, at present, deeper theoretical analysis and calculation are not carried out, and the damage rule of the well wall rock impacted by the drill string cannot be revealed due to the lack of the drill string impacting the instability process of the well wall and the analysis of a well wall rock damage mechanism system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shale borehole wall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device and method under drill column disturbance aiming at the defects in the prior art, develop the evolution law and key influence factors of deep shale borehole wall flow solidification multi-field coupling damage under the action of drill column disturbance impact power load, formulate a feasible scheme for inhibiting the instability of a shale borehole wall from the engineering perspective, further develop and enrich the current shale borehole wall stabilization technology, provide theoretical basis and technical support for the prevention and treatment of the deep shale borehole wall instability engineering field, and have important significance for the successful drilling and development of shale gas reservoirs in China.
The invention provides a shale borehole wall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device under drill column disturbance, which comprises a drill column disturbance simulation system, a three-way stress loading system, a pore pressure saturation system, a drilling fluid circulation system and a data acquisition and control system, wherein the drill column disturbance simulation system comprises a large-size sample, a pressure chamber, a wellhead sealing device, a drill column radial rotation power system, a drill column axial movement power system and a drill column disturbance system controller, a high-pressure fluid saturation cavity is arranged in the pressure chamber, the large-size sample is arranged in the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity, an acoustic emission system is arranged on the outer side of the large-size sample, an X-direction hydraulic cylinder, a Y-direction hydraulic cylinder, a Z-direction hydraulic cylinder and a wellhead sealing device are arranged on the outer wall of the pressure chamber, the drill column penetrates through the wellhead sealing device, a gear is arranged at the outer end of the drill column, and the X-direction hydraulic cylinder, The Y-direction hydraulic cylinder and the Z-direction hydraulic cylinder are connected to a three-way stress loading system;
the drill column radial rotation power system comprises a high-power motor, a reduction gearbox and a gear, wherein the output end of the motor is connected with the reduction gearbox, the output end of the reduction gearbox transmits power to the drill column through the gear, so that the drill column is radially rotated to drive a drill bit at the other end of the drill column to rotate, and a shale core arranged in a large-size sample is drilled;
the drill string axial movement power system is formed by sequentially connecting a hydraulic pump, a pressure controller, a pressure sensor and a pressure converter, high-pressure liquid is provided by the hydraulic pump, the pressure controller adjusts hydraulic pressure, the hydraulic pressure is converted into axial pressure of the drill string by the pressure converter, and the axial force is fed back to the data acquisition and servo control device by the pressure sensor;
the pore pressure saturation system comprises a pore pressure saturation system controller, a formation fluid container, a first constant-current and constant-pressure pump, a first high-pressure intermediate conversion container and a second pressure sensor, wherein the formation fluid container is connected with the first constant-current and constant-pressure pump through a pipeline, the output end of the first constant-current and constant-pressure pump is communicated to a high-pressure fluid saturation cavity in the pressure chamber through the first high-pressure intermediate conversion container, the first constant-current and constant-pressure pump is electrically connected with the pore pressure saturation system controller, and the second pressure sensor is arranged on a pipeline outside the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity;
the drilling fluid circulating system comprises a drilling fluid circulating system controller, a drilling fluid container, a second constant-current constant-pressure pump, a second high-pressure intermediate conversion container, a drilling fluid pressure sensor and a drilling fluid flow sensor, wherein the drilling fluid container is connected to the output end of the pressure converter through the second constant-current constant-pressure pump, the second high-pressure intermediate conversion container and a high-pressure pipeline, the drilling fluid in the drilling fluid container is pressurized by the second constant-current constant-pressure pump in the simulated drilling process, is sent into a shale core of a large-size sample through the high-pressure pipeline and a drill string, and then flows out of a drilling fluid outflow container outside the pressure chamber through a throttle valve.
