CN109915112B - Drilling simulation device and method for horizontal well drilling and reaming of tectonic coal reservoir - Google Patents
Drilling simulation device and method for horizontal well drilling and reaming of tectonic coal reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A drilling simulation device and method for drilling and reaming a horizontal well of a tectonic coal reservoir are suitable for drilling and reaming drilling research of a deep tectonic coal seam horizontal well. The device comprises a drilling system, a coal rock loading system and a PLC control system; the drilling system comprises a drilling machine base, a square guide rail base is arranged on the drilling machine base, a guide rail sliding block is arranged on the square guide rail base, a sliding table B is arranged on the guide rail sliding block, a power-driven NMRV speed reducing motor is arranged on the sliding table B, a reducing and reaming control mechanism and a through high-speed rotary joint are arranged on the through hole, a double-layer drill rod penetrates through the through hole in a through hole type speed reducer, a drill rod centralizer is arranged on one side of the drilling machine base, a double-layer drill rod is arranged on the through high-speed rotary joint, a reducing and reaming bit is arranged at one end of the double-layer drill. The device has the advantages of small volume, simple operation and high automation degree, and realizes the variable-diameter reaming drilling with the arbitrary reaming ratio of 100-300%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drilling simulation device and a drilling simulation method, in particular to a drilling and reaming drilling simulation device and a drilling simulation method for a horizontal well of a tectonic coal reservoir stratum, which are suitable for drilling and reaming drilling research of a horizontal well of a deep tectonic coal seam.
Background
The occurrence conditions of Chinese coal bed gas resources are complex, in geological history, the coal bed structure is subjected to multi-period tectonic movement, the coal bed structure is strongly deformed, a plurality of mining areas generate geological activities such as uplifting, sinking, wrinkling and breaking, the original structure of the coal bed is damaged, and the soft coal bed or the tectonic coal with the characteristics of soft coal quality, poor coal bed permeability, disordered bedding and the like is widely distributed. Practice proves that the existing drainage and pressure reduction coal bed gas extraction technology (SVR technology, ECBM technology and composite technology thereof) is high in cost and long in time, has a common extraction effect, and is difficult to meet the requirement of high-efficiency extraction of the coal bed gas of the constructional coal. Therefore, development of a new coal bed gas extraction idea and a new high-efficiency extraction technology capable of quickly and efficiently reducing the gas content and the gas pressure of the coal bed of the tectonic coal is urgently needed.
In rock engineering applications in specific geological environments, rocks exhibit complex engineering characteristics and phenomena, and full-scale simulation is difficult to perform in many cases, such as chamber excavation, deep well drilling, mining problems, and the like. Meanwhile, once engineering accidents happen in the rock mass engineering in the construction process, the remediation and treatment are often difficult or even impossible. Therefore, before the field construction, the stress distribution and deformation characteristics of the coal rock mass and the stability and engineering safety problems of the coal rock mass are fully researched by means of indoor simulation. Because the deep well drilling engineering is huge, a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are needed, the actual drilling process is usually simulated indoors, various parameters in the drilling process are measured, the performance tests and evaluations of drilling tools, drill rods, drill bits, drilling fluids and the like of drilling machines are realized, and the mutual relations among the parameters are systematically analyzed, so that the method aims to provide beneficial reference for the research and development of the actual drilling tools and the setting of the process parameters in the drilling process.
