CN207488056U - Simulate the experimental rig that off-load is excavated under the three-dimensional loading environment of deep - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses the experimental rigs that off-load is excavated under simulation deep three-dimensional loading environment.The device includes true triaxial test platform, rock sample, and loading chamber is coupled column, left circular hole, right circular hole, preceding bearing plate, rear bearing plate, cushion block, bolt, pedestal, rectangle frame, vertical line guide rail, vertical slipper, horizontal linear guide rail, horizontal slider, left crossbeam, right crossbeam, feed screw nut, elevating screw, bearing, spur rack, gear, steering gear vertical output axis, motor, steering gear, capsul, air inlet, steering gear horizontal output shaft, cutting bit, helical blade, duct.The utility model is adaptable, realizes three-dimensional loading simulation tunnel excavation unloading process.

Description

Simulate the experimental rig that off-load is excavated under the three-dimensional loading environment of deep

Technical field

The utility model belongs to rock mechanics experiment apparatus field, is related to round under a kind of simulation deep three-dimensional loading environment The boring test device of tunnel excavation off-load.

Background technology

Tunnel is influenced, the meeting of tunnel both sides as a kind of most important structure type of underground rock project by engineering excavation Higher area of stress concentration is formed, when concentrated stress meets or exceeds rock mass strength, static(al) will occur for rock mass or power is broken It is bad, such as tunnel large deformation, subregion destructionization, plate cracking destruction and rock burst.The destruction of rock mass static state can influence tunnel engineering structure Long-time stability, and power destruction often results in mass casualties, equipment damage, construction delay and heavy economic losses, The serious threat Security Construction of rock engineering.With national economy and the high speed development of national defense industry, mining, nuke rubbish Processing, traffic tunnel and underground power house and laboratory etc. be civilian and defence engineering constantly develops to underground, the safety of tunnel engineering It builds and long-time stability is increasingly by the highest attention of geotechnical engineering circle and attention.Therefore, the peace for guarantee tunnel engineering Complete to build with steadily in the long term, major colleges and universities and scientific research institutions have carried out a large amount of scientific research to tunnel.Tunnel is carried out at present Scientific research mainly has three kinds of theory analysis, numerical computations and physical model simulation test methods, due to rock mass for anisotropy, Heterogeneous, noncontinuity material, and the ground stress environment of rock mass preservation is complicated and changeable, mechanics parameter and the force environment tool of rock mass There is larger uncertainty so that the rock mass parameter and boundary condition that theoretical analysis and numerical method method needs are difficult to determine.Object Reason modeling experiment may be used true rock sample (or physical simulation material) and carry out scientific experimentation, can be intuitive Reflect destruction and deformation process of the Wall Rock of Tunnel under high stress, Wall Rock of Tunnel destruction can be disclosed to a certain extent The Laws of Mechanics and mechanism of deformation, therefore in design of its support, safety evaluation and the rock power disaster for carrying out tunnel engineering structure It is widely applied in terms of prevention.

In Practical Project, rock mass is in initial field stress environment, therefore tunnel excavation is that having before subterranean tunnel excavates Have in the rock mass of initial field stress and carry out.At present, simulation tunnel excavation off-load has following two methods：First punch reload and first Loading punches again.The method that reloads that first punches is manually cuts hole, then carry out experiment loading, the party before carrying out experiment loading There are larger differences with engineering practice for method；The method that punches again is first loaded to be first loaded into primary stress level before punching, Hole is dug under loaded conditions, with force-bearing of surrounding rock mass actual conditions during tunnel excavation relatively.Therefore, tunnel is being carried out During physical model simulation test, due to each colleges and universities and scientific research institutions' testing equipment condition difference, above two method is ground at present There is application in studying carefully, but more meet tunnel excavation off-load actual conditions due to first loading the method that punches afterwards, in tunnel simulation test In more use this method.