Preferably, the three-way stress loading system comprises a three-way ground stress applying system controller, a motor, an oil pump, a Z-direction pressurizing controller, an X-direction pressurizing controller, a Y-direction pressurizing controller, a Z-direction pressure sensor, an X-direction pressure sensor and a Y-direction pressure sensor, wherein one end of the motor and the oil pump is connected with the three-way ground stress applying system controller, the other end of the motor and the oil pump is connected with the Z-direction pressurizing controller, the X-direction pressurizing controller and the Y-direction pressurizing controller in parallel, the Z-direction pressurizing controller is connected to the Z-direction hydraulic cylinder through a pipeline, the X-direction pressurizing controller is connected to the X-direction hydraulic cylinder through a pipeline, and the Y-direction pressurizing controller is connected to the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder through a pipeline.
Preferably, the large-size sample is of a cubic structure, a borehole is drilled in the middle of the large-size sample, the outer borehole is expanded in diameter, and an outer opening ring of the wellhead sealing device is installed.
Preferably, the wellhead sealing device comprises an outer opening ring, an inner opening ring and a bearing plate, wherein the outer opening ring is bonded with a well hole by using epoxy resin glue to realize sealing, the inner opening ring is welded below the center of the bearing plate, and the outer opening ring and the inner opening ring are connected by virtue of threads; the bearing plate is cylindrical and comprises a high-pressure drilling fluid sealing box, a drilling fluid outlet and an acoustic emission signal line outlet, and dynamic sealing with a drill column is realized through the high-pressure drilling fluid sealing box.
Preferably, the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity is formed by a metal steel plate, the metal steel plate is welded with the inner wall of one side of the pressure chamber into a whole, the first constant-current and constant-pressure pump pressurizes the high-pressure fluid in the formation fluid container, the high-pressure fluid is continuously fed into the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity through the conversion of the first high-pressure intermediate conversion container until the formation pressure is reached, and the large-size sample is saturated with the high-pressure fluid for two days in the state.
Preferably, the acoustic emission system comprises partition plates, an acoustic emission probe, acoustic emission signal lines and an acoustic emission signal receiver, the four partition plates are respectively arranged on four side surfaces of the large-size sample, concave holes are formed in the partition plates according to a diagonal principle, the acoustic emission probe is arranged in each concave hole, a groove is formed between the two groups of concave holes, and the acoustic emission signal lines are arranged in the grooves.
Preferably, the drill string is made of hollow steel, the end of the drill string is connected with the drill bit, and the drill bit is hollow and allows the drilling fluid to circulate.
The invention provides a using method of a shale borehole wall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device under drill string disturbance, which comprises the following steps:
and 11, after the experiment is completed, taking down the large-size sample, observing the well wall rock form, the drill string state and the drilling fluid flowing-out condition in the large-size sample, scanning and measuring the well wall rock damage form, sequentially measuring the well diameters at different positions of 10 well circumferences from top to bottom along a well hole, drawing a well circumference profile, establishing a well wall data volume profile, and analyzing the shale well wall flow solidification damage rule under the drill string disturbance.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, a large-size sample with mechanical properties similar to those of the shale rock is prepared through a similarity criterion, a three-dimensional ground stress system and a pore pressure saturation system are utilized to simulate a real stratum stress environment, a drilling fluid circulation system and a drill string disturbance simulation system are utilized to simulate a real shale drilling construction process flow, further, shale flow curing coupling damage rules under different geological conditions, different drilling fluid parameters and different drill string disturbances are obtained, a shale collapse period under the drill string disturbance is obtained, a feasible scheme for inhibiting shale borehole wall instability is developed and enriched from an engineering angle, the existing shale borehole wall stabilization technology is developed and enriched, theoretical basis and technical support are provided for prevention and control in the field of shale borehole wall instability engineering, and important significance is provided for successful drilling and development of shale gas reservoirs in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a large scale sample, wellhead seal, and acoustic emission system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pore pressure saturation system;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of 10 well circumferential profile data;