Currently, researchers have made researches on drilling tool technological parameters and the like in the drilling process of coal and rock masses. For example, in patent CN103726791A and patent CN103726869A, the outside of the drill rod is designed with a retractable reamer tool, which can perform reaming during drilling. However, the size of the counterbore is increased by a small amount compared to the initial borehole size. In patent CN203362038U and patent CN203685037U, the purpose of reaming and keeping the hole wall stable can be achieved during drilling, but the reaming diameter is small, and multi-stage reaming cannot be achieved. In patent CN108590742A, reach the reaming purpose through power transmission mechanism, the reaming diameter can reach 2 ~ 3 times of initial drilling. However, when reaming, the drilling bit needs to be detached and replaced by the reaming bit, and the working efficiency is low. In patent CN206153617U, patent CN2616655Y and patent CN2317305Y, the drilling depth can be controlled, but the diameter of the reaming is a fixed value, the diameter of the reaming cannot be changed as required, and multi-stage reaming cannot be performed, and the drill bit cannot go deep during reaming, and cannot be expanded while drilling. In patent CN108825275A, adopt the mode of adjusting water pressure to promote the drilling of drilling cutter and reaming operation, the reaming is stable, and the cutter is easily retrieved, can follow the boring along with expanding and adjust reaming diameter, but, need stop creeping into during reaming, efficiency is lower. In patent CN109030054A, this coal seam directional drilling process analogue means can simulate out the drilling rod and bore various states in-process, however, can not carry out reaming reducing. However, most of the above studies have focused on the actual production field, the simulation of the drilling process of the indoor coal rock mass has been studied less, and the variation of the drilling parameters such as the rotation speed, the torque, the drilling speed and the like during the drilling process is not basically considered.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the technology, the drilling simulation device and the drilling simulation method for the drilling and the reaming of the horizontal well of the tectonic coal reservoir are simple in structure, simple to operate and high in practicability, can be used for simulating the drilling and the reaming processes of the horizontal well in an indoor tectonic coal seam, can comprehensively and accurately simulate the change states of parameters such as the drilling speed, the torque and the drilling pressure in the drilling process, and can be used for researching and simulating the damage condition of a well wall in the drilling and the reaming processes of the horizontal well.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the drilling simulation device for drilling and reaming the horizontal well of the constructed coal reservoir comprises a drilling system, a coal rock body loading system and a PLC (programmable logic controller) control system;
the drilling system comprises a drilling machine base, a plurality of universal rollers are arranged at the bottom of the drilling machine base, each universal roller is provided with a clip, a square guide rail base is arranged on the drilling machine base, four guide rail sliding blocks are arranged on the square guide rail base, the guide rail sliding blocks are correspondingly arranged on the left side and the right side of the square guide rail base in pairs, sliding tables B are arranged on the four guide rail sliding blocks, the sliding tables B and the four guide rail sliding blocks are fixed through bolts, a power-driven NMRV speed reducing motor, a reducing reaming control mechanism and a through high-speed rotary joint are arranged on the sliding tables B, the power-driven NMRV speed reducing motor is a through hole type speed reducer, a double-layer drill rod in a through hole type speed reducer penetrates through the through hole and is fixed, the reducing reaming control mechanism and the through high-speed rotary joint are, a drill rod centralizer is arranged on one side of a drilling machine base, a double-layer drill rod is arranged on a straight-through high-speed rotary joint, one end of the double-layer drill rod is connected with a reducing and reaming control mechanism, the other end of the double-layer drill rod penetrates through the drill rod centralizer to be provided with a reducing and reaming drill bit, a pilot drill bit is arranged at the top of the reducing and reaming drill bit, a data acquisition system is arranged on the double-layer drill rod, the data acquisition system comprises a rotating speed sensor, a drilling pressure sensor and a torque sensor, the data acquisition system is connected with a PLC control system through a;
the coal rock mass loading system comprises a simulation box body and a servo press machine, wherein the simulation box body is a rectangular metal box body and is arranged on a pressure table of the servo press machine, and a drilling channel and a plurality of data transmission ports are arranged on the surface of the simulation box body, so that a pilot drill bit can conveniently drill into the simulation box body;
and the PLC control system is provided with a touch display screen and is respectively connected with the drilling system, the data acquisition system and the coal rock mass loading system through data lines.
The double-layer drill rod comprises an inner drill rod and an outer drill rod which are arranged inside and outside, the inner drill rod and the outer drill rod of the double-layer drill rod can slide relatively, a connecting lug A is arranged at the end part of the inner drill rod close to the pilot drill bit, and a connecting lug B is welded on the outer drill rod; the outer side of the end part of the inner layer drill rod is provided with a reducing reamer bit, the reducing reamer bit comprises a plurality of groups of reaming blades arranged around the inner layer drill rod, each group of reaming blades comprises two blades movably connected through pins, one end of each group of reaming blades is connected with the connecting lug B, and the other end of each group of reaming blades is connected with the connecting lug A; the reaming blades are provided with three groups or four groups, the included angle between the three groups of reaming blades is 120, and the included angle between the four groups of reaming blades is 90 degrees.
And PDC cutting teeth are arranged on the pilot bit.
The reducing and reaming control mechanism comprises a radial thrust sliding bearing, a sliding guide rail, a sliding table A and a push rod motor, wherein the sliding table A is connected with a push rod of the push rod motor through a bolt, the push rod motor controls the sliding table A to move forward or backward, the push rod motor is fixed on the sliding table B, the radial thrust sliding bearing is arranged on the sliding table A, only an inner layer drill rod and no outer layer drill rod are arranged at the joint of the double-layer drill rod and the reducing and reaming control mechanism, the inner layer drill rod penetrates through a bearing of the radial thrust sliding bearing to be connected with a straight-through high-speed rotary joint, the straight-through high-speed rotary joint is connected with a drilling fluid pipeline, and the drilling fluid pumped out; the sliding table B is installed on the four guide rail sliding blocks through bolts, and the square guide rail seat sleeved with the guide rail sliding blocks is installed on the base of the drilling machine.