Application No. is 201510228942.X, utility model is entitled, and " excavation for being suitable for geomechanical model test unloads Lotus device ", publication date：On August 12nd, 2015 discloses a kind of excavation relief arrangement suitable for geomechanical model test, It is driven using motor and drill bit cutting test sample is promoted to excavate unloading process to simulate surrounding rock of chamber, can realize that cave is excavated in control Chamber shape and excavation unloading rate, but its structure design is not compact, and size is larger, the tunnel mould that can be used under two-dimentional loading environment Intend, can not be used under three-dimensional loading environment.

Application No. is 201210097816.1, utility model is entitled " a kind of chamber excavation device with geomechanical model ", Publication date：On September 12nd, 2012, discloses a kind of chamber excavation device with geomechanical model, by first digging hole, then use gas It pressurizes in capsule device to hole, then gasbag pressure realizes that country rock excavates unloading process in release aperture, the excavating device is easy to operate, can It realizes excavated in close chamber the advantages of, but it carries out pressurization in hole again first to punch, then releases stress, this loading stress There are larger differences with practical tunnel excavation stress path in path.

Application No. is 201310425635.1, entitled " the deep-lying tunnel Excavation simulation experimental provision and its should of utility model With method ", publication date：On December 25th, 2013, a kind of deep-lying tunnel Excavation simulation experimental provision and its application process are disclosed, It can be loaded in normal pressures experimental machine, have the characteristics that simple in structure, experimental cost is low, can realized that tunnel first loads and open afterwards Unloading process is dug, but it is only used for two-dimentional loading environment, can not realize tunnel excavation unloading model under three-dimensional loading environment, and Its stress by Wall Rock of Tunnel, deformation and failure problem are considered axisymmetric problem, are studied with part instead of whole, though it can Simplify operation, but there are larger differences compared with a complete tunnel structure for boundary condition.

Application No. is 201610551010.3, utility model entitled " roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig and experiment Method ", publication date：On September 7th, 2016, discloses a kind of roadway excavation unloading model experimental rig and test method, before loading It opens up prefabricated tunnel, and with unloader lever stowboard space, realizes that the excavation in tunnel unloads by extracting unloader lever after the completion of loading Lotus, the rate that control unloader lever is extracted can realize the simulation of country rock difference unloding speed and off-load amount with position, but it can only be answered For two-dimentional loading environment, and it is physical simulation material, can also larger friction be generated to wall in drawing unloader lever, It is not inconsistent with tunnel actual conditions.

Application No. is 201610505188.4, utility model is entitled " device is excavated in a kind of unloading for simulating tunnel excavation ", Publication date：On September 28th, 2016 discloses a kind of unloading for simulating tunnel excavation and excavates device, bearings are used before experiment loading Steel pipe sheet makes it be close to tunnel inner wall, by extracting inner supporting structure out after loading, steel disc slump is allowed to realize and excavates off-load.It should Device has easy to operate, cheap, controllable the advantages that excavating unloading rate, but it need to cut tunnel in advance, also belong to In " first punch and load afterwards " situation, excavate unloading stress path with actual tunnel and differ greatly.

Application No. is 201610614433.5, utility model it is entitled " simulation tunnel off-load controllable type experimental provision and its Application method ", publication date：Disclose a kind of simulation tunnel off-load controllable type experimental provision and its user on January 4th, 2017 Method, the experimental provision impact transmitting bar, then filled out by the tunnel that the impact of transmitting bar pours by high pressure gas control cabinet emission bullet Fill object, filler, which crushes to fall, realizes roadway excavation off-load, it can be achieved that " first load and punch afterwards " unloading process, but it is only applicable to Physics Equivalent Materials Testing, and can only be carried out under two-dimentional loading environment.

Utility model content

In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a kind of examination simulated and off-load is excavated under the three-dimensional loading environment of deep Experiment device, solve in the prior art excavate relief arrangement size it is larger, design it is not compact and first punch load afterwards with actually The problem of tunnel excavation unloading stress path differs greatly.It is adaptable, it realizes and is opened in three-dimensional loading environment Imitating tunnel Dig unloading process, the science and accuracy of guarantee test simulation.