in the upper drawing: the device comprises a data acquisition and servo control device 1, a drill string disturbance system controller 2, a drill string axial movement power system 3, a hydraulic pump 4, a pressure controller 5, a pressure sensor 6, a pressure converter 7, a drill string 8, a large-size sample 9, a pressure chamber 10, a pressure chamber 11, a high-pressure fluid saturated cavity 12, an X-direction hydraulic cylinder 13, a Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 14, a Z-direction hydraulic cylinder 15, a wellhead sealing device 16, a drill string radial rotation power system 17, a motor 18, a reduction gearbox 19, a gear 20, an acoustic emission system 21, a three-way ground stress application system controller 23, a motor and oil pump 24, a Z-direction pressurization controller 25, an X-direction pressurization controller 26, a Y-direction pressurization controller 27, a Z-direction pressure sensor 28, an X-direction pressure sensor 29, a Y-direction pressure sensor 30, a pore pressure saturation system controller 31, a formation fluid container 32, The device comprises a first constant-current and constant-pressure pump 33, a first high-pressure intermediate conversion container 34, a second pressure sensor 35, a drilling fluid circulating system controller 36, a drilling fluid container 37, a second constant-current and constant-pressure pump 38, a second high-pressure intermediate conversion container 39, a drilling fluid pressure sensor 40, a drilling fluid flow sensor 41, a high-pressure pipeline 42, a throttle valve 43, a drilling fluid outflow container 44, a shale core 45, a borehole 46, an outer opening ring 47, an inner opening ring 48, a bearing plate 49, a high-pressure drilling fluid seal box 50, a drilling fluid outlet 51, an acoustic emission signal line outlet 52, a partition plate 53, an acoustic emission probe 54, an acoustic emission signal line 55, a plunger 56 and a push plate 57.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
The invention provides a shale borehole wall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device under drill string disturbance, which comprises a drill string disturbance simulation system, a three-way stress loading system, a pore pressure saturation system, a drilling fluid circulation system and a data acquisition and control system, wherein the drill string disturbance simulation system comprises a large-size sample 9, a pressure chamber 10, a wellhead sealing device 16, a drill string 8, a drill string radial rotation power system 17, a drill string axial movement power system 3 and a drill string disturbance system controller 2, a high-pressure fluid saturation cavity 12 is arranged in the pressure chamber 10, a large-size sample 9 is arranged in the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity 12, an acoustic emission system 21 is arranged on the outer side of the large-size sample 9, an X-direction hydraulic cylinder 13, a Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 14, a Z-direction hydraulic cylinder 15 and the wellhead sealing device 16 are arranged on the outer wall of the pressure chamber 10, the drill string 8 passes through the wellhead sealing device 16, a gear 20 is arranged at the outer end of the drill string 8, and the X-direction hydraulic cylinder 13, the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 14 and the Z-direction hydraulic cylinder 15 are connected to a three-way stress loading system;
the drill string radial rotation power system 17 comprises a high-power motor 18, a reduction gearbox 19 and a gear 20, the output end of the motor 18 is connected with the reduction gearbox 19, the output end of the reduction gearbox 19 transmits power to the drill string 8 through the gear 20, so that the drill string 8 rotates radially, a drill bit at the other end of the drill string 8 is driven to rotate, and a shale core 45 arranged in a large-size sample 9 is drilled;
the drill string axial movement power system 3 is formed by sequentially connecting a hydraulic pump 4, a pressure controller 5, a pressure sensor 6 and a pressure converter 7, high-pressure liquid is provided through the hydraulic pump 4, the pressure controller 5 adjusts hydraulic pressure, the hydraulic pressure is converted into axial pressure of a drill string 8 through the pressure converter 7, and the axial force is fed back to the data acquisition and servo control device 1 through the pressure sensor 6;