Coal rock mass materials or similar materials are filled in the simulation box body, a data transmission port reserved in the simulation box body facilitates connection of various monitoring sensor data lines and monitoring equipment, and reinforcing rib plates are fixed on the side walls of the simulation box body to enhance firmness of the simulation box body.
The PLC control system is in the model of SIMATIC S7-200.
The outer diameter of the inner layer drill rod of the double-layer drill rod is 1mm smaller than the inner diameter of the outer layer drill rod;
an operation method of a drilling simulation device for drilling and reaming a horizontal well for a constructed coal reservoir comprises the following steps:
collecting a tectonic coal sample or configuring similar simulation materials corresponding to physical and mechanical properties of the tectonic coal according to a similarity principle, placing the similar simulation materials in a simulation box body, simultaneously arranging a stress sensor and a strain sensor which are embedded in the similar simulation materials and are close to the bottom end of the simulation box body, and connecting data lines of the stress sensor and the strain sensor with a data acquisition instrument through data transmission ports;
starting a servo press, and vertically loading the coal rock body sample based on actual geological characteristics to simulate the formation pressure;
moving the drilling system to a proper position, pulling down a clamp above the universal roller to fix the universal roller, and ensuring the stability of a base of the drilling machine in the drilling process;
according to the situation of simulating on-site drilling, a drilling system is started, a servo motor drives a sliding table B to advance linearly, meanwhile, a drill rod rotates under the drive of an NMRV speed reducing motor, a pilot bit carries out rotary cutting on a coal and rock sample through a drilling channel to form a pilot drill hole, and the drilling depth is 600 mm;
when hole expanding is needed, a diameter-variable hole expanding control mechanism is controlled through a PLC control system, wherein a radial thrust sliding bearing is fixed on a sliding table A through bolts, the sliding table A is installed on a sliding rail, the sliding rail is installed on a sliding table B through bolts, the sliding table A can move left and right on the sliding rail through the expansion of a push rod motor, the push rod of the push rod motor is contracted to drive the sliding table A to move right on a sliding guide rail, the radial thrust sliding bearing fixed on the sliding table A drives an inner-layer drill rod to move forward and backward, an NMRV (N-Merrill) speed reducing motor is in a through hole type, a double-layer drill rod can penetrate through a hole, and an outer-layer drill rod is fixed by the NMRV speed reducing motor), so that a hole expanding blade is;
when the hole expanding work is finished, the diameter-variable hole expanding control mechanism is controlled by the PLC control system, so that a push rod of the push rod motor extends to drive the sliding table A to move forwards on the sliding guide rail, and a radial thrust sliding bearing fixed on the sliding table A drives the inner layer drill rod to move forwards, so that the hole expanding blade is contracted and reset and is withdrawn from the drilled hole; when drilling simulation is completed, controlling a servo motor to drive the sliding table B to linearly retreat so that the drill rod, the reducing expanding bit and the pilot bit exit from the simulation box body from the drilling channel;
in the process of simulating drilling and reaming drilling of the horizontal well of the constructed coal reservoir, the rotating speed, the bit pressure and the torque parameters in the process of simulating drilling and reaming can be acquired through the data acquisition system and output to the PLC control system, and meanwhile, the rotating speed, the bit pressure and the torque parameters can be displayed on a touch display screen of the PLC control system in real time.
The reaming operation comprises the steps that a variable-diameter reaming bit controls a variable-diameter reaming control mechanism through a PLC control system, so that a push rod of a push rod motor is contracted to drive a sliding table A to move rightwards on a sliding guide rail, a radial thrust sliding bearing fixed on the sliding table A drives an inner layer drill rod to move rightwards, and a reaming blade is expanded, and according to the contraction amount of the push rod motor, the hole drilling aperture can be calculated through the following formula, and the hole drilling with the aperture of 40-120 mm is realized;
wherein D is the bore diameter of the drill hole; l is the length of the reaming blade; l is the distance between the connecting lug A and the connecting lug B; delta l is the shrinkage of the push rod; d is the outer diameter of the inner drill rod.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the method comprises the following steps that three or four groups of reducing reaming bits provided with reaming blades around an inner drill rod are used, the included angle between two adjacent reaming blades when the three groups of reaming blades are used is 120 degrees, the included angle between two adjacent reaming blades when the four groups of reaming blades are used is 90 degrees, a PLC control system is used for controlling a reducing reaming control mechanism, a push rod of a push rod motor is contracted to drive a sliding table A to move backwards on a sliding guide rail, and a radial thrust sliding bearing fixed on the sliding table A drives the inner drill rod to move backwards, so that the reaming blades are expanded, and reducing reaming drilling with any reaming rate of 100-300 percent is realized;
(2) the device has the advantages that the NMRV speed reducing motor provides drilling speed, the servo motor provides feeding speed, the adjustment and control of the drilling speed and the feeding speed are realized by controlling the adjustment and control range of the rotating speed and the feeding speed of the NMRV speed reducing motor and the servo motor through the PLC control system, the horizontal well drilling and the indoor simulation of the reaming under the combination of various drilling parameters can be completed, and corresponding drilling rotating speed, drilling pressure and torque parameters are obtained;
(3) the device can simulate various influence factors, mainly includes: the drilling diameter of the horizontal well, the drilling depth of the horizontal well, the properties of the well wall constructional coal, the bit pressure, the drilling speed, the rotating speed and other factors;
(4) the device can accurately monitor and simulate the change conditions of the rotating speed, the torque and the bit pressure in the process of the tectonic coal drilling and the hole expansion, and the data can be used for optimizing a drilling scheme and providing a basis for the drilling and hole expansion success rate of the tectonic coal horizontal well;
(5) the device has the advantages of small volume, simple operation and high automation degree;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the drilling simulation apparatus for drilling and reaming a horizontal well for a constructed coal reservoir according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a pilot bit and a reamer bit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the variable diameter reaming control mechanism of the present invention.