For the utility model the technical scheme adopted is that experimental rig is placed on pedestal, pedestal passes through bolt and true triaxial Testing stand connects, lower bearing plate, upper bearing plate, left bearing plate, a right bearing plate, preceding bearing plate and the composition loading of rear bearing plate Room, rock sample are placed in loading chamber, and left circular hole is offered on left bearing plate, right circular hole, Zuo Yuan are offered on a right bearing plate Hole is located at right circular hole on same level axis, and cushion block is equipped with below a right bearing plate, and a right bearing plate and right two bearing plates lead to Four connection columns to be crossed to be fixedly connected, motor is placed in above steering gear, and four angles of steering gear lower end are fixedly connected with horizontal slider, Horizontal slider is placed on two horizontal linear guide rails, and horizontal linear guide rail one end is fixedly connected with left crossbeam, the other end and right horizontal stroke Beam is fixedly connected, and right crossbeam both ends are fixedly connected with two vertical slippers, and left crossbeam is fixedly connected with two vertical slippers, four Vertical slipper is respectively placed on four vertical line guide rails, and four vertical line guide rail lower ends are fixedly connected with pedestal, and four hang down Straight the linear guide upper end is fixedly connected respectively with four angles of rectangle frame, and rectangle frame is fixedly connected with bearing outer ring, below bearing Equipped with feed screw nut, elevating screw passes through bearing inner race, is fixedly connected with bearing inner race, and elevating screw lower end passes through screw spiral shell Mother is flexibly connected by screw thread with feed screw nut, and feed screw nut is fixedly connected with right crossbeam, and spur rack one end is fixed with left crossbeam Connection, one end are fixedly connected with right crossbeam, and steering gear vertical output axis is fixedly connected with gear, and gear is connected with spur rack, Steering gear is internally provided with steering gear horizontal output shaft, and 33 front end of steering gear horizontal output shaft is equipped with cutting bit, and steering gear is horizontal Output shaft periphery is equipped with capsul, and steering gear horizontal output shaft is internally provided with air inlet, air inlet respectively with capsul, cutting burr Head is connected, and cutting bit is equipped with helical blade, and steering gear horizontal output shaft is internally provided with duct, duct and cutting bit phase Connection.

Further, the gear with spur rack by being intermeshed.

Further, the cutting bit, left circular hole, right circular hole and rock sample central axis overlap.

Further, the cutting bit is used with steering gear horizontal output shaft and is threadedly coupled.

Further, the left circular hole is identical with right Circularhole diameter, and diameter is slightly larger than cutting bit diameter.

Further, the channel diameter is identical with air inlet diameter, is 6~8mm.

Further, the motor model be ACSM180-G19015 numerical control servo motors, the model of the steering gear DT75-L/R。

Compared with prior art, remarkable advantage is the utility model：

(1) it is adaptable

The apparatus structure is compact to design, and size is small, the existing true triaxial test machine confined space is adapted to, available for cutting rock Stone material and similar materials, cutting bit horizontal can control and freely up and down move vertically, adapt to rock sample size Variation, meet different rock materials and similar materials sized samples experiment needs, there is automatic discharge.

(2) the wide open digging unloading process of three-dimensional loading environment lower opening is realized

The device is completed to open inside sample in the case where rock sample or similar materials sample are in true triaxial loading environment Circular hole process is dug, is solved the problems, such as " first load and punch afterwards ", energy real simulation subterranean tunnel is under three-dimensional ground stress effect Excavation unloading process.

(3) different excavation unloding speed and off-load amount are realized

The device can control the speed that cutting bit moves horizontally to the left and the distance advanced to the left, and cutting can be controlled to try The rate of sample and the depth of cutting sample, realize that tunnel difference excavates the simulation of unloding speed and off-load amount.