the pore pressure saturation system comprises a pore pressure saturation system controller 31, a formation fluid container 32, a first constant-current and constant-pressure pump 33, a first high-pressure intermediate conversion container 34 and a second pressure sensor 35, wherein the formation fluid container 32 is connected with the first constant-current and constant-pressure pump 33 through a pipeline, the output end of the first constant-current and constant-pressure pump 33 is communicated with the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity 12 in the pressure chamber 10 through the first high-pressure intermediate conversion container 34, the first constant-current and constant-pressure pump 33 is electrically connected with the pore pressure saturation system controller 31, and the second pressure sensor 35 is arranged on the pipeline outside the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity 12;
the drilling fluid circulating system comprises a drilling fluid circulating system controller 36, a drilling fluid container 37, a second constant-current constant-pressure pump 38, a second high-pressure intermediate conversion container 39, a drilling fluid pressure sensor 40 and a drilling fluid flow sensor 41, wherein the drilling fluid container 37 is connected to the output end of the pressure converter 7 through the second constant-current constant-pressure pump 38, the second high-pressure intermediate conversion container 39 and a high-pressure pipeline 42, the drilling fluid in the drilling fluid container 37 is pressurized by the second constant-pressure pump 38 in the simulated drilling process, is sent into a shale core 45 of the large-size sample 9 through the high-pressure pipeline 42 and the drill string 8, and then flows out to a drilling fluid outflow container 44 outside the pressure chamber 10 through a throttle valve 43.
Preferably, the three-way stress loading system comprises a three-way ground stress applying system controller 23, a motor and oil pump 24, a Z-direction pressurizing controller 25, an X-direction pressurizing controller 26, a Y-direction pressurizing controller 27, a Z-direction pressure sensor 28, an X-direction pressure sensor 29 and a Y-direction pressure sensor 30, wherein one end of the motor and oil pump 24 is connected with the three-way ground stress applying system controller 23, the other end is connected with the Z-direction pressurizing controller 25, the X-direction pressurizing controller 26 and the Y-direction pressurizing controller 27 in parallel, the Z-direction pressurizing controller 25 is connected to the Z-direction hydraulic cylinder 15 through a pipeline, the X-direction pressurizing controller 26 is connected to the X-direction hydraulic cylinder 13 through a pipeline, the Y-direction pressurizing controller 27 is connected to the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 14 through a pipeline, and the X-direction hydraulic cylinder 13 and the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 14 are connected to the X-direction hydraulic cylinder 13 and the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder 14, The Z-direction hydraulic cylinder 15 contains a plunger 56.
Preferably, the large-size sample 9 is a cubic structure, a borehole 46 is drilled in the middle of the large-size sample 9, and the outer borehole is expanded and an outer collar 47 of the wellhead sealing device 16 is installed.
Preferably, the wellhead sealing device 16 comprises an outer collar 47, an inner collar 48 and a bearing plate 49, wherein the outer collar 47 is bonded with the borehole 46 by epoxy glue for sealing, the inner collar 48 is welded below the center of the bearing plate 49, and the outer collar 47 and the inner collar 48 are connected by screw threads; the bearing plate 49 is cylindrical and comprises a high-pressure drilling fluid sealing box 50, a drilling fluid outlet 51 and an acoustic emission signal line outlet 52, and dynamic sealing with the drill string 8 is achieved through the high-pressure drilling fluid sealing box 50.
Preferably, the high-pressure fluid saturation chamber 12 is made of a metal steel plate, the metal steel plate is welded with the inner wall of one side of the pressure chamber 10 into a whole, the push plate 57 is contained, the plunger 56 is allowed to pass through in a sealing manner, the first constant-current and constant-pressure pump 33 pressurizes the high-pressure fluid in the formation fluid container 32, the high-pressure fluid is continuously fed into the high-pressure fluid saturation chamber 12 through the conversion of the first high-pressure intermediate conversion container 34 until the formation pressure is reached, and the large-size sample 9 is saturated with the high-pressure fluid for two days in the state.