In the figure: 100-drilling system, 101-pilot bit, 101-1-PDC cutting tooth, 102-reducing reamer bit, 102-1-reamer wing, 102-2-connecting lug A, 102-3-connecting lug B, 102-4-pin, 103-double layer drill pipe, 103-1-outer layer drill pipe, 103-2-inner layer drill pipe, 104-drill pipe centralizer, 105-NMRV speed reducing motor, 106-reducing reamer control mechanism, 106-1-radial thrust sliding bearing, 106-2-sliding guide rail, 106-3-sliding table A, 106-4-push rod motor, 107-straight-through high-speed rotary joint, 108-ball screw, 109-square guide rail seat, 110-guide rail sliding block, 111-sliding table B, 112-servo motor, 113-drilling machine base, 114-universal roller, 115-clamp, 116-drilling fluid pipeline, 117-data acquisition system, 200-coal rock mass loading system, 201-simulation box, 202-drilling channel, 203-reinforcing rib plate, 204-data transmission port, 205-servo press, 300-PLC control system and 301-touch display screen.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the drilling simulation device for drilling and reaming a horizontal well of a constructed coal reservoir comprises a drilling system 100, a coal-rock mass loading system 200 and a PLC control system 300; the drilling system 100 has the full dimensions of 2000mm by 800mm by 1200mm in length by width by height;
the drilling system 100 comprises a drilling machine base 113, a plurality of universal rollers 114 are arranged at the bottom of the drilling machine base 113, a clip 115 is arranged on each universal roller 114, a square guide rail seat 109 is arranged on the drilling machine base 113, four guide rail sliders 110 are arranged on the square guide rail seat 109, the guide rail sliders 110 are correspondingly arranged on the left side and the right side of the square guide rail seat 109 in pairs, sliding tables B111 are arranged on the four guide rail sliders 110, the sliding tables B111 and the four guide rail sliders 110 are fixed through bolts, a power-driven NMRV speed reducing motor 105, a reducing hole expansion control mechanism 106 and a through high-speed rotary joint 107 are arranged on the sliding tables B111, the power-driven NMRV speed reducing motor 105 is a through-hole type speed reducer, a double-layer drill rod 103 is arranged in a through hole on the through-hole type speed reducer, the through hole 103 penetrates through the, protective housings are arranged on the outer sides of the reducing reaming control mechanism 106 and the through high-speed rotary joint 107, a drill rod centralizer 104 is arranged on one side of the drilling machine base 113, a double-layer drill rod 103 is arranged on the through high-speed rotary joint 107, one end of the double-layer drill rod 103, the reducing reaming control mechanism 106 and the other end of the double-layer drill rod penetrate through the drill rod centralizer 104 to be provided with a reducing reaming bit 102, and reaming blades of the reducing reaming bit 102 are made of 45# steel, so that the arbitrary reaming requirement of phi 40 mm-120 mm;
as shown in fig. 2, a pilot bit 101 is provided on the top of the reducing reamer bit 102, and the pilot bit has a diameter: phi 40mm, PDC cutting teeth 101-1 are arranged on the pilot bit 101, a data acquisition system 117 is arranged on the double-layer drill rod 103, the data acquisition system 117 comprises a rotation speed sensor, a bit pressure sensor and a torque sensor, and is connected with the PLC control system 300 through a data line, and the servo motor 112 is connected with the ball screw 108 through a clutch to drive the sliding table B111 to move linearly;