(4) realize that the hole of different-diameter is dug

The device cutting bit is flexibly connected with output shaft of gear-box using screw thread, can be needed replacing according to experiment different straight The cutting bit of diameter, the circular tunnel that can simulate different size sections excavate unloading process.

The beneficial effects of the utility model：It solves to be difficult to realize three-dimensional answer in tunnel excavation unloader test simulation for a long time " trepanning after first loading " this key technology difficulty under power loading environment so that rock sample is loaded in true triaxial high stress Under the conditions of complete sample trepanning stress-relief process be possibly realized, to tunnel difference rate of excavation, excavated volume in Practical Project and can open It digs cross dimensions more actually to be simulated, to indoor development Large deformation of tunnel wall rock, zonal fracturing, plate cracking destruction and rock It is quick-fried that correlation tests research is waited to provide reliable technical guarantee, tunnel simulation laboratory test is made to ensure closer to engineering reality The science and accuracy of test simulation result, and then be design, construction, stability analysis and the power of subterranean tunnel engineering The prevention of disaster provides reliable technical support and theoretical direction.

Description of the drawings

It in order to illustrate the embodiment of the utility model or the technical proposal in the existing technology more clearly, below will be to embodiment Or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only It is some embodiments of the utility model, for those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise not made the creative labor Under, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other attached drawings.

Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the utility model；

Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional views of Fig. 1；

Fig. 3 is the B-B sectional views of Fig. 1；

Fig. 4 is that the utility model level promotes and vertical lifting schematic diagram；

Fig. 5 is the utility model cutting bit and steering gear output shaft sectional view.

In figure, 1. true triaxial test platforms, 2. rock samples, 3. times bearing plates, bearing plate on 4., 5. left bearing plates, 6. is right One bearing plate, 7. right two bearing plates, 8. are coupled columns, 9. left circular holes, 10. right circular holes, bearing plate before 11., bearing plate after 12., and 13. Cushion block, 14. bolts, 15. pedestals, 16. rectangle frames, 17. vertical line guide rails, 18. vertical slippers, 19. horizontal linear guide rails, 20. horizontal slider, 21. left crossbeams, 22. right crossbeams, 23. feed screw nuts, 24. elevating screws, 25. bearings, 26. spur racks, 27. Gear, 28. steering gear vertical output axis, 29. motors, 30. steering gears, 31. capsuls, 32. air inlets, 33. steering gears are horizontal Output shaft, 34. cutting bits, 35. helical blades, 36. ducts.

Specific embodiment

The following is a combination of the drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model is carried out It clearly and completely describes, it is clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the utility model rather than whole Embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, those of ordinary skill in the art are without making creative work All other embodiments obtained shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figs. 1-5, this experimental rig is placed on pedestal 15 structure of the utility model experimental rig, and pedestal 15 passes through Bolt 14 is connect with true triaxial test platform 1, lower bearing plate 3, upper bearing plate 4, left bearing plate 5, a right bearing plate 6, preceding bearing plate 11 and rear bearing plate 12 form loading chamber, rock sample 2 is placed in loading chamber, and left circular hole 9, the right side one are offered on left bearing plate 5 Right circular hole 10 is offered on bearing plate 6, left circular hole 9 is located at right circular hole 10 on same level axis, and right 6 lower section of a bearing plate is set There is cushion block 13, a right bearing plate 6 is fixedly connected with right two bearing plates 7 by four connection columns 8, and motor 29 is placed in steering gear 30 Side, four angles of 30 lower end of steering gear are fixedly connected with horizontal slider 20, and horizontal slider 20 is placed in two horizontal linear guide rails 19 On, 19 one end of horizontal linear guide rail is fixedly connected with left crossbeam 21, and the other end is fixedly connected with right crossbeam 22, right 22 both ends of crossbeam It is fixedly connected with two vertical slippers 18, left crossbeam 21 is fixedly connected with two vertical slippers 18, and four vertical slippers 18 are distinguished It is placed on four vertical line guide rails 17, four 17 lower ends of vertical line guide rail are fixedly connected with pedestal 15, four vertical lines 17 upper end of guide rail is fixedly connected respectively with four angles of rectangle frame 16, and rectangle frame 16 is fixedly connected with 25 outer ring of bearing, bearing 25 Lower section is equipped with feed screw nut 23, and elevating screw 24 passes through 25 inner ring of bearing, is fixedly connected with 25 inner ring of bearing, under elevating screw 24 End is flexibly connected, feed screw nut 23 is fixedly connected with right crossbeam 22, directly across feed screw nut 23 by screw thread with feed screw nut 23 26 one end of rack is fixedly connected with left crossbeam 21, and one end is fixedly connected with right crossbeam 22, steering gear vertical output axis 28 and gear 27 are fixedly connected, and gear 27 is connected with spur rack 26, and steering gear 30 is internally provided with steering gear horizontal output shaft 33, steering gear water Flat 33 front end of output shaft is equipped with cutting bit 34, and 33 periphery of steering gear horizontal output shaft is equipped with capsul 31, and steering gear level is defeated Shaft 33 is internally provided with air inlet 32, and air inlet 32 is connected respectively with capsul 31, cutting bit 34, is set on cutting bit 34 There is helical blade 35, steering gear horizontal output shaft 33 is internally provided with duct 36, and duct 36 is connected with cutting bit 34.