Preferably, the acoustic emission system 21 includes a partition 53, an acoustic emission probe 54, an acoustic emission signal line 55, and an acoustic emission signal receiver, the four partition 53 are disposed on four sides of the large-sized sample 9, the partition 53 has concave holes arranged according to a diagonal principle, the acoustic emission probe 54 is disposed in the concave hole, a groove is disposed between two groups of concave holes, and the acoustic emission signal line 55 is disposed in the groove.
Preferably, the drill string 8 is made of hollow steel, the end of the drill string is connected with a drill bit, and the drill bit is hollow and allows the drilling fluid to flow through.
The invention provides a using method of a shale borehole wall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device under drill string disturbance, which comprises the following steps:
and step 11, after the experiment is completed, taking down the large-size sample 9, observing the well wall rock form, the drill string state and the drilling fluid flowing out of the large-size sample 9, scanning and measuring the well wall rock damage form, sequentially measuring the well diameters at different positions of 10 well circumferences from top to bottom along the well hole 46, drawing a well circumference profile, establishing a well wall data volume profile, and analyzing the mud shale well wall flow solidification damage rule under the disturbance of the drill string.
The above description is only a few of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art may modify the above-described embodiments or modify them into equivalent ones. Therefore, the technical solution according to the present invention is subject to corresponding simple modifications or equivalent changes, and is in the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a shale wall of a well stream solidification coupling damage analogue means under drilling string disturbance, includes drilling string disturbance analog system, three-dimensional stress loading system, pore pressure saturation system, drilling fluid circulation system and data acquisition and control system, characterized by: the drill string disturbance simulation system comprises a large-size test sample (9), a pressure chamber (10), a wellhead sealing device (16), a drill string (8), a drill string radial rotary power system (17), a drill string axial movement power system (3) and a drill string disturbance system controller (2), wherein a high-pressure fluid saturated cavity (12) is arranged in the pressure chamber (10), the large-size test sample (9) is arranged in the high-pressure fluid saturated cavity (12), a sound emission system (21) is arranged on the outer side of the large-size test sample (9), an X-direction hydraulic cylinder (13), a Y-direction hydraulic cylinder (14), a Z-direction hydraulic cylinder (15) and the wellhead sealing device (16) are arranged on the outer wall of the pressure chamber (10), the drill string (8) penetrates through the wellhead sealing device (16), a gear (20) is arranged at the outer end of the drill string (8), and the X-direction hydraulic cylinder (13) and the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder (14) are arranged on the outer end of the drill string (8), The Z-direction hydraulic cylinder (15) is connected to a three-way stress loading system;
the drill string radial rotation power system (17) comprises a high-power motor (18), a reduction gearbox (19) and a gear (20), the output end of the motor (18) is connected with the reduction gearbox (19), the output end of the reduction gearbox (19) transmits power to the drill string (8) through the gear (20), so that the drill string (8) is radially rotated to drive a drill bit at the other end of the drill string (8) to rotate, and a shale core (45) arranged in a large-size sample (9) is drilled;
the drill string axial movement power system (3) is formed by sequentially connecting a hydraulic pump (4), a pressure controller (5), a pressure sensor (6) and a pressure converter (7), high-pressure liquid is provided through the hydraulic pump (4), the pressure controller (5) adjusts hydraulic pressure, the hydraulic pressure is converted into axial pressure of a drill string (8) through the pressure converter (7), and the magnitude of the axial force is fed back to the data acquisition and servo control device (1) through the pressure sensor (6);
the pore pressure saturation system comprises a pore pressure saturation system controller (31), a formation fluid container (32), a first constant-current constant-pressure pump (33), a first high-pressure intermediate conversion container (34) and a second pressure sensor (35), wherein the formation fluid container (32) is connected with the first constant-current constant-pressure pump (33) through a pipeline, the output end of the first constant-current constant-pressure pump (33) is communicated to a high-pressure fluid saturation cavity (12) in the pressure chamber (10) through the first high-pressure intermediate conversion container (34), the first constant-current constant-pressure pump (33) is electrically connected with the pore pressure saturation system controller (31), and the second pressure sensor (35) is arranged on a pipeline outside the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity (12);
the drilling fluid circulating system comprises a drilling fluid circulating system controller (36), a drilling fluid container (37), a second constant-current constant-pressure pump (38), a second high-pressure middle conversion container (39), a drilling fluid pressure sensor (40) and a drilling fluid flow sensor (41), wherein the drilling fluid container (37) is connected to the output end of the pressure converter (7) through the second constant-current constant-pressure pump (38), the second high-pressure middle conversion container (39) and a high-pressure pipeline (42), the drilling fluid in the drilling fluid container (37) is pressurized by the second constant-pressure pump (38) in the simulated drilling process, is sent into a shale core (45) of a large-size sample (9) through the high-pressure pipeline (42) and a drill string (8), and then flows out of a drilling fluid outflow container (44) outside the pressure chamber (10) through a throttling valve (43).