as shown in fig. 3, the double-layer drill rod 103 comprises an inner-layer drill rod 103-2 and an outer-layer drill rod 103-1 which are arranged inside and outside, the inner-layer drill rod 103-2 and the outer-layer drill rod 103-1 of the double-layer drill rod 103 can slide relatively, wherein a connecting lug a102-2 is arranged at the end part of the inner-layer drill rod 103-2 close to the pilot drill bit 101, and a connecting lug B102-3 is welded on the outer-layer drill rod 103-1; the outer side of the end part of the inner layer drill rod 103-2 is provided with a reducing reamer bit 102, the reducing reamer bit 102 comprises a plurality of groups of reamer wings 102-1 arranged around the inner layer drill rod 103-2, each group of reamer wings 102-1 comprises two blades movably connected through a pin 102-4, one end of each group of reamer wings 102-1 is connected with a connecting lug B102-3, and the other end of each group of reamer wings is connected with a connecting lug A102-2; the reaming blades 102-1 are provided with three groups or four groups, the included angle between the three groups of reaming blades 102-1 is 120, the included angle between the four groups of reaming blades 102-1 is 90 degrees, and the outer diameter of the inner layer drill rod 103-2 of the double-layer drill rod 103 is 1mm smaller than the inner diameter of the outer layer drill rod 103-1;
the coal rock mass loading system 200 comprises a simulation box body 201 and a servo press 205, wherein the simulation box body 201 is a rectangular metal box body and is arranged on a pressure table of the servo press 205, and a drilling channel 202 and a plurality of data transmission ports 204 are arranged on the surface of the simulation box body 201, so that a pilot bit 101 can conveniently drill into the simulation box body;
the PLC control system 300 is the SIMATIC S7-200 model, is provided with a touch display screen 301 and is respectively connected with the drilling system 100, the data acquisition system 117 and the coal and rock mass loading system 200 through data lines.
The reducing reaming control mechanism 106 comprises a radial thrust sliding bearing 106-1, a sliding guide rail 106-2, a sliding table A106-3 and a push rod motor 106-4, wherein the sliding table A106-3 is connected with a push rod of the push rod motor 106-4 through a bolt, the push rod motor 106-4 controls the forward movement or the backward movement of the sliding table A106-3, the push rod motor 106-4 is fixed on a sliding table B111, the radial thrust sliding bearing 106-1 is arranged on the sliding table A106-3, only an inner layer drill rod 103-2 is connected with the reducing reaming control mechanism 106 without an outer layer drill rod 103-1, the inner layer drill rod 103-2 penetrates through a bearing of the radial thrust sliding bearing 106-1 to be connected with a through high-speed rotary joint 107, the high-speed through rotary joint 107 is connected with a drilling fluid pipeline 116, and the drilling fluid pumped out by the drilling fluid system enters the inner layer drill rod 103-, up to pilot bit 101; the sliding table B111 is arranged on four guide rail sliding blocks 110 through bolts, and the square guide rail seat 109 sleeved with the guide rail sliding blocks 110 is arranged on a drilling machine base 113.
The simulation box 201 is filled with coal rock mass materials or similar materials, and the length, the width and the height of the coal rock mass are as follows: 600mm x (100-500) mm, simulating overburden pressure of the box: 0 ~ 100MPa, the last data transmission mouth 204 of reserving of simulation box 201 is convenient for earlier all kinds of monitoring sensor data lines and monitoring facilities's connection, and the lateral wall of simulation box 201 is fixed with deep floor 203, strengthens the fastness of simulation box 201.