Four horizontal sliders 20 are mounted on two horizontal linear guide rails 19, and two are installed on every horizontal linear guide rail 19 Horizontal slider 20 can be slided along two 19 left and right horizontals of horizontal linear guide rail；Four vertical slippers 18 are separately mounted to four and hang down It, can be along four vertical line guide rails vertical sliding about 17 in straight the linear guide 17.

Steering gear vertical output axis 28 is rotated with moving gear 27, and gear 27 with 26 intermeshing of spur rack by acting on, hair Raw relative motion, makes four horizontal sliders 20 be slided along two 19 left and right horizontals of horizontal linear guide rail, operates 34 water of cutting bit It puts down to the left and moves right.Steering gear vertical output axis 28 rotates clockwise, and high-speed rotating cutting bit 34, which is moved to the left, to be cut Rock sample 2 is cut, simulates tunnel excavation off-load, steering gear vertical output axis 28 rotates counterclockwise, and cutting bit 34 moves right, Stop cutting rock sample 2.By controlling the rotary speed of steering gear vertical output axis 28, the water to the left of cutting bit 34 can control The rate of rock sample 2 is cut in truncation, realizes the different simulations for excavating unloding speed, control cutting bit 34 be moved to the left away from From, it can be achieved that the depth of the horizontal resection rock sample 2 to the left of cutting bit 34, realizes the different simulations for excavating off-load amounts.Using Steering gear vertical output axis 28 promotes cutting bit 34 to move, compact to design, saves space, adapts to existing true triaxial test Machine realizes the process simulation for carrying out tunnel excavation off-load to rock sample 2 under three-dimensional loading environment.

Elevating screw 24 is fixed with 25 inner ring of bearing, rotation and lifting screw 24, passes through screw thread and 23 phase interaction of feed screw nut Band movable slider 18 is moved up and down along vertical line guide rail vertical shift about 17 with, right crossbeam 22, and adjustment cutting bit 34 is vertically Position overlaps cutting bit 34, left circular hole 9, right circular hole 10 and 2 four central axis of rock sample, it is ensured that cutting bit 34 It is not contacted, and can adapt to the needs of different 2 simulation tests of size rock sample with one bearing plate 6 of the right side.Rotate clockwise liter Screw 24 is dropped, makes 34 upward vertical shift of cutting bit, rotation and lifting screw 24 counterclockwise makes cutting bit 34 is vertical downwards to move It is dynamic, not only adapt to the experiment needs using various sizes of rock sample 2, additionally it is possible at the different height of rock sample 2 Drilling release is carried out, substantially increases the adaptability of the utility model.