2. The mud shale sidewall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device under drill string disturbance according to claim 1, characterized in that: the three-way stress loading system comprises a three-way ground stress applying system controller (23), a motor and oil pump (24), a Z-direction pressurizing controller (25), an X-direction pressurizing controller (26), a Y-direction pressurizing controller (27), a Z-direction pressure sensor (28), an X-direction pressure sensor (29) and a Y-direction pressure sensor (30), one end of the motor and the oil pump (24) is connected with the three-way ground stress applying system controller (23), the other end is connected with the Z-direction pressurizing controller (25), the X-direction pressurizing controller (26) and the Y-direction pressurizing controller (27) in parallel, the Z-direction pressurization controller (25) is connected to the Z-direction hydraulic cylinder (15) through a pipeline, the X-direction pressurization controller (26) is connected to the X-direction hydraulic cylinder (13) through a pipeline, the Y-direction pressurization controller (27) is connected to the Y-direction hydraulic cylinder (14) through a pipeline.
3. The mud shale sidewall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device under drill string disturbance of claim 2, characterized by: the large-size sample (9) is of a cubic structure, a borehole (46) is drilled in the middle of the large-size sample (9), the diameter of the external borehole is expanded, and an external orifice ring (47) of the wellhead sealing device (16) is installed.
4. The mud shale sidewall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device under drill string disturbance according to claim 3, characterized in that: the wellhead sealing device (16) comprises an outer opening ring (47), an inner opening ring (48) and a bearing plate (49), wherein the outer opening ring (47) is bonded with a borehole (46) by epoxy resin glue to realize sealing, the inner opening ring (48) is welded below the center of the bearing plate (49), and the outer opening ring (47) is connected with the inner opening ring (48) by virtue of threads; the bearing plate (49) is cylindrical and comprises a high-pressure drilling fluid sealing box (50), a drilling fluid outlet (51) and an acoustic emission signal line outlet (52), and dynamic sealing with the drill string (8) is achieved through the high-pressure drilling fluid sealing box (50).
5. The mud shale sidewall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device under drill string disturbance according to claim 4, characterized in that: the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity (12) is made of metal steel plates, the metal steel plates are welded with the inner wall of one side of the pressure chamber (10) into a whole, the high-pressure fluid in the formation fluid container (32) is pressurized by the first constant-current and constant-pressure pump (33), the high-pressure fluid is continuously sent into the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity (12) through the conversion of the first high-pressure middle conversion container (34) until the formation pressure is reached, and the large-size sample (9) is saturated with the high-pressure fluid for two days under the state.
6. The mud shale sidewall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device under drill string disturbance of claim 5, characterized by: the acoustic emission system (21) comprises a partition board (53), an acoustic emission probe (54), acoustic emission signal lines (55) and an acoustic emission signal receiver, wherein the four partition boards (53) are respectively arranged on four side surfaces of the large-size sample (9), concave holes are formed in the partition boards (53) according to a diagonal principle, the acoustic emission probe (54) is arranged in each concave hole, a groove is formed between two groups of concave holes, and the acoustic emission signal lines (55) are arranged in the grooves.