A drilling simulation method for drilling and reaming a horizontal well of a tectonic coal reservoir comprises the following steps:
collecting a tectonic coal sample or configuring similar simulation materials corresponding to physical and mechanical properties of the tectonic coal according to a similarity principle, placing the similar simulation materials in a simulation box body 201, simultaneously arranging a stress sensor and a strain sensor which are embedded in the similar simulation materials and are close to the bottom end of the simulation box body 201, and connecting data lines of the stress sensor and the strain sensor with a data acquisition instrument through a data transmission port 204;
starting a servo press 205, and vertically loading the coal rock mass sample based on actual geological characteristics to simulate the formation pressure;
moving the drilling system 100 to a proper position, pulling down a clamp 115 above the universal roller 114 to fix the universal roller 114, and ensuring the stability of the base 113 of the drilling machine in the drilling process;
according to the situation of simulating on-site drilling, starting the drilling system 100, driving a sliding table B111 to linearly advance by a servo motor 112, simultaneously driving a drill rod 103 to rotate under the driving of an NMRV speed reducing motor 105, and rotatably cutting a coal and rock sample by a pilot bit 101 through a drilling channel 202 to form a pilot drill hole with the drilling depth of 600 mm; rotating speed: continuously adjustable at 0-200 r/min, drilling speed: 0.025 m/s-0.05 m/s is continuously adjustable and can be set by the PLC control system 300;
when reaming is needed, the PLC control system 300 is used for controlling the variable-diameter reaming control mechanism 106, wherein a radial thrust sliding bearing 106-1 is fixed on a sliding table A106-3 through bolts, the sliding table A106-3 is installed on a sliding rail 106-2, the sliding rail 106-2 is installed on a sliding table B111 through bolts, the sliding of a push rod motor 106-4 can enable the sliding table A106-3 to move left and right on the sliding rail 106-2, the push rod of the push rod motor 106-4 is contracted to drive the sliding table A106-3 to move right on the sliding guide rail 106-2, a radial thrust sliding bearing 106-1 fixed on the sliding table A106-3 drives an inner layer drill rod 103-2 to move forward and backward, an NMRV speed reducing motor 105 is of a through hole type, a double layer drill rod 103 can pass through a hole, and simultaneously the outer layer drill rod 103-1, thereby opening the hole-expanding blade 102-1, cutting the coal rock mass sample on the hole wall, further expanding the drilled hole, and completing the hole-expanding operation at one time or step by step;
when the hole expanding work is finished, the PLC control system 300 controls the reducing hole expanding control mechanism 106 to enable the push rod of the push rod motor 106-4 to extend to drive the sliding table A106-3 to move forwards on the sliding guide rail 106-2, and the radial thrust sliding bearing 106-1 fixed on the sliding table A106-3 drives the inner layer drill rod 103-2 to move forwards, so that the hole expanding blade 102-1 is contracted and reset and is withdrawn from the drilled hole; when drilling simulation is completed, the servo motor 112 is controlled to drive the sliding table B111 to linearly retreat, so that the drill rod 103, the reducing reamer bit 102 and the pilot bit 101 exit the simulation box body 201 from the drilling channel 202;
in the process of simulating drilling and reaming drilling of the horizontal well of the constructed coal reservoir, the rotating speed, the bit pressure and the torque parameters in the process of simulating drilling and reaming can be acquired by the data acquisition system 117 and output to the PLC control system 300, and meanwhile, the rotating speed, the bit pressure and the torque parameters can be displayed on the touch display screen 301 of the PLC control system 300 in real time.
The reaming work comprises the steps that the variable-diameter reaming bit 102 controls the variable-diameter reaming control mechanism 106 through the PLC control system 300, so that a push rod of a push rod motor 106-4 is contracted to drive a sliding table A106-3 to move rightwards on a sliding guide rail 106-2, a radial thrust sliding bearing 106-1 fixed on the sliding table A106-3 drives an inner layer drill rod 103-2 to move rightwards, and accordingly a reaming blade 102-1 is opened, the hole drilling aperture can be calculated through the following formula according to the contraction amount of the push rod motor 106-4, and the hole drilling with the aperture of 40 mm-120 mm is achieved;
wherein D is the bore diameter of the drill hole; l is the length of the reaming blade; l is the distance between the connecting lug A102-2 and the connecting lug B102-3; delta l is the shrinkage of the push rod; d is the outer diameter of the inner drill rod.
When drilling simulation is completed, the servo motor 112 is controlled to drive the sliding table B111 to linearly retreat, so that the drill rod 103, the reducing reamer bit 102 and the pilot bit 101 exit the simulation box body 201 from the drilling channel 202;
in the process of simulating drilling and reaming drilling of the horizontal well of the constructed coal reservoir, the rotating speed, the bit pressure and the torque parameters in the process of simulating drilling and reaming can be acquired by the data acquisition system 117 and output to the PLC control system 300, and meanwhile, the rotating speed, the bit pressure and the torque parameters can be displayed on the touch display screen 301 of the PLC control system 300 in real time.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a construct drilling of coal reservoir horizontal well and reaming creeps into analogue means which characterized in that: the coal rock mass drilling system comprises a drilling system (100), a coal rock mass loading system (200) and a PLC control system (300);