Cutting bit 34, using being threadedly coupled, can be replaced different straight with steering gear horizontal output shaft 33 according to experiment needs The cutting bit 34 of diameter realizes the simulation of different size tunnel excavation off-loads.One is provided on steering gear horizontal output shaft 33 Duct 36, duct 36 are connected with 34 inside of cutting bit, and liquid nitrogen is entered by air inlet 32 in capsul 31, and diverted device Duct 36 on horizontal output shaft 33 reaches the head of cutting bit 34, and cooling down is carried out to cutting bit 34.

Helical blade 35 is provided on cutting bit 34, helical blade 35 is rotated with cutting bit 34, by cutting rock examination The rock debris discharge generated during sample 2.

Left bearing plate 5 is equipped with perforative left circular hole 9, and a right bearing plate 6 is equipped with perforative right circular hole 10, cutting bit 34th, left circular hole 9, right circular hole 10 and 2 four central axis of rock sample overlap, and left circular hole 9 is identical with right 10 diameter of circular hole, and straight Diameter is slightly larger than 34 diameter of cutting bit, and cutting bit 34 is enable to free in and out left circular hole 9 and right circular hole 10.High-speed rotating cutting Drill bit 34 is entered by right circular hole 10, is contacted, and cut rock sample 2 with the rock sample 2 under true triaxial loading, is simulated tunnel Wide open digging unloading process.34 horizontal throw of cutting bit be more than rock sample 2 thickness, it is cleavable go out through rock sample 2 Hole.

36 diameter of duct is identical with 32 diameter of air inlet, is 6~8mm, diameter is too small to make liquid nitrogen flow small, influence cold But effect easily causes the raising of 34 temperature of cutting bit and is damaged, and diameter is excessive, and liquid nitrogen flow is big, and liquid nitrogen is caused to waste；It cuts The diameter for cutting 34 hollow duct of drill bit depends on the diameter for the cutting bit 34 selected, and 34 diameter of cutting bit is bigger, diameter It is bigger；During work, cutting bit 34 is high-speed rotating, and liquid nitrogen is made to be close to hollow duct inner wall and flows to 34 head of cutting bit Cool down, as long as the amount of liquid nitrogen flowed into from 36 diameter of duct is enough, the diameter in 34 hollow duct of cutting bit does not interfere with cold But effect.

29 preferred model ACSM180-G19015 numerical control servo motors of motor, have it is small, power is big, and rotating speed is adjustable The characteristics of, the small needs in true triaxial test machine testing stand space can be met；The preferred model DT75-L/R of steering gear 30 makees With being to rotate motor 29 from vertical direction to become horizontal and vertical both direction rotation, steering gear 30 makes motor 29 that can drive 34 high speed rotation of cutting bit cuts rock sample 2, and can be moved for 34 left and right horizontal of cutting bit and provide power, makes motor 29 A tractor serves several purposes, device setting is compact, saves space, simple to operate, makes 29 vertical installation of motor, sleeping so as to reduce motor 29 The space in horizontal direction needed for formula installation, to increase 34 or so stroke of cutting bit；The preferred model of true triaxial test machine TRW-3000 large scale rock true triaxial electro-hydraulic servo mutagenesis upset test systems, three directionally independent control loadings, can meet Simulate tunnel at great depth digging process in various loading stress paths needs, vertical direction peak load be 3000kN, two water Square it is 2000kN to peak load, loading speed arbitrarily can adjust and control in the range of 10N/s~10kN/s, can meet not With the requirement of 2 test simulation of edpth of tunnel and large scale rock sample.