7. The mud shale sidewall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device under drill string disturbance according to claim 6, characterized in that: the drill string (8) is made of hollow steel materials, the end part of the drill string is connected with the drill bit, and the drill bit is hollow and allows the circulation of drilling fluid.
8. The use method of the shale sidewall flow solidification coupling damage simulation device under drill string disturbance according to claim 7 is characterized by comprising the following processes:
step 1, collecting physical simulation experiment parameters under drill string disturbance, and preparing a large-size sample (9) for a 300mmx300mmx300mm experiment, wherein the large-size sample (9) adopts a cement-coated shale core (45), so that the verticality and the parallelism of each surface of the large-size sample (9) reach 0.5%;
step 2, drilling a borehole (46) with the depth of 200mm and the diameter of 30mm, expanding the diameter of the upper borehole to 45mm and the depth of 25mm, and selecting oil as cooling liquid to ensure the integrity of the borehole wall;
step 3, after the preparation of the large-size sample (9) is finished, installing an acoustic emission system (21) on the outer side, installing a partition plate (53) and the large-size sample (9) in a pressure chamber (10) together, connecting a drill string disturbance simulation system, a drilling fluid circulating system, a pore pressure saturation system, a data information acquisition and control system, and detecting the operation integrity of the device;
step 4, applying saturated formation pore pressure to the large-size sample (9) through a pore pressure saturation system, starting a first constant-current and constant-pressure pump (33), and filling high-pressure fluid with certain pressure into the high-pressure fluid saturation cavity (12) and the well hole (46) in a constant-pressure mode to saturate the large-size sample (9) with the high-pressure fluid for two days;
step 5, loading three-way ground stress to a large-size sample (9) in a pressure chamber (10) through a three-way stress loading system, starting a motor and an oil pump (24) through a three-way ground stress applying system controller (23), and then respectively adjusting the magnitude of the applied pressure through a Z-direction pressurizing controller (25), an X-direction pressurizing controller (26) and a Y-direction pressurizing controller (27), wherein the three-way ground stress loading is alternately and uniformly carried out to ensure that the large-size sample (9) is uniformly stressed;
step 6, configuring drilling fluids with different performances according to the field conditions, circulating the drilling fluids at a set discharge capacity through a drilling fluid circulating system, collecting acoustic emission signals through an acoustic emission system (21), recording the circulation time of the drilling fluids, and evaluating the damage influence of the flow of the drilling fluids on the well wall of the shale core (45);
step 7, adjusting the drilling fluid circulating system to flow out of the throttle valve (43), adjusting and controlling the pressure in the borehole (46) to reach a proper pressure, collecting the pressure and flow information of the drilling fluid, and evaluating the influence of the pressure of the drilling fluid on the borehole wall damage of the shale core (45);
step 8, on the basis of circulating drilling fluid, the rotating speed and the bit pressure of the drill string (8) are adjusted through the drill string disturbance system, the drill string (8) impacts well wall rocks and the drilling fluid erodes the well wall rocks, damage to the well wall rocks can be caused, signals are received through the acoustic emission signal receiver, the position and the occurrence time of the well wall rock damage are judged, and a well wall collapse rule, a collapse period and influence factors are researched;
step 9, adjusting the experimental data in real time through a data information acquisition and control system, wherein the acquired and controlled data comprise three-dimensional ground stress, pore pressure, drilling fluid pressure, drill string rotating speed, drill string drilling pressure and acoustic emission data;
step 10, stopping the experiment when the acoustic emission signal is basically unchanged;
and step 11, after the experiment is completed, taking down the large-size sample (9), observing the rock form of the well wall, the state of the drill string and the condition of the drilling fluid flowing out of the large-size sample (9), scanning and measuring the rock damage form of the well wall, sequentially measuring the well diameters at different positions of 10 well circumferences from top to bottom along the well hole (46), drawing a profile of the well circumference, establishing a data body profile of the well wall, and analyzing the solidification damage rule of the mud shale well wall flow under the disturbance of the drill string.
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