the drilling system (100) comprises a drilling machine base (113), a plurality of universal rollers (114) are arranged at the bottom of the drilling machine base (113), a clip (115) is arranged on each universal roller (114), a square guide rail seat (109) is arranged on the drilling machine base (113), four guide rail sliders (110) are arranged on the square guide rail seat (109), every two guide rail sliders (110) are correspondingly arranged at the left side and the right side of the square guide rail seat (109), a sliding table B (111) is arranged on the four guide rail sliders (110), the sliding table B (111) and the four guide rail sliders (110) are fixed through bolts, a power-driven NMRV speed reducing motor (105), a reducing and reaming control mechanism (106) and a through high-speed rotary joint (107) are arranged on the sliding table B (111), wherein the power-driven NMRV speed reducing motor (105) is a through-hole type speed reducer, a double-layer drill, the reducing reaming control mechanism (106) and the straight-through high-speed rotary joint (107) are arranged on the double-layer drill rod (103) and are positioned in a horizontal line, protective cases are arranged on the outer sides of the reducing reaming control mechanism (106) and the straight-through high-speed rotary joint (107), a drill rod centralizer (104) is arranged on one side of a drilling machine base (113), the straight-through high-speed rotary joint (107) is provided with the double-layer drill rod (103), one end of the double-layer drill rod (103) is connected with the reducing reaming control mechanism (106), the other end of the double-layer drill rod penetrates through the drill rod centralizer (104) to be provided with a reducing reaming drill bit (102), a pilot drill bit (101) is arranged at the top of the reducing reaming drill bit (102), a data acquisition system (117) is arranged on the double-layer drill rod (103), the data acquisition system (117) comprises a rotating speed sensor, a drilling pressure sensor and, driving the sliding table B (111) to move linearly;
the coal rock mass loading system (200) comprises a simulation box body (201) and a servo press machine (205), wherein the simulation box body (201) is a rectangular metal box body and is arranged on a pressure table of the servo press machine (205), and a drilling channel (202) and a plurality of data transmission ports (204) are arranged on the surface of the simulation box body (201) so as to facilitate the pilot drill bit (101) to drill;
the PLC control system (300) is provided with a touch display screen (301) and is respectively connected with the drilling system (100), the data acquisition system (117) and the coal and rock mass loading system (200) through data lines;
the reducing reaming control mechanism (106) comprises a radial thrust sliding bearing (106-1), a sliding guide rail (106-2), a sliding table A (106-3) and a push rod motor (106-4), wherein the sliding table A (106-3) is connected with a push rod of the push rod motor (106-4) through a bolt, the push rod motor (106-4) controls the sliding table A (106-3) to move forwards or backwards, the push rod motor (106-4) is fixed on the sliding table B (111), the radial thrust sliding bearing (106-1) is arranged on the sliding table A (106-3), the connection part of the double-layer drill rod (103) and the reducing reaming control mechanism (106) is only provided with an inner layer drill rod (103-2) and does not have an outer layer drill rod (103-1), and the inner layer drill rod (103-2) passes through a bearing of the radial thrust sliding bearing (106-1) and is connected with a through high-, the straight-through high-speed rotary joint (107) is connected with a drilling fluid pipeline (116), and the drilling fluid pumped out by a drilling fluid system enters the inner layer drill rod (103-2) through the drilling fluid pipeline (116) until reaching the pilot bit (101); the sliding table B (111) is arranged on four guide rail sliding blocks (110) through bolts, and a square guide rail seat (109) sleeved with the guide rail sliding blocks (110) is arranged on a drilling machine base (113).
2. The drilling simulation device for drilling and reaming the horizontal well of the tectonic coal reservoir according to claim 1, wherein: the double-layer drill rod (103) comprises an inner-layer drill rod (103-2) and an outer-layer drill rod (103-1) which are arranged inside and outside, the inner-layer drill rod (103-2) and the outer-layer drill rod (103-1) of the double-layer drill rod (103) can slide relatively, a connecting lug A (102-2) is arranged at the end part of the inner-layer drill rod (103-2) close to the pilot bit (101), and a connecting lug B (102-3) is welded on the outer-layer drill rod (103-1); the outer side of the end part of the inner layer drill rod (103-2) is provided with a reducing reamer bit (102), the reducing reamer bit (102) comprises a plurality of groups of reamer wings (102-1) arranged around the inner layer drill rod (103-2), each group of reamer wings (102-1) comprises two blades movably connected through a pin (102-4), one end of each group of reamer wings (102-1) is connected with a connecting lug B (102-3), and the other end of each group of reamer wings is connected with a connecting lug A (102-2); the reaming cutter wings (102-1) are provided with three groups or four groups, the included angle between the three groups of reaming cutter wings (102-1) is 120 degrees, and the included angle between the four groups of reaming cutter wings (102-1) is 90 degrees.
3. The drilling simulation device for drilling and reaming the horizontal well of the tectonic coal reservoir according to claim 1, wherein: the guide drill bit (101) is provided with PDC cutting teeth (101-1).
4. The drilling simulation device for drilling and reaming the horizontal well of the tectonic coal reservoir according to claim 1, wherein: coal rock mass material or similar material are filled in simulation box (201), and the data transmission mouth (204) of well upper reservation in simulation box (201) is convenient for earlier all kinds of monitoring sensor data line and monitoring facilities's being connected, and the lateral wall of simulation box (201) is fixed with deep floor (203), strengthens the fastness of simulation box (201).
5. The drilling simulation device for drilling and reaming the horizontal well of the tectonic coal reservoir according to claim 1, wherein: the PLC control system (300) is the SIMATIC S7-200.