Embodiment

A kind of boring test method for simulating circular tunnel excavation off-load under the three-dimensional loading environment of deep applies a kind of simulation Circular tunnel excavates the experimental rig of off-load under the three-dimensional loading environment of deep, follows the steps below：

Step 1: fixing device and carrying out three-dimensional loading to rock sample 2：It will simulate round under the three-dimensional stress condition of deep The boring test device of tunnel excavation off-load is fixed by bolt 14 and true triaxial test platform 1, then will using true triaxial test machine Rock sample 2 is loaded onto primary stress level；

Step 2: 34 position of installation and adjusting cutting bit：Ensure that the central axis of left circular hole 9 and right circular hole 10 overlaps, The cutting bit 34 of suitable diameter is chosen according to testing program, and is connected through a screw thread with steering gear horizontal output shaft 33, is rotated Elevating screw 24, four vertical slippers vertical shift about 18, to adapt to the size of different rock samples 2, passes through elevating screw The 24 continuous height for adjusting cutting bit 34, finally make the central axis of cutting bit 34 and left circular hole 9, right circular hole 10 and rock The central axis of stone sample 2 overlaps；

Step 3: simulation circular tunnel excavates off-load drilling：Ensure that nitrogen tube is connected with the air inlet 32 on capsul 31, 29 power switch of motor is opened, motor 29 is made to drive 34 high speed rotation of cutting bit, liquid nitrogen container switch is opened simultaneously, makes liquid nitrogen The head that gas reaches cutting bit 34 via the duct 36 on steering gear horizontal output shaft 33 cools down.Steering gear vertical output Axis 28 rotates clockwise, and with spur rack 26 relative motion occurs for gear 27, and four horizontal sliders 20 are moved to the left, and make high speed rotation Cutting bit 34 be moved to the left, and entered inside a right bearing plate 6 by right circular hole 10, slowly in three-dimensional loading environment Rock sample 2 it is close, and contact cutting rock sample 2, simulate the excavation unloading process of tunnel.By controlling steering gear vertical Output shaft 28 rotates clockwise speed, and control cutting bit 34 cuts the rate of rock sample 2, realizes that tunnel difference excavates off-load The simulation of rate；Cutting bit 34 is controlled to cut the depth of rock sample 2, realizes that tunnel difference excavates the simulation of off-load amount；It is high The rock debris that the helical blade 35 of speed rotation generates 34 head of cutting bit is discharged, and realizes automatic discharge.After the completion of cutting, Steering gear vertical output axis 28 rotates counterclockwise, and cutting bit 34 is made to move right, and exits rock sample 2, completes three-dimensional condition Under the tunnel excavation unloading model that " first loads and punch afterwards ", close 29 power supply of motor and liquid nitrogen switch；

Step 4: carry on the cracking of tunnel excavation off-load back wall rock beam, rock burst, zonal fracturing, large deformation and country rock The experimental studies such as stability analysis, device and method used herein, which realizes, excavates off-load under three-dimensional loading environment, more very Real simulates digging process of the subterranean tunnel under crustal stress effect, makes subsequently to carry out the cracking of tunnel plate, rock burst, subregion rupture Change, the simulation test of large deformation and Stability Analysis of The Surrounding Rock more meets engineering reality, so as to improve the accuracy of simulation test and It is scientific.

The utility model carries out three-dimensional loading to rock sample 2 first, then by compact to design, the small device pair of size Rock sample 2 is fixed, and excavates the cutting bit 34 of the present apparatus during off-load drills in simulation circular tunnel in next step It horizontal left and right and can freely up and down move vertically, to meet the size of different rock samples 2, operation has simple, flexibly Advantage, on cutting bit 34 setting of helical blade 35 so that in boring procedure that the discharge of rock debris is more convenient, in three-dimensional The experimental rig of excavation off-load also avoids loading stress approach simultaneously under loading environment and actually there are larger differences in excavation path The problem of different.

It should be noted that herein, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation In any this practical relationship or sequence.Moreover, term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to Non-exclusive inclusion, so that process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only will including those Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed or further include as this process, method, article or equipment Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that Also there are other identical elements in process, method, article or equipment including the element.

Each embodiment in this specification is described using relevant mode, identical similar portion between each embodiment Point just to refer each other, and the highlights of each of the examples are difference from other examples.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model only, is not intended to limit the protection model of the utility model It encloses.Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, are all contained in this reality With in novel protection domain.

Claims (7)

1. simulate the experimental rig that off-load is excavated under the three-dimensional loading environment of deep, which is characterized in that experimental rig is placed in pedestal (15) on, pedestal (15) is connect by bolt (14) with true triaxial test platform (1), lower bearing plate (3), upper bearing plate (4), Zuo Cheng Pressing plate (5), a right bearing plate (6), preceding bearing plate (11) and rear bearing plate (12) composition loading chamber, rock sample (2), which is placed in, to be added It carries in room, left circular hole (9) is offered on left bearing plate (5), right circular hole (10), left circular hole (9) are offered on a right bearing plate (6) With right circular hole (10) on same level axis, be equipped with cushion block (13) below a right bearing plate (6), a right bearing plate (6) and Right two bearing plates (7) are fixedly connected by four connection columns (8), and motor (29) is placed in above steering gear (30), steering gear (30) Four angles of lower end are fixedly connected with horizontal slider (20), and horizontal slider (20) is placed on two horizontal linear guide rails (19), water Flat line guide rail (19) one end is fixedly connected with left crossbeam (21), and the other end is fixedly connected with right crossbeam (22), right crossbeam (22) Both ends are fixedly connected with two vertical slippers (18), and left crossbeam (21) is fixedly connected with two vertical slippers (18), and four vertical Sliding block (18) is respectively placed on four vertical line guide rails (17), and four vertical line guide rail (17) lower ends are fixed with pedestal (15) Connection, four vertical line guide rail (17) upper ends are fixedly connected respectively with four angles of rectangle frame (16), rectangle frame (16) and axis Hold (25) outer ring to be fixedly connected, be equipped with feed screw nut (23) below bearing (25), elevating screw (24) across bearing (25) inner ring, It is fixedly connected with bearing (25) inner ring, elevating screw (24) lower end passes through feed screw nut (23), passes through screw thread and feed screw nut (23) it is flexibly connected, feed screw nut (23) is fixedly connected with right crossbeam (22), and spur rack (26) one end is fixed with left crossbeam (21) Connection, one end are fixedly connected with right crossbeam (22), and steering gear vertical output axis (28) is fixedly connected with gear (27), gear (27) It is connected with spur rack (26), steering gear (30) is internally provided with steering gear horizontal output shaft (33), steering gear horizontal output shaft (33) front end is equipped with cutting bit (34), and steering gear horizontal output shaft (33) periphery is equipped with capsul (31), and steering gear level is defeated Shaft (33) is internally provided with air inlet (32), and air inlet (32) is connected respectively with capsul (31), cutting bit (34), cutting Drill bit (34) is equipped with helical blade (35), and steering gear horizontal output shaft (33) is internally provided with duct (36), and duct (36) are with cutting Drill bit (34) is cut to be connected.

2. the experimental rig of off-load is excavated under simulation deep three-dimensional loading environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The gear (27) with spur rack (26) by being intermeshed.

3. the experimental rig of off-load is excavated under simulation deep three-dimensional loading environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The cutting bit (34), left circular hole (9), right circular hole (10) and (2) four central axis of rock sample overlap.

4. the experimental rig of off-load is excavated under simulation deep three-dimensional loading environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The cutting bit (34) uses with steering gear horizontal output shaft (33) and is threadedly coupled.

5. the experimental rig of off-load is excavated under simulation deep three-dimensional loading environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that The left circular hole (9) is identical with right circular hole (10) diameter, and diameter is slightly larger than cutting bit (34) diameter.

6. the experimental rig of off-load is excavated under simulation deep three-dimensional loading environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Duct (36) diameter is identical with air inlet (32) diameter, is 6~8mm.

7. the experimental rig of off-load is excavated under simulation deep three-dimensional loading environment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that Motor (29) the model ACSM180-G19015 numerical control servo motors, the model DT75-L/R of the steering gear 30.