6. The drilling simulation device for drilling and reaming the horizontal well of the tectonic coal reservoir according to claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter of the inner layer drill rod (103-2) of the double-layer drill rod (103) is 1mm smaller than the inner diameter of the outer layer drill rod (103-1).
7. A simulation method using the drilling simulation device for drilling and reaming the horizontal well of the tectonic coal reservoir according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
collecting a tectonic coal sample or configuring similar simulation materials corresponding to physical and mechanical properties of the tectonic coal according to a similarity principle, placing the similar simulation materials in a simulation box body (201), simultaneously arranging a stress sensor and a strain sensor which are embedded in the similar simulation materials and are close to the bottom end of the simulation box body (201), and connecting data lines of the stress sensor and the strain sensor with a data acquisition instrument through a data transmission port (204);
starting a servo press (205), and vertically loading the coal rock body sample based on actual geological characteristics to simulate the formation pressure;
moving the drilling system (100) to a proper position, pulling down a clamp (115) above the universal roller (114) to fix the universal roller (114), and ensuring the stability of a drilling machine base (113) in the drilling process;
according to the situation of simulating on-site drilling, a drilling system (100) is started, a servo motor (112) drives a sliding table B (111) to advance linearly, meanwhile, a drill rod (103) is driven to rotate by an NMRV speed reducing motor (105), a pilot bit (101) carries out rotary cutting on a coal and rock sample through a drilling channel (202), a pilot drill hole is formed, and the drilling depth is 600 mm;
when reaming is needed, the diameter-variable reaming control mechanism (106) is controlled by the PLC control system (300), wherein a radial thrust sliding bearing (106-1) is fixed on a sliding table A (106-3) through bolts, the sliding table A (106-3) is installed on a sliding track (106-2), the sliding track (106-2) is installed on a sliding table B (111) through bolts, the sliding table A (106-3) moves left and right on the sliding track (106-2) through the extension of a push rod motor (106-4), the push rod of the push rod motor (106-4) is contracted to drive the sliding table A (106-3) to move right on the sliding track (106-2), and the radial thrust sliding bearing (106-1) fixed on the sliding table A (106-3) drives an inner layer drill rod (103-2) to move forward and backward, the NMRV speed reducing motor (105) is in a through hole type, the double-layer drill rod (103) can penetrate through the hole, and meanwhile, the outer-layer drill rod (103-1) is fixed by the NMRV speed reducing motor (105), so that the hole expanding blades (102-1) are opened, a hole wall coal rock mass sample is cut, a drilled hole is further expanded, and hole expanding work can be completed at one time or step by step;
when the hole expanding work is finished, the diameter-variable hole expanding control mechanism (106) is controlled by the PLC control system (300), a push rod of a push rod motor (106-4) is extended to drive the sliding table A (106-3) to move forwards on the sliding guide rail (106-2), and a radial thrust sliding bearing (106-1) fixed on the sliding table A (106-3) drives the inner layer drill rod (103-2) to move forwards, so that the hole expanding blade (102-1) is contracted and reset and is withdrawn from a drilled hole; when drilling simulation is completed, the servo motor (112) is controlled to drive the sliding table B (111) to linearly retreat, so that the drill rod (103), the reducing reamer bit (102) and the pilot bit (101) exit the simulation box body (201) from the drilling channel (202);
in the process of simulating drilling and reaming drilling of a horizontal well of a constructed coal reservoir, parameters of rotating speed, drilling pressure and torque in the process of simulating drilling and reaming can be collected through the data collection system (117) and output to the PLC control system (300), and meanwhile, the parameters of the rotating speed, the drilling pressure and the torque can be displayed on a touch display screen (301) of the PLC control system (300) in real time.
8. The simulation method of claim 7, wherein: the reaming work comprises the steps that a variable-diameter reaming bit (102) controls a variable-diameter reaming control mechanism (106) through a PLC (programmable logic controller) control system (300), a push rod of a push rod motor (106-4) is contracted to drive a sliding table A (106-3) to move rightwards on a sliding guide rail (106-2), a radial thrust sliding bearing (106-1) fixed on the sliding table A (106-3) drives an inner layer drill rod (103-2) to move rightwards, so that a reaming wing (102-1) is opened, and according to the contraction amount of the push rod motor (106-4), the hole drilling aperture can be calculated through the following formula to realize the hole drilling with the aperture of 40-120 mm;
wherein D is the bore diameter of the drill hole; l is the length of the reaming blade (102-1); l is the distance between the connecting lug A (102-2) and the connecting lug B (102-3); delta l is the shrinkage of the push rod; d is the outer diameter of the inner drill rod.
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| JP4755008B2 (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2011-08-24 | ジャパンパイル株式会社 | Extruder expansion head opening and closing device |
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